Антифосфолипидный синдром - часть 72

Таким образом, внедрение иммунологических методов в кардиологию

позволило получить новые чрезвычайно важные данные, подтверждаю

щие роль воспаления и аутоиммунных реакций в развитии атеросклеро

тического поражения сосудов и его осложнений. Это создает реальные

предпосылки для более точной оценки прогноза при атеросклерозе, а

также для разработки новых подходов к его профилактике и лечению.

ЛИТЕРАТУРА

293

1. Ridker PM. Evaluating novel cardiovascular

risk factor can we better predict heart attack? Ann
Intern Med 1999; 130: 933—937.

2. Blake GJ, Ridker PM. Novel Clinical Markers

of vascular wall inflammation. Circ Res 2001; 89:
763—771.

3. Насонов ЕЛ. Иммунологические маркеры

атеросклероза. Терапевт. архив, 2002; 5:
80—85.

4. Greenland P, Abrams J, Aurigemma GP, et

al. Prevention conference V: beyond second pre
vention: identifying the highrisk patients for pri
mary prevention: noninvasive test of atheroscle
rotic burden: writing group III. Circulation 2000;
101: E16—E22.

5. Braumvald E. Shattuck lecture — cardiovas

cular medicine at the turn of millennium: triumph,
concerns, and opportunities. N Engl J Med 1997;
337:1360—1369.

6. Pepys MB, Hirscfield GM. Creactive pro

tein: a critical uptodate. J Clin Invest 2003; 111:
1805—1808.

7. Gabay C, Kushnewr I. Acutephase proteins

and other systemic responses to inflammation. N
Engl J Med 1999; 340: 448—454.

8. Steel DM, Whitehead AS. The major acute

phase reactants: Creactive protein, serum amyloid
P component and serum amyloid. A Immunology
Today 1994; 15:1—10.

9. Woods A, Brull DJ, Humphries SE, Mon

tgomery HE. Genetics of inflammation and risk of
coronary artery disease: the central role of inter
leukin6. Eur Heart J 2000; 21:1574—1583.

10. Papanicolaou DA, Wilder RL, Manolagos

SC, Chrousos GP. The pathophysiologic roles of

intewrleukin6 in human disease. Ann Intern Med
1998; 128:127—137.

11. Ershler WB, Sun WH, Binkley N. The role

of interleukin6 in certain agerelated disease.
Drug Aging 1994; 5: 358—365.

12. Rifai N, Tracy RP, Ridker PM. Clinical ef

ficacy of an automated highsensitivity Creactive
protein assay. Clin Chem 1999; 45: 2136—2141.

13. Roberts WL, Sedrick R, Moulton L, et al.

Evaluation of four automated highsensitive C
reactive protein methods; implications for clinical
and epidemiological applications. Clin Chem
2000; 46: 461—468.

14. Александрова ЕН, Новиков АА, Насонов

ЕЛ. Высокочувствительные методы опреде
ления Среактивного белка (обзор). Принята
к печати.

15. Ockene IS, Mathews CD, Rifai N, et al.

Validity and classification accuracy of serial high
sensitive Creactive protein measurements in
healthy adults. Clin Chem 2001; 47: 444—450.

16. Насонов ЕЛ. Маркеры воспаления и ате

росклероз: значение Среактивного белка.
Кардиология, 1999; 2: 81—85.

17. Насонов ЕЛ, Панюкова Е.В, Александро

ва ЕН. Среактивный белок — маркер воспа
ления при атеросклерозе (новые данные). Кар
диология, 2002; 42: 53—60.

18. Ridker PM. Clinical application of Creac

tive protein for cardiovascular disease detection
and prevention. Circulation 2003; 107: 363—
369.

19. Mendall MA, Strachman DP, Butland BK,

et al. Creactive protein: relation to total mortal
ity, cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular

ГЛАВА 11. Иммунологические маркеры атеросклероза

Насонов Е.Л. Антифосфолипидный синдром

294

risk factors in man. Eur Heart J 2000; 21:
1584—1590.

20. Koening W, Sund M, Frohlich M, et al. C

reactive protein, a sensitive marker of inflamma
tion, predict future risk of coronary heart disease
in initially healthy middleaged men. Results from
MONICA (Monitoring Trends and Determinants
in Cardiovascular Disease) Ausburg Cohort study,
1984 to 1992. Circulation 1999; 99: 237—242.

21. Ridker P, Hennekens C, Buring JE, Rifai

N. Creactive protein and other markers of
inflammation in the prediction of cardiovascular
disease in women. N Engl J Med 2000; 342:
836—843.

22. Ridker P, Rifai N, Clearfield M et al.

Measurement of Creactive protein for the targer
ing of statin therapy in the primary prevention of
acute coronary events. N Engl J Med 2001; 344:
1959—1965.

23. Ridker PM, Stampfer MJ, Rifai N. Novel

risk factors for systemic atherosclerosis: a compar
ison of Creactive protein, fibrinogen, homocys
tein, lipoprotein(a), and standart cholesterol
screening as predictors of peripheral arterial dis
ease. JAMA 2001; 285: 2481—2485.

24. Tracy RP, Lemaitre RN, Psaty BM, et al.

Relationship of Creactive protein to risk of car
diovascular disease in the elderly: results from the
Cardiovascular Health Study and the Rural
Health Promotion Project. Atheroscler Thromb
Vasc Biol 1997; 17: 1121—1127.

25. Danesh J, Whincup PM, Walker M, et al.

Low grade inflammation and coronary heart dis
ease: prospective study and updated metaanaly
sis. Br Med J 2000; 321: 199—204.

26. Pradhan AD, Manson JE, Rossouw JE, et

al. Inflammatory biomarkers, hormone replace
ment therapy, and incident coronary heart dis
ease: prospective analysis from the Women`s
Health Initiative observational study. JAMA
2002; 336: 973—979.

27. Ridker PM, Rifai N, Stampfer MJ,

Hennekens CH. Plasma concentration of inter
leukin6 and the risk of future myocardial infarc
tion among apparently healthy men. Circulation
2000; 101: 1767—1772.

28. Albert MA, Danielson E, Rifai N, et al.

Effects of statin therapy on Creactive protein lev
els: the pravastatin inflammation/CRP evaluation

(PRINCE): a randomized trial and cohort study.
JAMA 2001; 286: 64—70.

29. Kuller LH, Tracy RP, Shaten J, et al. for

MRFIT research group. Relationship of Creac
tive protein and coronary heart disease in the
MRFIT nested casecontrol study. Am J
Epidemiol 1996; 144:537—547.

30. Biasucci L., Liuzzo G., Grillo R., et al.

Elevated levels of Creactive protein at discharge
in patients with unstable angina predict recurrent
instability. Circulation 1999; 99: 855—860.

31. Haverkate F, Thompson SG., Pyke SDM, et

al. Production of Creactive protein and risk of
coronary events in stable and unstable angina.
Lancet 1997; 349: 462—466.

32. Heescheh C, Hamm CW, Bruemmer J, et al.

Predictive value of Creactive protein and tro
ponin T in patients with unstable angina: a com
parative analysis. CAPTURE Investigators.
Chimeriv c7E3 AntiPlatelet Therapy in Unstable
angina Refractory to standart treatment trial. J
Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 35: 1535—1542.

33. Mueller C, Buettner HJ, Hodgson KM, et al.

Inflammation and longterm mortality after non
ST elevation acute coronary syndrome treated
with a very early invasive strategy in 1042 consec
utive patients. Circulation 2002; 105: 1412—
1415.

34. Sakkinen P, Abbott RD, Curd JD, et al. C

reactive protein and myocardial infarction. J Clin
Epidemiol 2002; 55: 445—451.

35. Zebrak JS, Anderson JL, Maycock CA, et

al. Usefulness of highsensitive Creactive protein
in predictive longterm risk of death or acute
myocardial infarction in patients with unstable or
stable angina pectoris or acute myocardial infarc
tion. Am J Cardiol 2002; 89: 145—149.

36. Winbeck K, Popper H, Etgen T, et al.

Prognostic relevance of early serial Creactive
protein measurement after first ischemic stroke.
Stroke 2002; 33: 2459—2464.

37. Ridker PM, Buring JE, Cook NR, et al. C

reactive protein, the methabolic syndrome, and
risk of incident cardiovascular events: an 8years
followup of 14719 initially healthy American
women. Circulation 2003; 107: 391—397.

38. Devaraj S, Xu DY, Jialal I. Creactive pro

tein increases plasminogen activator inhibitor1
expression and activity in human aortic endothe

295

lial cells: implications for the metabolic syndrome
and atherothrombosis. Circulation 2003; 107:
398—404.

39. Ridker PM, Buring JE, Cook NR, et al. C

reactive protein, the metabolic syndrome, anf risk
of incident cardiovascular events: an 8year fol
lowup of 14719 initially healthy American
women. Circulation 2003; 107: 391—397.

40. Pearson TA, Mensah GA, Alexander RW, et

al. Markers of inflammation and cardiovascular
disease: application to clinical and public health
practice: a statement for healthcare professionals
from the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention and the American Heart Association.
Circulation 2003; 107: 499—511.

41. Executive Summary of The Third Report of

THE National Cholesterol Education Program
(NCEP) Expert Panel on detection, evaluation,
and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults
(Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA 2001; 285:
2486—2497.

42. Malle E, De Beer FC. Human serum amy

loid A ptotein: a promising acutephase reactant
for clinical practice. Eur J Clin Invest 1996; 26:
427—435.

43. Morrow DL, Rifai N, Antman EM, et al.

Serum amyloid A predictive early mortality in
acute coronary syndrome: a TIMI 11A substudy.
J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 35: 358—362.

44. Volpato S, Guralnik JM, Ferrucci L, et al.

Cardiovascular disease, interleukin6, and risk of
mortality in older women. The Women`s Health
and aging Study. Circulation 2001; 103: 947—
953.

45. Harris TB, Ferrucci I, Traxy RP, et al.

Associations of elevated interleukin6 and C
reactive protein levels with mortality in the elder
ly. Am J Med 1999; 106: 506—512.

46. Biasucci LM, Vielli A, Liuzzo G. Elevated

levels of IL6 in unstable anginaю. Circulation
1996; 94: 874—877.

47. Biasucci LM, Liuzzo G, Fantuzzi G, et al.

Increasing levels of interleukin (IL)Ra and
interleukin6 during first 2 days of hospitalization
in unstable angina are associated with increased
risk of inhospital coronary events. Circulation
1999; 98: 2079—2084.

48. Cusack M, Odemuyiwa S, Kamalvand K, et

al. Can systemic markers of inflammation accu

rately predict shortterm outcome in patients with
unstable coronary syndrome? J Amer Coll Cardiol
2001; 37 (Suppl.A): 359A.

49. Blankenberg S, Tiret L, Bickel C, et al.

Interleukin18 is a strong predictor of cardiovas
cular death in stable and unstable angina.
Circulation 2002; 106: 24—30.

50. Фукс Д, Самсонов МЮ, Насонов ЕЛ,

Беленков ЮН. Клиническое значение неопте
рина при заболеваниях человека. Терапевт.
архив, 1993; 5: 80—87.

51. Fuchs D. Neopterin. A massage from the

immune system. 1998. BRAHMS Diagnostic
GmbH.

52. Насонов ЕЛ, Самсонов М.Ю, Тилз Г,

Фукс Д. Неоптерин: новый иммунологический
маркер аутоиммунных ревматических забо
леваний. Клин. медицина, 2000; 8: 43—46.

53. Koglin J, Methe H, Brunner S. et al.

Expression of interferongammaproducing Th1
lymphocytes as a mechanism of progression in
acute coronary syndrome. Am J Cardiol 2001; 37:
317A—318A.

54. Liuzo G, Kopecky SL, Frye RL, et al.

Perturbation of the Tcell repertuar in patients
with unstable angina. Circulation 1999; 100:
2135—2139.

55. Weiss G, Willei J, Kiechl S, et al. Increased

concentrations of neopterin in carotid atheroscle
rosis. Atherosclerosis 1994; 106: 263—271.

56. Schumacher M, Halwachs G, Tatzber F, et

al. Increased neopterin in patients with chronic
and acute coronary syndrome. J Amer Coll
Cardiol 1997; 30: 703—707.

57. GarciaMoll N, Coccolo, Cole D, et al.

Serum neopterin and complex stenosis morpholo
gy in patients with unstable angina. J Amer Coll
Cardiol 2000; 35: 956—962.

58. Tatzler F, Rabl H, Koriska K, et al.

Elevated serum neopterin levels in atherosclero
sis. Atherosclerosis 1991; 89: 203—208.

59. Schuacher M, Eber B, Tatzber F, et al.

Neopterin levels in patients with coronary artery
disease. Atherosclerosis 1992; 94: 87—88.

60. Erren M, Reinecke H, Junker, et al.

Systemic inflammatory parameters in patients
with atherosclerosis of the coronary and peripher
al arteries. Arterioscler Thromb Biol 1999; 19:
2355—2363. 

ГЛАВА 11. Иммунологические маркеры атеросклероза

Насонов Е.Л. Антифосфолипидный синдром

296

61. Melichar B, Gregor J, Solochova D, et al.

Increased urinary neopterin in acute myocardial
infarction. Clin Chem 1994; 40: 38—339.

62. Gupta S, Fredericks S, Schwartzman RA, et

al. Serum neopterin in acute coronary syndrome.
Lancet 1997; 349: 1252—1253.

63. Gurfinkel EP, Scirica BM. Borovich G, et

al. Serum neopterin levels and the angiographic
extent of coronary arterial narrowing in instable
angina pectoris and in nonQ wave acute
myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1999; 83:
515—518.

64. Sshonbeck U, Varo N, Libby P, Buring J,

Ridler PM. Soluble CD40L and cardiovascular
risk in women. Circulation 2001; 104: 2266—
2268.

65. Heescher C, Dimmeler S, Hamm CW, et al.

Soluble CD40 ligand in acure coronary syn
drome. New Engl J Med 2003; 348: 1104—1111.

66. Varo N, de Lemos JA, Libby P, et al. So

luble CD40L. Risl prediction after acute coronary
syndrome. Circulation 2003; 108: 1049—1052.

67. Gearing A, Newman W. Circulating adhe

sion molecules in disease. Immunol Today 1993;
14: 506—512. 

68. Насонов ЕЛ, Баранов АА, Шилкина

НП. Маркеры активации эндотелия (тром
бомодулин, антиген фактора Виллебранда и
ангиотензинпревращающий фермент): кли
ническое значение. Клин. медицина, 1998; 11:
4—10.

69. Mannucci PM. Von Willebrand factor. A

marker of endothelial damage? Arteriolscler
Thromb Vasc Biol 1998; 18: 1359—1362. 

70. Jang Y, Lincoff A, Plow E, Topol E. Cell

adhesion molecules in coronary artery disease. J
Am Coll Cardiol 1994; 24: 1591—1601.

71. Price DT, Loscalzo J. Cellular adhesion

molecules and atherogenesis. Am J Med 1999;
107: 85—97.

72. Blann AD, Lip GYH. Cell adhesion mole

cules in cardiovascular disease and its risk factors
— what can soluble levels tell us? J Clin
Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85: 1745—1747.

73. Virmani R, Kolodgie FD, Burke AP, et al.

Inflammation and coronary arthery disease. In:
Inflammation and cardiac disease. Ed. Feuer
stein GZ, Kibby P, Mann DL. 2003. Birkhauser
Verlag, 21—56.

74. Hillis GS, Flapan AD. Cell adhesion mole

cules in cardiovascular disease: a clinical per
spectives. Heart 1998; 79: 429—431.

75. Frijns CJM. Kapppelle LJ. Inflammatory

cell adhesion molecules in ischemic cerebrovascu
lar disease. Stroke 2002; 33: 2115—2122.

76. Price CJS, Warburton EA, Menon DK.

Human cellular inflammation in the pathology of
acute cerebral ischemia. J Neurol Neurosurg
Psychiatry 2003; 74: 1476—1484.

77. Ridker PM, Hennekers C, Roitman

Johnson B, Stampfer MJ, Allen J. Plasma con
centration of soluble intercellular adhesion mol
ecule 1 and risk of future myocardial infarction
in apparently healthy men. Lancet 1998; 351:
88—92.

78. Hwang SJ, Ballantyne CB, Sharrett AR, et

al. Circulating adhesion molecules VACM1,
ICAM1, and Eselectin in carotid atherosclero
sis and incidental coronary heart disease cases.
The Atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC)
study. Circulation 1997; 96: 4219—4225.

79. Blankenberg S, Rupprecht HJ, Bickel C, et

al. Level of vascular cell adhesion molecule
(sVCAM) and soluble intercellular adhesion mol
ecule (sICAM) predicr future cardiovascular mor
tality and myocardial infarction in patients with
angina pectoris. Circulation 2000; 102 (Supp l):
II—777.

80. Peter K, Nawroth P, Conradt C, et al.

Circulating vascular adhesion molecule1 corre
lated with the extent of human atherosclerosis in
contrast to circulating intercellular adhesion mol
ecule1, Eselectin, Рselectin, and trombomod
ulin. Arteriosclscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997; 17:
505—512. 

81. Rohde LE, Lee RT, Rivero J, et al.

Circulating cell adhesion molecules are correlated
with ultrasoundbased assessment of carotid ath
erosclerosis. Arteriosccl Thomb Vasc Biol 1998; 8:
1765—1770.

82. de Caterina R, Basta G, Lazzerini G, et

al. Soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule1 as
a biohumoral correlate of atherosclerosis.
Arteriolsckler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997; 7:
2646—2654.

83. Malik IC, Danesh J, Papacosta O, et al.

Prognostic value of soluble adhesion molecules in
predicting future CHD events: prospective data