DL105 Micro PLC. User Manual (2003)

3-50

High-speed Input and Pulse Output Features

Pulse Catch

The following program selects Mode 50, then programs the pulse catch code for X0.

Program Example

Inputs X1, X2, and X3 are all configured as filtered inputs with 10, 30, and 50 mS time

constants respectively. The program is otherwise generic, and may be adapted to

your application.

DirectSOFT32

SP0

Load constant K50 into the accumulator. This

selects Mode 50 as the HSIO mode.

K50

Mode 50

Output this constant to V7633, the location of the

OUT

HSIO Mode select register.

V7633

Load the constant K5 which is required to configure X0

Pulse Catch

as the pulse catch input.

Output this constant to V7634, configuring the pulse

OUT

catch option for X0.

V7634

Load the constant K1006 which is required to select

Filtered Inputs

filtered inputs with a 10 mS filter time constant.

K1006

Output this constant to V7635, configuring X1.

OUT

V7635

Load the constant K3006 which is required to select

filtered inputs with a 30 mS filter time constant.

K3006

Output this constant to V7636, configuring X2.

OUT

V7636

Load the constant K5006 which is required to select

filtered inputs with a 50 mS filter time constant.

K5006

Output this constant to V7637, configuring X3.

OUT

V7637

Main Program

SP100

SET

Use the pulse catch input to set output Y0 on. This will

work even for a very short pulse on X0.

END

END coil marks the end of the main program..

DL105 PLC User Manual, 2nd Edition, Rev. A

3-51

High-Speed Input and Pulse Output Features

Mode 60: Discrete Inputs with Filter

Purpose

The last mode we will discuss for the HSIO circuit is Mode 60, Discrete Inputs with

Filter. The purpose of this mode is to allow the input circuit to reject narrow pulses

and accept wide ones, as viewed from the ladder program. This is useful in

especially noisy environments or other applications where pulse width is important.

In all other modes in this chapter, X0 to X3 usually support the mode functions as

special inputs. Only spare inputs operate as filtered inputs by default. Now in Mode

60, all four inputs X0 through X3 function only as discrete filtered inputs.

Functional Block

Refer to the block diagram below. When the lower byte of HSIO Mode register V7633

Diagram

contains a BCD “60”, the input filter in the HSIO circuit is enabled. Each input X0

through X3 has its own filter time constant. The filter circuit assigns the outputs of the

filters as logical references X0 through X3.

DL105

Output Circuit

PLC

Y0, Y1

Y2 - Y7

HSIO

CPU

I/O data

FILTERS

X0-X3

VĆmemory

Mode Select

V7633

xx60

X4- X11

Input Circuit

Input Filter

Signal pulses at inputs X0 - X3 are filtered by using a delay time. In the figure below,

the input pulse on the top line is longer than the filter time. The resultant logical input

Timing Parameters

to ladder is phase-shifted (delayed) by the filter time on both rising and falling edges.

In the bottom waveforms, the physical input pulse width is smaller than the filter time.

In this case, the logical input to the ladder program remains in the OFF state (input

pulse was filtered out).

Filter Time

Physical Input

Logical Input

Time

Physical Input

Logical Input

DL105 PLC User Manual, 2nd Edition, Rev. A

3-52

High-speed Input and Pulse Output Features

Recall that V7633 is the HSIO Mode Select register. Refer to the diagram below. Use

Setup for Mode 60

BCD 60 in the lower byte to select High-Speed Counter Mode. Use BCD 00 or 20 in

the upper byte as required. Combine the two bytes into a data word “xx60”, for writing

to V7633.

Memory Location V7633

Bits

Miscellaneous Setup (BCD)

HSIO Mode Setup (BCD)

00 = Power Up in Previous Mode

20 = Power Up in Run Mode Always

60 = Discrete Filtered Inputs

Choose the most convenient method of programming V7633 from the following:

S Include load and out instructions in your ladder program

S DirectSOFT32’s memory editor

S Use the Handheld Programmer D2-HPP

We recommend using the first method above so that the HSIO setup becomes an

integral part of your application program. An example program later in this section

shows how to to this.

X Input

The configurable discrete input options for Discrete Filtered Inputs Mode are listed

Configuration

in the table below. The filter time constant (delay) is programmable from 10 to 99 mS.

The code for this selection occupies the upper byte of the configuration register in

BCD. We combine this number with the required “06” in the lower byte to get “xx06”,

where xx = 10 to 99. Input X0, X1, X2, and X3 can only be filtered inputs. Each input

has its own configuration register and filter time constant.

Input

Configuration

Function

Hex Code

Required

V7634

Filtered Input

xx06 (xx = filter delay time)

V7635

Filtered Input

xx06 (xx = filter delay time)

V7636

Filtered Input

xx06 (xx = filter delay time)

V7637

Filtered Input

xx06 (xx = filter delay time)

DL105 PLC User Manual, 2nd Edition, Rev. A

3-53

High-Speed Input and Pulse Output Features

Filtered Inputs

The following program selects Mode 60, then programs the filter delay time

Program Example

constants for inputs X0, X1, X2, and X3. Each filter time constant is different, for

illustration purposes. The program is otherwise generic, and may be adapted to your

application.

DirectSOFT32

SP0

Load constant K60 into the accumulator. This

selects Mode 60 as the HSIO mode.

K60

Mode 60

Output the constant to V7633, the location of the

OUT

HSIO Mode select register.

V7633

Load the constant K1006 which is required to configure

Filtered Inputs

filtered inputs with a time constant of 10 mS.

K1006

Output this constant to V7634, configuring X0.

OUT

V7634

Load the constant K2006 which is required to select

filtered inputs with a 20 mS filter time constant.

K2006

Output this constant to V7635, configuring X1.

OUT

V7635

Load the constant K5006 which is required to select

filtered inputs with a 50 mS filter time constant.

K5006

Output this constant to V7636, configuring X2.

OUT

V7636

Load the constant K9906 which is required to select

filtered inputs with a 99 mS filter time constant.

K9906

Output this constant to V7637, configuring X3.

OUT

V7637

Main Program

Insert Main Program rungs here for your application.

END

END coil marks the end of the main program..

DL105 PLC User Manual, 2nd Edition, Rev. A

4-2

CPU Specifications and Operation

Introduction

The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the heart of the Micro PLC. Almost all PLC

operations are controlled by the CPU, so it is important that it is set up correctly. This

chapter provides the information needed to understand:

S Steps required to set up the CPU

S Operation of ladder program, organization of Variable Memory

Power Input

8 Discrete Outputs

Commons

DL105

PLC

Main

Output Circuit

Power

Supply

To Programming

Comm.

Device, or

CPU

Port

Operator

Interface

Auxiliary

+24VDC

Supply

Input Circuit

+24VDC Out

10 Discrete Inputs

Commons

(AC-powered versions only)

NOTE: The High-Speed I/O function (HSIO) consists of dedicated but configurable

hardware in the DL105. It is not considered part of the CPU, because it does not

execute the ladder program. For more on HSIO operation, see Chapter 3.

DL105

The DL105 Micro PLC which has 2.4K words of memory comprised of 2.0K of ladder

CPU Features

memory and 384 words of V-memory (data registers). Program storage is in the

FLASH memory which is a part of the CPU board in the PLC. In addition, there is

RAM with the CPU which will store system parameters, V-memory, and other data

which is not in the application program. The RAM is backed up by a

“super-capacitor”, storing the data for several days in the event of a power outage.

The capacitor automatically charges during powered operation of the PLC.

The DL105 supports fixed I/O which includes ten discrete input points and eight

output points. No provision for expansion beyond these eighteen I/O points are

available in the F1-130 model PLCs.

Over 90 different instructions are available for program development as well as

extensive internal diagnostics that can be monitored from the application program or

from an operator interface. Chapter 5 provides a detailed description of the

instructions.

The DL105 provides one built-in RS232C communication port, so you can easily

connect a handheld programmer or a personal computer without needing any

additional hardware.

DL105 PLC User Manual, 2nd Edition, Rev. A

4-3

CPU Specifications and Operation

CPU Specifications

Feature

DL105

Total Program memory (words)

2.4K

Ladder memory (words)

2048

Total V-memory (words) (See Appendix E)

384

User V-memory (words)

256

Non-volatile V Memory (words)

128

Contact execution (boolean)

3.3 mS

Typical scan (boolean)

4 - 6 mS

RLL Ladder style Programming

Yes

RLL and RLL^PLUS Programming

Yes

Run Time Edits

Yes

Variable / fixed scan

Variable

Handheld programmer

Yes

DirectSOFT32 programming for Windows

Yes

Built-in communication ports (RS232C)

Yes

EEPROM or FLASH

Standard on CPU

Local Discrete I/O points available

Local Analog input / output channels maximum

None

High-Speed I/O (quad., pulse out, interrupt, pulse catch, etc.)

Yes

I/O Point Density

10 inputs, 8 outputs

Number of instructions available (see Chapter 5 for details)

Control relays

256

Special relays (system defined)

112

Stages in RLL^PLUS

256

Timers

Counters

Immediate I/O

Yes

Interrupt input (external / timed)

Yes

Subroutines

For/Next Loops

Math

Integer

Drum Sequencer Instruction

Yes

Time of Day Clock/Calendar

Internal diagnostics

Yes

Password security

Yes

System error log

User error log

Battery backup

No (uses super-cap.)

DL105 PLC User Manual, 2nd Edition, Rev. A

4-4

CPU Specifications and Operation

CPU Hardware Setup

CPU Status Indicators

RUN ON CPU is in RUN mode

OFF CPU is in Program mode

CPU ON CPU internal diagnostics has

detected an error.

OFF CPU is OK.

PWR ON CPU power good

OFF CPU power failure

Communications

Port

Communication Port

Com 1 Connects to HPP, DirectSOFT32,

operator interfaces, etc.

6 5 43

6-pin, RS232C

9600 Baud

Odd parity

Station address fixed (1)

8 data bits

1 start, 1 stop bit

Asynchronous, Half-duplex, DTE

K sequence protocol

CPU Status Indicators

Communication

Cables are available that allow you to

Port Pinout

quickly and easily connect a Handheld

Diagrams

Programmer or a personal computer to

6543

the DL105 PLCs. However, if you need to

build your own cables, use the pinout

Phone Jack

diagrams shown. The DL105 PLCs

Connector

require an RJ-12 phone plug to fit the

built-in jacks.

Port Pinouts

The Micro PLC has one built-in RS232C

Pin Signal Definition

communication port. The port is generally

used for programming either with the

0 V

Handheld Programmer or DirectSOFT32,

5 V

and has a fixed station address of 1. The

RS232C Data in

baud rate is fixed at 9600 baud. This port

RS232C Data out

supports the K-sequence protocol, which

5 V

is a proprietary protocol.

0 V

NOTE: The 5V pins are rated at 200mA

maximum, primarilly for use with some

operator interface units.

DL105 PLC User Manual, 2nd Edition, Rev. A

4-5

CPU Specifications and Operation

Connecting the

If you’re using a Personal Computer with the DirectSOFT32 programming package,

Programming

you can connect the computer to the DL105’s programming port. For an engineering

Devices

office environment (typical during program development), this is the preferred

method of programming.

Use cable part no.

D2-DSCBL

The Handheld programmer is connected to the CPU with a handheld programmer

cable. This device is ideal for maintaining existing installations or making small

program changes. The handheld programmer is shipped with a cable, which is

approximately 6.5 feet (200 cm) long.

For replacement

cable, use part no.

DV-1000CBL

CPU Setup

Even if you have years of experience using PLCs, there are a few things you need to

Information

do before you can start entering programs. This section includes some basic things,

such as changing the CPU mode, but it also includes some things that you may

never have to use. Here’s a brief list of the items that are discussed.

S Using Auxiliary Functions

S Selecting and Changing the CPU Modes

S Clearing the program (and other memory areas)

S How to initialize system memory

S Setting retentive memory ranges

The following paragraphs provide the setup information necessary to get the CPU

ready for programming. They include setup instructions for either type of

programming device you are using. The D2-HPP Handheld Programmer Manual

provides the Handheld keystrokes required to perform all of these operations. The

DirectSOFT32 Manual provides a description of the menus and keystrokes

required to perform the setup procedures via DirectSOFT32.

DL105 PLC User Manual, 2nd Edition, Rev. A

4-6

CPU Specifications and Operation

CPU Modes

There are two possible operating modes available with DL105 Micro PLCs.

S RUN — executes program and updates I/O points.

S PROGRAM — allows program changes. The CPU halts execution of the

ladder program and all output points are turned off.

Mode of Operation

The DL105 operates as follows when the power is connected.

at Power-up

1. The DL105 CPU will normally power-up in the mode that it was in just prior

to the power interruption. For example, if the CPU was in Program Mode

when the power was disconnected, the CPU will power-up in Program

Mode (see warning note below).

2. You can configure the DL105 to always power-up in the Run Mode. You can

set bit 13 in V7633 (nonvolatile memory) to enable this feature; we’ll show

you how to set the bit later in this chapter.

WARNING: If bit 13 in memory location V7633 is not set, once the super capacitor

has discharged the system memory may not retain the previous mode of operation.

When this occurs, the PLC can power-up in either Run or Program Mode. There is no

way to determine which mode will be entered. Failure to adhere to this warning

greatly increases the risk of unexpected equipment startup.

Changing Modes in The DL105 Micro PLC does not have an

the DL105 PLC

external switch to switch CPU operating

modes. You have to use a programming

device, such as the handheld programmer

or DirectSOFT32, to change the

operating mode.

You can use either DirectSOFT32 or the Handheld Programmer to change the CPU

mode of operation. With DirectSOFT32 you use a menu option in the PLC menu.

With the Handheld Programmer, you use the MODE key.

MODE

Key

Menu Options

DL105 PLC User Manual, 2nd Edition, Rev. A

4-7

CPU Specifications and Operation

Setting Bits in

You can use the Handheld Programmer or

V7633 - 16 bits

V7633

DirectSOFT32 to set the proper bits in

CPU Setup

HSIO Mode Select

V7633.

Bit

15 14 13 12 11

Since you cannot access the bits

00 10 0000

01 100000

individually, you have to enter a constant

that will result in the appropriate bit being

set. The first two digits of the constant are

used to select the CPU options. The

second two digits are used with the

Codes:

High-Speed I/O function to select various

00: Default

10: Up Counter

options. If you’re using High Speed I/O

20: Power-up in Run

20: Quadrature

functions, make sure you also enter the

30: Pulse output

appropriate code for the feature selected If

(High Speed)

you want the HSIO inputs and outputs to

40: Interrupt (High Speed)

default to regular I/O point operation, just

50: Pulse catch (High Speed)

enter 60 as the last two digits of the code.

60: Discrete Filtered

This configures all I/O points to operate

Input (default)

only as standard discrete I/O.

The diagram shows how the upper and

lower bytes of V7633 are used. For

example, if you entered 2060 into V7633,

the powerup-in-run option is selected, and

the discrete filtered inputs are selected.

The following keystrokes show how you can enter the codes into V7633 with the

D2-HPP Handheld Programmer.

Select V7633 for Monitoring

CLR

SHFT

V 7634 V7633

STAT

0001

0000

AND

Enter the Code

SHFT

ENT

JMP

V 7634 V7633

K2060

Since the changes take affect immediately, you may receive an error message. For

example, if you select Power-up in Run Mode and the CPU does not yet contain a

program, an error will occur.

DL105 PLC User Manual, 2nd Edition, Rev. A

4-8

CPU Specifications and Operation

Many CPU setup tasks involve the use of Auxiliary (AUX) Functions. The AUX

Auxiliary Functions

Functions perform many different operations, ranging from clearing ladder memory,

displaying the scan time, copying programs to EEPROM in the handheld

programmer, etc. They are divided into categories that affect different system

parameters. Appendix A provides a description of the AUX functions.

You can access the AUX Functions from DirectSOFT32 or from the D2-HPP

Handheld Programmer. The manuals for those products provide step-by-step

procedures for accessing the AUX Functions. Some of these AUX Functions are

designed specifically for the Handheld Programmer setup, so they will not be

needed (or available) with the DirectSOFT32 package. The following table shows a

list of the Auxiliary functions for the Handheld Programmer.

AUX 2* — RLL Operations

AUX 6* — Handheld Programmer

Configuration

Check Program

Show Revision Numbers

Change Reference

Beeper On / Off

Clear Ladder Range

Run Self Diagnostics

Clear All Ladders

AUX 7* — EEPROM Operations

AUX 3* — V-Memory Operations

Copy CPU memory to HPP

EEPROM

Clear V Memory

Write HPP EEPROM to CPU

AUX 4* — I/O Configuration

Compare CPU to HPP EEPROM

Show I/O Configuration

Blank Check (HPP EEPROM)

AUX 5* — CPU Configuration

Erase HPP EEPROM

Modify Program Name

Show EEPROM Type (CPU and

HPP)

Display Scan Time

AUX 8* — Password Operations

Initialize Scratchpad

Modify Password

Set Watchdog Timer

Unlock CPU

Set Retentive Ranges

Lock CPU

Test Operations

HSIO Configuration

DL105 PLC User Manual, 2nd Edition, Rev. A

4-9

CPU Specifications and Operation

Clearing an

Before you enter a new program, be sure to always clear ladder memory. You can

Existing Program

use AUX Function 24 to clear the complete program.

You can also use other AUX functions to clear other memory areas.

S AUX 23 — Clear Ladder Range

S AUX 24 — Clear all Ladders

S AUX 31 — Clear V Memory

Initializing System The DL105 Micro PLC maintain system parameters in a memory area often referred

Memory

to as the “scratchpad”. In some cases, you may make changes to the system setup

that will be stored in system memory. For example, if you specify a range of Control

Relays (CRs) as retentive, these changes are stored in system memory.

AUX 54 resets the system memory to the default values.

WARNING: You may never have to use this feature unless you want to clear any

setup information that is stored in system memory. Usually, you’ll only need to

initialize the system memory if you are changing programs and the old program

required a special system setup. You can usually load in new programs without ever

initializing system memory.

Remember, this AUX function will reset all system memory. If you have set special

parameters such as retentive ranges, etc. they will be erased when AUX 54 is used.

Make sure you that you have considered all ramifications of this operation before

you select it.

Setting Retentive The DL105 PLCs provide certain ranges of retentive memory by default. The default

ranges are suitable for many applications, but you can change them if your

Memory Ranges

application requires additional retentive ranges or no retentive ranges at all. (see

Appendix E) The default settings are:

DL105

Memory Area

Default Range

Available Range

Control Relays

C300 - C377

C0 - C377

V Memory

V2000 - V2377

V0 - V2377

Timers

None by default

T0 - T77

Counters

CT0 - CT77

Stages

None by default

S0 - S377

You can use AUX 57 (see Appendix A) to set the retentive ranges. You can also use

DirectSOFT32 menus to select the retentive ranges.

WARNING: The DL105 PLCs do not have battery back-up. The super capacitor will

retain the values in the event of a power loss, but only for a short period of time,

depending on conditions. If the retentive ranges are important for your application,

make sure you program critical parameters into EEPROM locations.

DL105 PLC User Manual, 2nd Edition, Rev. A

4-10

CPU Specifications and Operation

The DL105 PLCs allow you to use a password to help minimize the risk of

Using a Password

unauthorized program and/or data changes. Once you enter a password you can

“lock” the PLC against access. Once the CPU is locked you must enter the password

before you can use a programming device to change any system parameters.

You can select an 8-digit numeric password. The Micro PLCs are shipped from the

factory with a password of 00000000. All zeros removes the password protection. If

a password has been entered into the CPU you cannot just enter all zeros to remove

it. Once you enter the correct password, you can change the password to all zeros to

remove the password protection.

WARNING: Make sure you remember your password. If you forget your password

you will not be able to access the CPU. The Micro PLC must be returned to the

factory to have the password removed.

You can use the D2-HPP Handheld

Programmer or DirectSOFT32 to enter a

password. The following diagram shows how

you can enter a password with the Handheld

Programmer.

DirectSOFT32

D2-HPP

Select AUX 81

CLR

AUX

ENT

PASSWORD

00000000

Enter the new 8-digit password

ENT

PASSWORD

XXXXXXXX

Press CLR to clear the display

There are three ways to lock the CPU once the password has been entered.

1. If the CPU power is disconnected, the CPU will be automatically locked

against access.

2. If you enter the password with DirectSOFT32, the CPU will be

automatically locked against access when you exit DirectSOFT32.

3. Use AUX 83 to lock the CPU.

When you use DirectSOFT32, you will be prompted for a password if the CPU has

been locked. If you use the Handheld Programmer, you have to use AUX 82 to

unlock the CPU. Once you enter AUX 82, you will be prompted to enter the

password.

DL105 PLC User Manual, 2nd Edition, Rev. A

4-11

CPU Specifications and Operation

CPU Operation

Achieving the proper control for your equipment or process requires a good

understanding of how DL105 CPUs control all aspects of system operation. There

are four main areas to understand before you create your application program:

S CPU Operating System — the CPU manages all aspects of system

control. A quick overview of all the steps is provided in the next section.

S CPU Operating Modes — The two primary modes of operation are

Program Mode and Run Mode.

S CPU Timing — The two important areas we discuss are the I/O

response time and the CPU scan time.

S CPU Memory Map — DL105 CPUs offer a wide variety of resources,

such as timers, counters, inputs, etc. The memory map section shows

the organization and availability of these data types.

At powerup, the CPU initializes the

CPU Operating

Power up

System

internal electronic hardware. Memory

initialization starts with examining the

Initialize hardware

retentive memory settings. In general, the

contents of retentive memory is

Initialize various memory

preserved, and non-retentive memory is

based on retentive

configuration

initialized to zero

(unless otherwise

specified).

After the one-time powerup tasks, the

Update input

CPU begins the cyclical scan activity. The

flowchart to the right shows how the tasks

Service peripheral

differ, based on the CPU mode and the

existence of any errors. The “scan time” is

Update Special Relays

defined as the average time around the

task loop. Note that the CPU is always

PGM

Mode?

reading the inputs, even during program

mode. This allows programming tools to

RUN

monitor input status at any time.

Execute program

The outputs are only updated in Run

mode. In program mode, they are in the off

Update output

state.

Error detection has two levels. Non-fatal

errors are reported, but the CPU remains

Do diagnostics

in its current mode. If a fatal error occurs,

the CPU is forced into program mode and

YES

OK?

the outputs go off.

Report error, set flag

Fatal error

YES

Force CPU into

PGM mode

DL105 PLC User Manual, 2nd Edition, Rev. A

4-12

CPU Specifications and Operation

Program Mode

In Program Mode, the CPU does not

execute the application program or update

the output points. The primary use for

Program Mode is to enter or change an

application program. You also use

Download

program mode to set up the CPU

Program

parameters, such as HSIO features,

retentive memory areas, etc.

You can use a programming device, such

as DirectSOFT32 or the D2-HPP

Handheld Programmer to place the CPU

in Program Mode.

Run Mode

In Run Mode, the CPU executes the

application program and updates the I/O

system. You can perform many operations

during Run Mode. Some of these include:

Monitor and change I/O point status

Update timer/counter preset values

Normal Run mode scan

Update Variable memory locations

Run Mode operation can be divided into

Read Inputs

several key areas. For the vast majority of

applications, some of these execution

Service Peripherals

segments are more important than others.

For example, you need to understand how

Update Special Relays

the CPU updates the I/O points, handles

forcing operations, and solves the

Solve the Application Program

application program. The remaining

segments are not that important for most

Write Outputs

applications.

You can use DirectSOFT32 or the

Diagnostics

D2-HPP Handheld Programmer to place

the CPU in Run Mode.

You can also edit the program during Run Mode. The Run Mode Edits are not

“bumpless” to the outputs. Instead, the CPU maintains the outputs in their last state

while it accepts the new program information. If an error is found in the new program,

then the CPU will turn all the outputs off and enter the Program Mode. This feature is

discussed in more detail in Chapter 8.

WARNING: Only authorized personnel fully familiar with all aspects of the

application should make changes to the program. Changes during Run Mode

become effective immediately. Make sure you thoroughly consider the impact of any

changes to minimize the risk of personal injury or damage to equipment.

DL105 PLC User Manual, 2nd Edition, Rev. A

4-13

CPU Specifications and Operation

Read Inputs

The CPU reads the status of all inputs, then stores it in the image register. Input

image register locations are designated with an X followed by a memory location.

Image register data is used by the CPU when it solves the application program.

Of course, an input may change after the CPU has just read the inputs. Generally,

the CPU scan time is measured in milliseconds. If you have an application that

cannot wait until the next I/O update, you can use Immediate Instructions. These do

not use the status of the input image register to solve the application program. The

Immediate instructions immediately read the input status directly from the I/O

modules. However, this lengthens the program scan since the CPU has to read the

I/O point status again. A complete list of the Immediate instructions is included in

Chapter 5.

Service Peripherals

After the CPU reads the inputs from the input modules, it reads any attached

peripheral devices. This is primarily a communications service for any attached

and Force I/O

devices. For example, it would read a programming device to see if any input, output,

or other memory type status needs to be modified.

Forced I/O— temporarily changes the status of a discrete bit. For example, you may

want to force an input on, even though it is really off. This allows you to change the

point status that was stored in the image register. This value will be valid until the

image register location is written to during the next scan. This is primarily useful

during testing situations when you just need to force a bit on to trigger another event.

Forced Inputs — The CPU reads the status of X inputs during the Read Inputs

portion of the scan. When the CPU services the programming device, it logs any

request to force an X input on. If the input is used in the application program, the

ladder X contact is considered closed (on). Since an X input is a real-world input

point, the CPU will change the status when it reads the inputs on the next scan.

Forced Outputs— Outputs which are not used in the program can be forced on and

off for troubleshooting and maintenance purposes. You can temporarily allow the

forcing of any output by inserting an END coil instruction at the beginning of the

ladder program. Then you can use DirectSOFT32 or a HPP to force outputs on and

off.

The DL105 PLCs only retain the forced value for one scan. There is an exception to

this rule. For example, if the point address is greater than X11 or Y7 or it is not used in

the ladder program, then the point will maintain the forced status.

WARNING: Only authorized personnel fully familiar with all aspects of the

application should make changes to the program. Make sure you thoroughly

consider the impact of any changes to minimize the risk of personal injury or damage

to equipment.

Update Special

There are certain V-memory locations that contain Special Relays and other

Relays and Special

dedicated register information. This portion of the execution cycle makes sure these

Registers

locations get updated on every scan. Also, there are several different Special

Relays, such as diagnostic relays, etc., that are also updated during this segment.

DL105 PLC User Manual, 2nd Edition, Rev. A

4-14

CPU Specifications and Operation

Solve Application

The CPU evaluates each instruction in the

Program

application program during this segment

of the scan cycle. The instructions define

the relationship between the input

conditions and the desired output

response. The CPU uses the output

image register area to store the status of

Normal Run mode scan

the desired action for the outputs. Output

image register locations are designated

with a Y followed by a memory location.

Read Inputs

The actual outputs are updated during the

write outputs segment of the scan cycle.

Service Peripherals

There are immediate output instructions

available that will update the output points

Update Special Relays

immediately instead of waiting until the

write output segment. A complete list of

Solve the Application Program

the Immediate instructions is provided in

Chapter 5.

Write Outputs

The internal control relays (C), the stages

(S), and the variable memory (V) are also

Diagnostics

updated in this segment.

You may recall that you can force various types of points in the system. (This was

discussed earlier in this chapter.) If any I/O points or memory data have been forced,

the output image register also contains this information.

Write Outputs

Once the application program has solved the instruction logic and constructed the

output image register, the CPU writes the contents of the output image register to the

corresponding output points. Remember, the CPU also made sure that any forcing

operation changes were stored in the output image register, so the forced points get

updated with the status specified earlier.

Diagnostics

During this part of the scan, the CPU performs all system diagnostics and other tasks

such as calculating the scan time and resetting the watchdog timer. There are many

different error conditions that are automatically detected and reported by the DL105

PLCs. Appendix B contains a listing of the various error codes.

Probably one of the more important things that occurs during this segment is the

scan time calculation and watchdog timer control. The DL105 CPU has a “watchdog”

timer that stores the maximum time allowed for the CPU to complete the solve

application segment of the scan cycle. If this time is exceeded the CPU will enter the

Program Mode and turn off all outputs. The default value set from the factory is 200

ms. An error is automatically reported. For example, the Handheld Programmer

would display the following message “E003 S/W TIMEOUT” when the scan overrun

occurs.

You can use AUX 53 to view the minimum, maximum, and current scan time. Use

AUX 55 to increase or decrease the watchdog timer value.

DL105 PLC User Manual, 2nd Edition, Rev. A

4-15

CPU Specifications and Operation

I/O Response Time

Is Timing Important

I/O response time is the amount of time required for the control system to sense a

for Your

change in an input point and update a corresponding output point. In the majority of

Application?

applications, the CPU performs this task in such a short period of time that you may

never have to concern yourself with the aspects of system timing. However, some

applications do require extremely fast update times. In these cases, you may need to

know how to to determine the amount of time spent during the various segments of

operation.

There are four things that can affect the I/O response time.

S The point in the scan cycle when the field input changes states

S Input Off to On delay time

S CPU scan time

S Output Off to On delay time

The next paragraphs show how these items interact to affect the response time.

Normal Minimum

The I/O response time is shortest when the input changes just before the Read

I/O Response

Inputs portion of the execution cycle. In this case the input status is read, the

application program is solved, and the output point gets updated. The following

diagram shows an example of the timing for this situation.

Scan

Solve

Scan

Program

Read

Write

Inputs

Outputs

Field Input

CPU Reads

CPU Writes

Inputs

Outputs

Input

Off/On Delay

Output

Off/On Delay

I/O Response Time

In this case, you can calculate the response time by simply adding the following

items:

Input Delay + Scan Time + Output Delay = Response Time

DL105 PLC User Manual, 2nd Edition, Rev. A

4-16

CPU Specifications and Operation

Normal Maximum

The I/O response time is longest when the input changes just after the Read Inputs

I/O Response

portion of the execution cycle. In this case the new input status does not get read until

the following scan. The following diagram shows an example of the timing for this

situation.

Scan

Solve

Scan

Program

Read

Write

Inputs

Outputs

Field Input

CPU Reads

CPU Writes

Inputs

Outputs

Input

Off/On Delay

Output

Off/On Delay

I/O Response Time

In this case, you can calculate the response time by simply adding the following

items:

Input Delay +(2 x Scan Time) + Output Delay = Response Time

DL105 PLC User Manual, 2nd Edition, Rev. A

4-17

CPU Specifications and Operation

Improving

There are a few things you can do the help improve throughput.

Response Time

S You can choose instructions with faster execution times

S You can use immediate I/O instructions (which update the I/O points

during the program execution)

S You can use the HSIO Mode 50 Pulse Catch features designed to

operate in high-speed environments. See the Chapter 3 for details on

using this feature.

Of these three things the Immediate I/O instructions are probably the most important

and most useful. The following example shows how an immediate input instruction

and immediate output instruction would affect the response time.

Scan

Solve

Scan

Program

Normal

Read

Write

Normal

Read

Input

Output

Write

Input

Immediate

Outputs

Field Input

Input

Off/On Delay

Output

Off/On Delay

I/O Response Time

In this case, you can calculate the response time by simply adding the following

items.

Input Delay + Instruction Execution Time + Output Delay = Response Time

The instruction execution time would be calculated by adding the time for the

immediate input instruction, the immediate output instruction, and any other

instructions in between the two.

NOTE: Even though the immediate instruction reads the most current status from

I/O, it only uses the results to solve that one instruction. It does not use the new

status to update the image register. Therefore, any regular instructions that follow

will still use the image register values. Any immediate instructions that follow will

access the I/O again to update the status.

DL105 PLC User Manual, 2nd Edition, Rev. A

4-18

CPU Specifications and Operation

CPU Scan Time Considerations

The scan time covers all the cyclical tasks

Power up

that are performed by the operating

system. You can use DirectSOFT32 or

Initialize hardware

the Handheld Programmer to display the

minimum, maximum, and current scan

Initialize various memory

times that have occurred since the

based on retentive

configuration

previous Program Mode to Run Mode

transition. This information can be very

important

when evaluating

the

Update input

performance of a system.

As we’ve shown previously there are

Service peripheral

several segments that make up the scan

cycle. Each of these segments requires a

Update Special Relays

certain amount of time to complete. Of all

the segments, the following are the most

PGM

Mode?

important.

Input Update

RUN

Peripheral Service

Execute program

Program Execution

Update output

Output Update

Timed Interrupt Execution

Do diagnostics

The only one you really have the most

control over is the amount of time it takes

YES

to execute the application program. This is

OK?

because different instructions take

different amounts of time to execute. So, if

Report error, set flag

you think you need a faster scan, then you

can try to choose faster instructions.

Your choice of I/O type and peripheral

Fatal error

devices can also affect the scan time.

However, these things are usually dictated

YES

by the application.

Force CPU into

PGM mode

The following paragraphs provide some

general information on how much time

some of the segments can require.

Reading Inputs

The time required during each scan to read the input status is 40 mS. Don’t confuse

this with the I/O response time that was discussed earlier.

Writing Outputs

The time required to write the output status is 629 mS. Don’t confuse this with the I/O

response time that was discussed earlier.

DL105 PLC User Manual, 2nd Edition, Rev. A

4-19

CPU Specifications and Operation

Application

The CPU processes the program from address 0 to the END instruction. The CPU

executes the program left to right and top to bottom. As each rung is evaluated the

Program Execution

appropriate image register or memory location is updated. The time required to

solve the application program depends on the type and number of instructions used,

and the amount of execution overhead.

Just add the execution times for all the instructions in your program to determine to

total execution time. Appendix C provides a complete list of the instruction execution

times for the DL105 Micro PLC. For example, the execution time for running the

program shown below is calculated as follows:

Instruction

Time

STR X0

3.3 ms

OUT

OR C0

2.7 ms

ANDN X1

2.7 ms

OUT Y0

3.4 ms

STRN C100

3.9 ms

C100

LD K10

62 ms

K10

STRN C101

3.9 ms

OUT V2002

60 ms

C101

OUT V2002

STRN C102

3.9 ms

LD K50

62 ms

STRN C103

3.9 ms

C102

OUT V2006

60 ms

K50

STR X5

3.3 ms

C103

ANDN X10

2.7 ms

OUT V2006

OUT Y3

3.4 ms

END

27 ms

X10

OUT

TOTAL

308.1 ms

Overhead DL105

END

Minimum

0.86 mS

Maximum

3.85 ms

The program above takes only 308.1 ms to execute during each scan. The total scan

time is the sum of the program execution plus the overhead as shown above.

“Overhead” includes all other housekeeping and diagnostic tasks. The scan time will

vary slightly from one scan to the next, because of fluctuation in overhead tasks.

NOTE: You can move words to EEPROM from within the application program. This

can add up to 10ms per 32 word boundary.

Program Control Instructions — the DL105 PLCs have an interrupt routine

feature that changes the way a program executes. Since this instruction interrupts

normal program flow, it will have an effect on the program execution time. For

example, a timed interrupt routine with a 10 mS period interrupts the main program

execution (before the END statement) every 10 mS, so the CPU can execute the

interrupt routine. Chapter 5 provides detailed information on interrupts.

DL105 PLC User Manual, 2nd Edition, Rev. A

4-20

CPU Specifications and Operation

PLC Numbering Systems

If you are a new PLC user or are using

octal

binary

DirectLOGIC PLCs for the first time,

BCD

1482

please take a moment to study how our

0402

PLCs use numbers. You’ll find that each

PLC manufacturer has their own

-961428

ASCII

^3A9 7

conventions on the use of numbers in their

hexadecimal

1001011011

PLCs. We want to take just a moment to

177

1011

familiarize you with how numbers are

decimal

used in DirectLOGIC PLCs. The

72B

information you learn here applies to all

-300124

our PLCs!

As any good computer does, PLCs store and manipulate numbers in binary form:

just ones and zeros. So why do we have to deal with numbers in so many different

forms? Numbers have meaning, and some representations are more convenient

than others for particular purposes. Sometimes we use numbers to represent a size

or amount of something. Other numbers refer to locations or addresses, or to time. In

science we attach engineering units to numbers to give a particular meaning.

PLCs offer a fixed amount of resources, depending on the model and configuration.

PLC Resources

We use the word “resources” to include variable memory (V-memory), I/O points,

timers, counters, etc. Most modular PLCs allow you to add I/O points in groups of

eight. In fact, all the resources of our PLCs are counted in octal. It’s easier for

computers to count in groups of eight than ten, because eight is an even power of 2.

Octal means simply counting in groups of

Decimal

eight things at a time. In the figure to the

right, there are eight circles. The quantity

in decimal is “8”, but in octal it is “10” (8 and

Octal

9 are not valid in octal). In octal, “10”

means 1 group of 8 plus 0 (no individuals).

In the figure below, we have two groups of eight circles. Counting in octal we have

“20” items, meaning 2 groups of eight, plus 0 individuals Don’t say “twenty”, say

“two-zero octal”. This makes a clear distinction between number systems.

Decimal

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Octal

11 12 13 14 15

16 17 20

After counting PLC resources, it’s time to access PLC resources (there’s a

difference). The CPU instruction set accesses resources of the PLC using octal

addresses. Octal addresses are the same as octal quantities, except they start

counting at zero. The number zero is significant to a computer, so we don’t skip it.

Our circles are in an array of square

containers to the right. To access a

resource, our PLC instruction will address

its location using the octal references

1 X

shown. If these were counters, “CT14”

2 X

would access the black circle location.

DL105 PLC User Manual, 2nd Edition, Rev. A

4-21

CPU Specifications and Operation

V-Memory

Variable memory (called “V-memory”) stores data for the ladder program and for

configuration settings

(see Appendix E). V-memory locations and V-memory

addresses are the same thing, and are numbered in octal. For example, V2073 is a

valid location, while V1983 is not valid (“9” and “8” are not valid octal digits).

Each V-memory location is one data word wide, meaning 16 bits. For configuration

registers, our manuals will show each bit of a V-memory word. The least significant

bit (LSB) will be on the right, and the most significant bit (MSB) on the left. We use the

word “significant”, referring to the relative binary weighting of the bits.

VĆmemory address

VĆmemory data

(octal)

(binary)

MSB

LSB

V2017

V-memory data is 16-bit binary, but we rarely program the data registers one bit at a

time. We use instructions or viewing tools that let us work with decimal, octal, and

hexadecimal numbers. All these are converted and stored as binary for us.

A frequently-asked question is “How do I tell if a number is octal, BCD, or hex”? The

answer is that we usually cannot tell just by looking at the data... but it does not really

matter. What matters is: the source or mechanism which writes data into a

V-memory location and the thing which later reads it must both use the same data

type (i.e., octal, hex, binary, or whatever). The V-memory location is just a storage

box... that’s all. It does not convert or move the data on its own.

Since humans naturally count in decimal (10 fingers, 10 toes), we prefer to enter and

Binary-Coded

view PLC data in decimal as well. However, computers are more efficient in using

Decimal Numbers

pure binary numbers. A compromise solution between the two is Binary-Coded

Decimal (BCD) representation. A BCD digit ranges from 0 to 9, and is stored as four

binary bits (a nibble). This permits each V-memory location to store four BCD digits,

with a range of decimal numbers from 0000 to 9999.

BCD number

VĆmemory storage

In a pure binary sense, a 16-bit word can represent numbers from 0 to 65535. In

storing BCD numbers, the range is reduced to only 0 to 9999. Many math

instructions use Binary-Coded Decimal (BCD) data, and DirectSOFT32 and the

handheld programmer allow us to enter and view data in BCD.

Hexadecimal

Hexadecimal numbers are similar to BCD numbers, except they utilize all possible

Numbers

binary values in each 4-bit digit. They are base-16 numbers so we need 16 different

digits. To extend our decimal digits 0 through 9, we use A through F as shown.

Decimal

0 1

9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Hexadecimal

0 1

A B C D E F

A 4-digit hexadecimal number can represent all 65536 values in a V-memory word.

The range is from 0000 to FFFF (hex). PLCs often need this full range for sensor

data, etc. Hexadecimal is just a convenient way for humans to view full binary data.

Hexadecimal number

VĆmemory storage

DL105 PLC User Manual, 2nd Edition, Rev. A

4-22

CPU Specifications and Operation

Memory Map

With any PLC system, you generally have many different types of information to

process. This includes input device status, output device status, various timing

elements, parts counts, etc. It is important to understand how the system represents

and stores the various types of data. For example, you need to know how the system

identifies input points, output points, data words, etc. The following paragraphs

discuss the various memory types used in DL105 Micro PLCs. A memory map

overview for the CPU follows the memory descriptions.

Octal Numbering

All memory locations and resources are

System

numbered in Octal (base 8). For example,

the diagram shows how the octal

numbering system works for the discrete

input points. Notice the octal system does

not contain any numbers with the digits 8

or 9.

X10

X11

Discrete and Word

As you examine the different memory

Discrete - On or Off, 1 bit

Locations

types, you’ll notice two types of memory

in the DL105, discrete and word memory.

Discrete memory is one bit that can be

either a 1 or a 0. Word memory is referred

to as V memory (variable) and is a 16-bit

location normally used to manipulate

data/numbers, store data/numbers, etc.

Some information is automatically stored

Word Locations - 16 bits

in V memory. For example, the timer

01 01 000000100101

current values are stored in V memory.

V Memory

The discrete memory area is for inputs, outputs, control relays, special relays,

Locations for

stages, timer status bits and counter status bits. However, you can also access the

Discrete Memory

bit data types as a V-memory word. Each V-memory location contains

Areas

consecutive discrete locations. For example, the following diagram shows how the X

input points are mapped into V-memory locations.

10 Discrete (X) Input Points

X11

X10

Bit #

V40400

These discrete memory areas and their corresponding V memory ranges are listed

in the memory area table for DL105 Micro PLCs on the following pages.

DL105 PLC User Manual, 2nd Edition, Rev. A

4-23

CPU Specifications and Operation

Input Points

The discrete input points are noted by an

(X Data Type)

X data type. There are 10 discrete input

OUT

points available with DL105 CPUs. In this

example, the output point Y0 will be

turned on when input X0 energizes.

Output Points

The discrete output points are noted by a

(Y Data Type)

Y data type. There are 128 discrete

OUT

output points available with DL105

CPUs. In this example, output point Y1

will be turned on when input X1

energizes.

Control Relays

Control relays are discrete bits normally

(C Data Type)

used to control the user program. The

X10

OUT

control relays do not represent a real

world device, that is, they cannot be

physically tied to switches, output coils,

Y10

etc. They are internal to the CPU.

OUT

Because of this, control relays can be

Y20

programmed as discrete inputs or

OUT

discrete outputs. These locations are

used in programming the discrete

memory locations

corresponding word location which

contains

16 consecutive discrete

locations.

In this example, memory location C5 will

energize when input X10 turns on. The

second rung shows a simple example of

how to use a control relay as an input.

Timers and

Timer status bits reflect the relationship

Timer Status Bits

between the current value and the preset

TMR

(T Data type)

value of a specified timer. The timer

K30

status bit will be on when the current

value is equal or greater than the preset

value of a corresponding timer.

Y12

When input X0 turns on, timer T1 will

OUT

start. When the timer reaches the preset

3 seconds (K of 30) timer status

contact T1 turns on. When T1 turns on,

output Y12 turns on. Turning off X0

resets the timer.

DL105 PLC User Manual, 2nd Edition, Rev. A

4-24

CPU Specifications and Operation

Timer Current

As mentioned earlier, some information

Values

is automatically stored in V memory. This

TMR

(V Data Type)

is true for the current values associated

K1000

with timers. For example, V0 holds the

current value for Timer 0, V1 holds the

K30

current value for Timer 1, etc.

OUT

The primary reason for this is

K50

programming flexibility. The example

OUT

shows how you can use relational

contacts to monitor several time intervals

K75

K100

from a single timer.

OUT

Counters and

Counter status bits that reflect the

CNT

CT3

Counter Status

relationship between the current value

K10

Bits

and the preset value of a specified

(CT Data type)

counter. The counter status bit will be on

when the current value is equal to or

greater than the preset value of a

CT3

corresponding counter.

OUT

Each time contact X0 transitions from off to on, the counter increments by one. (If X1

comes on, the counter is reset to zero.) When the counter reaches the preset of 10

counts (K of 10) counter status contact CT3 turns on. When CT3 turns on, output

Y12 turns on.

Counter Current

Just like the timers, the counter current

CNT

CT3

Values

values are also automatically stored in V

K10

(V Data Type)

memory. For example, V1000 holds the

current value for Counter CT0, V1001

holds the current value for Counter CT1,

etc.

V1003

The primary reason for this is

OUT

programming flexibility. The example

shows how you can use relational

V1003

OUT

contacts to monitor the counter values.

V1003

OUT

DL105 PLC User Manual, 2nd Edition, Rev. A

4-25

CPU Specifications and Operation

Word Memory

Word memory is referred to as V memory

(V Data Type)

(variable) and is a

16-bit location

normally

used

manipulate

K1345

data/numbers, store data/numbers, etc.

(see Appendix E).

OUT V2000

Some information is automatically stored

in V memory. For example, the timer

current values are stored in V memory.

The example shows how a four-digit

BCD constant is loaded into the

Word Locations - 16 bits

accumulator and then stored in a

V-memory location.

00 01 00110100010

Stages

Ladder Representation

(S Data type)

Stages are used in RLLPLUS Stage

ISG

programs to create a structured

S0000

Wait forStart

program, similar to a flowchart. Each

Start

program stage denotes a program

JMP

segment. When the program segment,

S500

or stage, is active, the logic within that

JMP

segment is executed. If the stage is off, or

Check for a Part

S0001

inactive, the logic is not executed and the

Part

Present

CPU skips to the next active stage. (See

JMP

Chapter 7 for a more detailed description

Part

of RLL^PLUS Stage programming.)

Present

JMP

Each stage also has a discrete status bit

that can be used as an input to indicate

S0002

Clamp the part

whether the stage is active or inactive. If

the stage is active, then the status bit is

Clamp

SET

on. If the stage is inactive, then the status

S400

Part

Locked

bit is off. This status bit can also be turned

JMP

on or off by other instructions, such as the

SET or RESET instructions. This allows

you to easily control stages throughout

the program.

Special Relays

Special relays are discrete memory

(SP Data Type)

locations with pre-defined functionality.

SP5

C10

There are many different types of special

OUT

relays. For example, some aid in

program development, others provide

system operating status information, etc.

Appendix D provides a complete listing of

SP4: 1 second clock

the special relays.

SP5: 100 ms clock

In this example, control relay C10 will

SP6: 50 ms clock

energize for 50 ms and de-energize for

50 ms because SP5 is a pre-defined

relay that will be on for 50 ms and off for

50 ms.

DL105 PLC User Manual, 2nd Edition, Rev. A

4-26

CPU Specifications and Operation

DL105 System V-memory

System Parameters

The DL105 PLCs reserve several V-memory locations for storing system

and Default Data

parameters or certain types of system data. These memory locations store things

Locations

like the error codes, High-Speed I/O data, and other

types of system setup

(V Data Type)

information.

System

Description of Contents

Default Values / Ranges

V-memory

V2320-V2377

The default location for multiple preset values for the High-Speed Counter

N/A

V7620-V7627

Locations for DV-1000 operator interface parameters

V7620

Sets the V-memory location that contains the value.

V0 - V2377

V7621

Sets the V-memory location that contains the message.

V0 - V2377

V7622

Sets the total number (1 - 16) of V-memory locations to be displayed.

1 - 16

V7623

Sets the V-memory location that contains the numbers to be displayed.

V0 - V2377

V7624

Sets the V-memory location that contains the character code to be displayed.

V0 - V2377

V7625

Contains the function number that can be assigned to each key.

V-memory location for X,

Y, or C points used.

V7626

Powerup operational mode.

0, 1, 2, 12, 3

V7627

Change preset value.

0000 to 9999

V7630

Starting location for the multi-step presets for channel 1. The default value is

Default: V2320

2320, which indicates the first value should be obtained from V2320. Since

Range: V0 - V2320

there are 24 presets available, the default range is V2320 - V2377. You can

change the starting point if necessary.

V7631-V7632

Not used

N/A

V7633

Sets the desired function code for the high speed counter, interrupt, pulse

Default: 0060

catch, pulse train, and input filter. Location is also used for setting the

Lower Byte Range:

power-up in Run Mode option.

Range:

10 - Counter

20 - Quadrature

30 - Pulse Out

40 - Interrupt

50 - Pulse Catch

60 - Filtered

discrete In.

Upper Byte Range:

Bits 8 - 12, 14,15: Unused

Bit 13: Power-up in Run

V7634

X0 Setup Register for High-Speed I/O functions

Default: 1006

V7635

X1 Setup Register for High-Speed I/O functions

Default: 1006

V7636

X2 Setup Register for High-Speed I/O functions

Default: 1006

V7637

X3 Setup Register for High-Speed I/O functions

Default: 1006

DL105 PLC User Manual, 2nd Edition, Rev. A

4-27

CPU Specifications and Operation

System

Description of Contents

Default Values / Ranges

V-memory

V7640-V7647

Not used

N/A

V7751

Fault Message Error Code — stores the 4-digit code used with the FAULT

N/A

instruction when the instruction is executed.

V7752-V7754

Not used

N/A

V7755

Error code — stores the fatal error code.

V7756

Error code — stores the major error code.

V7757

Error code — stores the minor error code.

V7760-V7762

Not used

V7763

Program address where syntax error exists

N/A

V7764

Syntax error code

N/A

V7765

Scan — stores the total number of scan cycles that have occurred since the

N/A

last Program Mode to Run Mode transition.

V7666-V7774

Not used

N/A

V7775

Scan — stores the current scan time (milliseconds).

N/A

V7776

Scan — stores the minimum scan time that has occurred since the last

N/A

Program Mode to Run Mode transition (milliseconds).

V7777

Scan — stores the maximum scan time that has occurred since the last

N/A

Program Mode to Run Mode transition (milliseconds).

DL105 PLC User Manual, 2nd Edition, Rev. A

4-28

CPU Specifications and Operation

DL105 Memory

Map

Memory Type

Discrete Memory

Word Memory

Qty.

Symbol

Reference

Decimal

(octal)

Input Points

X0 - X177

V40400 - V40407

128

(See note 1)

Output Points

Y0 - Y177

V40500 - V40507

128

(See note 1)

Control Relays

C0 - C377

V40600 - V40617

256

Special Relays

SP0 - SP117

V41200 - V41204

112

SP0

SP540 - SP577

V41226 - V41227

Timers

T0 - T77

TMR

K100

Timer Current

None

V0 - V77

K100

Values

Timer Status Bits

T0 - T77

V41100 - V41103

Counters

CT0 - CT77

CNT CT0

K10

Counter

None

V1000 - V1077

V1000

K100

Current Values

Counter Status

CT0 - CT77

V41140 - V41143

CT0

Bits

Data Words

None

V2000 - V2377

256

None specific, used with many

(See Appendix E)

instructions

Data Words

None

V4000 - V4177

128

None specific, used with many

Non-volatile

instructions

(See Appendix E)

Stages

S0 - S377

V41000 - V41017

256

S 001

System

None

V7620 - V7647

None specific, used for various

parameters

V7750-V7777

purposes

1 - The DL105 systems are limited to 10 discrete inputs and 8 discrete outputs with the present available hardware, but 128 point addresses exist.

DL105 PLC User Manual, 2nd Edition, Rev. A

4-29

CPU Specifications and Operation

X Input Bit Map

This table provides a listing of individual Input points associated with each V-memory address bit for the

DL105’s ten physical inputs. Actual available references are X0 to X177 (V40400 - V40407).

MSB

DL105 Input (X) Points

LSB

Address

–

011

010

007

006

005

004

003

002

001

000

V40400

Y Output Bit Map

This table provides a listing of individual output points associated with each V-memory address bit for the

DL105’s eight physical outputs. Actual available references are Y0 to Y177 (V40500 - V40507).

MSB

DL105 Output (Y) Points

LSB

Address

–

007

006

005

004

003

002

001

000

V40500

Control Relay Bit Map

This table provides a listing of the individual control relays associated with each V-memory address bit.

MSB

DL105 Control Relays (C)

LSB

Address

017

016

015

014

013

012

011

010

007

006

005

004

003

002

001

000

V40600

037

036

035

034

033

032

031

030

027

026

025

024

023

022

021

020

V40601

057

056

055

054

053

052

051

050

047

046

045

044

043

042

041

040

V40602

077

076

075

074

073

072

071

070

067

066

065

064

063

062

061

060

V40603

117

116

115

114

113

112

111

110

107

106

105

104

103

102

101

100

V40604

137

136

135

134

133

132

131

130

127

126

125

124

123

122

121

120

V40605

157

156

155

154

153

152

151

150

147

146

145

144

143

142

141

140

V40606

177

176

175

174

173

172

171

170

167

166

165

164

163

162

161

160

V40607

217

216

215

214

213

212

211

210

207

206

205

204

203

202

201

200

V40610

237

236

235

234

233

232

231

230

227

226

225

224

223

222

221

220

V40611

257

256

255

254

253

252

251

250

247

246

245

244

243

242

241

240

V40612

277

276

275

274

273

272

271

270

267

266

265

264

263

262

261

260

V40613

317

316

315

314

313

312

311

310

307

306

305

304

303

302

301

300

V40614

337

336

335

334

333

332

331

330

327

326

325

324

323

322

321

320

V40615

357

356

355

354

353

352

351

350

347

346

345

344

343

342

341

340

V40616

377

376

375

374

373

372

371

370

367

366

365

364

363

362

361

360

V40617

DL105 PLC User Manual, 2nd Edition, Rev. A

4-30

CPU Specifications and Operation

Stage Control / Status Bit Map

This table provides a listing of individual Staget control bits associated with each V-memory address bit.

MSB

DL105 Stage (S) Control Bits

LSB

Address

017

016

015

014

013

012

011

010

007

006

005

004

003

002

001

000

V41000

037

036

035

034

033

032

031

030

027

026

025

024

023

022

021

020

V41001

057

056

055

054

053

052

051

050

047

046

045

044

043

042

041

040

V41002

077

076

075

074

073

072

071

070

067

066

065

064

063

062

061

060

V41003

117

116

115

114

113

112

111

110

107

106

105

104

103

102

101

100

V41004

137

136

135

134

133

132

131

130

127

126

125

124

123

122

121

120

V41005

157

156

155

154

153

152

151

150

147

146

145

144

143

142

141

140

V41006

177

176

175

174

173

172

171

170

167

166

165

164

163

162

161

160

V41007

217

216

215

214

213

212

211

210

207

206

205

204

203

202

201

200

V41010

237

236

235

234

233

232

231

230

227

226

225

224

223

222

221

220

V41011

257

256

255

254

253

252

251

250

247

246

245

244

243

242

241

240

V41012

277

276

275

274

273

272

271

270

267

266

265

264

263

262

261

260

V41013

317

316

315

314

313

312

311

310

307

306

305

304

303

302

301

300

V41014

337

336

335

334

333

332

331

330

327

326

325

324

323

322

321

320

V41015

357

356

355

354

353

352

351

350

347

346

345

344

343

342

341

340

V41016

377

376

375

374

373

372

371

370

367

366

365

364

363

362

361

360

V41017

Timer Status Bit Map

This table provides a listing of individual timer contacts associated with each V-memory address bit.

MSB

DL105 Timer (T) Contacts

LSB

Address

017

016

015

014

013

012

011

010

007

006

005

004

003

002

001

000

V41100

037

036

035

034

033

032

031

030

027

026

025

024

023

022

021

020

V41101

057

056

055

054

053

052

051

050

047

046

045

044

043

042

041

040

V41102

077

076

075

074

073

072

071

070

067

066

065

064

063

062

061

060

V41103

Counter Status Bit Map

This table provides a listing of individual counter contacts associated with each V-memory address bit.

MSB

DL105 Counter (CT) Contacts

LSB

Address

017

016

015

014

013

012

011

010

007

006

005

004

003

002

001

000

V41140

037

036

035

034

033

032

031

030

027

026

025

024

023

022

021

020

V41141

057

056

055

054

053

052

051

050

047

046

045

044

043

042

041

040

V41142

077

076

075

074

073

072

071

070

067

066

065

064

063

062

061

060

V41143

DL105 PLC User Manual, 2nd Edition, Rev. A

Standard RLL Instructions

5-2

Introduction

DL105 Micro PLCs offer a wide variety of instructions to perform many different

types of operations. This chapter shows you how to use each standard Relay Ladder

Logic (RLL) instruction. In addition to these instructions, you may also need to refer

to the Drum instruction in Chapter 6, or the Stage programming instructions in

Chapter 7.

There are two ways to quickly find the instruction you need.

If you know the instruction category (Boolean, Comparative Boolean,

etc.) just use the title at the top of the page to find the pages that

discuss the instructions in that category.

If you know the individual instruction name, use the following table to

find the page(s) that discusses the instruction.

Instruction

Page

Instruction

Page

Instruction

Page

ACON

5-83

INV

5-72

PAUSE

5-15

ADD

5-59

IRT

5-79

5-14

ADDD

5-11

ISG

7-20

POP

5-49

AND

5-10,

5-21,

JMP

7-20

RST

5-14

5-51

5-44

RSTI

5-25

AND STR

5-11

LDA

5-47

SET

5-14

ANDD

5-52

LDD

5-45

SETI

5-25

ANDE

5-18

LDF

5-46

7-19

ANDI

5-23

LDLBL

5-74

SGCNT

5-34

ANDN

5-10, 5-21

MLR

5-77

SHFL

5-66

ANDNE

5-18

MLS

5-77

SHFR

5-67

ANDNI

5-23

MOV

5-73

5-38

BCD

5-71

MOVMC

5-74

STOP

5-76

BIN

5-70

MUL

5-63

STR

5-8, 5-19

CMP

5-57

NCON

5-83

STRE

5-16

CMPD

5-58

NOP

5-76

STRI

5-22

CNT

5-32

5-9, 5-20, 5-53

STRN

5-8, 5-19

DECB

5-65

OR OUT

5-13

STRNE

5-16

DECO

5-69

OR OUTI

5-24

STRNI

5-22

DISI

5-79

OR STR

5-11

SUB

5-61

DIV

5-64

ORD

5-54

DLBL

5-83

ORE

5-17

SUBD

5-62

EDRUM

6-2, 6-12

ORI

5-22

TMR

5-27

ENCO

5-68

ORN

5-9, 5-20

TMRF

5-27

END

5-76

ORNE

5-17

TMRA

5-29

ENI

5-79

ORNI

5-22

TMRAF

5-29

FAULT

5-82

OUT

5-13, 5-48

UDC

5-36

INCB

5-65

OUTD

5-48

XOR

5-55

INT

5-79

OUTF

5-49

XORD

5-56

DL105 PLC User Manual, 2nd Edition, Rev. A

Standard RLL Instructions

5-3

Boolean Instructions

Using Boolean Instructions

Do you ever wonder why so many PLC manufacturers always quote the scan time

for a

1K boolean program? Simple. Most all programs utilize many boolean

instructions. These are typically very simple instructions designed to join input and

output contacts in various series and parallel combinations. Since the

DirectSOFT32 software allows you to use graphic symbols to build the program,

you don’t absolutely have to know the mnemonics of the instructions. However, it

may helpful at some point, especially if you ever have to troubleshoot the program

with a Handheld Programmer.The following paragraphs show how these

instructions are used to build simple ladder programs.

All DL105 programs require an END statement as the last instruction. This tells the

END Statement

CPU that this is the end of the program. Normally, any instructions placed after the

END statement will not be executed. There are exceptions to this such as interrupt

routines, etc. Chapter 5 discusses the instruction set in detail.

OUT

All programs must have

and END statement

END

You use a contact to start rungs that contain both contacts and coils. The boolean

Simple Rungs

instruction that does this is called a Store or, STR instruction. The output point is

represented by the Output or, OUT instruction. The following example shows how to

enter a single contact and a single output coil.

DirectSOFT32 Example

Handheld Mnemonics

STR X0

OUT Y0

OUT

END

Normally Closed Normally closed contacts are also very common. This is accomplished with the

Contact

Store Not or, STRN instruction. The following example shows a simple rung with a

normally closed contact.

DirectSOFT32 Example

Handheld Mnemonics

STRN X0

OUT Y0

OUT

END

DL105 PLC User Manual, 2nd Edition, Rev. A

Standard RLL Instructions

5-4

Boolean Instructions

Use the AND instruction to join two or more contacts in series. The following

Contacts in Series

example shows two contacts in series and a single output coil. The instructions used

would be STR X0, AND X1, followed by OUT Y0.

DirectSOFT32 Example

Handheld Mnemonics

STR X0

AND X1

OUT

OUT Y0

END

Sometimes it is necessary to use midline outputs to get additional outputs that are

Midline Outputs

conditional on other contacts. The following example shows how you can use the

AND instruction to continue a rung with more conditional outputs.

DirectSOFT32 Example

Handheld Mnemonics

STR X0

AND X1

OUT

OUT Y0

AND X2

OUT Y1

AND X3

OUT

OUT Y2

END

OUT

END

Parallel Elements

You also have to join contacts in parallel. The OR instruction allows you to do this.

The following example shows two contacts in parallel and a single output coil. The

instructions would be STR X0, OR X1, followed by OUT Y0.

DirectSOFT32 Example

Handheld Mnemonics

STR X0

OUT

OR X1

OUT Y0

END

DL105 PLC User Manual, 2nd Edition, Rev. A

Standard RLL Instructions

5-5

Boolean Instructions

Joining Series

Quite often it is necessary to join several groups of series elements in parallel. The

Branches in

Or Store (ORSTR) instruction allows this operation. The following example shows a

Parallel

simple network consisting of series elements joined in parallel.

DirectSOFT32 Example

Handheld Mnemonics

STR X0

OUT

AND X1

STR X2

AND X3

ORSTR

OUT Y0

END

Joining Parallel

You can also join one or more parallel branches in series. The And Store (ANDSTR)

Branches in Series

instruction allows this operation. The following example shows a simple network

with contact branches in series with parallel contacts.

DirectSOFT32 Example

Handheld Mnemonics

STR X0

STR X1

OUT

OR X2

ANDSTR

OUT Y0

END

Combination

You can combine the various types of series and parallel branches to solve most any

Networks

application problem. The following example shows a simple combination network.

OUT

END

Comparative

Some PLC manufacturers make it really difficult to do a simple comparison of two

Boolean

numbers. Some of them require you to move the data all over the place before you

can actually perform the comparison. The DL105 Micro PLCs provide Comparative

Boolean instructions that allow you to quickly and easily solve this problem. The

Comparative Boolean provides evaluation of two 4-digit values using boolean

contacts. The valid evaluations are: equal to, not equal to, equal to or greater than,

and less than.

In the following example when the value

V1400

K1234

in V-memory location V1400 is equal to

OUT

the constant value

1234, Y3 will

energize.

DL105 PLC User Manual, 2nd Edition, Rev. A

Standard RLL Instructions

5-6

Boolean Instructions

There are limits to how many elements you can include in a rung. This is because the

Boolean Stack

DL105 PLCs use an 8-level boolean stack to evaluate the various logic elements.

The boolean stack is a temporary storage area that solves the logic for the rung.

Each time the program encounters a STR instruction, the instruction is placed on the

top of the stack. Any other STR instructions already on the boolean stack are pushed

down a level. The ANDSTR, and ORSTR instructions combine levels of the boolean

stack when they are encountered. An error will occur during program compilation if

the CPU encounters a rung that uses more than the eight levels of the boolean stack.

The following example shows how the boolean stack is used to solve boolean logic.

ORSTR

AND

STR

OUT

Output

AND

ANDSTR

STR

STR X0

STR X1

STR X2

AND X3

STR X0

STR X1

STR X2

X2 AND X3

STR X0

STR X1

STR X0

ORSTR

AND X4

ORNOT X5

X1 OR (X2 AND X3)

X4 AND [X1 OR (X2 AND X3)]

NOT X5 OR X4 AND [X1 OR (X2 AND X3)]

STR X0

ANDSTR

X0 AND (NOT X5 OR X4) AND [X1 OR (X2 AND X3)]

DL105 PLC User Manual, 2nd Edition, Rev. A

DL105 Micro PLC. User Manual (2003) - page 4