Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. STANDARD CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS (PART 2 - ROAD STRUCTURES, 2020)

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SSPC

Society for Protective Coatings;

SSPC-SP 6/

Society for Protective Coatings, Commercial Blast Cleaning.

NACE No. 3

Table 27-1 presents American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)
and American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards that are related to materials for
railings. It also includes designations and titles.

Table 27-1: Designations and titles for AASHTO and ASTM standards that apply to railing

construction works

AASHTO
Designation

ASTM
Designation

Title

ASTM A307 - 10

Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs,
60 000 PSI Tensile Strength

ASTM A500 /
A500M - 10a

Standard Specification for Cold-Formed Welded and
Seamless Carbon Steel Structural Tubing in Rounds and
Shapes

AASHTO M
181-10

Standard Specification for Chain-Link Fence

ASTM A325 - 10

Standard Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat
Treated, 120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength

ASTM A53 /
A53M - 12

Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-
Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless

AASHTO M
111M/M 111-11

ASTM A123 /
A123M - 12

Standard Specification for Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized)
Coatings on Iron and Steel Products

AASHTO M
232M/M 232-10

ASTM A153 /
A153M - 09

Standard Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron
and Steel Hardware

ASTM A480 /
A480M - 12

Standard Specification for General Requirements for Flat-
Rolled Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel Plate, Sheet,
and Strip

ASTM A575 -
96(2007)

Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Merchant
Quality, M-Grades

ASTM B221 - 12

Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy
Extruded Bars, Rods, Wire, Profiles, and Tubes

ASTM A108 - 07

Standard Specification for Steel Bar, Carbon and Alloy,
Cold-Finished

ASTM B210 - 12

Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy
Drawn Seamless Tubes

ASTM B108 /
B108M - 12e1

Standard Specification for Aluminum-Alloy Permanent
Mold Castings

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AASHTO
Designation

ASTM
Designation

Title

ASTM B429 /
B429M - 10e1

Standard Specification for Aluminum-Alloy Extruded
Structural Pipe and Tube

ASTM
B483/B483M-03

Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy
Drawn Tube and Pipe for General Purpose Applications
(Withdrawn 2012)

AASHTO M193-
1980

Standard Specification for Cast Aluminum Alloy Railing
Posts

ASTM B209 - 10

Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy
Sheet and Plate

ASTM F594 -
09e1

Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Nuts

ASTM F593 -
02(2008)e1

Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Bolts, Hex Cap
Screws, and Studs

ASTM A240 /
A240M - 12

Standard Specification for Chromium and Chromium-
Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure
Vessels and for General Applications

ASTM A354 - 11

Standard Specification for Quenched and Tempered Alloy
Steel Bolts, Studs, and Other Externally Threaded
Fasteners

ASTM A1011 /
A1011M - 12a

Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, Hot-
Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy, High-
Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability, and Ultra-
High Strength

ASTM B766 -
86(2008)

Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of
Cadmium

ASTM A276 - 10

Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and
Shapes

ASTM B211 -
12e1

Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy
Rolled or Cold Finished Bar, Rod, and Wire

ASTM B26 /
B26M - 12

Standard Specification for Aluminum-Alloy Sand Castings

ASTM B43 - 09

Standard Specification for Seamless Red Brass Pipe,
Standard Sizes

ASTM B62 - 09

Standard Specification for Composition Bronze or Ounce
Metal Castings

ASTM B308 /
B308M - 10

Standard Specification for Aluminum-Alloy 6061-T6
Standard Structural Profiles

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AASHTO
Designation

ASTM
Designation

Title

ASTM B455 - 10

Standard Specification for Copper-Zinc-Lead Alloy
(Leaded-Brass) Extruded Shapes

ASTM B584 -
12a

Standard Specification for Copper Alloy Sand Castings for
General Applications

ASTM F2329 -
11

Standard Specification for Zinc Coating, Hot-Dip,
Requirements for Application to Carbon and Alloy Steel
Bolts, Screws, Washers, Nuts, and Special Threaded
Fasteners

27.2

Working Drawings Submission

Designs for all types of railings shall comply with the latest version of the AASHTO Load and
Resistance Factor Design LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, and Abu Dhabi Road Structures
Design Manual (AD-D-06). Unless railing details are shown in the Contract drawings or if required in
the Contract documents, the Contractor shall submit for the Engineer’s approval design calculations
that verify that railings provide the necessary rigidity, support all required loads, and satisfy specified
levels of testing as defined in Section 27.5.2, the Contract documents, the AASHTO LRFD Bridge
Design Specifications, and Road Structures Design Manual (ADQCC TR-516), as applicable.

The Contractor shall submit working drawings to the Engineer that cover the installation procedure
and assembly for the railing using proprietary railing systems. The Contractor shall submit shop
drawings for the Engin

eer’s approval for all railings.

The Contractor shall not perform any work on the railing before receiving approval for working
drawings from the Engineer. Such approval shall not relieve the Contractor of any responsibility
under the Contract documents for successful completion of the work.

In general appearance, railings shall be as shown on the Contract drawings and shall have the
approval of the Engineer.

A professional structural design engineer shall design, sign, and seal the Contr

actor’s calculations

and working drawings. The Contractor shall submit three sets of railing drawings and one set of
design calculations to the Engineer for approval.

The Contractor shall test each bridge railing in accordance with Section 27.5, and submit the test
results to the Owner for review and issuing acceptance letter.

The Contractor shall assume responsibility for conforming to these specifications and the Contract
plans, and shall include the following items in the submission to the Engineer:

The Manufacturer’s brochure on the proposed railing, showing physical dimensions for
components, installation procedures, material certifications

b.  Design calculations
c.  Presetting details
d.  Drawings that detail the railing

’s installation and indicate the lengths of component members.

e. Samples and test results.

27.3

Materials for Railings

All railing materials for which the Contract documents do not define specific requirements shall
comply with the requirements for applicable materials that are outlined in this section and the
following specifications:

•

Chapter 4, Concrete Works, in these

Standard Specifications

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•

Chapter 5, Reinforcing Steel, in these

Standard Specifications

•

Chapter 23, Steel Structures, in these

Standard Specifications.

•

Chapter 24, Painting, in these

Standard Specifications

•

Chapter 30, Miscellaneous Metal, in these

Standard Specifications

27.3.1

Aluminium Railing

For all parts of aluminium railings, except for anchor bolts, toggle bolts, and other miscellaneous
hardware, the Contractor shall use aluminium alloy that conforms to the requirements specified in
this section.

The Contractor shall furnish a certified report of test or analysis to the Engineer for the railing tubes,
cast and extruded shapes for posts, and anchor bolts. For miscellaneous hardware required to
complete installation of railing, such as (toggle bolts, washers, nuts, bolts, screws, pins, clamps, and
shims), the Contractor shall provide a certificate of compliance to the Engineer.

Dimensional tolerances for aluminium products shall conform to the requirements defined in the
ASTM’s Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Drawn Seamless Tubes (ASTM
B210 - 12).

27.3.1.1

Cast Aluminium Railing Posts

Materials for aluminium railing posts shall conform to the requirements

defined in AASHTO’s

Standard  Specification  for  Cast  Aluminum  Alloy  Railing  Posts  (AASHTO  M193-1980)  or
requirements  for  alloy  A  444.0  as  defined  in  ASTM’s  Standard  Specification  for  Aluminum-Alloy
Permanent Mold Castings (ASTM B108 / B108M - 12e1).

27.3.1.2

Extruded Pipe and Extruded or Drawn Tube for Aluminium

Railing

Extruded pipe or tube shall meet the requirements outlined in either

ASTM’s Standard Specification

for Aluminum-Alloy Extruded Structural Pipe and Tube (ASTM B429 / B429M - 10e1), or

ASTM’s

Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Extruded Bars, Rods, Wires, Profiles, and
Tubes (ASTM B221 - 12).

The Contractor shall ensure that the extruded finish of such tubing is free from nicks, blemishes, and
discoloration marks.

Drawn tube shall meet the requirements outlined in either

ASTM’s Standard Specification for

Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Drawn Tube and Pipe for General Purpose Applications (ASTM
B483/B483M-03), or

ASTM’s Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum- Alloy Drawn

Seamless Tubes (ASTM B210 - 12).

The Contractor shall use one of the following alloys for the aluminium railing system:

1. Alloy 6063-T52 shall be used where bending without heating is specified.
2. Alloy 6063-T832 shall be used for clear anodizing without discoloration or where very smooth

surface and high dimensional accuracy is required.

3. Alloy 6061-T6 shall be used where bending is not required and a yellowish tint when anodized

is acceptable by the Contract documents.

27.3.1.3

Shims for Aluminium Railing

Shim sizes shall match those shown in the Contract plans and shall be alloy 1100 that conforms to
the requirements outlined in ASTM’s Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy
Sheet and Plate (ASTM B209

– 10).

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27.3.1.4

Stainless Steel Nuts, Bolts, and Washers for Aluminium
Railing

Sizes for nuts, bolts, and washers shall be as shown on the Contract plans. Such materials shall
also conform to the following requirements:

Hex nuts

shall comply with the requirements outlined in

ASTM’s

Standard Specification for

Stainless Steel Nuts

(ASTM F594 - 09e1).

Hex bolts

and anchor bolts shall comply with the requirements for alloy groups 1, 2, or 3, as

outlined in

ASTM’s

Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Bolts, Hex Cap Screws, and

Studs

(ASTM F593 - 02(2008)e1).

Washers

shall be Type 304 that complies with the requirements outlined in

ASTM’s Standard

Specification for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for
Pressure Vessels and for General Applications (ASTM A240 / A240M - 12).

27.3.1.5

Plates for Aluminium Railing

Plates for aluminium railing shall by alloy 6061-T6 that conforms to the requirements outlined in
ASTM’s

Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and Plate

(ASTM B209 -

10).

27.3.1.6

Standard Structural Shapes for Aluminium Railing

Materials  for  standard  aluminium  structural  shapes  shall  conform  to  the  requirements  outlined  in
ASTM’s  Standard  Specification  for  Aluminum-Alloy  6061-T6  Standard  Structural  Profiles  (ASTM
B308 / B308M - 10).

27.3.1.7

Toggle Bolts for Aluminium Railing

Toggle bolts shall be steel that meets the requirements outlined in the Contract plans. Materials for
toggle bolts shall comply with the requirements of the following specifications:

a. Toggle bolts and pins shall be cold finished steel, heat-treated to Brinell hardness 311-363,

that complies with

ASTM’s

Standard Specification for Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel

Bolts, Studs, and Other Externally Threaded Fasteners

(ASTM A354 - 11).

Toggle washers

shall be a manufacturer’s standard washers of hot rolled steel that conforms

to the requirements outlined in ASTM

’s

Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip,

Hot-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy, High-Strength Low-Alloy with
Improved Formability, and Ultra-High Strength

(ASTM A1011 / A1011M - 12a).

c. Spacer nut shall be Grade 1213 steel that conforms with the requirements outlined in ASTM

A108 - 07. Spacer nuts shall also be cold finished steel that has been heat-treated as outlined
in

ASTM’s

Standard Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105 ksi

Minimum Tensile Strength

(ASTM A325 - 10).

The Contractor shall plate the complete assembly of toggle bolts in type III, class 12 cadmium that
meets

the requirements outlined in ASTM’s Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of

Cadmium (ASTM B766 - 86(2008)).

27.3.1.8

Miscellaneous Hardware for Aluminium Railing

Additional hardware for aluminium railing shall comply with the following specifications:

a. Stainless steel clamping bars shall be any type in the 300 series as described in the

Standard

Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes

(ASTM A276 - 10).

b. Stainless steel cap screws shall comply with the requirements for alloy groups 1, 2, or 3 as

outlined in

ASTM’s

Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Bolts, Hex Cap Screws, and

Studs

(ASTM F593 - 02(2008)e1).

c. Aluminium clamping bars shall be alloy 6061-T6 that conforms to the requirements outlined

ASTM’s

Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Rolled or Cold Finished

Bar, Rod, and Wire

(ASTM B211 - 12e1).

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d. Cast aluminium washers shall be alloy 356.0 that conforms to the requirements outlined in

ASTM’s

Standard Specification for Aluminum-Alloy Sand Castings

(ASTM B26 / B26M - 12).

e. Aluminium pins shall be alloy 6061-T6 that conforms to the requirements outlined in AS

TM’s

Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Rolled or Cold Finished Bar, Rod,
and Wire

(ASTM B211 - 12e1).

27.3.2

Steel Railing

Materials and fabrication of steel railings shall conform to the applicable requirements of Chapter 23,
Steel Structures, except that formed sections may be fabricated from mild steel and pipe sections
shall be of standard steel pipe. Nuts and bolts not designated as high strength shall conform to the
requirements

outlined in ASTM’s Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs, 60 000

PSI Tensile Strength (ASTM A307 - 10). Steel tubing shall conform to the requirements for grade B
steel outlined in ASTM’s Standard Specification for Cold-Formed Welded and Seamless Carbon
Steel Structural Tubing in Rounds and Shapes (ASTM A500 / A500M - 10a).

The Contractor shall furnish a certified report of test or analysis to the Engineer for the railing pipe,
plate beam and tubing, and the component parts of the posts and anchor bolts. For miscellaneous
hardware and objects required for completing the installation, the Contractor shall submit a certificate
of compliance to the Engineer.

27.3.2.1

Steel Pipe Railing

As specified in the Contract documents, rails and posts for pipe railing shall be galvanized or black,
round, steel pipe. Connections in architectural railing systems shall be made by welding unless
designated otherwise in the Contract documents.

a. Galvanized Steel Pipe and Fittings

Galvanized steel pipe and fittings shall be standard weight pipes that meet the requirements of
ASTM’s Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and
Seamless (ASTM A53 / A53M - 12). The Owner waives the requirement for hydrostatic testing for
such pipe.

b. Black Steel Pipe and Fittings

Black steel pipe and fittings shall be standard weight pipes that meet the requir

ements of ASTM’s

Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless
(ASTM A53 / A53M - 12). Class of pipe shall be as per the specified use required in the Contract
documents. The Owner waives the requirement for hydrostatic testing for such pipe.

27.3.2.2

Anchor Bolts for Steel Railing

Anchor bolts for anchoring steel railing to structures shall match the materials, sizes, and styles
shown on the Contract plans. The Contractor shall take the following actions regarding anchor bolts:

a. Provide regular hexagon nuts and standard flat washers.
b. Hot-dip zinc coat the upper 89 mm of anchor bolts, nuts, and washers as specified for class

C coat

ing in ASTM’s

Standard Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel

Hardware

(ASTM A153 / A153M - 09

) and supplemented by ASTM’s

Standard Specification

for Zinc Coating, Hot-Dip, Requirements for Application to Carbon and Alloy Steel Bolts,
Screws, Washers, Nuts, and Special Threaded Fasteners

(ASTM F2329 - 11).

c. Use only nuts and anchor bolts that have been manufactured with sufficient clearance to

allow nuts to run freely on the bolts after coating.

d. Apply a good grade of heavy grease to bolt threads before applying nuts.

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27.3.3

Metal Beam Railing

Metal beam rails, posts, and hardware shall conform to the requirements of Section 7.2 of Chapter
7, Incidental Construction, of these standard specifications, and in Section 606 of the AASHTO

’s

Guide Specifications for Highway Construction, 9th Edition, AASHTO GSH-9.

27.3.4

Stainless Steel Railing

Stainless steel pipe rails and posts shall be as indicated on the Contract drawings and shall be of
AISI type 316

stainless steel tubing that complies with ASTM’s Standard Specification for Steel Bars,

Carbon, Merchant Quality, M-Grades (ASTM A575 - 96(2007)). The Contractor may use Type 312
stainless steel, however, for curved corners.

27.3.5

Copper Alloys Railing

"Bronze" pipe railing systems shall be fabricated from drawn, seamless red brass (Alloy C23000)
pipe. This alloy shall nominally contain 85% copper, 15% zinc, and shall conform to ASTM B43 - 09.
For architectural applications it shall be supplied in special untrademarked 6 m lengths with markings
of size, weight and manufacturer along each length.

Architectural bronze (Alloy C38500) conforming to ASTM B455 - 10 shall be used for bars, standard
shapes and special shapes such as handrail moldings.

Alloy C23000 pipe in the standard light annealed temper shall be bent to the radii specified in the
Contract documents. Returns and offsets shall be provided by mitering and welding or by the use of
flush fittings. The standard pipe sizes, Alloy C23000 pipe shall be compatible with standard cast
fittings. Leaded red brass (Alloy C83600) shall be specified for sand castings. This alloy, also
identified as ingot No. 115, shall conform to ASTM B62 - 09 and ASTM B584 - 12a, and shall have
nominal composition of 85% copper, 5% lead, 5% tin and 5% zinc.

27.3.6

Concrete Railing

All concrete railing and parapet materials shall conform to the applicable requirements of Chapter 4,
Concrete Works, Chapter 21, Concrete Structures, and Chapter 5, Reinforcing Steel.

Unless specified otherwise in the Contract documents or Contract drawings, the concrete at railings
shall be of the class C40/20.

27.3.7

Screening for Railings

For railing tubular screening, the Contractor shall provide the following materials:

a. Type IV, class B chain link fence fabric with a bonded polyvinyl chloride (PVC) coating that

conforms to

AASHTO’s

Standard Specification for Chain-Link Fence

(AASHTO M 181-10).

b. Fabric woven of 9-gauge wire in 25 mm diamond pattern mesh with both the top and bottom

selvages knuckled.

c. PVC-coated ties and tension bars that conform to AASHTO M 181-10.

The Contractor shall ensure that all fencing components match the colour of the railing framework
materials in accordance with the Contract plans.

27.4

Construction Requirements for Railings

27.4.1

General

Before ordering or fabricating material for railing construction, the Contractor shall submit working
drawings including shop drawings for the Engineer

’s approval in accordance with Section 27.2. The

shop drawings shall show all splice locations and details. Railings shall be spliced only as provided
on the Contract plans, and specified in this chapter.

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Before erecting railing, the Contractor shall swing the bridge spans free from falsework or formwork.
During construction, the Contractor shall ensure that expansion joints in the railing will function
properly after the railing is installed.

The Contractor shall make the railings line and grade true, with no any unevenness such as may
exist in a sidewalk or wall that supports the railing. Unless the Contract plans require otherwise, the
Contractor shall construct the railing with the posts normal to the grade of the structure.

The Contractor shall fabricate all aluminium and steel railings and post panels in sections that
conform to the details shown in the Contract plans. They shall field-verify lines and grades. Adjacent
sections shall be fabricated so that they will accurately engage each other in the field. The Contractor
shall match mark each pair of sections so they can be erected in the same position in which they
were fabricated.

The Contractor shall fabricate all aluminium and steel rail elements that are included as part of the
railing system to the dimensions and cross-sections shown on the Contract plans and within a
tolerance of 6 mm per 3 metres in the straightness of either edge. The Contractor shall joint and
connect rail elements to the rail posts as shown on the Contract plans, lapping rail elements in the
direction of traffic in the adjacent lane.

Before fixing aluminium and steel railings in place, the Contractor shall carefully adjust them to
ensure proper matching at abutting joints, correct alignment, and accurate camber throughout each
railing’s entire length.

Unless the Contract plans specify otherwise, the Contractor shall set anchor bolts in the supporting
concrete during concrete placement. The Contractor shall place the anchor bolts in a way that
provides correct and true railing alignment. Anchor bolt depths shall ensure that bolts do not project
through the completed work more than 10 mm beyond nuts.

If required to set anchor bolts in holes drilled in concrete, the Contractor shall use bolts with
expansion sleeves of a type that has been approved by the Engineer. The Contractor shall place
bolts and expansion sleeves in drilled holes and the firmly anchor bolts before tightening nuts to their
final positions.

The Contractor shall place any shims that the Contract plans require under each railing post, each
end base plate of pipe, and each structural steel railing.

27.4.2

Constructing Aluminium Railing

Aluminium railing system connections shall be made by bending, by mitering and welding, or by
using standard fittings.

When systems are assembled by welding, the Contractor shall weld railings in compliance with
ANSI/AWS D1.2/D1.2M:2003, Structural Welding Code

– Aluminum. Alloy 5356 filler wire shall be

used to minimize discoloration if anodizing the assembly is specified in the Contract documents.
Either Alloy 4043 or Alloy 5356 filler wire shall be used for mill finish or organic coatings but Alloy
4043 shall not be used for anodizing. Welds shall be ground, polished and blended. It must be
remembered that welding removes temper and reduces strength within 25.4 mm of the weld.

If mill finish is specified in the Contract documents for the aluminium railing, the mill finish shall be
followed by anodizing with bronze being the colour used.

Architectural Class I finish, which has a minimum anodic coating thickness of 0.7 mills shall be used
for the railing systems. The types of anodic coatings to be used are listed below in Table 27-2.

Table 27-2: Types of anodic coatings

Type of Anodic Coating

AA -

Aluminum Association’s

Designations for Class I

Clear (Natural) Anodized

A41

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Type of Anodic Coating

AA -

Aluminum Association’s

Designations for Class I

Integral Colour Anodized

A42

Electrolytically Deposited Color Anodized

A44

All  exposed  welds  shall  be  finished  by  grinding  or  filing  to  give  a  smooth  surface.  Welding  of
aluminium materials shall be done by an inert gas shielded, electric arc welding process using no
welding  flux.  The  Contractor  shall  not  torch-cut  or  flame-cut  aluminium.  Fabrication  of  aluminium
railing  shall  comply  with  requirements  outlined  in  Section  27.4.1  and  the  specifications  of  the
Aluminum Association’s Aluminum Design Manual, Latest Edition, (AA ADM-1).

The Contractor shall blast clean or polish and burnish cast posts to ensure that finished castings
have surfaces of consistent texture and a smooth, uniform appearance.

Before  laying  out  or  working  on  aluminium  materials,  the  Contractor  shall  ensure  that  they  are
straight. If straightening is necessary, the Contractor shall not mar the rails appearance or weaken
the strength of the metal. To facilitate bending or straightening, the Contractor may heat aluminium
materials  other  than  castings  to  a  temperature  up  to  204°  C  for  no  more  than  30  minutes.  The
Engineer shall reject material with sharp kinks and bends.

The Contractor shall store aluminium railing above the ground on platforms, skids, or other suitable
supports. Materials shall be protected from moisture and kept free from oil, grease, dirt, and contact
with dissimilar metals until the railing is complete.

The Contractor shall neatly finish those portions of the railing that are exposed to view. When
handling, shipping, and erecting railing material, the Contractor shall not scratch, dent, or otherwise
degrade a railing’s durability or appearance.

Where aluminium alloys come in contact with other metals or concrete, the Contractor shall either
thoroughly coat contacting surfaces with a dielectric aluminium-impregnated caulking compound or
place a synthetic rubber gasket between the two surfaces.

27.4.3

Constructing Steel Railings

Steel railing construction shall comply with the applicable requirements outlined in Chapter 23, Steel
Structures, except as specified otherwise in this section.

Connections in steel railing systems shall be made by welding unless designated otherwise in the
Contract documents or Contract plans.

The Contractor shall weld railings in compliance with AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2010, Bridge
Welding Code, and the specifications in Sections 23.4.11 and 23.6.10 of Chapter 23, Steel
Structures.

27.4.3.1

Type of Joint Construction

Depending upon the usage of the railing system, the desired appearance of the joints varies
considerably. Figure 27-1 presents four types of joint construction that are described as follows:

•

Type 1: Ornamental quality - used where appearance is a critical factor

•

Type 2: Weld of good appearance used in areas of traffic - where highly ornamental quality

is not required

•

Type 3: Used in areas where it is not subject to view - as in service stairs

•

Type 4: Acceptable when appearance is not a factor - used in industrial and non public areas.

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Figure 27-1: Types of railing system Joint construction

Unless designated otherwise in the Contract documents or Contract plans, the Contractor shall
furnish Type 2 of joint construction complying with NOMMA Guideline 1, Voluntary Joint Finish
Guidelines, developed by the National Ornamental & Miscellaneous Metals Association (NOMMA).

27.4.3.2

Fabrication

Pipe rails and pipe posts shall conform to the Contract plan details The Contractor shall saw the
vertical members of the railing to length, without shearing them. Pipe and tubular steel railing shall
be fabricated according to the Contract plan details.

The Contractor shall use screw fittings or welds to join the posts and rails together, as shown on the
Contract plans. The Contractor shall grind welded joints to a smooth finish. Pipe rails shall not be
spliced with screw fittings between the posts.

27.4.3.3

Casting

The Contractor shall provide permanent mould castings of the materials specified. Such castings
shall be true to pattern in form and dimension and of uniform quality and condition. Castings shall
be free from cracks and defects, such as blowholes, porosity, hard-spots, or shrinkage, that could
affect their suitability for use. The Contractor shall repair minor defects in aluminium castings by an
approved inert gas-welding process. They shall ensure that finished castings are free of burrs, fins,
discoloration, and mould marks, with a uniform appearance and texture.

The Contractor shall produce castings under radiographic control that is sufficient to establish and
verify that the product is free from harmful internal defects. When heat-treating is required, the
Contractor shall heat-treat the entire lot of castings to the specified temper.

The Contractor shall permanently mark the heat or lot number on the web or top of the base of all
castings. The Contractor shall furnish mill test reports that indicate the heat or lot number, chemical
composition, tensile strength, elongation, and number of pieces for each casting heat or lot. For
aluminium castings, the heat or lot should consist of no more than 4.45 kN of trimmed castings when
produced from batch type furnaces, or 8.90 kN when produced from a continuous furnace within 8
or fewer consecutive hours. The Contractor shall furnish the entire number of acceptable posts cast
from each heat or lot, except when a portion is required to complete the Project.

27.4.3.4

Finish

As specified in the Contract documents, the steel pipe and tabular railing system shall be either
finished by painting in the field, over a shop applied prime coat, or galvanized after completing its
fabrication.

Unless the Contract documents specify otherwise, the Contractor shall zinc coat the pipe and tubular
steel railings as specified in

AASHTO’s Standard Specification for Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized)

Coatings on Iron and Steel Products (AASHTO M 111M/M 111-11) or (ASTM A123 / A123M - 12).
Galvanizing of nuts

and bolts shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO’s Standard Specification

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for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel Hardware (AASHTO M 232M/M 232-10) or (ASTM A153
/ A153M - 09). Before applying zinc coating, the Contractor shall blast clean the steel railing
according to Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC) requirements for SSPC-SP 6 sand blasting, as
outlined in SSPC-SP 6/NACE No. 3, Commercial Blast Cleaning. Minor abrasions to galvanized
surfaces shall be repaired with zinc-rich paint. After erection, all sharp protrusions shall be removed
and the railing cleaned of discolouring foreign materials.

Damaged galvanized surfaces may be repaired, only if so approved by the Engineer. Such surfaces
shall be repaired by thoroughly wire brushing and then by applying 2 coats of an approved zinc-dust
zinc-oxide primer.

When painting is specified in the Contract documents, the type and coating shall conform to the
requirements of Section 24.3 of Chapter 24, Painting, or requirements specified in the Contract
documents.

27.4.3.5

Shipping and Handling

When shipping, handling, and erecting the zinc-coated pipe and tubular steel railing, the Contractor
shall avoid scratching or marring the spelter coating. The Contractor shall repair damaged zinc
coating in accordance with the specifications in Article 24.3.10.7 of Chapter 24, Painting.

Rail elements to be erected within a radius of 45 metres or less shall be shaped in the shop. The
Contractor shall stencil the radius of curvature on the back of each section of rail. Rail elements shall
be designed to be spliced in the direction of traffic flow at intervals of 4 or 8 metres. Such splices
shall be made at posts, unless the Contract documents show otherwise.

27.4.4

Constructing Stainless Steel Railing

Care must be taken in fabricating, finishing and maintaining stainless steel to avoid contamination
and rust stains. Grease, dirt, and other foreign matter are some of the sources of discoloration under
the effects of weathering.

The  completed  hand  rail  shall  have  a  No.  2B  surface  finish  that  complies  with  the  requirements
outlined in ASTM’s Standard Specification for General Requirements for Flat-Rolled Stainless and
Heat-Resisting  Steel  Plate,  Sheet,  and  Strip  (ASTM  A480  /  A480M  -  12).  Unless  the  Contract
drawings indicate otherwise, all posts and railings shall be 38 mm nominal (48 mm outside diameter)
stainless  steel  with  16  gauge  wall  thickness.  Where  possible,  the  handrail  shall  have  a  shop-
fabricated length of at least 6 metres.

Welding stainless steel railings shall comply with AWS D 1.6/D 1.6M: 2007, Structural Welding Code
- Stainless Steel.

27.4.5

Constructing Copper Alloys Railing

The  railing  pipe  shall  be  pre-finished  before  fabricating.  Finishes  shall  be  either  satin  or  brushed
(directional textured) and shall be achieved through the use, either singly or progressively, of No.
80, 180 and 220 grit abrasive. Following pre-finishing, the pipe shall be covered with strippable tape,
a  spray-applied  strippable  coating,  or  other  suitable  means,  for  protection  during  fabricating
operations.  After  assembly,  the  protective  covering  shall  be  removed,  and  the  completed  railing
system shall be given its final finish.

The  natural  golden  colour  of  Alloy  C23000  normally  darkens  by  oxidation  upon  exposure  to  the
atmosphere. To protect the natural color, immediately following mechanical finishing the completed
railing  system  sections  shall  be  coated  with  acrylic  or  clear  lacquer.  The  Contractor  shall  use
"Incralac"  as  a  clear  lacquer  that  has  been  developed  by  the  International  Copper  Research
Association  specifically  for  use  on  copper  alloys.  The  Copper  Development  Association  has
additional  information on this type of coating.  The Contractor shall use wax to protect the natural
colour. The natural weathering process shall be accelerated by chemical conversion treatments. Of
these treatments, the aqueous sulfide solutions, which produce the "statuary bronze" finishes, shall
be required for the copper railing systems.

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27.4.6

Constructing Concrete Railing

Concrete railing (barrier) and parapet construction shall comply with the requirements outlined in the
following chapters of these standard specifications:

•

Chapter 1, General Requirements

•

Chapter 4, Concrete Works

•

Chapter 5, Reinforcing Steel

•

Chapter 21, Concrete Structures

Reinforced concrete traffic barriers on structures shall be cast-in-place, as indicated on the Contract
drawings, as specified in this section, and as directed by the Engineer.

To construct other concrete railings, depending on their design, the Contractor may apply either the
cast-in-place method, the precast method, or (when approved by the Engineer) the slip form method.
When using slip forms, the Contractor shall provide sensor control for both line and grade.

Barrier contraction joints shall reside at intervals not more than 6.0 metres, except as directed by the
Engineer.

In  addition  to  meeting  the  requirements  indicated  on  the  Contract  drawings  and  specified  in  this
section, the Contractor shall construct all concrete barriers and parapets on the bridge deck after
completing  post-tensioning  operations.  All  concrete  barriers  and  parapets  shall  be  constructed  in
agreement  with  the  lines,  shapes,  dimensions,  profiles,  and  details  indicated  on  the  Contract
drawings.

Forms shall be smooth and tight fitting. Their design shall enable the Contractor to hold them rigidly
to line and grade during concrete placement and to move them readily without damaging green
concrete. The Contractor shall not remove forms until adequate measures to protect and cure the
concrete are in place and the concrete has sufficient strength to prevent surface or other damage
that removal of a form may cause.

All form detail work shall comply with the requirements specified in Section 1.20.8 of Chapter 1,
General Requirements.

The Contractor shall construct forms so that the railing’s line and grade can be checked after
concrete has been placed but before it has reached initial set. The Contractor shall not disturb the
form’s alignment during finish floating of the railing tops. When performing other construction
activities, the Contractor shall avoid disturbing or vibrating a span that has newly placed railing.

Finish for railings constructed with fixed forms shall be Class 2 - Rubbed Finish. Finish for railings
constructed with slip forms and for temporary railings shall be Class 1 - Ordinary Finish.

Junction boxes and electrical conduit shall be embedded in the concrete barriers as indicated on the
Contract plans. The Contractor shall coordinate the placement of the junction boxes and the
electrical conduit in the concrete barriers with precast facing panels, and bollards and in the box
girders and walls.

27.4.7

Constructing Screening for Railings

The screen fencing component

’s colour shall match the colour of railing framework materials before

framework has been painted. The Contractor shall install chain link screening fence fabric that
conforms to the Contract plan details. The Contractor shall touch up any painted framework surfaces
that have been marred during the installation of fencing.

27.4.8

Welding for Railings

The Contractor shall visually inspect and certify the quality of field welds. The Contractor's inspector
shall be either an AWS certified welding inspector (CWI) or an individual that the Owner approves
as  competent  to  perform  such  inspections.  The  Contractor's  inspector  shall  complete  a  standard
inspection  form  for  each  structure  and  submit  these  forms  to  the  Engineer  for  inclusion  in  the
permanent Project record.

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27.4.9

Storing Construction Materials for Railings

The Contractor shall store railing materials above the ground on platforms, skids, or other supports,
and keep them free from grease, dirt, and contact with dissimilar metals. The Contractor shall avoid
scratching, marring, denting, discolouring, or otherwise damaging rails and railing materials.

27.4.10

Constructing Temporary Railings

Temporary  railings  shall  be  constructed  of  materials  and  to  the  details  specified  in  the  Contract
documents.  Railings  shall  be  properly  joined  and  aligned  at  the  required  locations.  Temporary
precast barriers shall be installed on a solid base. The temporary railing shall be maintained in first-
class  condition  and  shall  not  be  removed  until  all  work  requiring  the  railing  has  been  completed.
Previously used units may be employed if they are clean and undamaged. After removal, temporary
railing shall continue to be the C

ontractor’s property.

27.5

Testing and Acceptance of Railings

27.5.1

General

All materials incorporated into railings shall be sampled, tested, and evaluated to verify the material
requirements.

The Contractor shall use only components that comply with the manufacturer's specifications, and
the requirement of these specifications.

Copies of certificates of guarantee and test reports shall be provided for the components of each
railing system that is manufactured off site.

27.5.2

Bridge Railing Test

Bridge railings are very important components of the roadway safety and play an important role in
preventing and mitigating crashes. Since the primary purpose of the bridge railing is to prevent
penetration, it must be strong enough to redirect an impacting vehicle.

The Owner requires all bridge railings used on the Project to meet full-scale crash criteria as per
AASHTO Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH) or National Cooperative Highway
Research Program Report 350 - Recommended Procedures for the Safety Performance Evaluation
of Highway Features (NCHRP350). The test criteria are documented in MASH and NCHRP350.

The Contractor is required to test each bridge railing according to the evaluation criteria, and submit
the test results to the Owner for review and issuing acceptance letter.

The test criteria describe six levels of testing and crashworthiness ratings. Test Levels 1-3 are based
on impacts from light vehicles such as passenger cars and light trucks. Test Levels 4-6 contain
additional tests for bridge railings designed to contain and redirect heavy vehicles such as buses
and larger trucks. All new or replacement bridge railing on the Project shall meet the crash-test
criteria for the test level designated in the Contract documents as a minimum.

Standards  for  design  of  bridge  railings  are  presented  in  Chapter  13  of  the  AASHTO  Load  and
Resistance  Factor  Design  (LRFD)  Bridge  Design  Specifications,  and  Road  Structures  Design
Manual (ADQCC TR-516). Railings on newly constructed bridges and replacement railing should be
constructed  to  these  standards.  However,  repair  or  retrofit  of  an  existing  railing  system  that  has
previously been found acceptable does not require further testing.

27.5.3

Crash Testing Policy

To be acceptable bridge railing must be crash tested and comply with the acceptance criteria as set
out in Section 27.5.2. The Owner may also accept bridge railings if they can be evaluated as being
both geometrically and structurally equal to a compliant crash-tested system certified to have meet
the Evaluation Criteria in Section 27.5.2.

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27.6

Spares for Railings

The Contractor shall provide spares for railings in accordance with the quantities indicated in the
Contract plans or specified in the particular specifications or Contract documents. All spare railing
units shall comply with all applicable Contract document requirements and the specifications outlined
in this chapter.

The Contractor shall suitably box and crate all spare units and place them in storage locations
designated by the Owner. All spare units shall be identical to and by the same manufacturer as units
approved by the Engineer for the Project.

The Contractor shall provide all labour, tools, equipment, and appurtenances needed to carefully
transport, unload, and store all spares. No materials, boxes, or crates shall be stored directly on the
ground or any similar horizontal surface. The Contractor shall provide all wood, concrete, or other
materials that have been approved as blocking by the Engineer under all materials, boxes, or crates.
All materials, crates, and boxes shall be suitably identified in accordance with the Contract
requirements.

27.6.1

Constructing Spares for Railings

All spare metal railing units shall be constructed in accordance with the details indicated on the
Contract drawings, shop drawings (that have been approved by the Engineer), and specifications in
this chapter.

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NDEX

aluminium, 27-1, 27-5, 27-6, 27-7, 27-9, 27-

10, 27-11

anchorage, 27-1
appearance, 27-4, 27-10, 27-11
appurtenances, 27-15
bridges, 27-1, 27-14
clamps, 27-5
concrete, 27-1, 27-8, 27-9, 27-10, 27-13, 27-

concrete barriers, 27-13
crashworthiness ratings, 27-14
culverts, 27-1
Damaged galvanized surfaces, 27-12
Department of Transport, ii
Design calculations, 27-4
Dimensional tolerances, 27-5
discoloration marks, 27-5
electrical conduit, 27-13

equipment, 27-15
Evaluation Criteria, 27-14
extruded shapes, 27-5
fittings, 27-7, 27-8, 27-9, 27-11
full-scale crash criteria, 27-14
initial set, 27-13
Junction boxes, 27-13
labour, 27-15
miscellaneous hardware, 27-5, 27-7
nuts, 27-5, 27-6, 27-7, 27-9, 27-11
painting, 27-11, 27-12
pedestrian railings, 27-1
permanent mould castings, 27-11
pins, 27-5, 27-6, 27-7
Plates, 27-6
posts, 27-5, 27-7, 27-8, 27-9, 27-10, 27-11,

27-12

Presetting details, 27-4
railing tubes, 27-5
railings line and grade, 27-9
roadway safety, 27-14
screening, 27-8, 27-13
screws, 27-5, 27-6
Seamless, 27-2, 27-3, 27-5, 27-7
shims, 27-5, 27-9
spare railing units, 27-15
Stainless, 27-1, 27-2, 27-3, 27-6, 27-8, 27-12
steel, 27-1, 27-6, 27-7, 27-8, 27-9, 27-10, 27-

11, 27-12

Steel tubing, 27-7
structural shapes, 27-6
Temporary railings, 27-14
toggle bolts, 27-5, 27-6
traffic barriers, 27-1, 27-13
types of joint construction, 27-10
vertical members, 27-11
walls, 27-1, 27-13
washers, 27-5, 27-6, 27-7
welded joints, 27-11

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Chapter 28: Waterproofing

ABLE OF

ONTENTS

Table of Contents............................................................................................................................. i

List of Tables .................................................................................................................................. ii

Waterproofing .................................................................................................................. 28-1

28.1

Reference Standards and Codes ................................................................................. 28-1

28.2

Type A Waterproofing Membranes .............................................................................. 28-5

28.2.1

Submittals for Type A Membranes ........................................................................ 28-5

28.2.2

Delivery, Storage, and Handling of Type A Membranes ........................................ 28-5

28.2.3

Type A Waterproofing Materials ............................................................................ 28-6

28.2.3.1

Waterproof Membrane ................................................................................... 28-6

28.2.3.2

Bituminous Mastic .......................................................................................... 28-7

28.2.3.3

Primer ............................................................................................................ 28-7

28.2.3.4

Protection Board ............................................................................................ 28-7

28.2.4

Application of Type A Waterproofing Membrane ................................................... 28-7

28.2.4.1

Application of Type A Membrane to Concrete ................................................ 28-7

28.2.4.2

Installation of Asphalt Protection Board Courses ........................................... 28-8

28.2.4.3

Repairs to Type A Waterproofing Membranes ............................................... 28-8

28.3

Type B Waterproofing Membranes .............................................................................. 28-8

28.3.1

Submittals for Type B Waterproofing Membranes ................................................. 28-9

28.3.2

Delivery, Storage, and Handling of Type B Membranes ........................................ 28-9

28.3.3

Type B Sheet Applied Waterproofing Materials ................................................... 28-10

28.3.3.1

Application of Type B Sheet Applied Waterproofing Membranes ................. 28-11

28.3.3.2

Surface Preparation for Type B Sheet Applied Waterproofing Membranes .. 28-11

28.3.3.3

Compartmented Loosely Laid Sheet Installation .......................................... 28-12

28.3.3.4

Mechanical Bonded System Installation ....................................................... 28-12

28.3.3.5

Field Quality Control for Type B Sheet Applied ............................................ 28-13

28.3.3.6

Protection and Cleaning for Type B Sheet Applied ...................................... 28-14

28.3.4

Type B Liquid Sprayed Applied Waterproofing Materials .................................... 28-14

28.3.4.1

Submittals for Type B Liquid Sprayed Applied Membranes .......................... 28-15

28.3.4.2

Application of Type B Liquid Sprayed Applied Membranes .......................... 28-16

28.3.4.3

Field Quality Control for Type B Liquid Sprayed Applied Membranes .......... 28-16

28.4

Type C Waterproofing Membranes ............................................................................ 28-17

28.4.1

Type C Waterproofing Materials ......................................................................... 28-17

28.4.2

Application of Type C Waterproofing ................................................................... 28-17

28.4.3

Storage of Type C Membranes ........................................................................... 28-18

28.5

Type D Waterproofing Membranes ............................................................................ 28-18

28.5.1

Type D Liquid Spray Applied Waterproofing Systems ......................................... 28-18

28.5.1.1

Materials and Submittals for Liquid Spray Applied Systems ......................... 28-18

28.5.1.2

Materials for Additional Bituminous Protection ............................................. 28-19

28.5.1.3

Surface Preparation for Liquid Spray Applied Systems ................................ 28-20

28.5.1.4

Installation of Liquid Spray Applied Systems ................................................ 28-20

28.5.1.5

Installation of Additional Bituminous Protection ............................................ 28-20

28.5.2

Water Seepage Relief Channels ......................................................................... 28-20

28.5.3

Protection of Bridge Deck Waterproofing System during Construction ................ 28-20

28.5.4

Integrity Testing of Type D Waterproofing ........................................................... 28-21

28.6

Integral Waterproofing ............................................................................................... 28-21

28.6.1

Submittals for Integral Waterproofing .................................................................. 28-22

28.6.2

Quality Assurance for Integral Waterproofing ...................................................... 28-22

28.6.3

Delivery, Storage and Handling of Integral Waterproofing ................................... 28-23

28.6.4

Warranty ............................................................................................................. 28-23

28.6.5

Concrete Batching, Mixing, Placing & Curing ...................................................... 28-24

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WATERPROOFING

This chapter outlines standards and requirements that apply to the preparation, installation, and
maintenance of waterproofing systems, including four different types of waterproofing membranes.
When performing such work, the Contractor shall comply with this chapter, the Contract documents,
and any directions from the Engineer.

The Contractor shall furnish and install the following types of waterproofing membranes on all
structures as applicable and as specified in the Contract plans or indicated in the Particular
Specifications, and as specified in these Standard Specifications.

•

Type A:

For  use,  as  concrete  protection,  on  all  concrete  and  block  masonry  surfaces  in
contact  with  soil.  Surfaces  to  be  protected  by  Type  A  waterproofing  include,  all
foundations,  all  bridge  substructure  elements  in  contact  with  soil  such  as
abutments, wing walls, retaining walls, and piers, backfilled back-side surfaces of
contingency utility ducts end walls and base slab, exterior surfaces and concrete
base  of  all  storm  water  drainage  structures,  external  faces  of  all  pullboxes
(manholes) for traffic control system, and any surfaces that the Engineer identifies
for such work.

•

Type B:

For use, as waterproofing, on all concrete structures that require water-tightness
(e.g. tunnels and similar structures).

•

Type C:

For  use,  as  concrete  protection,  on  all  concrete  and  block  masonry  surfaces  in
contact  with  soil  where  Type  A  waterproofing  application  is  declared  by  the
Engineer to be impractical.

•

Type D:

For use on roadway surfaces of concrete bridge decks and tunnels.

This chapter outlines standards and requirements of Type A, Type B, Type C, and Type D of
waterproofing membranes.

It also outlines standards and requirements for integral waterproofing to concrete structures as
indicated on the Contract plans and as specified herein.

All exposed concrete surfaces for structures indicated on the Contract plans not to be painted or
waterproofed, and all internal concrete surfaces (e.g. inside box girder type of bridges) shall be
sealed as per the requirements of Section 29.6 of Chapter 29, Miscellaneous Items for Structures,
of these standard specifications.

28.1

Reference Standards and Codes

Standards and codes for waterproofing shall be as specified in these specifications, in the Contract
documents, if any, and the following, in their latest edition:

AASHTO LRFD

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials - Load and
Resistance Factor Design, Bridge Construction Specifications;

AASHTO LRFD

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials - Load and
Resistance Factor Design, Bridge Design Specifications;

AASHTO

Standard Specifications for Transportation Materials and Methods of Sampling
and Testing;

ADQCC (TR-516) Roads Structures Design Manual

ACI

American Concrete Institute;

ACI 212.3R-10

Report on Chemical Admixtures for Concrete;

ASTM

American Society for Testing and Materials;

BBA

British Board of Agreement (BBA);

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BD 47/99

Design Manual for Roads and Bridges

– Volume 2, Section 3, Part 4,

Waterproofing and Surfacing of Concrete Bridge Decks;

British Standards;

BS EN

European Standards;

CAN/CSA

Canadian Standards Association;

CRD-C48-92

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers “Standard Test Method for Water Permeability of
Concrete;

ICC

International Code Council (ICC);

DIN

German Institute for Standardization;

UK BE27

UK Department Transport Tech. Memo BE27 90°C.

Table  28-1  and  Table  28-2  presents  American  Association  of  State  Highway  and  Transportation
Officials (AASHTO), American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), British (BS), European (BS
EN),  and  German  (DIN)  Standards  that  are  related  to  materials  for  waterproofing  works.  It  also
includes designations and titles.

Table 28-1: Designations and titles for AASHTO, and ASTM standards that apply to waterproofing
works

AASHTO

Designation

ASTM

Designation

Title

ASTM D449 -

03(2008)

Standard Specification for Asphalt Used in Dampproofing
and Waterproofing

ASTM D638 -

Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics

ASTM D746 -

Standard Test Method for Brittleness Temperature of
Plastics and Elastomers by Impact

ASTM D41 /

D41M - 11

Standard Specification for Asphalt Primer Used in Roofing,
Dampproofing, and Waterproofing

ASTM D450-07

Standard Specification for Coal-Tar Pitch Used in Roofing,
Dampproofing, and Waterproofing

ASTM D43 /

D43M -

00(2012)e1

Standard Specification for Coal Tar Primer Used in
Roofing, Dampproofing, and Waterproofing

ASTM D173 /

D173M -

03(2011)e1

Standard Specification for Bitumen-Saturated Cotton
Fabrics Used in Roofing and Waterproofing

ASTM D542 -

00(2006)

Standard Test Method for Index of Refraction of
Transparent Organic Plastics

ASTM D490 -

92(2011)

Standard Specification for Road Tar

ASTM D1004 -

Standard Test Method for Tear Resistance (Graves Tear)
of Plastic Film and Sheeting

ASTM D2939-

Standard Test Methods for Emulsified Bitumens Used as
Protective Coatings

ASTM D792 -

Standard Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity
(Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement

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AASHTO

Designation

ASTM

Designation

Title

ASTM D2240 -

05(2010)

Standard Test Method for Rubber Property

—Durometer

Hardness

ASTM D624 -

00(2012)

Standard Test Method for Tear Strength of Conventional
Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers

ASTM D4541 -

09e1

Standard Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings
Using Portable Adhesion Testers

ASTM B117 -

Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog)
Apparatus

ASTM G154 -

12a

Standard Practice for Operating Fluorescent Ultraviolet
(UV) Lamp Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic
Materials

AASHTO M

33-99 (2012)

ASTM D994 /

D994M - 11

Standard Specification for Preformed Expansion Joint Filler
for Concrete (Bituminous Type)

ASTM D1505 -

Standard Test Method for Density of Plastics by the
Density-Gradient Technique

ASTM D570 -

98(2010)e1

Standard Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics

ASTM D412 -

06a(2013)

Standard Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and
Thermoplastic Elastomers

—Tension

ASTM C309 -

Standard Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming
Compounds for Curing Concrete

ASTM E329 -

13a

Standard Specification for Agencies Engaged in
Construction Inspection, Testing, or Special Inspection

ASTM C39 /

C39M - 12a

Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of
Cylindrical Concrete Specimens

ASTM C157 /

C157M - 08

Standard Test Method for Length Change of Hardened
Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete

ASTM C494 /

C494M - 13

Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for
Concrete

ASTM D5385 -

93(2006)

Standard Test Method for Hydrostatic Pressure Resistance
of Waterproofing Membranes

ASTM E154 /

E154M -

08a(2013)e1

Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Retarders Used in
Contact with Earth Under Concrete Slabs, on Walls, or as
Ground Cover

ASTM E96 /

E96M - 13

Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of
Materials

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Table 28-2: Designations and titles for BS, and BS EN, and DIN standards that apply to

waterproofing works

Designation

BS EN

Designation

DIN

Designation

Title

DIN

16726:2011-

Plastic sheets - Testing

DIN

4062:1978-

Cold processable plastic jointing materials
for sewer drains - Jointing materials for
prefabricated parts of concrete,
requirements, testing and processing

DIN 53505

Testing of rubber - Shore A and Shore D
hardness test

BS EN ISO

9001:2015

Quality management systems.
Requirements

BS EN ISO 527-

1:2012

Plastics. Determination of tensile properties.
General principles

BS EN ISO 527-

3:1996

Plastics. Determination of tensile properties.
Test conditions for films and sheets

BS EN ISO 527-

5:2009

Plastics. Determination of tensile properties.
Test conditions for unidirectional fibre-
reinforced plastic composites

UNI EN ISO

12236

Geosynthetics - Static puncture test (CBR
test)

BS ISO 34-

1:2010

Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic.
Determination of tear strengthTrouser,
angle and crescent test pieces

BS EN

1928:2000

Flexible sheets for waterproofing. Bitumen,
plastic and rubber sheets for roof
waterproofing. Determination of
watertightness

BS EN ISO

4624:2003

Paints and varnishes. Pull-off test for
adhesion

BS 598-

107:2004

Sampling and examination of bituminous
mixtures for roads and other paved areas
Method of test for the determination of the
composition of design surface course rolled
asphalt

BS EN

12591:2009

Bitumen and bituminous binders.
Specifications for paving grade bitumens

BS EN

13924:2006

Bitumen and bituminous binders.
Specifications for hard paving grade
bitumens

BS EN 13108-

4:2006

Bituminous mixtures. Material specifications
Hot Rolled Asphalt

BS 8102:2009

Code of practice for protection of below
ground structures against water from the
ground

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Designation

BS EN

Designation

DIN

Designation

Title

BS 1881-
207:1992

Testing concrete - Recommendations for
the assessment of concrete strength by
near-to-surface tests

BS EN 12390-

8:2009

Testing hardened concrete - Depth of
penetration of water under pressure

BS EN 934-

2:2009+A1:2012

Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout
Concrete admixtures. Definitions,
requirements, conformity, marking and
labelling

28.2

Type A Waterproofing Membranes

The Contractor shall provide and install Type A waterproofing membranes on surfaces in accordance
with the specifications outlined in this section and as indicated in the Contract plans. The Contractor
shall provide and apply a self-adhering, waterproof, and protective membrane and shall install
asphalt protection board courses on all surfaces that are selected to receive Type A waterproofing
membranes.

The Contractor shall provide to the Engineer affidavits from the Manufacturer that confirm that the
proposed Type A waterproofing membrane system to be used for the Project has a ten years history
of successful use in similar applications in the Gulf Region. The Contractor shall also provide
evidence that the material applicator is qualified and approved by the membrane Manufacturer.

28.2.1

Submittals for Type A Membranes

The Contractor shall submit a material submittal as per Section 1.15, Submittal Procedures, outlined
in Chapter 1, General Requirements, of these standard specifications, including three samples of
each type of the following materials to the Engineer for review and approval in accordance with the
Contract documents:

a. Self-adhering waterproofing membrane sheet: 500 mm x 500 mm.

b. Bituminous mastic: 500 millilitres containers

c. Primer: 500 millilitres containers

d. Protection board: 500 x 500 mm

The membrane shall provide long term protection to reinforced concrete and block masonry in the
Gulf Region. All waterproofing materials, including membranes, protection boards, bituminous
mastics, and primers etc shall be compatible with each other and shall be from a manufacturer
operating the BS EN ISO 9001:2015 quality management scheme. All materials shall have a valid
Agreement Certificate for Roads and Bridge Structures issued by a member of the European Union
of Agreement (UEAtc.) verifying that the materials furnished comply with the requirements of system
manufacturer.

28.2.2

Delivery, Storage, and Handling of Type A Membranes

Products shall be delivered to the jobsite in their original, unopened containers, which shall be clearly
labelled with the Manufacturer

’s name, brand designation, type, and class, as applicable.

After products are delivered, the Contractor shall store them in an approved, dry area with roll goods
laid flat, one pallet high. Products shall be protected from contact with soil and from exposure to the
elements. They shall remain dry at all times.

When handling products, the Contractor shall not break containers or damage products. Surfaces to
which waterproofing materials will be applied shall be dry, smooth, and free of dirt, grease, or oil.

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28.2.3

Type A Waterproofing Materials

The Contractor shall comply with the specifications outlined in this section for Type A waterproofing
materials.

28.2.3.1

Waterproof Membrane

Waterproof membranes shall consist of self-adhering sheet membranes consisting of a rubberised
asphalt compound or polymer modified bitumen, with integral fabric reinforcement such as, but not
limited to, polyester, glass fiber, etc. coated to one side of a polyethylene film. The membrane shall
have a minimum overall thickness of 2.0 mm, and shall incorporate a selvedge to provide a bitumen
to bitumen seal.

The properties of the waterproofing membrane shall not significantly diminish with age. The provision
of test data and/or evidence of successful performance of the membrane in climatic conditions similar
to the UAE shall be a condition of acceptance of any waterproofing system. Type A membranes shall
meet the following physical properties as shown in Table 28-3.

Table 28-3: Physical properties of Type A, self-adhering sheet membranes

Property

Test Method

Requirement

Tensile Strength (polyethylene
film)

ASTM D638-10

15 N/mm

minimum

Elongation (polyethylene film)

ASTM D638-10

150 % minimum

Tensile Strength (full membrane)

ASTM D638-10

5 N/mm

minimum

Elongation (full membrane)

ASTM D638-10

30% minimum

Tear Strength

ASTM D5147

300 N minimum

Water Resistance

ASTM D2939-03 (A & B)

Excellent

Crack Bridging Capability

United Kingdom Department of
Transport (DoT) test for the
approval of Waterproofing Systems
for Concrete Decks Method C IV.

>1.00 mm

Water Absorption (%)

ASTM D570 - 98(2010)e1

< 0.15

Puncher Resistance

ASTM E154 / E154M - 08a(2013)e1 > 300 N

Moisture Vapour Transmission
Rate

ASTM E96 / E96M - 13

0.6 g/m

/24 Hrs

maximum

Chemical Resistance to dilute
acids, to dilute alkalis, to
sulphates, and to chlorides (to the
levels expected in the most
aggressive areas of the Gulf
Region)

ASTM D543

Resistant

Adhesion to concrete

ASTM D4541 - 09e1or
BS EN ISO 4624 :2003 (minimum 3
per 500 m

)

≥ 1.0 MPa

Water penetration

BD 47/99

Zero

Resistance to high temperature
from concrete surface (60°C)

BD 47/99

Yes

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28.2.3.2

Bituminous Mastic

Bituminous mastic material shall consist of special compounds provided by the self-adhering
membrane Manufacturer and formulated for its intended use. Physical properties of the bituminous
mastic, its application conditions and application equipment shall be in accordance with the self-
adhering

membrane Manufacturer’s recommendations.

28.2.3.3

Primer

Primers shall consist of a special compound provided by the self-adhering membrane Manufacturer
and formulated for its intended use.

28.2.3.4

Protection Board

Protection boards are multi-ply, semi-rigid boards composed of a mineral-filled asphaltic core
between a layer of asphalt-saturated felt or kraft liner and a glass fibre mat liner that is weather-
coated and has a polyethylene film facing.

Protection Boards shall be approximately 120 cm wide, 240 cm long, and 4.0 mm thick with at least
75% asphalt content, by weight. The softening point of the protection boards shall not be less than
140

The puncture resistance shall be such that no effect is noted on the underside of the protection board
following a drop test. (68

tip angle of chisel, weight 0.619 kg, drop height 0.46 m, average puncture

depth 1.1 mm).

28.2.4

Application of Type A Waterproofing Membrane

When applying a waterproofing membrane, the Contractor shall comply with the specifications
outlined in this section and shall comply with the following general procedural requirements:

a. Technical backup services and supervision on site during application of the water proofing

system must be provided by the manufacturer.

b. Self-adhering waterproofing membrane work shall be coordinated by the Contractor so that

the placement of the protection boards will follow the waterproofing membrane application
by not more than five days.

c. Application of primer materials may be by brush or roller.

d. Membrane sheets shall be applied with minimum 12-cm overlaps or as specified by the

manufacturer at edges and ends and rolled down firmly and completely.

e. For specific procedures, details, and materials not specified herein, the Contractor shall

follow the self-adhering membrane Manufacturer's approved, written recommendations.

f. If the work must be left partially complete, the Contractor shall finish the exposed edges on

outside strips of membrane with a trowelled bead of mastic.

28.2.4.1

Application of Type A Membrane to Concrete

When applying a Type A waterproofing membrane to concrete, the Contractor shall comply with the
following procedural requirements:

a. Over the cleaned concrete surface, to the extent shown in the Contract plans, the Contractor

shall apply primer in a manner and using quantities in accordance with the membrane
Manufacturer's printed instructions. The Contractor shall allow these surfaces to dry before
proceeding and shall prime the surface again if it not covered with a membrane within 36
hours.

b. After the primer has dried, the Contractor shall apply the self-adhering membrane to the

concrete without stretching it and with the polyethylene face out. Membranes shall be
smoothed down with heavy hand pressure or a small roller. Edges and ends shall be lapped
as specified.

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c. Inside and outside corners shall be doubled by using an initial strip of 30 cm wide membrane,

centered along the axis of the corner. This strip shall be covered by the regular application
of self-adhering membrane. Exposed edges shall have a trowelled bead of mastic over these
edges.

d. Membranes on horizontal slabs shall extend to the outer edges and shall be protected until

subsequent overhead work is complete. Sidewall membrane shall extend down and out to
the edge of the previously applied horizontal slab membrane. Where the top of the membrane
terminates at a reglet, the Contractor shall extend the membrane therein and fill the reglet
with rubberised mastic.

e. Areas around piping and protrusions shall be double covered with an additional layer of

self-adhering membranes for a minimum of 300 mm in each direction. Membrane edges shall
be coated, the gaps between the membranes shall be filled, and protrusions shall be filled
with bituminous mastic.

f. Apply two coats of silane / siloxane clear sealant to the exposed surfaces of retaining walls,

abutments, wing walls, piers, and other similar structures from top of waterproofing to a line
1.00 m above the finished grade. The minimum performance test requirements for the clear
sealant shall be as shown in Table 24.13 of Chapter 24, Painting, of these standard
specifications.

28.2.4.2

Installation of Asphalt Protection Board Courses

Within five days after membrane application, the Contractor shall install asphalt protection board to
vertical and horizontal membrane-on-concrete surfaces. These boards shall be installed with the
polyethylene face out, in two (2) layers, and with butted edges and ends adhered to the membrane
by means of mastic or other approved compound. Joints in the second layer shall be staggered in
relation to the joints in the first layer. Exposed edges and gaps between penetrations and edges of
the protection board shall be pointed up with mastic. Protection board on horizontal slabs shall
terminate at the outer comers of the concrete structure above. Sidewall protection board shall extend
down and out to cover the horizontal slab membrane.

28.2.4.3

Repairs to Type A Waterproofing Membranes

Gouges and other damage to the completed membrane shall be repaired by the Contractor by
means of membrane patches applied prior to placement of the protection courses.

28.3

Type B Waterproofing Membranes

Type B waterproofing shall be either sheet applied or liquid applied as specified in the Contract plans
or indicated in the Particular Specifications. The Contractor shall comply with the specifications
outlined in this section for Type B waterproofing materials.

The Contractor may use a firm that has been approved by the waterproofing Manufacturer for the
installation of Type B waterproofing membranes.

Before beginning installation, the Contractor shall prepare a mock-up by installing a sample of the
Type B waterproofing membrane to the concrete element to demonstrate surface preparation, crack
and joint treatment, corner treatment, and execution quality. If the Engineer determines mock-ups
do not comply with requirements, the Contractor shall reapply the Type B waterproofing membrane
until the mock-ups are approved. Approved mock-ups may become part of the completed work, if
undisturbed at the time of substantial completion.

The Contractor shall provide to the Engineer affidavits from the Manufacturer that confirm that the
proposed Type B waterproofing membrane system to be used for the Project has a ten years history
of successful use in similar applications in the Gulf Region. The Contractor shall also provide
evidence that the material applicator is qualified and approved by the membrane Manufacturer.

If the Contract plans or particular specifications indicate the use of sheet applied waterproofing, for
the base slab of the structure, and liquid applied waterproofing, on vertical and roof surfaces for
example, to achieve the water-tightness of the structure, the Manufacturer/Applicator shall provide

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for the Engineer’s approval the required lapping detail at corners including the prerequisite bond
formation between the sheet and liquid applied waterproofing to ensure the complete system to work
as intended.

28.3.1

Submittals for Type B Waterproofing Membranes

For Type B waterproofing, the Contractor shall submit the materials outlined in this section to the
Engineer for review and approval.

Product Data:

Include the Manufacturer's written instructions for evaluating, preparing, and

treating substrate, technical data, and tested physical and performance properties of
waterproofing.

Shop Drawings:

Show locations and extent of waterproofing, including details for substrate

joints and cracks, sheet flashings, penetrations, inside and outside corners, tie-ins with
adjoining waterproofing membranes, and other termination conditions. This shall also include
setting drawings showing layout, sizes, sections, profiles, and joint details of pedestal-
supported concrete pavers.

Samples:

For 500-mm x 500-mm square of Type B waterproofing membrane.

Applicator Certificates:

Signed by the Manufacturer certifying that applicators comply with

requirements.

Qualification Data:

For applicator.

Product Test Reports:

Based on evaluation of comprehensive tests performed by a

qualified testing agency, for waterproofing

as per the Engineer’s directive.

Warranties:

The special warranty specified in this section shall not deprive the Owner of

other rights the Owner may have under other provisions of the Contract Documents, and
shall be in addition to, and run concurrent with, other warranties made by the Contractor
under requirements of the Contract Documents.

Special Warranty and Maintenance:

The Contractor shall submit a written warranty signed

by waterproofing manufacturer and applicator agreeing to repair or replace waterproofing
that does not meet requirements or that does not remain watertight within the warranty period
specified herein.

The Contractor shall obtain a ten year warranty period from the waterproofing membrane
Manufacturer and Applicator after date of substantial completion for all Type B waterproofing
membranes that are installed for the Project. Such warranty shall cover any defective
workmanship, damp patches observed on internal surfaces, and any product failure.

The Contractor sh

all transfer to the Owner the Manufacturer/Applicator’s ten years warranty

on each waterproofing installation of the Project.

The Contractor shall inspect the water-tightness and waterproofing membranes installed on
the Project within one year of handing over the Project. The Contractor shall be responsible
for any required maintenance to ensure such waterproofing functionality and durability.

For the rest of the warranty period, if deficiencies are found, the Owner may inform the
Manufacturer/Applicator through the Contractor in writing of any defects and specify a
required completion date for repairs.

28.3.2

Delivery, Storage, and Handling of Type B Membranes

Products shall be delivered to the jobsite in their original, unopened containers, which shall be clearly
labelled with the Manufacturer

’s name, brand designation, type, and class, as applicable. Additional

delivery, storage, and handling procedures are as follows:

a. Delivered materials shall be in original packages with seals unbroken, labelled with the

Manufacturer's name, product brand name and type, date of manufacture, and directions for
storing and mixing with other components.

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b. Liquid materials shall be stored in their original, undamaged packages in a clean, dry, and

protected location that is within the temperature range required by the waterproofing
Manufacturer.

c. Liquid materials that cannot be applied within their stated shelf life shall be removed and

replaced.

d. Rolls shall be stored according to the Manufacturer's written instructions.

e. Stored materials shall be protected from direct sunlight.

28.3.3

Type B Sheet Applied Waterproofing Materials

Type B sheet applied waterproofing membrane shall be one layer of compartmented loosely laid or
mechanical bonded, 2-mm thick, synthetic PVC manufactured in a UNI EN ISO 9001-certified plant.
It shall in all respects comply with the requirements of

British Code of practice for protection of below

ground structures against water from the ground

(BS 8102:2009).The type of sheet applied

waterproofing and extension shall be as per the Contract documents. Substitution of this
specification shall be subject to the approval of the Owner.

Compartmented loosely laid PVC membranes shall meet the following physical properties as shown
in Table 28-4:

Table 28-4: Physical properties of Type B, PVC loosely laid membranes

Physical Property

Value

Method

Tensile strength

Transverse minimum 16.7 N/mm²

Machine direction mini.16.4 N/mm²

BS EN ISO 527-1/3/5

Elongation at break

Transverse minimum 300%

Machine direction minimum 300%

BS EN ISO 527

–1/3/5

Impact strength

> 750 mm

DIN 16726:2011-01

– 5.12

Seam strength

90 percent minimum of tensile strength

ASTM D638

– 10

Tear resistance

> 45 N/mm

BS ISO 34-1:2010 Specimen

Cold bending

< -25° C

UNI EN 495

– 5 or

ASTM D746 - 07

Puncture resistance

1,100 N minimum

DIN 16726:2011-01 - 5.12

Resistance to static
punching (CBR)

> 2,300 N

UNI EN ISO 12236

Hydrostatic pressure
resistance

6 hours at 5 bars

BS EN 1928: 2000 Method B

Moisture Vapour
Transmission Rate

0.6 g/m

/24 Hrs maximum

ASTM E96 / E96M

– 13

Root resistance

No penetration

DIN 4062:1978-09

Shore A Hardness

Not less than 50

DIN 53505

Chemicals

Unaffected by Chemicals

ASTM D542 - 00(2006)

– 112 Day

Immersion

The mechanical bonded PVC membranes shall meet the following physical properties as shown in
Table 28-5:

Table 28-5: Physical properties of Type B, PVC mechanical bonded membranes

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Physical Property

Value

Method

Key spacing

65 mm

Tensile strength

16.3 N/mm²

BS EN ISO 527-1/3/5

Elongation at break

270%

BS EN ISO 527-1/3/5

Shore A Hardness

Not less than 50

DIN 53505

Cold bending

< -30° C

ASTM D746 - 07

Specific gravity

1.3

ASTM D1505 - 10

Water absorption

Not less than 0.15%

ASTM D570 - 98(2010)e1

Moisture Vapour
Transmission Rate

0.6 g/m

/24 Hrs maximum

ASTM E96 / E96M - 13

Tear resistance

≥ 80 N/mm

ASTM D1004 - 13

Chemicals

Unaffected by Chemicals

ASTM D542 - 00(2006)

– 112

Day Immersion

28.3.3.1

Application of Type B Sheet Applied Waterproofing
Membranes

When applying Type B sheet applied waterproofing membrane, the Contractor shall comply with the
standard specifications outlined in this section, the Contract documents, and the following general
procedural requirements:

a. In presence of the Manufacturer

’s representative and /or applicator, the Contractor shall

examine substrates and areas to ensure compliance with requirements and to identify any
conditions that could affect performance.

b. When waterproofing a substrate, the Contractor shall verify that they are clean, sound, and

smooth. Substrates shall be free of fins, sharp edges, loose and foreign matter, oil and
grease, and anything detrimental to the waterproofing membrane. The Contractor shall repair
any pitted surfaces before installing a membrane.

c. If the Contractor anticipates any problems with using Type B waterproofing membranes over

substrates, they shall notify the Engineer in writing.

d. After correcting all unsatisfactory conditions and approved by the Engineer, the Contractor

may proceed with the installation.

28.3.3.2

Surface Preparation for Type B Sheet Applied Waterproofing
Membranes

When preparing a surface for a Type B sheet applied waterproofing membrane, the Contractor shall
comply with the following specifications:

a. Before commencing with the application of Type B waterproofing membranes

— and as this

work proceeds

— the Contractor shall sweep surfaces clean and remove debris,

irregularities, standing water, and any adhering materials that will impair the works.

b. The Contractor shall remove fins, ridges, mortar, and other projections, then fill any

honeycomb, aggregate pockets, holes, and other voids.

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c. Substrate joints shall be prepared, filled, primed, and treated in accordance with the

Manufacturer

’s recommendations.

d. Vertical and horizontal surfaces shall be prepared, treated, and sealed at terminations and

penetrations through waterproofing and at drains and protrusions, in accordance with the
Manufacturer

’s recommendations.

28.3.3.3

Compartmented Loosely Laid Sheet Installation

When installing compartmented, loosely laid sheet for a Type B membrane, the Contractor shall
comply with the following specifications:

a. General

1. This installation shall comply with that shown in the Contract plans. Membrane shall be

extended under trenches, pits, and depressions. Sheets shall be accurately aligned and shall
maintain uniform side and end laps of the minimum dimensions required. End laps shall be
staggered.

2. Membrane sheets shall be applied with minimum 80 mm overlaps or as specified by the

manufacturer  at  lap  joints.  All  sheet  lap  joints  and  all  joints  between  the  membrane  and
external  waterstops  to  form  the  compartmentalization  shall  be  double-seam  welded  and
pressure  tested.  Completed membranes  shall  be  thoroughly  inspected  at  the  end  of  each
day’s work as well as before the placement of concrete.

3. The Manufacturer

’s technical representative shall thoroughly check all seams. Any seams

deemed faulty shall be repaired.

4. For all details of corners, membrane termination, pipe penetration, pile head treatment, and

the like, the Contractor shall refer to the technical documents and approved shop drawings
and provide reinforcing strips, collars, metal clamps, and sealants.

5. To prevent any water penetration, seals shall be watertight to all items, such as ties, anchors,

and pipes that pass through the membrane. Sealing details shall comply with the
Manufacturer

’s recommendations.

6. Full coverage shall be applied and geotextile overlapped, where necessary.

7. Geotextiles shall be spot-adhered to the membrane with an approved adhesive by the

membrane Manufacturer.

b. Horizontal Application

1. Application of membranes on horizontal surfaces shall be as directed by the Manufacturer.

A 370 g/m

, nonwoven, needle-punched, polypropylene geotextile shall be laid over blinding

concrete. Membranes shall be loosely laid over geotextile and compartmentalised by welding
a PVC waterstop at predetermined locations.

2. The Contractor shall apply a 50-mm uniform thickness of protection screed over the

waterproofing membrane, which is placed horizontally on the concrete blinding. Screeds shall
not extend over concrete pile.

c. Vertical Application

1. As a protection layer, the Contractor shall apply a 370 g/m

, nonwoven, needle-punched

polypropylene geotextile on all vertical and sloping surfaces to protect the waterproofing
membrane from damages due to placing and vibrating concrete and to reduce drag-down on
the membrane by the placing action of the concrete.

28.3.3.4

Mechanical Bonded System Installation

When installing mechanical bonded sheet waterproofing for a Type B membrane, the Contractor
shall comply with the following specifications:

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a. The sheet membrane shall be locked into the structure by ribs when concrete is poured

directly against it.

b. For horizontal applications, the membrane shall be applied to smooth monolithic concrete

blinding with a wood float finish.

c. Blinding shall be free from loose aggregate and sharp protrusions that could damage the

membrane during re-bar and concrete placement. Protrusions greater than 3mm shall be
removed by mechanical means.

d. Proper 60 mm diameter concrete spacers shall be used for the placement of steel

reinforcement to hold the bars securely in place. Spacers shall be placed flat against the
sheet membrane. The Contractor shall provide for the Engineer’s approval calculations to
demonstrate that the membrane will not subject to a load more than 10 MPa at any point of
the membrane.

e. Prior to welding on both horizontal and vertical surfaces, the sheets shall be rolled and

accurately positioned to overlap the previous sheet by 80mm at both sides and end laps with
the ribs facing upwards to have double seam continuous machine weld.

f. The Contractor shall ensure that both surfaces to be welded together are dry and free from

dirt and contamination.

g. Welding shall be carried out by robotic hot air welding equipment and trained approved

operatives.

h. Joints shall be tested for integrity by the manufacturer recommended method approved by

the Engineer.

i. For application to vertical substrates, the membrane should be mechanically fastened using

appropriate fixings such as G-clamps or wooden battens as approved by the Engineer.

j. Fixings can be made through the bottom layer of the weld seam so that the membrane can

be securely welded.

k. The Contractor shall comply with the manufacturer recommendations.

28.3.3.5

Field Quality Control for Type B Sheet Applied

To control quality in the field, the Contractor shall comply with the following specifications.

a. A visual inspection of the membrane shall be made prior to covering it with the protection

layer. This inspection shall check for damages indicated by breaches in a light-coloured
signal layer.

b. Air pressure tests will be carried out on all double-seam welds. Acceptable pressure drop in

the channel between the two welds shall be according to the Manufacturer

’s

recommendations.

c. Spark test is an electronic integrity test, as frequently called up on Architects specifications.

However, for existing structures, a spark test will accurately identify any holes (from almost
invisible pinholes, right up to larger holes). As an alternative to penetration testing of weld
seams, a spark testing method may used instead. During welding, a continuous length of thin
copper wire is inserted into the centre of the weld seam before it is closed. In the case of
application using weld tape, the wire can be stuck onto the weld tape before closing the joint.

d. After all weld seams are closed, the seams are tested by running a CK200 Mk.5 High

Frequency Spark Tester or similar along the weld seam.

e. Where sparks are detected, this indicates that the weld seam is not fully sealed and should

be repaired accordingly.

f. Once spark testing is completed successfully the weld seam is deemed to be fully water-

tight.

TANDARD

ONSTRUCTION

PECIFICATIONS

ART

–

OAD

TRUCTURES

Page 28-14

HAPTER

28:

ATERPROOFING

First Edition -January 2018

g. Applicators must be approved by the Manufacturer and be able to demonstrate their

participation in the Manufacturer

’s locally based training scheme.

28.3.3.6

Protection and Cleaning for Type B Sheet Applied

To protect and clean a type B waterproofing membrane, the Contractor shall comply with the
following specifications:

a. Excessive foot or vehicular traffic shall not be permitted on an unprotected membrane.

b. Type B sheet applied waterproofing membrane shall be protected from damage and wear

during the remainder of the construction phase.

c. Spillage and soiling shall be cleaned from adjacent construction using cleaning agents and

procedures recommended by the Manufacturer.

28.3.4

Type B Liquid Sprayed Applied Waterproofing Materials

Waterproofing membrane shall be a rapid curing, two-component cold, liquid spray-applied 100%
polymer based material meeting the following performance criteria as shown in Table 28-6:

Table 28-6: Physical properties of Type B, liquid sprayed applied membranes

Properties

Unit

Tested to

Range

Density

g/cc

ASTM D792 - 08

≥ 1.0

Shore A hardness

ASTM D2240 - 05(2010)

≥ 60

Tensile strength

MPa

ASTM D638 - 10

≥ 6.00

Elongation at break

ASTM D638 - 10

≥ 300%

Tear resistance

kN/m

ASTM D624 - 00(2012)

≥ 7.50

Adhesion to concrete

MPa

ASTM D4541 - 09e1or

BS EN ISO 4624 :2003
(minimum 1 per 150 m

)

≥ 2.0 on concrete with
90% failure of concrete
surface (no debonding)

Crack bridging ability

BD 47/99

≥ 3.0 (static)

≥ 0.3 (dynamic)

Moisture Vapour
transmission rate

g/m

24 Hrs

ASTM E96 / E96M - 13

0.6 maximum

Water penetration

BD 47/99

Zero

Chemical resistance

Transport Research
Laboratory (TRL)
Research Report 248

Resistant

Chloride penetration

BD 47/99

Negligible

Resistance to
abrasion

SNCF Taber Method

High abrasion resistance

Holidays (pinholes)

Electronic detection

None

Resisting hydrostatic
head

ASTM D5385 - 93(2006)

In excess of 20 m

Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. STANDARD CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS (PART 2 - ROAD STRUCTURES, 2020) - page 16