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The dial silve r - coat is applied on an underlaye r of bras s , tomback, or copper (acid ) . Silver -plated dial s are brightened in ammonia for t to 1 min, G o 1 d - p 1 a t i n g is applied to parts of pocket- and wristwatches and alarm clocks . It se rves the dual aim of giving the parts an aesthetic ap pearance and protecting them from corros ion . Gold has excellent chemical resistance and is not tarnished by atmo spheric air . It is diss ol ved only in "aqua regia " (a mixture of hydrochloric and nitric acids in a ratio of 3 : 1 ) . Cyanide baths only (gold cyanide, gold chloride or gold fulminate ) are used for gold-plating. Gold cyanide is obtained by galvanically diss olving Gold chloride i s obtained by diss olving metallic gold in aqua regia . The trivalent gold chloride obtained (AuCl 3 ) is then transformed into a complex cyanide salt K[A u(CN)2 ] by treating it with potassium cyanide . Gold fulminate is obtained from gold chloride by dissolving it in hot wate r and treating it with ammonia (NH40H ) . The precipitate of gold fulminate obtained is dis sol ved in potassium cyanide, as it is highly explosive in a dry state . The electrolyte composition and the working conditions are as follows : Gold ( metallic) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 o-12 g/1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2G-25 g/1 D isodium phosphate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Q-25 g/1 Current density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . 0.10- 0 .25 amp/dm2 Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . 5D-60"C Holding time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5- 7 min Some plants use electrolytes with a gold concentration of 5 - 7 g/1, 2 - 3 g/1 of potass ium cyanide , at current densities of 0 . 1 - 0 . 2 amp/ dm2 . Brass and copper parts whose surface quality does not have to satisfy strict specifications , and for which a thin layer of gold ( 0 . 1 !l thick ) is suf ficient, are gold - plated by simple imme rsion in a solution (without electro lysis ) of the following c omposition: Chloroauric acid . . . . · · . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . D isodium phosphate . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . Caustic soda . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . .
Sodium carbonate . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Potassium cyanide . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . .
The bath is heated to gooc . 0.6 g/1 6 g/1 1 g/1 3.0 g/1 1 0 g/1 The thickness of the gold layer on movement parts, which are internal parts , must be 0 . 6 - 0 . 7 !l , while the thickness of gold on external parts must be between 5 and 7 !1 or even 2 0 ft. External parts are accordingly given s everal layers, each 1 . 5 - 2 !l thick and each rubbed and polished in turn. In order to obtain thick layers of high quality, it is recommended that the polarity of the electrodes be periodically revers e d . Fourteen- carat gold can be u s e d f o r gold-plating instead of pure gol d . I n this case a s olution of copper cyanide i s introduced into the electrolyte , and either 1 4 - carat gold anodes or separate pure gold and copper anodes are used. The coatings obtained are reddish and more wear - resistant. 3 6 1 |