UD Trucks. Owner’s Manual (2011-2013)

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VEHICLE OPERATION

(3): Third Range —

z This position is used when engine

WARNING

braking is needed while the vehicle

Always apply the service

Without applying the service

is descending a slope. Shifting

brakes when selecting R

brakes, parking brake, or emer-

between gears 1 - 3 is done auto-

(Reverse). The range selected

gency brake:

matically.

may not be obtained, resulting

Do not make shifts from R

(2): Second Range —

in unexpected vehicle motion.

(Reverse) to N

(Neutral).

z This position is used when strong

Do not allow the vehicle to

Selecting N (Neutral) does not

engine braking is needed. Shifting

coast in N (Neutral). If you let

apply vehicle brakes unless an

between gears 1 - 2 is done auto-

the vehicle coast in N (Neu-

auxiliary system to apply the

tral), there is no engine brak-

parking brake is installed.

matically.

ing and you could lose control.

Do not make shifts from N

(1): First Range —

Coasting can also cause

(Neutral) to a forward range or

z This position can be used during

severe transmission damage.

from N (Neutral) to R (Reverse)

rough road conditions, when free-

to avoid sudden movement of

ing the vehicle from mud or deep

the vehicle.

snow, when driving at very slow

z Do not make shifts from a for-

speed through narrow spaces,

ward range to N

(Neutral).

when climbing or descending

Selecting N (Neutral) does not

steep slopes, or when the maxi-

apply vehicle brakes unless an

mum amount of engine braking

auxiliary system to apply the

force is required. The transmission

parking brake is installed.

remains in 1st gear and does not

shift.

10 - 16

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VEHICLE OPERATION

WARNING

CAUTION

D (Drive) and other forward

If you just downshift or just

z Do not idle in R (Reverse) or D

ranges may not be obtained

use service brakes when going

(Drive) for more than 5 min-

due to an active inhibitor. The

downhill, you can lose control

utes. Doing so may cause

range selected may not be

and cause injury and/or prop-

transmission overheating and

obtained, resulting in unex-

erty damage. To avoid loss of

damage. Always use P (Park)

pected vehicle motion. Always

control, use a combination of

or N (Neutral) if you need to

apply the service brakes when

downshifting, braking, and

idle over 5 minutes.

selecting D (Drive) or other for-

other retarding devices.

ward ranges.

Downshifting to a lower trans-

The transmission incorpo-

mission range increases

<Operating with automatic

rates a hold feature to prohibit

engine braking and helps you

transmission>

upshifting above the range

to maintain control. The trans-

Check before engine start

selected during normal driv-

mission has a feature to pre-

z Always use the right foot to oper-

ing. For downhill operation,

vent automatic upshifting

ate the accelerator pedal and the

select a lower transmission

above the lower range

range. If the engine-governed

selected. However, during

brake pedal in order to prevent

speed is exceeded in the held

downhill operation, if engine

depressing either by accident.

range, however, the transmis-

governed speed is exceeded in

Shift lock system

sion may upshift to the next

the lower range, the transmis-

<Model without P position

higher range. To avoid loss of

sion may upshift to the next

(2500 series)>

vehicle control, use the vehicle

higher range. This will reduce

z When shifting the selector lever for

brakes to prevent exceeding

braking and could cause a loss

the first time after turning the igni-

engine governed speed in the

of control. Apply the vehicle

tion key to the ON position, the

held range.

brakes or other retarding

selector lever cannot be shifted

device to prevent exceeding

engine governed speed in the

from N to another position if the

lower range selected.

brake pedal is not depressed.

Moreover, when the shift lever is

10 - 17

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VEHICLE OPERATION

left engaged in the N position for

If the selector lever cannot be

<Model with P position

(1000 and 2200 series)>

about 5 minutes even after shifting

shifted from N to another position

z The selector lever cannot be

the selector lever for the second

even when the brake pedal is

shifted from the P position if the

time, it cannot be shifted from the

depressed, press the shift lock

brake pedal is not depressed.

N position. In this case, depress

release button. While pressing the

z When the ignition key is in the

the brake pedal and operate the

button, the selector lever can be

ACC or LOCK position, the selec-

selector lever.

shifted.

tor lever cannot be shifted from the

z When the ignition key is in the

P position even if the brake pedal

ACC or LOCK position, the selec-

is depressed.

tor lever cannot be shifted from N

z When the selector lever is in any

to another position even if the

position other than the P position

brake pedal is depressed.

z When the selector lever is in any

・The key cannot be removed from

the ignition key switch. Place the

position other than the N position

selector lever in the P position

・The key cannot be removed from

and then remove the key.

the ignition key switch.　Place

・The ignition key cannot be turned

the selector lever to the N

from ACC to the LOCK position.

position and then remove the key.

NOTE:

z When shifting the selector lever

・The ignition key cannot be turned

z If this situation occurs, contact

from P to another position,

from ACC to the LOCK position.

your nearest UD Trucks dealer

depress the brake pedal first and

z When shifting the selector lever

for inspection.

then operate the lever. If the lever

from N to another position,

is operated first, it does not move

depress the brake pedal first and

so that the shift lock mechanism is

then operate the lever. If the lever

not released.

is operated first, it does not move

z If the selector lever cannot be

so that the shift lock mechanism is

shifted from the P position even

not released.

when the brake pedal is

10 - 18

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VEHICLE OPERATION

depressed, press the shift lock

z Release the parking brake. Lift

When parking, first stop the vehi-

release button. While pressing the

your foot off of the brake pedal.

cle, then shift to P

(Park) or N

button, the selector lever can be

z When traveling forward, accelera-

(Neutral). Then slowly release the

shifted.

tion begins from 1st gear. Accord-

brake pedal and check that the

ing to the engine load and speed,

lock has been engaged. Then

NOTE:

the transmission will automatically

firmly set the parking brake.

z If this situation occurs, contact

your nearest UD Trucks dealer

shift from 1st gear, to 2nd, to 3rd...

Each time you park the vehicle or

for inspection.

up to the maximum gear for the

leave the operator’s station with

selected range.

the engine running, do the follow-

ing.

Engine start

NOTE:

z Check that the parking brake has

z The engine protection function

1.Bring the vehicle to a complete

been pulled up.

may provide torque derating to

stop using the service brake.

z Check that the shift lever is in the

prevent the engine from being

2.Ensure that the engine is at low

P (Park) or N (Neutral) position,

damaged, in this case, also shift

idle rpm.

shock might occur.

3.Put the transmission in P (Park)

then start the engine. (The engine

will not start if the lever is in

or N (Neutral).

Stopping and parking

another position.) Check that the

4.Engage the P (Park) range by

z When stopping temporarily, leave

warning light turns off after the

slowly releasing the service

the shift lever in the D (Drive) posi-

engine has started.

brake.

tion. Be sure to keep the brake

5.Apply the emergency brake and/

Starting to move the vehicle

pedal depressed with the right

or parking brake, if present, and

z Depress the brake pedal with your

foot. In this way, there is no need

make sure it is properly

right foot. Select a gear range. To

to return the shift lever to N (Neu-

engaged.

move the vehicle forward, select D

tral).

6.If the operator’s station will be

(Drive), to move backwards select

z When stopping for 5 minutes or

unoccupied with the engine run-

R (Reverse).

longer, shift to the N (Neutral) or P

ning, chock the wheels and take

z The gear will not shift if the engine

(Park) position.

any other steps necessary to

speed is high.

keep the vehicle from moving.

10 - 19

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VEHICLE OPERATION

Downshift or reverse inhibitor fea-

NOTE:

WARNING

ture

z When the vehicle is in motion,

The transmission hydraulic system

attempting to shift to the P

When depressing the accelera-

will not permit a shift into any forward

(Park) range may produce only a

tor pedal or when the engine

gear at a speed that will cause

clicking sound without actually

speed is higher than the idling

excessive engine overspeed. Any

shifting. Be sure to use the

speed, do not shift the selector

lower forward range may be selected

brake to stop the vehicle before

lever from N to the forward or

at any time, but the actual engage-

shifting to P (Park).

R range.

ment of the gears in that range will

It is very dangerous as the

not occur until road speed is reduced

Accelerator pedal control

vehicle might jump suddenly

— downshifting is progressive as

The position of the accelerator pedal

forward or backward. The

road speed decreases. The inhibitor

influences the automatic shifting.

transmission might also be

effect will cause downshifts to occur

When the pedal is fully depressed,

damaged.

at slightly higher speeds than normal

the transmission will automatically

automatic downshifts.

upshift near the governed speed of

If the shift lever is accidentally

the engine. A partially depressed

moved to reverse while traveling for-

position of the pedal will cause the

ward, the transmission is designed

upshifts to occur at a lower engine

not to shift into reverse gear until

speed.

road speed is very low. To avoid shift

shock, always come to a full stop

before shifting from forward to

reverse or from reverse to forward.

10 - 20

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VEHICLE OPERATION

Using the engine to slow the vehicle

ing to accelerate. This will avoid an

To use the engine as a braking force,

unexpected downshift during accel-

WARNING

shift the selector to the next lower

eration.

To avoid injury or property

range. If the vehicle is exceeding the

Rocking out

damage caused by sudden

maximum speed for a lower gear,

If the vehicle is stuck in deep sand,

movement of the vehicle, do

use the service brakes to slow the

snow, or mud, it may be possible to

not make shifts from N (Neu-

vehicle to an acceptable speed

rock it out. Shift to D

(Drive) and

tral) to a forward range or R

where the transmission may be

apply steady, light throttle (never full

(Reverse) when the accelerator

downshifted safely.

throttle). When the vehicle has

pedal is depressed. The vehi-

Parking brake (2500 series)

rocked forward as far as it will go,

cle will lurch forward or rear-

There is no park position in the

apply and hold the vehicle service

ward and the transmission can

transmission shift pattern. Therefore,

brakes. Allow the engine to return to

be damaged. Avoid this condi-

always put the selector in neutral

idle; then select R

(Reverse).

tion by making shifts from N

and apply the parking brake to hold

Release the brakes and apply a

(Neutral) to a forward range or

the vehicle when it is unattended.

steady, light throttle and allow the

R (Reverse) only

when

the

vehicle to rock in R (Reverse) as far

throttle is closed.

Driving on ice or snow

as it will go. Again, apply and hold

Here is where all of your ability as a

the service brakes and allow the

professional driver comes into focus

engine to return to idle. This proce-

regardless of what transmission you

dure may be repeated in D (Drive)

have. If possible, reduce your speed

and R (Reverse) if each directional

and select a lower range before you

shift continues to move the vehicle a

lose traction. Select the range that

greater distance. Never make N

will not exceed the speed you expect

(Neutral)-to-D

(Drive) or directional

to maintain. Accelerate or decelerate

shift changes when the engine rpm

very gradually to prevent losing trac-

is above idle.

tion. It is very important to slow grad-

ually when a lower range is selected.

It is important that you reach the

lower range selected before attempt-

10 - 21

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VEHICLE OPERATION

rotates in the same direction as the

CAUTION

engine.

z If the wheels are stuck and not

Two types of transmission-mounted

z Do no use or install a sliding

turning, do not apply full

PTOs may be used with these trans-

gear PTO where the sliding

power for more than 30 sec-

mission models.

gear meshes directly with the

onds in either D (Drive) or R

A constant-drive PTO is used in

PTO driver gear. The PTO

(Reverse). Full power for more

applications which require full-time

driver gear may be damaged

than 30 seconds under these

PTO operation. The PTO driven

when the sliding gear slides

conditions will cause the

gear is in constant mesh with the

into the PTO drive gear, pro-

transmission to overheat. If the

ducing metal particles that can

drive gear and cannot be disen-

transmission overheats, shift

cause transmission damage.

gaged.

to N (Neutral) and operate the

Clutch drive and sliding gear PTOs

engine at 1,200 to 1,500 rpm

<PTO engagement — Sliding gear

are used in applications which

until it cools (2 to 3 minutes).

PTOs>

require only part-time operation of

the PTO or the capability to

Converter driven PTO

CAUTION

engage or disengage the driven

equipment. For clutch drive PTOs,

z Never engage the sliding gear

The PTO is mounted on the left and/

the following applies:

1) the

PTO by clashing the gear

or right side of the transmission

engagement/disengagement pro-

teeth. This may damage the

housing. The PTO drivetrain consists

vision is facilitated by a hydraulic

PTO unit. Stop the clashing by

of a large drive gear in the transmis-

clutch mechanism in the PTO

releasing the vehicle brakes

sion, an idler gear arrangement, and

assembly;

2) the PTO can be

and allowing the vehicle to

a smaller driven gear in the PTO.

move slightly or by moving the

engaged or disengaged at any

The drive gear is integral to the

shift selector from a drive

time (except at engine speeds that

transmission rotating clutch hous-

range to N (Neutral) and back

ing, which rotates at the same speed

exceed drive speed limits imposed

to a drive range.

as the torque converter turbine. With

on the driven equipment).

this drive configuration the PTO

Engage the PTO drivetrain as fol-

lows.

10 - 22

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VEHICLE OPERATION

z Turn the PTO switch on.

The transmission operates in either

z Set the engine speed at idle.

converter mode or torque converter

CAUTION

z Place shift selector lever in D

clutch mode. In converter mode, the

torque converter

(lockup) clutch is

(Drive).

Do not exceed the engagement

and operational speed limits

not engaged and the PTO is driven

z Shift the PTO power shift clutch

imposed on the driven equip-

through the torque converter, pro-

lever to Drive.

ment during the operation of

ducing a torque at the PTO drive

z Bring the engine up to speed.

the PTO. Exceeding the speed

gear that is always greater than the

z Shift to N (Neutral).

limits produces high hydraulic

input torque. In torque converter

pressure in the PTO that can

clutch mode, the torque converter

Disengage the PTO drivetrain as fol-

damage the PTO components.

(lockup) clutch is engaged, the PTO

lows.

Consult the vehicle manufac-

drivetrain is driven at a speed pro-

turer’s literature for these

z Stop the vehicle.

portional to the engine speed.

speed limits.

z Idle the engine.

The PTO drive is normally in contin-

Some vehicles creep in range

z Set the brake.

uous converter mode operation

at low vehicle speeds while

z Place the shift selector in a drive

maintaining a specified engine

when the transmission is in P (Park)

range.

speed for PTO operation (e.g.,

and R (Reverse). Torque converter

paint stripers and feed lot

clutch operation in N

(Neutral) is

z Stop the PTO-driven equipment.

trucks). For PTO operation at

available for some applications. If

z Disengage the power takeoff.

low speeds, do not use the

the PTO is used with the transmis-

z Return the transmission shift

brakes to limit vehicle speed

sion in D (Drive) or another forward

selector to N (Neutral).

while using the throttle to

range, transmission shifts (both con-

z Turn the PTO switch to off.

maintain an engine speed

verter/torque converter clutch mode

above idle when the transmis-

shifts and shifts between gears) are

sion is in range. Such opera-

The PTO will engage only when the

tion

will

cause

the

based on the automatic shift

PTO switch is on, the throttle posi-

transmission to overheat.

sequence of the transmission shift

tion is low, and engine speed and

Extended operation at elevated

controls. PTO drive gear speed will

output speed are within the limits

temperatures will result in

be affected each time a shift occurs.

specified by body builders.

transmission damage.

With the vehicle stopped and the

engine at idle, PTO output speed is

10 - 23

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VEHICLE OPERATION

dependent upon the transmission

ALLISON 3000 automatic

gear selection.

transmission (Optional for

z If the transmission is in D (Drive)

UD2600 and UD3000)

CAUTION

or R (Reverse), the PTO output

The Allison automatic transmissions

speed is zero.

Do not exceed the engagement

have 6 forward and 1 reverse gear

z If the transmission is in N (Neutral)

and operational speed limits

ranges.

or P (Park), the PTO output will

imposed on the driven equip-

rotate slowly.

ment during the operation of

Selector switch

the PTO. Exceeding the speed

In some vehicles, the transmission

The Range selector switch is used to

limits produces high hydraulic

will shift into N (Neutral) regardless

shift the gear to the desired driving

pressure in the PTO-driven

of the shift selector position under

range from among 6 forward ranges

components that can damage

the following conditions.

and the reverse range. When the

the PTO-driven components.

z the PTO is enabled

switch is pushed, the selected range

Consult the vehicle manufac-

z the transmission output speed is

is displayed on the left side of the

turer’s literature for these

near zero

digital display of the selector. With

speed limits.

z the throttle position is near zero

When the PTO is disengaged

the

switch, the range can

To reselect a range, the operator

due to overspeed, the PTO will

be selected. While driving forward,

must shift into N (Neutral), then shift

be automatically re-engaged at

each time the

switch is pushed

to the desired range.

user specified speed, which is

once, the selector range is shifted

typically relatively low. The

downward by one gear, and each

resultant re-engagement shock

could cause damage to a high-

time the

switch is pushed once,

inertia PTO system.

the selector range is shifted upward

by one gear. The selected range is

displayed on the left side of the digi-

tal display of the selector, and the

range in operation on the right side.

10 - 24

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VEHICLE OPERATION

(R): Reverse Position —

(3): Third Range —

z This position is used when moving

z This position is used when strong

WARNING

the vehicle backwards. The

engine braking is needed while the

Always apply the service

backup light comes on and the

vehicle is descending a slope.

brakes when selecting R

back buzzer sounds and the back

Shifting between gears

1 -

3 is

(Reverse). The range selected

buzzer sounds in the cabin.

done automatically.

may not be obtained, resulting

(N): Neutral Position —

(2): Second Range —

in unexpected vehicle motion.

z This position is used when starting

z This position is used when strong

Do not allow the vehicle to

the engine, for warming up the

engine braking is needed. Shifting

coast in N (Neutral). If you let

engine, and when stopped.

between gears 1 - 2 is done auto-

the vehicle coast in N (Neu-

tral), there is no engine brak-

(D): Driving Position —

matically.

ing and you could lose control.

z This is the position used during

(1): First Range —

Coasting can also cause

normal driving. Shifting between

This position can be used during

severe transmission damage.

gears 1 - 6 is done automatically,

rough road conditions, when free-

according to engine load and

ing the vehicle from mud or deep

speed.

snow, when driving at very slow

WARNING

(5): Fifth Range —

speed through narrow spaces,

z This position is used when a small

when climbing or descending

Without applying the service

amount of engine braking is

steep slopes, or when the maxi-

brakes, parking brake, or emer-

needed. Shifting between gears 1 -

mum amount of engine braking

gency brake:

5 is done automatically.

force is required. The transmission

z Do not make shifts from R

(4): Fourth Range —

remains in 1st gear and does not

(Reverse) to N

(Neutral).

z This position is used when engine

shift.

Selecting N (Neutral) does not

braking is needed while the vehicle

apply vehicle brakes unless an

is descending a slope. Shifting

auxiliary system to apply the

between gears 1 - 4 is done auto-

parking brake is installed.

matically.

10 - 26

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VEHICLE OPERATION

Do not make shifts from N

The transmission incorpo-

Downshifting to a lower trans-

(Neutral) to a forward range or

rates a hold feature to prohibit

mission range increases

from N (Neutral) to R (Reverse)

upshifting above the range

engine braking and helps you

to avoid sudden movement of

selected during normal driv-

to maintain control. The trans-

the vehicle.

ing. For downhill operation,

mission has a feature to pre-

Do not make shifts from a for-

select a lower transmission

vent automatic upshifting

ward range to N

(Neutral).

range. If the engine-governed

above the lower range

Selecting N (Neutral) does not

speed is exceeded in the held

selected. However, during

apply vehicle brakes unless an

range, however, the transmis-

downhill operation, if engine

auxiliary system to apply the

sion may upshift to the next

governed speed is exceeded in

parking brake is installed.

higher range. To avoid loss of

the lower range, the transmis-

vehicle control, use the vehicle

sion may upshift to the next

brakes to prevent exceeding

higher range. This will reduce

WARNING

engine governed speed in the

braking and could cause a loss

held range.

of control. Apply the vehicle

D (Drive) and other forward

brakes or other retarding

ranges may not be obtained

device to prevent exceeding

due to an active inhibitor. The

engine governed speed in the

WARNING

range selected may not be

lower range selected.

obtained, resulting in unex-

If you just downshift or just

pected vehicle motion. Always

use service brakes when going

apply the service brakes when

downhill, you can lose control

selecting D (Drive) or other for-

and cause injury and/or prop-

ward ranges.

erty damage. To avoid loss of

control, use a combination of

downshifting, braking, and

other retarding devices.

10 - 27

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VEHICLE OPERATION

vice brake

drive

safe

<Operating with automatic trans-

CAUTION

speed.

mission>

z Do not idle in R (Reverse) or D

Check before engine start

(Drive) for more than 5 min-

z Always use the right foot to oper-

utes. Doing so may cause

transmission overheating and

ate the accelerator pedal and the

damage. Always use N (Neu-

brake pedal in order to prevent

tral) if you need to idle over 5

depressing either by accident.

minutes.

Engine start

Check that the parking brake has

NOTE:

been pulled up.

You must first stop the vehicle

before shifting from a forward

Before starting the engine, make

gear to Reverse, or from

sure that “N N” is displayed on the

Reverse to a forward gear.

digital display. The engine can only

The maximum speed varies by

be started when “N N” is displayed

range. Select an appropriate

on the digital display. If “N N” is not

range depending on situations.

displayed, push the N switch to

When shifting to lower speed

display “N N”.

gears, the transmission is done

within the range where an

engine overrun is not caused.

When the vehicle speed gets

excessively

high

on a

downslope, etc., the transmis-

sion may upshift to a higher

range than the selected range

due to activation of the safety

device. In that case, use the ser-

10 - 28

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VEHICLE OPERATION

Keeping the

brake

pedal

ing to the engine load and speed,

depressed with the right foot, push

the transmission will automatically

the switch and select the range. To

shift from 1st gear, to 2nd, to 3rd...

move the vehicle forward, select D

up to the maximum gear for the

(Drive), to move backwards select

selected range.

R (Reverse).

NOTE:

z Shifting with the power mode

switch can be done only during

the engine running.

z The engine protection function

NOTE:

may provide torque derating to

prevent the engine from being

z After the engine is started, warm

damaged, in this case, also shift

up the engine. When the fluid

shock might occur.

temperature is low during win-

tertime, only “N”, “R” and the

lowest speed gear of “D” can be

CAUTION

used.

z When the engine can be started

If the phenomenon in which

If the engine speed is high, the

in any range other than

“N”,

upshifts and downshifts are

gear is not engaged. Then, turn

there is something wrong. Con-

repeated (shift hunting) occurs

the engine throttle control knob to

tact the nearest authorized UD

while driving, shift to a lower

the AUTO position to lower the

Trucks dealer.

speed gear range using the

speed.

z Avoid attempting to start your

switch.

To start the vehicle on a level

vehicle by pushing or towing.

ground, select the “D” range.

Starting to move the vehicle

Release the parking brake. Lift

z With the power mode switch,

your foot off of the brake pedal.

select normal or power mode.

When traveling forward, accelera-

tion begins from 1st gear. Accord-

10 - 29

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VEHICLE OPERATION

Stopping and parking

When the accelerator pedal is

When stopping temporarily, leave

gradually depressed to accel-

the shift lever in the D (Drive) posi-

erate the vehicle or to maintain

tion. Be sure to keep the brake

the constant speed when

climbing slopes, kickdown

pedal depressed with the right

may occur, leading to an

foot. In this way, there is no need

increase of the engine speed,

to return the selector switch to N

but it is not a failure.

(Neutral).

Before shifting the range from

When stopping for 5 minutes or

“N” to “D” or “R” or from “D”

longer, shift to the N (Neutral) posi-

to “R”, allow the engine to idle.

tion.

Before shifting the range to the

When parking, first stop the vehi-

position above the

1st gear,

cle, then shift to N (Neutral). Then

release the accelerator pedal.

slowly release the brake pedal and

check that the lock has been

SHIFT LIMIT warning message

engaged. Then firmly set the park-

The selector digital display, LH

ing brake.

(selection range) character (can be

Each time you park the vehicle or

“R”,

“6”,

“5”,

“4”,

“3”,

“2” or

“1”)

flashes when there has been an

leave the operator’s station with

error in operation or when the safety

the engine running, do the follow-

circuit has been activated. It indi-

ing.

cates that the change from the cur-

1.Bring the vehicle to a complete

rent shift to another specified shift

stop using the service brake.

cannot be done.

2.Ensure that the engine is at low

idle rpm.

3.Put the transmission in N (Neu-

tral).

10 - 30

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VEHICLE OPERATION

4.Apply the emergency brake and/or

If the selector switch is accidentally

parking brake, if present, and

WARNING

pushed to reverse while traveling for-

make sure it is properly engaged.

ward, the transmission is designed

z When depressing the accelera-

not to shift into reverse gear until

5.Slowly release the service brake.

tor pedal or when the engine

road speed is very low. To avoid shift

6.If the operator’s station will be

speed is higher than the idling

shock, always come to a full stop

unoccupied with the engine run-

speed, do not shift the selector

before shifting from forward to

ning, chock the wheels and take

switch from N to the forward or

reverse or from reverse to forward.

any other steps necessary to keep

R range.

It is very dangerous as the

the vehicle from moving.

Using the engine to slow the vehi-

vehicle might jump suddenly

cle

forward or backward. The

Accelerator pedal control

To use the engine as a braking force,

transmission might also be

The position of the accelerator pedal

shift the selector to the next lower

damaged.

influences the automatic shifting.

range. If the vehicle is exceeding the

When the pedal is fully depressed,

maximum speed for a lower gear,

the transmission will automatically

Downshift or reverse inhibitor fea-

use the service brakes to slow the

upshift near the governed speed of

ture

vehicle to an acceptable speed

the engine. A partially depressed

The transmission hydraulic system

where the transmission may be

position of the pedal will cause the

will not permit a shift into any forward

downshifted safely.

upshifts to occur at a lower engine

gear at a speed that will cause

speed.

excessive engine overspeed. Any

Parking brake

lower forward range may be selected

There is no park position in the

at any time, but the actual engage-

transmission shift pattern. Therefore,

ment of the gears in that range will

always put the selector in neutral

not occur until road speed is reduced

and apply the parking brake to hold

— downshifting is progressive as

the vehicle when it is unattended.

road speed decreases. The inhibitor

effect will cause downshifts to occur

Driving on ice or snow

at slightly higher speeds than normal

Here is where all of your ability as a

automatic downshifts.

professional driver comes into focus

10 - 31

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VEHICLE OPERATION

regardless of what transmission you

engine to return to idle. This proce-

CAUTION

have. If possible, reduce your speed

dure may be repeated in D (Drive)

and select a lower range before you

and R (Reverse) if each directional

z If the wheels are stuck and not

lose traction. Select the range that

shift continues to move the vehicle a

turning, do not apply full

will not exceed the speed you expect

greater distance. Never make N

power for more than 30 sec-

to maintain. Accelerate or decelerate

(Neutral)-to-D

(Drive) or directional

onds in either D (Drive) or R

very gradually to prevent losing trac-

shift changes when the engine rpm

(Reverse). Full power for more

tion. It is very important to slow grad-

is above idle.

than 30 seconds under these

ually when a lower range is selected.

conditions will cause the

It is important that you reach the

transmission to overheat. If the

lower range selected before attempt-

WARNING

transmission overheats, shift

ing to accelerate. This will avoid an

to N (Neutral) and operate the

To avoid injury or property

unexpected downshift during accel-

engine at 1,200 to 1,500 rpm

damage caused by sudden

eration.

until it cools (2 to 3 minutes).

movement of the vehicle, do

not make shifts from N (Neu-

Rocking out

When descending slopes or down-

tral) to a forward range or R

If the vehicle is stuck in deep sand,

shifting

(Reverse) when the accelerator

snow, or mud, it may be possible to

z When descending a slope, down-

pedal is depressed. The vehi-

rock it out. Shift to D

(Drive) and

shift to D54321 depend-

cle will lurch forward or rear-

apply steady, light throttle (never full

ing on the conditions of the slope

ward and the transmission can

throttle). When the vehicle has

and use engine braking. In addi-

be damaged. Avoid this condi-

rocked forward as far as it will go,

tion by making shifts from N

tion, use exhaust braking in combi-

apply and hold the vehicle service

(Neutral) to a forward range or

nation for safe driving.

brakes. Allow the engine to return to

R (Reverse) only when the

z Be careful not to let the engine

idle; then select R

(Reverse).

throttle is closed.

overrun while driving

(especially,

Release the brakes and apply a

descending slopes).

steady, light throttle and allow the

vehicle to rock in R (Reverse) as far

as it will go. Again, apply and hold

the service brakes and allow the

10 - 32

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VEHICLE OPERATION

BRAKE OPERATION

2.When descending a grade, first

WARNING

UD1800 thru UD2600 equipped with

use engine braking by selecting

air-over-hydraulic service brakes

the same transmission gear which

Do not rest your foot on the

and spring-activated rear wheel

would be appropriate for going up

brake pedal while driving.

parking brakes. UD3300 equipped

the grade. Supplement the engine

Avoid extended braking with

with full-air service brake and spring-

the service brakes only. Either

braking with exhaust braking and

activated rear wheel parking brake.

may cause the brake drums to

finally with service brakes as nec-

Auxiliary exhaust braking and engine

overheat, the linings to wear

essary to maintain a safe vehicle

braking provide additional braking

excessively, and/or cause a

speed.

action.

drop in braking pressure

3.Do not abruptly apply the brakes

resulting in a reduction in

Service brakes

except in an emergency. Always

braking effectiveness and

1.For normal stops, supplement the

maintain sufficient distance from

increased stopping distances.

service brakes with engine braking

the vehicle in front of you. Allow for

Repeated brake pedal pumping

by downshifting the transmission

additional stopping distance as

uses air needed for braking

at the same time that the service

vehicle load increases and when

action and reduces braking

brakes are applied.

effectiveness.

operating your vehicle on slippery

Never operate the vehicle

road surfaces.

when the AIR PRESSURE

WARNING

warning light is on or the low

CAUTION

air pressure warning buzzer is

Avoid applying the service

z Driving through deep water

sounding.

brakes when the manual trans-

Check the low air pressure

may get the wheel brakes wet

mission/automatic transmis-

warning system regularly.

and stopping distance will be

sion is in neutral. When the

When the vehicle has been

longer than normal.

transmission is in neutral,

parked for long periods in cold

Make sure there is no other

there is neither engine braking

climates, moisture on the

vehicles around you, then dry

nor exhaust braking. This

brake linings may freeze, mak-

the brakes by applying them

ing the brakes inoperative.

results in an increased load on

gently several times while the

Check braking action by oper-

the service brakes and even-

vehicle is moving slowly.

ating the brakes while driving

tual reduced braking effi-

the vehicle at a low speed.

ciency.

10 - 33

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VEHICLE OPERATION

(ABS) Anti-lock Brake System

faces.

may lock the driving wheel, and

Also, in deep snow, on gravel

the vehicle can become unstable.

The ABS, when it activates, properly

roads, or when tire chains are

In this case, release the clutch,

controls the slippage of wheels and

installed, if the ABS activates, the

and apply the brake.

effectively utilizes frictions between

stopping distance may be slightly

When decelerating on slippery or

tires and road surfaces. It is a device

that enhances safety, but it does not

longer than the models without

uneven road surface with the auxil-

enable you to drive beyond the limi-

ABS.

iary brake (exhaust brake) applied,

tations. Follow the precautions

Always take into account the road

if wheel slippage occurs, the auxil-

below, and always drive safely.

conditions, tire conditions, etc.,

iary brake may be automatically

maintain a safe distance from the

released and the indicator light

Confirm that the warning light illu-

vehicle in front of you, and drive at

goes out. This is a normal opera-

minates when the ignition key is

safe speeds.

tion of ABS, and it is not a malfunc-

turned to the ON position and that

The ABS helps to prevent the

tion. Pay attention to the road

it goes out after about

3.0 sec-

wheel slippage when the brake is

conditions and the distance

onds.

applied, and it does not function for

between vehicles, and always

The motor operating sound may

the slippage when the accelerator

drive safely.

be temporarily heard from the

pedal is applied or when turning.

frame side when the vehicle speed

Also, even if the ABS activates, on

reaches 4 mph (7 km/h) each time

CAUTION

a frozen and very slippery road,

after the engine is started. This is

the steering wheel operation can

z When installing an electronic

the sound of the ABS operation

be difficult due to the loss of con-

device such as radio or com-

check, and it is not a malfunction.

trol.Always drive at safe speeds,

munication equipment, be

When the ABS is in operation, the

and avoid abrupt braking or steer-

careful not to affect the func-

operating sound is intermittently

ing operations as much as possi-

tion of the ABS. Contact an

heard. This is not a malfunction.

ble.

authorized UD Trucks dealer if

The stopping distance on slippery

you have any unclear points.

When driving with the transmission

road surfaces will be longer than

in a lower gear position on a frozen

on normal, dry, paved road sur-

and slippery road, engine braking

10 - 34

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VEHICLE OPERATION

Parking brake

PARKING YOUR VEHICLE

Before operating the vehicle,

Whenever it is possible, park the

<Spring-activated rear wheel park-

release the parking brake.

vehicle on a level ground. When

ing brake>

Make sure that the PARKING

parking on a slope or off the road,

The rear axle brake shoes are

BRAKE warning light goes out.

use wheel chocks in addition to the

mechanically actuated by a spring

If the parking brake is not

parking brake.

system when the parking brake are

released, the brake system

applied. To apply the parking brake,

may be damaged resulting in a

pull the parking brake valve on the

loss of braking effectiveness.

WARNING

cab floor in rear of the transmission

When parking on a slope or off

gear shift lever. Push the valve down

the road, use wheel chocks in

Always place the transmission

to release the parking brake.

addition to the parking brake.

in neutral position

(Manual

transmission) or P (Park) or N

(Neutral) position

(Automatic

WARNING

transmission) to prevent unin-

tended engine startup result-

Never apply the parking brake

ing

from

sudden

when the vehicle is moving.

unexpected vehicle movement.

Such application will lock the

Always set the parking brake.

rear wheels and may result in

Do not leave the vehicle unat-

loss of vehicle control, could

tended with the engine run-

cause damage to the driveline

ning.

and/or brake drum on the

Avoid parking in a place where

transmission.

there are flammable objects

Do not operate the parking

such as dry grass, etc. They

brake valve when someone is

may ignite and cause a fire due

working near the rear axle. The

to the high temperature of the

movements of the parking

engine and exhaust system.

brake actuating rod may cause

serious injury.

10 - 35

UD Trucks. Owner’s Manual (2011-2013) - page 9