Military reference books and manuals (2009-2023, Volume 5)

Procedure for Energy Isolation - Electrical

Page 32 of 32

Revision/Review Log

Revision Date

Authority

Custodian

Revision Details

24 Aug 2004

Central

EI (electrical)

Initial issue as controlled document

Engineering

Technical

Senior Authority

Authority

18 June 2007

Steve Grittner

Yvonne Hepburn

Table of Contents changed as follows:

(Central

EI (electrical)

Sub-sections included into the Table of Contents.

Engineering

Technical

General:

Senior

Authority

Throughout the procedure the document

Authority)

numbering for referred procedures has been

changed.

Section 1. Introduction:

1.1 is now Scope. 1.2 is now General

Requirements. 1.3 is now Stopping Unsafe Work.

1.4 is now Deviations. 1.5 is now Document

Review. 1.6 is now BP Golden Rules of Safety.

1.7 is now SSOW Specific Cross References. 1.8

is now Language Facilitation. 1.9 is now

Procedure Summary. 1.10 is now Document

review.

Section 2. Roles and Responsibilities:

2.6 Responsible Electrical Person: Added on to

end of paragraph, “and assessed by site Electrical

Technical Authority or delegate”. 2.11Competent

Isolator: Added into the paragraph after REP is

“with the agreement of the ETA”.

Section 6. Isolation & Planning:

6.4 Isolation Methods: New sub-section added

titled “(d) Prove Dead, Disconnect, Label”. 6.5

Isolation Standards: Note 4 added to the standard

stating “Competent Isolator perform isolations for

the specific equipment and voltage that they have

been authorized for”.

Section 7. Isolation Implementation and

Control:

7.5 Operational Locks; Added into

the second paragraph after maintenance is “or for

transformer offload tap chargers”.

Appendices.

2 additional appendices included to the document

as follows:

 Procedure Summary

 Procedure Feedback & Improvement

Suggestions

Control Tier:

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Revision Date: <<18 June 2007>>

Document Number: << AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00048-2>>

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Procedure for Energy Isolation - Process

Page 2 of 40

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

1.1

PURPOSE

1.2

SCOPE

1.3

LEGISLATION & STANDARDS

1.4

COMPANY REQUIREMENTS

1.5

STOPPING UNSAFE WORK

1.6

DEVIATIONS

1.7

DOCUMENT REVIEW

1.8

SSOW SPECIFIC CROSS REFERENCES

1.9

ENERGY ISOLATION GOLDEN RULES OF SAFETY

1.10

LANGUAGE FACILITATION

1.11

PROCEDURE SUMMARY

DEFINITIONS

2.1

DEFINITIONS

2.2

ABBREVIATIONS

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

3.1

PERFORMANCE UNIT LEADER

3.2

ASSET MANAGER

3.3

OFFSHORE INSTALLATION MANAGER (OIM)/SITE CONTROLLER (SC)/SITE MANAGER (SM)9

3.4

AREA AUTHORITY (AA)

3.5

ISOLATING AUTHORITY (IA)

3.6

PERFORMING AUTHORITY (PA)

3.7

MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL

3.8

THE ONSHORE SUPPORT ENGINEER

3.9

CUSTODIAN

MONITORING AND AUDITING OF ISOLATIONS

4.1

MONITORING

4.2

SELF-REGULATION AND AUDIT

COMPETENCY, TRAINING AND AWARENESS

5.1

GENERAL

5.2

LEVELS OF TRAINING

THE ISOLATION CONFIRMATION CERTIFICATION (ICC) PROCESS

6.1

GENERAL

ISOLATION REVIEW AND LEVEL 2 RISK ASSESSMENT PROCESS

7.1

REVIEW AND RISK ASSESSMENT PROCESS

7.2

REJECTION OF ISOLATION DESIGN

7.3

RISK ASSESSMENT OF NON-COMPLIANT ISOLATIONS

7.4

RISK ASSESSMENT RECORDS

7.5

HAZARDOUS WORK

TYPES OF ISOLATIONS

8.1

BOUNDARY ISOLATIONS

8.2

LONG-TERM ISOLATIONS

8.3

PERSONAL ISOLATIONS

8.4

ADDITIONAL ISOLATIONS

8.5

ISOLATION FOR CONFINED SPACE ENTRY

8.6

PROVISION FOR ISOLATIONS DURING MODIFICATION OF DESIGN AND NEW FACILITIES.. 15

8.7

ISOLATION OF HIGH PRESSURE SMALL BORE PIPING

Control Tier: <<2>>

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Procedure for Energy Isolation - Process

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INTRODUCTION

1.1

PURPOSE

The purpose of this document is to ensure there is clarity to the detailed requirements that

applies to the preparation for isolation and reinstatement of process, utility and drilling

systems.

1.2

SCOPE

The contents of this procedure are applicable to all BP owned and managed sites /

installations in Azerbaijan and Georgia. Contractors working on BP owned or managed sites

/ installations are also responsible for alignment with this procedure.

This document does not replace the procedures prepared and adopted by specialist

contractors. Neither does it supersede any national and local regulatory requirements.

This procedure contributes to compliance with the “HSE expectations” contained in “getting

HSE right”, the „Golden Rules of Safety‟ and the Control of Work (CoW) standard that the

Hazards associated with BP activities are identified and that the Risks are assessed and

managed.

All guidelines contained shall be regarded as the minimum requirements for BP owned or

managed sites / installations in Azerbaijan and Georgia.

The scope covers defined activities of BP and Contractors at all BP AzSPU sites and

installations.

1.3

LEGISLATION & STANDARDS

The aim of this Safe System of Work is to achieve ”no accidents”, “no harm to people” and

“no damage to the environment”. To achieve this aim, this SSOW complies with National

Legislation, the terms of the Production Sharing Agreement (PSA) and mandatory BP

Standards.

The best International Oil Industry practice and relevant goal setting legislation have been

adopted to reduce the level of risk to as low as reasonably practicable and therefore well

below that mandated by applicable statutory laws and regulations.

In the absence of local regulations, BP Group Standards will apply. In addition, appropriate

UK and US regulations and industry best practice have been considered in setting suitable

goals and targets.

1.4

COMPANY REQUIREMENTS

It is a company requirement that all tasks are subjected to an assessment of risk to

demonstrate that risks have been reduced to as low a level as reasonably practicable

(ALARP). This can be achieved by complying with the Company‟s existing standards. Where

compliance with Company standards cannot reasonably be achieved, a formal level 2 Risk

Assessment will be undertaken to identify any additional controls and demonstrate that risks

remain as low as reasonably practicable. Whether by compliance with Company Standards

or through level 2 Risk Assessment, the Company‟s Golden Rules of Safety must be

complied with. Golden Rules are non-negotiable.

Control Tier: <<2>>

Revision Date: 14 Sept 2007

Document Number: << AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00049-2>>

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Procedure for Energy Isolation - Process

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1.5

STOPPING UNSAFE WORK

To stop the continuation of potentially unsafe work at the earliest possible stage the Control

of Work (CoW) Policy and this procedure for Energy Isolation - Process make it very clear

that all personnel are obliged and have the authority to “STOP” the work that they consider

to be unsafe.

1.6

DEVIATIONS

This procedure is written in sufficient detail that it should be able to be applied consistently

at all sites / installations. There may still be the requirement for some local rules covering

site

/ installation specific logistical/administrative arrangements and local variations in

responsibilities to reflect differences in organisational arrangements. These local rules

should not deviate from the core processes within this document. Any form of deviation from

this procedure, including but not limited to local rules, shall be requested and authorised in

accordance with SSOW, Deviations from Regulations and Procedures procedure (Doc. No:

AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00011-2).

1.7

DOCUMENT REVIEW

This document will be reviewed on an annual basis when users from the sites / installations

will have an opportunity to propose changes to the existing processes and procedures. The

document Technical Authority will be responsible for coordinating this review.

1.8

SSOW SPECIFIC CROSS REFERENCES

This SSOW procedure shall, where appropriate, be used in conjunction with this suite of BP

AzSPU SSOW Procedures referenced below.

Document Number

Title of Procedure

AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00011-2

Deviations from Regulations and Procedures

AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00054-2

Incident Investigation and Reporting

AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00060-2

Permit To Work

AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00012-2

Authorization

AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00063-2

Task Risk Assessment

AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00048-2

Energy Isolations-Electrical

AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00013-2

Confined Space Entry

AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00055-2

Leak Testing

AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00002-2

BP Control of Work Standards

1.9

ENERGY ISOLATION GOLDEN RULES OF SAFETY

Energy Isolation is one of BP‟s Golden Rules. It states that:

Any isolation of energy systems, e.g. mechanical, electrical, process, hydraulic, pneumatic,

gravitational, chemical, radioactive, thermal, or other energy source that could cause injury,

cannot proceed unless:

 The method of isolation and discharge of stored energy are agreed and executed by a

competent person(s)

 Any Stored energy is discharged

 A system of locks and tags is utilized at isolation points

 A test is conducted to ensure the isolation is effective

Control Tier: <<2>>

Revision Date: 14 Sept 2007

Document Number: << AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00049-2>>

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Procedure for Energy Isolation - Process

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 Isolation effectiveness is periodically monitored

1.10 LANGUAGE FACILITATION

Due to the various languages spoken at sites / installations, there is a necessity to assist all

with “an ease of understanding”. Therefore, the development and use of information tools

are available.

1.11 PROCEDURE SUMMARY

A Procedure Summary has been developed in a form of a leaflet, which can be carried by

the Line Supervisors while conducting their day-to-day work tasks. The Leaflet summarizes

the contents of this procedure for Energy Isolation - Process. The Procedure Summary can

also be used as a guideline for Line Supervisors to deliver their daily toolbox talk. (See

Appendix E)

DEFINITIONS

2.1

DEFINITIONS

Auto Ignition

The temperature at which a flammable substance would auto ignite without an

external ignition source

Competent

A person who, by reason of his or her training, knowledge, experience and

Person

judgment is considered by management to be capable of planning and

supervising the safe isolation of plant.

Confined Space

A “confined space” is any enclosed space or partially enclosed space which is

large enough that an employee can bodily enter it and perform assigned work,

has limited or restricted means of entry or exit, unfavourable natural ventilation

and is not designed for continuous occupancy.

The general definition of “confined space” shows that many types of spaces

may be considered confined and therefore hazardous - large pipelines, tanks,

vessels, separators, ducts, sewers, mud, pits, flues, manholes and voids

between modules and in legs on offshore installations.

The definition also includes any space in which dangerous levels of

contaminants can accumulate and ventilation is restricted, e.g. excavations

(normally deeper than 1.2m), the space above floating roofs on floating roof

tanks, open topped tanks, closed or unventilated rooms, sumps and culverts

and any other poorly ventilated areas.

Hazardous

Corrosive, toxic or irritant chemical fluid, e.g., nitrogen, steam or hot water,

Utility

drilling mud, diesel oil, Aviation Turbine Kerosene, and other fluids that could

have an environmental impact.

Isolation

A method of preventing the passage of fluids through connecting pipe work

and the disconnection of all forms of motive power in order to allow safe

access to allow intrusive equipment maintenance.

Isolation

This combines in one document a record of all isolations required for a task to

Control Tier: <<2>>

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Document Number: << AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00049-2>>

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Procedure for Energy Isolation - Process

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Confirmation

be carried out safely.

Certificate

Long Term

An isolation that remains in place after permit to work cancellation, and

Isolation

recorded as “Long Term”. A register is maintained of all Long Term Isolations

Mothballed

Equipment that has been taken out of service, and will not be used in the near

future. The equipment is disconnected from all energy sources. No isolation is

required.

Non-hazardous

Cold water, air, etc.

Utility

Performing

These terms shall have the meanings assigned to them in AZSPU-HSSE-

Authority, Area

DOC-00012-2, Authorisation.

Authority and

Isolating

Authority

Positive

Isolation by means of a fixed barrier, such as a blank flange (following spool

Isolation

removal), blind plate or spectacle plate, bolted or clamped in place and

conforming to the pipe work specification, which provides an equivalent

standard of containment to the pipe work in which it is installed.

Process Fluid

Well fluids, produced water, live crude, stabilised crude, gas, NGL or any other

produced fluid containing hydrocarbon gas or liquid. H₂S, Naturally Occurring

Radio-active Material or hydrates may also be present.

Reasonably

This term implies that an evaluation of costs versus benefits must be made.

Practicable

Where the cost or difficulty of a precaution is grossly out of proportion to the

reduction in risk likely to be achieved by implementing the precaution, the

precaution can be considered not reasonably practicable.

Any additional risks that may arise while installing or removing the precaution

must also be taken into consideration in determining what is reasonably

practicable.

Secondary

A method of isolation normally used only to support process isolation involving

means of

valves, with the objective being process isolation, e.g., isolation of an actuator

isolation

before isolating the appropriate valve, or isolation of an emergency shutdown

panel, providing a closed signal to a valve, disconnecting the actuator air

supply and then isolating the appropriate valve.

Spade

A physical obstruction to flow whose design characteristics are the same as

the plant, equipment and / or systems into which the obstruction is inserted,

e.g., a spade, spectacle blind or line blind.

Toxic Material

Material, which can cause harm by means of inhalation, ingestion or

Control Tier: <<2>>

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Procedure for Energy Isolation - Process

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absorption.

2.2

ABBREVIATIONS

Area Authority

AzSPU

Azerbaijan Strategic Performance Unit

Carbon Dioxide

CO2

CARA

Chemical Agents Risk Assessment

COSHH

Control of Substances Hazardous to Health

COW

Control of Work

CoW

Control of Work

DBB

Double Block and Bleed

ESD

Emergency Shutdown

H₂S

Hydrogen Sulphide

Isolating Authority

ICC

Isolation Confirmation Certificate

L2RA

Level 2 Risk Assessment

Locked Closed

Locked Open

LSA

Low Specific Activity

MSDS

Material Safety Data Sheets

Nitrogen

NORM

Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material

OIM

Offshore Installation Manager

OSM

Operations Safety Manual

Performing Authority

PSA

Production Sharing Agreement

PTW

Permit to Work

Site Controller

Site Manager

SSOW

Safe System of Work

STT

Sanction to Test

SVI

Single Valve Isolation

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

3.1

PERFORMANCE UNIT LEADER

The Performance Unit Leader is responsible for operating in accordance with this document

and for the self-regulation of compliance.

3.2

ASSET MANAGER

The Asset Managers are responsible for:

 Ensuring that the Processes applied at their sites are authorised by them prior to

implementation

 Periodic internal review

Control Tier: <<2>>

Revision Date: 14 Sept 2007

Document Number: << AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00049-2>>

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Procedure for Energy Isolation - Process

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3.3

OFFSHORE INSTALLATION MANAGER (OIM)/SITE CONTROLLER (SC)/SITE MANAGER (SM)

The OIM/Site Controller/Site Manager is responsible for ensuring that those performing the

roles of Area Authority, Isolating Authority and Performing Authority are competent to do so

and have overall responsibility for the implementation of the Permit to Work and isolation

procedures at their site. They are responsible for:



Ensuring the operation and assurance of the isolation procedure at their site, acting

upon all recommendations and proposing system improvements



Authorising the Area Authority and Isolating Authority (in writing) as competent to

carry out their responsibilities within the Permit To Work and isolations procedures



Maintaining a control log of all authorised personnel. Details of this control log are

included in AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00012-2 Authorization



Communicating the responsibilities of key participants within the isolations procedures

to those personnel under their direction



Approving all Level 2 Risk Assessments undertaken for non-compliant isolations



Ensuring the required competent personnel are available at the installation to carry

out isolation activities



Ensuring that plant and equipment isolations are subjected to the appropriate level of

self-regulation and audit

3.4

AREA AUTHORITY (AA)

The Area Authority is responsible for approving the isolation design, providing assurance

that the design achieves the highest quality of isolation reasonably practicable. He/She can

delegate the detailed isolation design to an Isolating Authority. The Area Authority is then

responsible for authorising the work to proceed under the appropriate controls. They are

responsible for:

 Ensuring only authorized personnel perform isolations

 Advising the OIM

/ Site Controller

/ Site Manager on Isolating Authority

(IA)

competence

 Ensuring isolation specification, application, removal, certification and security are

accomplished in accordance with this procedure

 Facilitating the Risk Assessment process in accordance with AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-

00063-2 Task Risk Assessment

 Approving all Energy Isolations

 The weekly review and quarterly audit of long-term isolations

 The control of all lock-off devices and tags involved with isolations

3.5

ISOLATING AUTHORITY (IA)

The Isolating Authority is responsible for:

 The specification, application, removal and recording of Energy Isolations in support

of a Permit to Work

 The design of process isolation when requested by the Area Authority. When

designing the isolation the Isolating Authority must agree the scope and content of

isolation with appropriate personnel e.g. the Performing Authority.

 Isolating specific sections of plant or items of equipment to the highest quality and

security of isolation, which is reasonably practicable.

 Demonstrating to the Performing Authority the integrity of the Energy Isolations

 Monitoring of isolations in-place

Control Tier: <<2>>

Revision Date: 14 Sept 2007

Document Number: << AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00049-2>>

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Procedure for Energy Isolation - Process

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3.6

PERFORMING AUTHORITY (PA)

The Performing Authority is the person charged with the responsibility of carrying out the

work and has the right to request demonstration of the integrity of any isolation. They are

responsible for checking that Energy Isolations `have been implemented in accordance with

the isolation specification before starting work.

3.7

MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL

Maintenance personnel work under the direction of the Isolating Authority and are

responsible for installing the means of isolation (e.g., spades) and removing equipment /

pipe work (e.g., spool pieces) taking into consideration the equipment rating and service.

3.8

THE ONSHORE SUPPORT ENGINEER

The Onshore Support Engineer is responsible for providing engineering advice and

guidance to the Area Authority.

3.9

CUSTODIAN

The custodian of this document is the Technical Authority for Energy Isolations Process.

The TA is responsible for ensuring that an annual review of this document is carried out.

MONITORING AND AUDITING OF ISOLATIONS

4.1

MONITORING

The integrity of each isolation point shall be monitored at suitable intervals to detect any

actual leakage or deterioration in condition caused, for example, by vibration or disturbance

(or changing pressure upstream). This monitoring may involve partial testing of valve

isolations. The minimum recommended frequency of monitoring is once per shift and

immediately prior to breaking containment. The results of any monitoring of isolation integrity

shall be recorded and will form part of the shift handover.

4.2

SELF-REGULATION AND AUDIT

Each Site / Installation shall:

 Undertake internal audits of the operation of Energy Isolations at each site.

 Maintain an Audit Register.

 Have in place a system for tracking recommendations through to closeout.

 Periodically review isolation-related activities including review of individual isolations

and the overall isolation process. Such reviews may also include:

o General compliance with this document and any local procedures

o The Level 2 Risk Assessment of non-compliant isolations and the extent of any

approved deviations

o A register of competent Isolating Authorities

The use of a standard audit checklist is recommended, to allow comparison with externals

audit results. Audits, which are independent of the location, shall be carried out and will form

part of the Site Safety Adviser‟s audit programme and the HSE compliance assurance

programme. The recommended frequency of audit is as follows:

Installation /Site personnel

1 permit and isolation confirmation (ICC) certificate per day

Site Safety Adviser

1 permit and isolation confirmation (ICC) certificate per week

SM / SC / OIM

1 permit and isolation confirmation (ICC) certificate per month

Control Tier: <<2>>

Revision Date: 14 Sept 2007

Document Number: << AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00049-2>>

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Procedure for Energy Isolation - Process

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Note: Audits should be a cross section of activities ongoing i.e. hot work, cold work, and

spark potential. Installation

/ Site personnel should carry out audits of individual tasks

covering both the PTW and the Isolation Confirmation Certificate (ICC) on a regular basis.

The SM / SC / OIM shall carry out regular internal reviews of the findings of Energy Isolation

Certificates, to ensure that any critical failings in the system, or its manner of

implementation, have been identified and appropriate actions have been or will be taken.

The Site / Installation HSE Department as part of their audit schedule shall carry out Energy

Isolation audits. Such audits shall examine a cross section of at least

20 Energised

Isolations together with compliance to this procedure and any deviations in place.

The results of the audit shall be discussed with Management and issued for information and

action as appropriate.

COMPETENCY, TRAINING AND AWARENESS

5.1

GENERAL

All personnel involved in Energy Isolations-Process shall be trained and deemed competent.

The competency of all relevant personnel shall be determined during the planning process

for any particular risk assessment. The Area Authority and/or Line Supervisor shall ensure

that the personnel involved in the activity have the correct competencies by examining

records, or requesting individuals to produce relevant certification.

5.2

LEVELS OF TRAINING

A training programme providing initial and refresher training and trainee assessment on the

contents of this document shall be carried out involving all personnel responsible for the

specification, approval, application and recording of process isolations.

The competency requirements for Energy Isolation - Process for Site Managers / Site

Controllers / Offshore Installation Managers / Area Authorities / Department Heads shall be

in accordance with AzSPU Training Policy (AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00088-2).

In special circumstances individuals can be assessed as competent isolators for specific

items of equipment providing that they have completed the formal training and have been

assessed as competent on the specific tasks. Site management is responsible for ensuring

that this is recorded so that it is clear which tasks these individuals are competent to

undertake.

THE ISOLATION CONFIRMATION CERTIFICATION (ICC) PROCESS

6.1

GENERAL

Where isolations are required an Isolation Confirmation Certificate (ICC) must be completed

as detailed in the Permit to Work (PTW) procedure.

The Isolation Confirmation Certificate supports the Permit to Work by providing the means

of:

 Recording the isolations which are required before the task detailed on the associated

Permit to Work can proceed

 Confirming that the isolations have been made for the task to proceed (subject to

authorisation of other certificates e.g., Confined Space Entry)

Control Tier: <<2>>

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Procedure for Energy Isolation - Process

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 Authorisation and recording of de-isolations and isolations which may be required to

test equipment under a Sanction to Test (STT)

 Authorisation and recording of de-isolation on completion of the task detailed on the

associated Permit to Work

Note: The Isolation Confirmation Certificate (ICC) must be completed before the

relevant Permit to Work can be issued

The Area Authority, Isolating Authority and Authorised Electrical Persons involved must be

fully informed of the plant, equipment or system to be worked upon and the scope of work to

be carried out under each permit where isolations are required. Marked-up Process &

Instrument Diagrams and site checks must be utilised to ensure that the plant, equipment or

system is clearly identified for isolation.

When each isolation is complete, the Isolating Authority/Authorised Electrical Person enters

the isolation details onto the Isolation Confirmation Certificate. The certificate must be cross-

referenced to the initial permit and any subsequent permits that utilise the same isolations.

Note: The Isolation Confirmation Certificate is raised before the permit is issued, and

remains in force (as a minimum) until the permit is cancelled.

The Isolation Certificate shall only be cancelled when “WORK is COMPLETE”. The

Area Authority can then sign the “CANCELLATION” section.

A single individual may not define and approve the design of energy isolations. The

Isolating Authorities are responsible for designing the isolation but must liaise with

the Area Authority, Support Engineer (where applicable) and Performing Authority on

the scope, content and application method of proposed isolations.

ISOLATION REVIEW AND LEVEL 2 RISK ASSESSMENT PROCESS

7.1

REVIEW AND RISK ASSESSMENT PROCESS

Where an isolation cannot achieve the standard detailed in Energy Isolations Process the

Area Authority or Support Engineer is responsible for commencing the Isolation Review and

Risk Assessment:

As a minimum, the Area Authority or Support Engineer together with the Isolating Authority,

and the Performing Authority complete a Risk Assessment. There must be three members,

minimum for a Level 2 Risk Assessment.

The completed Risk Assessment shall be submitted to the OIM / SC / SM who will, if

necessary, discuss and clarify the isolation design with the team. If accepted, the OIM / SC /

SM shall approve the Risk Assessment.

When a satisfactory method of achieving isolation is agreed, isolations are planned, carried

out and documented in accordance with the methodology described in the Permit to Work

procedure, Energy Isolations Process procedure and the Task Risk Assessment procedure.

7.2

REJECTION OF ISOLATION DESIGN

Under no circumstances where the Isolation Review procedure is used, shall any proposed

isolation design be carried out without the agreement of the team involved in the Risk

Assessment.

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Where the proposed isolation design is reviewed by the OIM / SC / SM and rejected, new

proposals in accordance with the Process Isolation Selection Chart shall be proposed, or a

new Risk Assessment Record sheet submitted.

Note: No amendments or additions to the Risk Assessment Record sheet shall be made.

7.3

RISK ASSESSMENT OF NON-COMPLIANT ISOLATIONS

In the event that the minimum recommended isolation standard cannot be achieved, a Level

2 Risk Assessment shall be carried out according to the following guidelines:



The assessment team shall specify appropriate safeguards, which may replace or be

in addition to those listed in Table 1 (Appendix A). The team shall be satisfied that

these safeguards shall reduce the risks to an acceptable level before the Level 2 Risk

Assessment is submitted to the OIM / SC / SM for the task requiring isolation is

permitted to proceed



When risk assessing non-compliant isolations, consideration shall be given to the

risks associated with swinging large spades compared with the risk associated with

the lower level of isolation



Consideration shall be given to: extended monitoring periods, prior to breaking

containment, reducing the duration of the tasks, provision of a permanent standby

man and development of a contingency plan for isolation failure



Full consideration shall be given to the alternatives including partial or full production

shutdown or deferral of the work



The recommendations from the Level 2 Risk Assessment shall be approved by the

OIM / SC / SM who may also recommend further review by technical specialists or

management before taking the decision on whether to proceed with the work

7.4

RISK ASSESSMENT RECORDS

The Risk Assessment shall be attached to the appropriate Permit(s).

7.5

HAZARDOUS WORK

Where hazardous or potentially hazardous work such as spading, removing a section of

pipeline, or electrical disconnection is required, a permit must be raised to carry out the

isolation.

TYPES OF ISOLATIONS

There are varying types of isolations, which are described within this section. These include:

 Boundary Isolations

 Long Term Isolation

 Personal Isolations

 Additional Isolations

 Isolation for Confined Space Entry

8.1

BOUNDARY ISOLATIONS

Where an area of plant is isolated such that several activities can safely take place within

this common set of strategically placed isolation points then this can be termed as a

'Boundary Isolation'. It must be clearly identified that the isolation is appropriate for all the

individual tasks to be carried out against the Boundary Isolation. An Isolation Certificate is

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raised and identified, as Boundary Isolation and all individual PTW are cross-referenced to

this Boundary Isolation.

If any of the proposed tasks requires a level of isolation or implementation of control

measures greater than that covered by the Boundary then a separate Isolation Certificate

should be raised for this task.

Once work is in progress and subsequent PTW is applied for within the recognised

framework of the Boundary Isolation, they can be added providing it is clearly established

that the existing isolation is appropriate for the task. However, this should be avoided if

possible and it is preferable to identify all activities when the Boundary Isolation is being

planned.

Entry to a confined space within a boundary requires separate Isolation and a Confined

Space Entry Certificate to be raised.

No isolations within Boundary isolation shall be removed until all applicable PTW having

been cancelled.

If for any reason work on a particular piece of plant within the Boundary needs to be

suspended (e.g. whilst awaiting spares) then a separate isolation shall be implemented and

an ICC raised before the Boundary Isolation can be cancelled.

Where the de-isolation of boundary isolations is proposed, an isolation review team that

includes an Area Authority shall ensure that all associated PTW have been cancelled. They

should also ensure that equipment within the boundary is in a safe condition.

8.2

LONG-TERM ISOLATIONS

Long-term isolations are defined as those that no longer have work performed against them.

Each site should maintain a detailed register of long-term isolations.

Long-term isolations shall be subject to two levels of review:

 A weekly review of the register to check the status of the isolations in place and

whether they should be removed or replaced by a plant modification

 A quarterly audit to physically check all the isolation points to confirm their security

and integrity

 Before any work is recommenced against a long-term isolation, a full integrity check

of the valved isolation shall be carried out.

8.3

PERSONAL ISOLATIONS

Personal isolations are intended for short duration tasks of relatively low risk; for example

replacing pressure gauges, filters or small valves, or other such tasks where the completion

of an ICC is considered to add no significant value in terms of risk reduction. The rules for

approval of a personal isolation are as follows:

 The task and isolation are performed by one person within one shift; the person may

receive assistance from others but he shall be present at all times when work is in

progress

 Before approval, the Area Authority must be satisfied with the competence of the

Performing Authority to both carry out the isolation and execute the work. Personal

isolations shall only be carried out by those deemed to be a competent Isolating

Authority. Where an isolation involves competency in more than one discipline eg

electrical, mechanical, instrument or process, personal isolation is only permissible if

the Performing Authority has all the appropriate isolating competencies

 The same isolation standards apply to personal isolations other than the completion

of the ICC

 The isolation points shall be labelled with a personal isolation label and locked

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 If the worksite is left unattended, the plant shall be left safe, including capping or

plugging of any open ends

An ICC shall be raised whenever these conditions are not adhered to.

8.4

ADDITIONAL ISOLATIONS

An individual Isolation Confirmation Certificate must be completed for each Permit to Work

requiring isolations; unless isolations are controlled by a Boundary Isolation Certificate.

Where working within a defined boundary, further isolations may not be required. However,

where additional isolations are identified, an Isolation Confirmation Certificate will be

required.

8.5

ISOLATION FOR CONFINED SPACE ENTRY

Positive isolation shall be effected on all live lines for any task requiring entry to a vessel or

confined space. Spool removal is to be preferred, although spade isolation may be used

where it is not reasonably practicable to remove pipework sections. It should be noted that

in some cases it may not be reasonably practicable to comply with this requirement in

making entry to mud tanks, pump pits, ballast tanks, or other utility systems. Here, a Level 2

Risk Assessment shall be undertaken and approval obtained from the OIM or Site Controller

before entry can be permitted under work control.

Vessel nozzles should normally be left open to assist with free ventilation. Air movers or

ducted fans may also be used to create a flow of clean air through the vessel. If there is any

likelihood of fumes, water or other contaminant entering the vessel from sources other than

the isolated pipework while persons are inside, the need to blank off any affected nozzles

shall be considered. Blanks used for this purpose do not need to be pressure-rated.

However non-pressure rated blanks shall be clearly identified by either a tag, painted

circumference or other marking. In the case of tanks with „swan necks‟, mechanical plugs

may be an option, to prevent ingress of fumes, etc.

The manway doors on a vessel being prepared for entry shall be removed last and

reinstalled first to reduce the risk of unauthorised entry.

Further details on Confined Space Entry are given in AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00013-2.

8.6

PROVISION FOR ISOLATIONS DURING MODIFICATION OF DESIGN AND NEW FACILITIES

In relation to existing Installations and Sites:

 The design of all modifications and new facilities shall include a review of the

provision of means of isolation for maintenance to ensure compliance with this

document

 Such reviews shall address both isolations within the modified/new facilities and any

opportunities to upgrade existing isolation facilities where these are inadequate

 New valves supplied as part of a modification or as a replacement shall be provided

with a facility to lock off in the open or closed position

8.7

ISOLATION OF HIGH PRESSURE SMALL BORE PIPING

When isolating small bore piping consideration shall be given to the pipe connection to the

isolating valve to ensure that there is no possibility of the security of the fitting being

dislodged during disconnection or reconnection of any pipe work used for invasive

maintenance. In addition to the isolation type consideration needs to be given to the integrity

of the system fittings/connections (i.e. Swagelocks).

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APPENDIX A: ISOLATION STANDARDS

GENERAL

Experience has shown that for most types of fluid hazard, isolation by valves alone can be

adequate if used in conjunction with certain additional mandatory safeguards, appropriate to

the level of risk, to ensure effectiveness and security.

Minimum recommended isolation standards have been developed and should be referred to

when designing process isolation where it is not reasonably practicable to achieve positive

isolation (refer to Table 1). The minimum standard also identifies mandatory safeguards,

which the Area Authority is responsible for putting in place to reduce the risk level to as low

as reasonably practicable.

For short-term operational tasks such as corrosion coupon retrieval or filter replacements,

where no positive isolation is practicable or where the job duration is shorter than the time to

install positive isolation, then the „V‟ value from Table 1 can be considered as the minimum

recommended isolation standard. These tasks shall be conducted using a Permit and a local

operating procedure.

Note 1:

Any proposed isolation, which deviates from those shown in Table 1 must be

subject to an Isolation Review and a Level 2 Risk Assessment.

Note 2:

Isolation against a tested single valve is permissible while swinging a

spectacle blind, inserting a spade or fitting a blank flange to achieve a positive

isolation.

Positive isolation is regarded as the most secure method and shall be considered when

planning maintenance work. It is mandatory for entry into confined spaces.

Positive Isolation is also recommended in the following situations, in view of the additional

security it offers:

 Long duration isolations, eg more than one week

 Where equipment is to be removed from service, and all energy sources

disconnected

 Where naked flame hot work is to be undertaken

 For process fluids at or above auto-ignition temperature

 When breaking containment in systems likely to contain toxic material

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Table 1 Minimum Recommended Isolation Standards for Predetermined Risk Levels

Fluid Type

Operating Pressure

<10barg

>10barg <55barg

>55barg

Process fluids and hazardous utilities

V = SVI

V = SVI+B

V = DBB+A

I = SVI+A

I = DBB+B

Non-hazardous utilities

V = SVI

V = SVI+A

V = SVI+B

I = SVI

I = SVI+B

I = DBB+B

Valve configuration required to permit the installation of blank flanges and spades (positive isolation)

Valve configuration required to permit carrying out intrusive maintenance without positive isolation

Use mandatory safeguards as on List A

Use mandatory safeguards as on List B

SVI

Single Valve Isolation

DBB

Double Block and Bleed

Mandatory Safeguards

Category A

Category B

(Low Risk)

(High Risk)

Continuous gas monitoring (for hydrocarbon systems only)

Pressure build-up to test valve integrity

Regular monitoring of isolation integrity

Control and prevent nearby work

Operations Technician in attendance

Radio link to control room when breaking containment

Develop contingency plan against leakage

Identify backup isolation valves, shutdown systems etc

Minimise task time

Portable fire-fighting equipment available (for hydrocarbon systems only)

Minimise possibility of plant disturbance

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APPENDIX B: GUIDANCE NOTES

B1 ISOLATION PLANNING

B1.1 ISOLATION PLANNING

Isolation of any piece of equipment shall be planned such that the risk of removing it from

service and then reinstating it on completion of the work is minimised. The Flowchart

(Appendix D) should be referred to when planning any isolation. All isolations shall be

designed according to the standards set out in Appendix A (including Table 1).

The following key points should also be considered:

 Plant and equipment isolation requirements should be identified early in the work

planning cycle for the Installation or site so that adequate time can be made available

for formal risk assessment, should it become necessary. Where necessary, reference

shall be made to the Installation or site Operations Safety Manual (OSM) and the

identification of high-risk areas

 A boundary isolation may be put in place to cover several planned activities in an area

of plant. The Isolation Certificate shall describe the scope of work planned and the

Permits for these jobs shall be cross-referred to the same Isolation Certificate

 The need for good access and egress to allow isolations to be effected

 Isolations should be as close to the vessel or worksite as possible, to assist in

security and ease of monitoring

 Preparation for isolation involving draining, flushing, purging and venting of process

pipe-work shall be conducted under the AzSPU Safe System of Work (SSOW)

according to the appropriate procedures for the task and including the appropriate

isolation

 Amendments shall not normally be made to isolations in place other than to allow

testing of equipment prior to return to service. Amendments may be made to improve

the integrity of the isolation with the approval of the Area Authority. The reason for the

amendment shall be recorded and the Performing Authority advised of the change

 Pressure relief valves shall only be isolated following the provision of an alternative

means of pressure relief

B1.2 ISOLATION METHODS

The highest quality of isolation which is reasonably practicable shall be applied to every

individual isolation point. The methods of isolation normally available are detailed below,

listed in decreasing order of security and effectiveness.

B1.2.1 Positive Isolation

Positive isolation may be affected by either of the following:

 Spool removal - removal of pipework section and bolting/clamping blank flanges

rated for full line design pressure onto live ends

 Spade isolation - witnessed insertion between bolted or clamped flanges of a blind

plate; swinging of a spectacle plate. Any such insertion must be rated to the pipe

design specification. The insertion of spades shall be witnessed by the competent

Isolating Authority

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B1.2.2 DOUBLE BLOCK AND BLEED

Double Block and Bleed (DBB) consists of the closure of two block valves in series with an

intermediate bleed valve. The integrity of both valves shall be tested separately and the

bleed valve will then be left in the closed position, with periodic integrity checks. The Area

Authority shall specify how frequently this bleed valve is opened to check for pressure

buildup. As a minimum this shall include:

 Prior to the issue and/or revision of a PTW

 At the start of every work period (this includes after any form of work break between

normal periods of work).

 Continuous monitoring during any breaking of containment activity (including but not

limited to, the removal of spools, pumps, valves; the insertion of spades)

Emergency Shutdown (ESD) valves may be used as part of a DBB isolation, providing they

can be reliably immobilised.

Single valves of a type which provide a double seal in a single body and with a bleed

between the seals are also acceptable. Examples of such valves are suitably specified

double wedge gate, parallel expanding gate, double seating ball valves, etc, but not double

piston seal ball valves where the cavity pressure provides the downstream positive seal.

Where double-seal single valves are used, additional identification of the isolation on the

valve shall be included, as full loss of isolation will occur on inadvertant valve operation.

Additional means of identification for this type of valve shall be two (2) appropriate locking

devices. Each shall be individually labelled and identified appropriately as

“Upstream

Isolation” and

“Downstream Isolation”. Both shall be recorded on the ICC and be

sequentially numbered.

It should be noted that „standard‟ ball valves “do not’ provide a double seal. In such cases it

is important to note that the integrity of the isolation is critically dependent upon the security

of a single valve operating stem. Also, it is not normally possible to perform a full integrity

test as the two seals cannot be applied independently.

B1.2.3 Single Valve Isolation

Single Valve Isolation (SVI) consists of the closure of a single block valve. A measure of

additional security can be achieved by closing several valves in series but the absence of a

bleed or vent in the intervening volume means that this method must be classified as SVI.

The hazard of trapped pressure due to thermal expansion may be created in this case.

Any valve used for SVI must provide a reliable seal. Non-return valves, flow control valves

and other valves which may not provide tight shut-off must not be used.

B1.2.4 Other Isolation Devices

Devices such as mechanically expanded plugs, stopple bags or frozen plugs shall not be

used as primary forms of isolation, except where the application has been properly

engineered, risk assessed and approved by the appropriate Technical Authority.

Conventional mechanical plugs or stopple bags may be used as a vapour or liquid seal to

contain and direct to vent any small amounts of vapour. Flammable vapour monitors shall be

used where the presence of vapour could create a hazard.

In all cases, contingency measures against injury or damage caused by sudden ejection of

the isolation device shall be put in place.

B1.3 PRECAUTIONS WHEN BREAKING CONTAINMENT

The key safeguards for both low-risk and high-risk isolations (refer to Appendix A, Table1

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Categories A and B respectively) are the pressure buildup tests on the integrity of each valve

immediately prior to breaking containment, together with the appropriate level of regular

monitoring of the isolation integrity. The Area Authority shall control and prevent nearby work

and ensure continuous gas monitoring at the worksite. An Operations Technician shall be

present during breaking containment and any other critical phases of the task.

Isolations with Category B safeguards require additional control and contingency measures.

The key additional safeguards are to minimise the task duration, ensure plant stability and to

develop a contingency plan against leakage.

The contingency plan shall consider the following:

 How to respond to a leakage

 Identifying additional isolation valves and the expected action if the isolation fails

 Knowing the position of the local ESD facilities

Firefighting equipment shall be readily available and the work party shall be in radio contact

with the control room.

Other precautions that should be considered when breaking containment are as follows:

 Consideration should be given to hot bolting flanges prior to the operation and all

materials for the job shall be available at the job site

 Bolts are to be slackened off in the correct sequence. No bolts shall be removed until

they have all been slackened and the joint cracked, and until it has been confirmed

that the line contents will not be released in an uncontrolled manner and any

appropriate gas testing has been carried out

 Particular care shall be taken with clamp lock type fittings. With nuts slackened, the

fitting should be physically dislodged to confirm there is no residual pressure, before

final disassembly

 The person who opens the flange shall do so in such a way as to minimise the

possibility of contact with the contained fluids and of sudden escape of large

quantities. Suitable Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) shall be worn

 Where there is a danger of H

2S being present, full H2S procedures covered in the BP

Hydrogen Sulphide Procedures shall be followed

 The Area Classification procedure used for the selection of electrical equipment in

hazardous areas does not consider abnormal operations when breaking containment.

Consideration shall be given to restricting the use of electrical (and other) equipment

during breaking containment due to the risk of releasing flammable gas

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B2 ISOLATION IMPLEMENTATION AND CONTROL

B2.1 Security

Any isolation must achieve and maintain effective containment of the relevant fluid for as

long as required. Valves shall be locked or otherwise immobilised to prevent unauthorised

operation. It may be necessary to apply additional immobilising devices under certain

circumstances.

Where valves are required to be locked (open or closed) as part of an isolation, only the

following methods are acceptable:

 The use of wire locking loops to immobilise the valve which would require

considerable effort to force the valve from the lock position

 Padlock and chains which likewise would take considerable effort to force the valve

from the locked position. Where this method is used, padlock keys shall be held by

the Area Authority

 The use of specifically designed tamper-proof valve interlocks. The activation of the

interlock shall be controlled by the Area Authority utilising the master key held at

the site

When isolating any valve that cannot be locked and may inadvertently be opened by

accidental contact, the valve handle shall be removed where practicable.

Electrically operated valves shall have the power supply positively isolated and any handjack

shall be manually locked. If the valve cannot be physically immobilised it should not normally

be used for isolation purposes.

Pneumatically and hydraulically operated valves which fail closed shall have their control

lines isolated and physically disconnected.

Pneumatically and hydraulically operated valves which fail open should not normally be used

for isolation purposes. If no other alternative is reasonably practicable, the valve shall be

prevented from moving. Under this situation the isolation shall be considered as non-

compliant with Energy Isolations-Process and a Level 2 Isolation Risk Assessment carried

out.

It is not necessary to lock bleed valves in a DBB arrangement as they are required to be

opened periodically to check the integrity of the isolation.

Personal isolations (refer to section 8.3) shall be secured to the same standard to prevent

unauthorised operation of the valves.

B2.2 Identification Methods

All valves, spades and blank flanges used for isolation purposes shall be identified by means

of tag-labels. The following information shall be identified on the tags:

 The Isolation Confirmation Certificate (ICC) Number

 The Equipment Tag No

 The IA‟s Name (clearly printed) and their Signature

 The date of Isolation

Bleed points shall also be labelled with the same format.

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Where padlocks are used, the individual key number shall be listed on the ICC and a means

of referencing the correct key to the isolation point included. Keys should be held centrally in

a secure fashion and controlled by the Area Authority either by using a master key cabinet or

individual key safes.

Where there are overlapping isolations where some of the isolation points are common to

more than one isolation then these points shall have a separate locking device and tag from

each isolation. Each isolation shall be registered and controlled by its own individual ICC.

B2.2.1 FLANGE TAGGING FOR BREAKING CONTAINMENT

Flanges used in breaking containment should be identified as an aid to ensuring that they

are reinstated and their integrity is confirmed once all work is complete. A tag-label shall be

used as the method of identification. Both halves of the label are completed by the person

carrying out the work and the details recorded on a Breaking of Containment Register. When

the flange or connection has been re-made, the lower half of the tag is removed and

recorded on the register. The upper half is left to allow the integrity of the reinstated joint to

be monitored during leak testing and startup. The tag is removed when the plant is back up

to its normal operating conditions and kept in place for a minimum of 2 days after startup.

Consideration should be given to tagging critical neighbouring joints which have not been

broken but which could be affected by the reinstatement activity.

B2.3 CONTROL OF ISOLATIONS

The ICC, cross-referenced to all relevant Permits, shall be the principal means of control

once isolations are in place. The ICC performs the following functions:

 Identifies the plant concerned and the reasons for isolation

 Authorises isolation by disciplines

 Records the complete list of isolations and valve tag numbers used for a

particular task

 Records bleed points for checking valve integrity. The operation of the bleed valves to

check integrity need not be recorded as an amendment on the ICC

 Confirms that the isolations have been effected

 Authorises any temporary de-isolations and isolations necessary for testing

 Authorises and records de-isolation on completion of the task

The ICC shall show a complete list of isolations and valve tag numbers. A marked-up

P&ID/EFD or other suitable drawing must be attached to the ICC, together with a record of

the Isolation Level 2 Risk Assessment where this is needed.

B2.3.1 CONTROL OF ISOLATIONS FOR WELL OPERATIONS ACTIVITIES

During well operations the isolation of the xmas tree from the process plant shall be

controlled via an ICC. This isolation should be used in conjunction with a Well Handover

Certificate to manage the handover to well operations. The recommended practice is to

include the appropriate flowline isolation valves, the wing valve and the hydraulic supplies to

the UMV and DHSV, on the ICC, thus documenting the isolation from the process. The Well

Handover Certificate details the status of all tree valves at handover and confirms valve

integrity and depressurisation details thus documenting the isolation from the reservoir.

During the wireline operations, the swab valve, upper and lower master valves and DHSV

are under the control of the Wireline Supervisor and the appropriate detailed operating

procedure which will cover removal and reinstatement of the swab cap. On completion of the

wireline work the Wireline Supervisor will use the Well Handover Certificate to document the

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tree status for handover to Operations. During production logging operations where it is

necessary to flow the well a specific PERMIT will be raised for the wireline work that requires

the well to be online and this will be cross-referenced to the ICC described above and run

under sanction to test.

B2.3.2 LOCKED OPEN/LOCKED CLOSED VALVES

For integrity reasons, certain process and drain valves will be in the normally locked open or

locked closed position. It is vital that the position and security of these valves is carefully

controlled. A register shall be maintained of all these valves to record any changes from their

normal position and a regular audit shall be carried out to confirm the security and position of

these valves. It is important that these valves are in their correct position, particularly after

de-isolation where they have been part of an isolation. If these valves are moved from their

normal position for operational reasons or as part of an isolation then this movement and

subsequent return to their normal position shall be recorded in the register.

B2.4 Testing Isolation Integrity

All isolations shall be tested and shown to be effective before containment is broken.

Integrity tests shall be conducted for a minimum of 10 minutes.

Typical valve isolation integrity tests for DBB and single valve isolations are described in

Appendix C. It is important that all bleeds (vents/drains) are checked free from obstruction

prior to testing. It is also important to realise that a bleed which is hard-piped to a closed

drain or flare line will provide single valve isolation only from the drain/flare line.

On completion of checking valve integrity, a bleed valve shall be left in the closed position,

unlocked to allow regular monitoring. A pressure gauge may be fitted to the bleed valve to

monitor for pressure buildup.

An isolation can only be considered to be of DBB standard if the integrity of both valves has

been proven.

If zero pressure buildup is not achievable when checking integrity of a valved isolation,

consideration should be given to either including additional isolation valves, installing

positive isolation or carrying out an assessment of risk to determine whether it is acceptable

to proceed.

Alternative methods of valve integrity testing may be considered where there are practical

difficulties in using the conventional method, providing that they have been endorsed by the

relevant Technical Authority.

Once the Area Authority is satisfied with the integrity of the valved isolation and that the

system is depressurised and drained, containment may be carefully broken either to effect

positive isolation or to perform the required task

(taking into account all precautions

regarding H₂ S, pyrophoric scale, Low Specific Activity (LSA) scale, Naturally Occurring

Radioactive Material (NORM) or hydrates).

The extra security of untested but witnessed positive isolation, in addition to the valved

isolation used to effect it, is normally acceptable for most confined space entry tasks.

However, for longer term positive isolations (eg a week or more), or where the valved

isolation used to effect the positive isolation needs to be removed for operational reasons,

then integrity testing of the positive isolation is required. This shall be done by service leak

testing or formal leak testing of the joint, depending on the level of risk.

Where a single flare or vent valve forms part of an isolation it may not be possible to fully

test integrity. In this situation the valve cannot be considered as a reliable barrier and

therefore an isolation risk assessment shall be carried out to determine whether the task

should proceed.

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Procedure for Energy Isolation - Process

Page 25 of 40

B2.5 Plant Preparation - for Breaking Containment

All plant preparation work covering the draining and flushing of vessels or pipework shall be

carried out under a Permit within the AzSPU Safe Systems of Work (SSOW). For more

complex operations a marked-up P&ID and a specific procedure should be used to support

the activity.

B2.5.1 POTENTIAL HAZARDS

Some of the potential hazards that should be considered when planning these activities are

as follows:

 Chemical reactions between cleaning materials and a tank or its fittings (eg acidic

cleaning fluid attacking a blanking spade installed for isolation)

 Leakage or collapse of a tank or its supports caused by reaction with cleaning

materials, excessive weight of wash solutions, or by creating vacuum conditions

 Accidental spillage during draining/flushing (environmental impact)

 Possibility of radiological contamination from LSA / NORM

 Pyrophoric scale which can be formed in systems that may contain H

2S. If these

systems are subsequently opened up and the scale is exposed to currents of air,

there is a danger that the scale could ignite. The pyrophoric scale shall be rendered

harmless by constant thorough wetting until the scale is either removed or the system

is again closed up

 Gaskets containing asbestos which shall be handled and disposed of in accordance

with the guidance identified in Working with Asbestos Procedures

 Explosions and fires caused by the sudden mixing of water with hot oil, either during

steam cleaning or on the admission of hot oil into systems which have just been

steamed or flushed with water and which have not been thoroughly drained and dried

 Static electricity as an ignition source or electric shock during steam cleaning or

high-pressure water jetting if equipment is not earth bonded

 Possible asphyxiation through personnel exposure to nitrogen

 Accidental spillage and freezing effects of nitrogen

B2.5.2 Depressurising and Draining Containment Systems

For this purpose containment systems may be divided into:

 Pressurised vessels and pipelines/pipework

 Atmospheric tanks and vessels

B2.5.2.1 Pressurised Vessels and Pipelines/Pipework

The precautions for depressurisation and draining of pressurised hydrocarbon and chemical

containment systems include the following:

1) The system shall be adequately isolated from fluid pressure and inventory for the

purpose of emptying.

2) The appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) and Control of Substances

Hazardous to Health (COSHH) or Chemical Agent Risk Assessments

(CARA) shall

be studied.

3) The pressure within the system shall be relieved in a safe manner and the system

drained. The residual pressure within the system shall be substantially atmospheric

before containment is broken.

4) Systems containing gas shall be depressurised to a closed system or a vent/flare

header designed to accept such gas. If possible, venting to flare is preferred.

5) Gas systems shall only be depressurised to the atmosphere under strictly controlled

conditions. Persons working downwind of any drainage/venting operation shall be

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Procedure for Energy Isolation - Process

Page 26 of 40

warned by the Area Authority or his nominee and, if instructed, shall vacate the area.

All hot work shall cease within the affected area.

6) Where suitable facilities exist, liquid residues shall be drained to a closed system.

Where this is not possible, an estimate should be made of the quantity of liquid

remaining in the system. Catchment facilities should then be provided sufficient for at

least this quantity. Liquid can then be drained by carefully opening a flange at a low

point in the system. Precautions should also be taken to prevent the spread of any

accidental spillage.

7) The existence of possible „dead-legs‟ in the system must be borne in mind. Such traps

may have to be flushed with water to remove residual liquids if there are no flanges or

connections.

8) Oil contaminated/soaked lagging material shall be removed from hot equipment as it

is prone to spontaneous ignition.

B2.5.2.2 Atmospheric Tanks and Vessels

When emptying atmospheric tanks and vessels in preparation for either changing their

contents, carrying out inspections, repairs or modifications, or prior to dismantling, the

following guidelines shall be observed:

1) Prior to emptying any tank/vessel, reference shall be made to the as-built engineering

drawings. These drawings show in detail the internals of the tank/vessel which will aid

in the methods to be adopted for draining and isolation, eg a bottom offtake of a

vessel from the outside may lead to the assumption that the offtake is flush whereas

the drawing may show that the offtake is raised internally.

2) Storage tanks and vessels shall be emptied initially by means of the normal off-take

lines, until suction is lost. The contents should be transferred to another suitable tank

or, onshore, to a mobile tank, if appropriate.

3) When emptying and draining, care shall be taken to avoid pulling a vacuum. This may

occur if the atmospheric or vacuum vents are blocked, or by excessive lowering rates

through large diameter lines.

4) Once suction is lost through the normal offtake it may be necessary to remove

residual liquid contents by means of either a portable pump operating through

an open manhole

(by the use of the tank water drain valve) or possibly by

water-flotation, taking appropriate precautions against spillage.

5) The hazards of using portable pumps in an area likely to be contaminated with

flammable vapour must be taken into account. Appropriately sited, air-powered pumps

should be used where possible.

6) Residual liquids and sludge must be disposed of in accordance with the requirements

of pollution-control legislation.

B2.6 Cleaning and Gas-freeing Methods

After depressurisation and draining, residual hydrocarbon liquids, vapours and gases must

be removed before further work can proceed.

Caution: If a Confined Space Entry is required, please also make reference to procedure

AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00013-2 Confined Space Entry

Various media can be used for this purpose but the choice is liable to be governed by what

is available at the work location.

B2.6.1 WATER FLOODING

Cold water is usually the most readily available cleaning medium. It is reasonably effective at

displacing hydrocarbons, although it does not easily remove sludges or oils trapped in

complex pipework or vessel internals.

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Procedure for Energy Isolation - Process

Page 27 of 40

Before a tank or vessel is flooded with water, it shall be confirmed that its supporting

structure is capable of sustaining the weight. In addition, adequate run-down and draining

facilities shall be provided, due to large volumes of water usually necessary for these

operations.

To avoid a buildup of a static charge when this method is used, water shall be added from

the base of the tank or vessel. If a hosepipe is used, the velocity shall be kept low until the

end is submerged, and the nozzle shall be electrically earthed. Flooding with water shall not

be relied upon to remove all petroleum vapour, liquid or solid residues.

It is possible to carry out hot work on the external surface of a water-flooded tank or vessel

without further removal of internal hydrocarbon residue providing the work is below the water

level and an appropriate level of risk assessment has been conducted.

Water used for displacing and removing liquid hydrocarbons will be heavily contaminated

after use. It must be disposed of in an environmentally-responsible manner.

B2.6.2 INERT GAS

Nitrogen (N₂), Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) or combustion gas (N₂/CO₂ mixture) may be used to

displace hydrocarbon gas and vapour. This method may be useful if it is impracticable to

introduce water into a system in case of damage. Care should be taken to ensure when

injecting such mixtures not to induce localised freezing of valves, gauges etc due to

excessive injection rates.

Particular care should be taken with systems which may contain pyrophoric scale from high-

sulphur bearing hydrocarbons. If such scale is subsequently exposed to the air, it may

rapidly burst into flame. Water sprays may be used to prevent this by keeping the scale

constantly wetted.

A quantity of inert gas at least double the volume of the vessel being purged is likely to be

necessary to ensure adequate dispersal of hydrocarbon gases. Introduction of gas at

reasonably high velocity is also helpful in ensuring good mixing. Purge with inert gas until

concentration of flammable vapour is less than 4% in emerging mixture of flammable/inert

gas.

Normal flammable vapour monitoring devices will not work accurately in atmospheres which

are deficient in oxygen, therefore it is necessary to use specialised equipment to determine

the effectiveness of an inert gas purge.

Following the displacement of hydrocarbon vapour with inert gas, the vessel or tank should

then normally be purged again with air to displace the inert gas. This shall always be done in

cases where man-entry is planned, regardless of any intended use of PPE.

B2.6.3 Steam

At onshore sites, steam may be available in sufficient quantities to use for purging and

cleaning vessels, tanks and pipework. Steam is the most effective of the common media for

this purpose. It should be used at low pressure, not exceeding 1bar maximum.

Two methods of steaming may be employed; open or closed steaming:

 Open steaming is used where the tank, vessel and its associated system is fully open

to the atmosphere

 Closed steaming is used for closed vessels and their associated equipment. During

this operation, the temperature is raised allowing volatile liquids to vaporise and

disperse together with the bulk of the steam via a condensing system. The heavy

constituents can flow freely and be drained off with the condensed steam from the

base of the system

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Procedure for Energy Isolation - Process

Page 28 of 40

For all but the largest vessels and tanks, sufficient steam should be available to raise the

external surface temperature to at least 95°C. Steaming should be continued until the

condensate flowing from the vessel is substantially free of hydrocarbon.

Steam may be used in the case of process vessels, small storage tanks and medium sized

insulated tanks. It is essential that following a period of closed steaming, adequate provision

is made to prevent damage due to a vacuum being drawn by condensation of steam. In

large tanks, the rate of condensation of steam is such that adequate purging is not possible.

After steaming, it is normal practice to cool down the equipment with copious quantities of

water, this gives an additional wash to help remove residual hydrocarbons.

Where residual material is left on the tank or vessel surface after prolonged steaming, such

residual material may still evolve vapour on application of heat, eg burning or welding. In

such cases, cold cutting may be employed or the internal surface kept thoroughly wet during

the heating operation.

All temporary steam hoses used shall be electrically bonded and earthed.

B2.6.4 Air

Where it is not possible or practicable to use any of the foregoing methods, it may be

necessary to use air directly to ventilate equipment and remove hydrocarbon vapour.

When a decision is made to use this technique, every effort shall be made to pump out as

much oil and sludge as possible before opening the tank or vessel. Where practicable,

forced ventilation shall be used so that flammable vapour is cleared in the shortest possible

time. During this purging operation, the flammable range will be passed through, presenting

an explosion hazard if an ignition source is nearby. All electrical equipment used shall

therefore be suitable for use in a Zone 1 Hazardous Area. Other equipment within the

hazard range of flammable vapour shall be effectively isolated.

Air movers shall be fitted at the roof or top manhole so as to pull air in at low level.

Temporary trunking may be needed to achieve high-level disposal. In order to minimise the

emission of gas/vapour when the lower manhole door is opened, the air movers shall be

started up first to obtain a slightly negative pressure before the lower manhole is opened.

Vapour issuing from shell manholes may give rise to a dangerous concentration in a bunded

or confined area and, under such conditions, no kind of ignition source is allowed. Removal

of vapour by air movers attached to the roof manhole is the recommended safe practice.

Care shall be taken when using natural draught ventilation during periods of calm weather at

onshore sites, since vapour released from tanks can travel considerable distances without

being dispersed. Due regard shall be taken of wind direction and the risk to adjacent

premises or to the public.

Owing to the possible presence of pyrophoric scale within tanks or vessels which have

contained sour crude or products, provision shall be made for continuous wetting of the

internal surfaces by means of water from one or more water fog nozzles inserted into the

roof opening. The nozzles shall be turned on first and the air movers opened immediately

afterwards. A shell manhole shall be opened after approximately 5 minutes operation, when

the internals are thoroughly wet. With the air movers still in operation, the fog nozzles should

then be removed and loose scale dislodged with high-pressure water streams.

CAUTION: WHEN THIS METHOD IS EMPLOYED, THE WATER NOZZLES SHALL BE

EARTHED

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Procedure for Energy Isolation - Process

Page 29 of 40

B3 PLANT REINSTATEMENT

B3.1 General

The reinstatement of plant and equipment requires equal attention to planning and detail as

the initial isolation. Historical data shows that many incidents involving failure of an

isolation occur during reinstatement. Reinstatement of process plant is not complete until

the section where containment was broken has been leak tested.

The reinstatement leak test is different from strength tests as required by Code, which are

pressure/strength tests to prove the structural integrity of the system.

The purpose of reinstatement leak testing is to render the production equipment and piping

systems safe for the introduction of hydrocarbon gases and liquids, and to create an

auditable record to demonstrate the integrity of all hydrocarbon production systems.

For an an overview of the leak testing process refer to the SSOW for Leak Testing

(Document No. AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00055-2).

B3.2 De-isolation of Plant

B3.2.1 Integrity Checks

Prior to reinstatement, the integrity of any isolations associated with the removal of spades

or other isolations devices should be reassessed to confirm that it is safe to proceed with the

reinstatement work.

B3.2.2 Sequence of De-isolation

In some cases the sequence of de-isolating plant is critical and requires planning to ensure

safe reinstatement.

B3.2.3 De-isolation of Non-manual Valves

Removal of a valved isolation does not necessarily involve any opening or closing of the

valves, just the removal of locking devices and/or other immobilising equipment. Particular

care should be taken with regard to electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically operated

valves, which may open or close on reinstatement of the operating source/medium.

B3.2.4 De-isolation of Safety Critical Valves

Care must be taken to ensure that safety critical valves are returned to their correct position

during de-isolation. These valves are registered as Locked Open (LO) or Locked Closed

(LC) and each site holds a register which records the current position of all LO/LC valves.

During de-isolation, these valves should be returned to their correct position for plant

operation and the register updated accordingly.

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Procedure for Energy Isolation - Process

Page 30 of 40

APPENDIX C: TYPICAL VALVE ISOLATIONS INTEGRITY TESTS

Double Block and Bleed Isolation Integrity Test (Two Valves)

Diagram

Key

V1 - First (upstream) isolation valve from live system.

M1 - Live side-monitoring point (pressure gauge or vent/drain).

V2 - Second (downstream) isolation valve from live system.

M2 - Monitoring point between valves and break point (pressure gauge or vent/drain).

B - Bleed point between the isolation valves.

Procedure

1. If possible, ensure tapings at M1, M2 and B are not blocked and pressure gauges, where

installed, are operating.

2. Close downstream valve V2 and secure in closed position.

3. Record pressure at monitoring points M1 and M2.

4. Vent/drain section of line to be broken and monitor at M2 until the pressure is near zero.

5. Close vent/drain at break point and monitor at M2 for a minimum of 10 minutes. No

pressure build-up at M2 indicates the integrity of the downstream valve V2.

6. Close upstream valve V1 and secure in closed position.

7. Record pressure at M1 and B.

8. Vent/drain between V1 and V2 (B) and monitor at B until pressure is near zero.

9. Close vent/drain (B) and monitor at M1 and B for a minimum of 10 minutes. (No pressure

build-up at B indicates integrity of upstream valve V1).

10. Leave vent/drain (B) in closed position to allow further monitoring.

Isolation

Both block valves are now closed and secured. The bleed valve is closed but not locked. It is

Summary

possible for pressure to build up between the two block valves therefore regular monitoring of

the isolation is essential; a suitable calibrated pressure gauge may be fitted to the vent to

monitor for any pressure.

For further information refer to Section B1.2.2 Double Block and Bleed

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Procedure for Energy Isolation - Process

Page 31 of 40

Isolation Integrity Test (BP-Approved Double Sealed, Single Valve)

Diagram

Key

M1 - Live (upstream) side monitoring point.

M2 - Monitoring point between valve and break point (downstream).

C - Cavity drain (between seals).

Procedure

1. If possible, ensure tapings at M1, M2 and C are not blocked and pressure gauges, where

installed, are operating.

2. Close isolation valve and secure in closed position.

3. Record pressure at M1, C (in cavity) and M2.

4. Vent/drain downstream section of line to be broken and monitor pressure at M2 until

pressure is near zero.

5. Close vent/drain at break point and monitor at M2 and C for a minimum of 10 minutes. (No

pressure build-up at M2 and no pressure fall-off at C indicates integrity of downstream

seal.)

6. Record pressure at M1 and C.

7. Vent/drain off fluid in cavity (between seals) and monitor at C until the pressure is near

zero.

8. Close cavity vent/drain (C) and monitor at M1 and C for a minimum of 10 minutes. (No

pressure build-up at C indicates integrity of upstream seal).

9. Leave vent/drain C in closed position to allow further monitoring.

Isolation

The double sealed, single block valve is now closed and secured. The bleed valve is closed

Summary

but not locked. Any fluid passing through the upstream seal will be detected at the cavity drain

C. Regular monitoring of the isolation is therefore essential and a suitable calibrated pressure

gauge may be fitted to the vent to monitor the pressure.

For further information refer to Section B1.2.2 Double Block and Bleed

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Procedure for Energy Isolation - Process

Page 32 of 40

Single Valve Isolation Integrity Test

Diagram

Key

M1 - Live (upstream) side monitoring point.

M2 - Monitoring point between valve and break point (downstream).

Procedure

1. Ensure tapings at M1 and M2 are not blocked and pressure gauges, where installed,

are operating.

2. Close isolation valve and secure in closed position.

3. Record pressure at M1 and M2.

4. Vent/drain downstream section of line to be broken into and monitor at M2 until

pressure is near zero.

5. Close downstream vent/drain and monitor at M2 for a minimum of 10 minutes. (No

pressure build-up at M2 indicates integrity of single valve.)

6. Leave downstream vent/drain at break point in closed position to allow further

monitoring.

Isolation

The single isolation valve is now closed and secured, and the downstream vent/drain is

Summary

closed. Any fluid passing through the single valve seal would be monitored by means of the

mandatory additional safeguards listed in Appendix A, Table 1.

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Procedure for Energy Isolation - Process

Page 33 of 40

APPENDIX D: ENERGY ISOLATIONS FLOWCHART

Requirement

for

Isolation

Is this

Yes

a CSE?

Is this

Positive

Yes

Assess breaking

Yes

breaking

isolation

Containment risks/hazards

tainment?

available?

Define cleaning / flushing /

purging method

Select

Is this a

Can minimum

Yes

ICC

Isolation

Special isolation

Isolation standard

method

technique

be ac

ieved

Yes

L2RA

Install initial isolation

ICC

Complete draining / flushing /

Purging of eqpt where necessary

Isolation

Yes

Install final

Yes

Isolation

rogress work, monitor

successfully

isolation integrity

isolation

roved?

STOP

Reassess and consider

Job complete

Yes

production shutdown,

lleak test req‟d?

deferral of work and

further risk assessment

Is leak test

Prepare specific

covered by existing

Leak test procedure

rocedure

Yes

Carry out appropriate

Carry out leak test

Service test for

Level of risk assessment

And record results

Non-haz utilities

Process hydrocarbons.

Mandatory L2RA

Fully de-isolate and

return to service

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Procedure for Energy Isolation - Process

Page 34 of 40

APPENDIX E: Procedure Summary



Ensuring the required competent personnel are

Performing Authority:

available at the installation to carry out isolation

The Performing Authority is the person charged with the

ENERGY ISOLATION (Process)

activities

responsibility of carrying out the work and has the right to



Ensuring that plant and equipment isolations are

request demonstration of the integrity of any isolation. They

subjected to the appropriate level of self-regulation

are responsible for checking that Energy Isolations `have

Golden Rules of Safety

and audit

been implemented in accordance with the isolation

Energy Isolation is one of BP‟s Golden Rules. It states that,

specification before starting work.

any isolation of energy systems, e.g. mechanical, electrical,

Area Authority:

process, hydraulic, pneumatic, gravitational, chemical,

The Area Authority is responsible for approving the isolation

Maintenance Personnel:

radioactive, thermal, or other energy source that could cause

design, providing assurance that the design achieves the

Maintenance personnel work under the direction of the

injury, cannot proceed unless:

highest quality of isolation reasonably practicable. He/She

Isolating Authority and are responsible for installing the



The method of isolation and discharge of stored

can delegate the detailed isolation design to an Isolating

means of isolation (e.g., spades) and removing equipment /

energy are agreed and executed by a competent

Authority. The Area Authority is then responsible for

pipe work (e.g., spool pieces) taking into consideration the

person(s)

authorising the work to proceed under the appropriate

equipment rating and service.



Any Stored energy is discharged

controls. They are responsible for:



A system of locks and tags is utilised at isolation

Monitoring



Ensuring only authorized personnel perform

points

isolations

The integrity of each isolation point shall be monitored at



A test is conducted to ensure the isolation is

suitable intervals to detect any actual leakage or deterioration



Advising the OIM / Site Controller / Site Manager on

effective

in condition caused, for example, by vibration or disturbance

Isolating Authority (IA) competence



Isolation effectiveness is periodically monitored

(or changing pressure upstream). The results of any



Ensuring isolation specification, application, removal,

monitoring of isolation integrity shall be recorded and will form

certification and security are accomplished in

Roles & Responsibilities

part of the shift handover.

accordance with this procedure



Facilitating the Risk Assessment process in

Site Manager

/ Site Controller

/ Offshore Installation

Self-Regulation & Audit

accordance with AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00063-2; Task

Manager:

Each Site / Installation shall:

Risk Assessment

The OIM/SC/SM is responsible for ensuring that those



Undertake internal audits of the operation of Energy



Approving all Energy Isolations

performing the roles of Area Authority, Isolating Authority and

Isolations at each site.



The weekly review and quarterly audit of long-term

Performing Authority are competent to do so and have overall



Maintain an Audit Register.

isolations

responsibility for the implementation of the Permit to Work



Have in place a system for tracking



The control of all lock-off devices and tags involved

and isolation procedures at their site. They are responsible

recommendations through to closeout.

with isolations

for:



Periodically review isolation-related activities



Ensuring the operation and assurance of the

including review of individual isolations and the

Isolating Authority:

isolation procedure at their site, acting upon all

overall isolation process. Such reviews may also

The Isolating Authority is responsible for:

recommendations

and

proposing

system

include:



The specification, application, removal and recording

improvements

o General compliance with this document and

of Energy Isolations in support of a Permit to Work



Authorising the Area Authority and Isolating

any local procedures



The design of process isolation when requested by

Authority (in writing) as competent to carry out their

o The Level 2 Risk Assessment of non-compliant

the Area Authority. When designing the isolation the

responsibilities within the Permit To Work and

isolation and the extent of any approved

Isolating Authority must agree the scope and content

isolations procedures

deviations

of isolation with appropriate personnel e.g. the



Maintaining a control log of all authorised personnel.

o A register of competent Isolating Authorities

Performing Authority.

Details of this control log are included in AZSPU-



Isolating specific sections of plant or items of

HSSE-DOC-00012-2; Authorization

The recommended frequency of audit is as follows:

equipment to the highest quality and security of



Communicating the responsibilities of key

¾ Installation /Site personnel - 1 permit and isolation

isolation, which is reasonably practicable.

participants within the isolations procedures to those

confirmation (ICC) certificate per day



Demonstrating to the Performing Authority the

personnel under their direction

¾ Site Safety Adviser

- 1 permit and isolation

integrity of the Energy Isolations



Approving all Level 2 Risk Assessments undertaken

confirmation (ICC) certificate per week



Monitoring of isolations in-place

for non-compliant isolations

¾ SM / SC / OIM - 1 permit and isolation confirmation

(ICC) certificate per month

Control Tier: <<2>>

Revision Date: 14 Sept 2007

Document Number: <<AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00049-2

Print Date: 24/07/2010

PAPER COPIES ARE UNCONTROLLED. THIS COPY VALID ONLY AT THE TIME OF PRINTING. THE CONTROLLED VERSION OF THIS DOCUMENT CAN BE FOUND AT:

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Procedure for Energy Isolation - Process

Page 35 of 40

ENERGY ISOLATION (Process) cont

Note: The Isolation Confirmation Certificate is raised



The recommendations from the Level

2 Risk

before the permit is issued, and remains in force

(as a

Assessment shall be approved by the OIM / SC / SM

minimum) until the permit is cancelled.

who may also recommend further review by

Note: Audits should be a cross section of activities ongoing

technical specialists or management before taking

i.e. hot work, cold work, and spark potential. Installation / Site

The Isolation Certificate shall only be cancelled when

the decision on whether to proceed with the work

personnel should carry out audits of individual tasks covering

“WORK is COMPLETE”. The Area Authority can then sign



The Risk Assessment shall be attached to the

both the PTW and the Isolation Confirmation Certificate (ICC)

the “CANCELLATION” section.

appropriate Permit(s)

on a regular basis.

Competency, Training & Awareness

Isolation Review & Level 2 Risk Assessment

Types of Isolations

All personnel involved in Energy Isolations-Process shall be

Where an isolation cannot achieve the standard detailed in

There are varying types of isolations, which are described

trained and deemed competent. The competency of all

Energy Isolations Process the Area Authority or Support

within this section. These include:

relevant personnel shall be determined during the planning

Engineer is responsible for commencing the Isolation Review



Boundary Isolations

process for any particular risk assessment. The Area

and Risk Assessment.



Long Term Isolation

Authority and/or Line Supervisor shall ensure that the



Personal Isolations

personnel involved in the activity have the correct

As a minimum, the Area Authority or Support Engineer



Additional Isolations

competencies by examining records, or requesting individuals

together with the Isolating Authority, and the Performing



Isolation for Confined Space Entry

to produce relevant certification.

Authority complete a Risk Assessment. There must be three

members as a minimum for a Level 2 Risk Assessment.

Boundary Isolations:

Levels of Training - A training programme providing initial

Where an area of plant is isolated such that several activities

and refresher training and trainee assessment on the

The completed Risk Assessment shall be submitted to the

can safely take place within this common set of strategically

contents of this document shall be carried out involving all

OIM / SC / SM who will, if necessary, discuss and clarify the

placed isolation points then this can be termed as a

personnel responsible for the specification, approval,

isolation design with the team. If accepted, the OIM / SC / SM

'Boundary Isolation'. It must be clearly identified that the

application and recording of process isolations.

shall approve the Risk Assessment.

isolation is appropriate for all the individual tasks to be carried

out against the Boundary Isolation. An Isolation Certificate is

The competency requirements for Energy Isolation - Process

Risk Assessment Process

raised and identified, as Boundary Isolation and all individual

for Site Managers / Site Controllers / Offshore Installation

In the event that the minimum recommended isolation

PTW are cross-referenced to this Boundary Isolation.

Managers / Area Authorities / Department Heads shall be in

standard cannot be achieved, a Level 2 Risk Assessment

accordance with AzSPU Training Policy;

(AZSPU-HSSE-

shall be carried out according to the following guidelines:

Long-Term Isolations:

DOC-00088-2).



The assessment team shall specify appropriate

Long-term isolations are defined as those that no longer have

safeguards, which may replace or be in addition to

work performed against them. Each site should maintain a

The Isolation Confirmation Certificate (ICC) Process

those listed in Table 1 (Appendix B). The team shall

detailed register of long-term isolations.

Where isolations are required an Isolation Confirmation

be satisfied that these safeguards shall reduce the

Long-term isolations shall be subject to two levels of review:

Certificate (ICC) must be completed as detailed in the Permit

risks to an acceptable level before the Level 2 Risk



A weekly review of the register to check the status of

to Work

(PTW) procedure. The Isolation Confirmation

Assessment is submitted to the OIM / SC / SM for

the isolations in place and whether they should be

Certificate supports the Permit to Work by providing the

the task requiring isolation is permitted to proceed

removed or replaced by a plant modification

means of:



When risk assessing non-compliant isolations,



A quarterly audit to physically check all the isolation



Recording the isolations which are required before

consideration shall be given to the risks associated

points to confirm their security and integrity

the task detailed on the associated Permit to Work

with swinging large spades compared with the risk



Before any work is recommenced against a long-

can proceed

associated with the lower level of isolation

term isolation, a full integrity check of the valved



Confirming that the isolations have been made for



Consideration shall be given to: extended monitoring

isolation shall be carried out.

the task to proceed (subject to authorisation of other

periods, prior to breaking containment, reducing the

certificates e.g., Confined Space Entry)

duration of the tasks, provision of a permanent

Personal Isolations:



Authorisation and recording of de-isolations and

standby man and development of a contingency plan

Personal isolations are intended for short duration tasks of

isolations which may be required to test equipment

for isolation failure

relatively low risk; for example replacing pressure gauges,

under a Sanction to Test (STT)



Full consideration shall be given to the alternatives

filters or small valves, or other such tasks where the



Authorisation and recording of de-isolation on

including partial or full production shutdown or

completion of an ICC is considered to add no significant value

completion of the task detailed on the associated

deferral of the work

Permit to Work

Control Tier: <<2>>

Revision Date: 14 Sept 2007

Document Number: <<AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00049-2

Print Date: 24/07/2010

PAPER COPIES ARE UNCONTROLLED. THIS COPY VALID ONLY AT THE TIME OF PRINTING. THE CONTROLLED VERSION OF THIS DOCUMENT CAN BE FOUND AT:

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Procedure for Energy Isolation - Process

Page 36 of 40

ENERGY ISOLATION (Process) cont

undertaken and approval obtained from the SM / SC / OIM

TABLE 1: Minimum Recommended Isolation Standards for

before entry can be permitted under work control.

Predetermined Risk Levels:

in terms of risk reduction. The rules for approval of a personal

isolation are as follows:

The manway doors on a vessel being prepared for entry shall

be removed last and reinstalled first to reduce the risk of

Fluid Type

Operating Pressure



The task and isolation are performed by one person

unauthorised entry.

within one shift; the person may receive assistance

<10barg

>10barg

>55barg

from others but he shall be present at all times when

work is in progress

Further details on Confined Space Entry are given in:

<55barg

AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00013-2.



Before approval, the Area Authority must be satisfied

Process fluids

V = SVI

V = SVI+B

V = DBB+A

with the competence of the Performing Authority to

Registers

and hazardous

I = SVI+A

I = DBB+B

both carry out the isolation and execute the work.

All Isolation Confirmation Certificates

(ICC‟s) shall be

utilities

Personal isolations shall only be carried out by those

registered on the Isolation Confirmation Certificate Register,

deemed to be a competent Isolating Authority.

Non-hazardous

V = SVI

V = SVI+A

V = SVI+B

which is maintained by the Area Authority(s). Where a site

Where an isolation involves competency in more

utilities

I = SVI

I = SVI+B

I = DBB+B

has more than one Area Authority, the nominated responsible

than one discipline eg electrical, mechanical,

V Valve configuration required to permit the installation

Site Isolating Authority (IA) Co-ordinator shall assume overall

instrument or process, personal isolation is only

of blank flanges and spades (positive isolation)

control of the Register.

permissible if the Performing Authority has all the

Valve configuration required to permit carrying out

appropriate isolating competencies

intrusive maintenance without positive isolation

Records



The same isolation standards apply to personal

A Use mandatory safeguards as on List A

When all the isolations have been implemented, the Area

isolations other than the completion of the ICC

B Use mandatory safeguards as on List B

Authority signs and dates the Isolation Confirmation



The isolation points shall be labelled with a personal

SVI Single Valve Isolation

Certificate. He then records the Isolation Confirmation

isolation label and locked

DBB Double Block and Bleed

Certificate number on the permit. The Control Room Operator



If the worksite is left unattended, the plant shall be

and/or the Permit Coordinator may also perform this where

left safe, including capping or plugging of any open

Mandatory Safeguards

Category A

Category B

they are appointed.

ends

(Low Risk)

(High Risk)

Isolation Confirmation Certificates shall be accessible to each

An ICC shall be raised whenever these conditions are not

Continuous gas monitoring

Area Authority and are held in the vicinity of the Control

adhered to.

(for hydrocarbon systems

Room for ease of monitoring each area.

only)

Additional Isolations:

Isolation Standards

Pressure build-up to test

An individual Isolation Confirmation Certificate must be

Minimum recommended isolation standards have been

valve integrity

completed for each Permit to Work requiring isolations;

developed and should be referred to when designing process

unless isolations are controlled by a Boundary Isolation

Regular monitoring of

isolation where it is not reasonably practicable to achieve

Certificate. Where working within a defined boundary, further

isolation integrity

positive isolation (refer to Table 1). The minimum standard

isolations may not be required. However, where additional

also identifies mandatory safeguards, which the Area

Control and prevent nearby

isolations are identified, an Isolation Confirmation Certificate

Authority is responsible for putting in place to reduce the risk

work

will be required.

level to as low as reasonably practicable.

Operations Technician in

Isolation for Confined Space Entry:

attendance

Positive isolation shall be effected on all live lines for any task

Note 1: Any proposed isolation, which deviates from those

requiring entry to a vessel or confined space. Spool removal

shown in Table 1 (Appendix B), must be subject to an

Radio link to control room

is to be preferred, although spade isolation may be used

Isolation Review and a Level 2 Risk Assessment.

when breaking

where it is not reasonably practicable to remove pipework

containment

sections. It should be noted that in some cases it may not be

Note 2: Isolation against a tested single valve is permissible

Develop contingency plan

reasonably practicable to comply with this requirement in

while swinging a spectacle blind, inserting a spade or fitting a

against leakage

making entry to mud tanks, pump pits, ballast tanks, or other

blank flange to achieve a positive isolation.

utility systems. Here, a Level 2 Risk Assessment shall be

Control Tier: <<2>>

Revision Date: 14 Sept 2007

Document Number: <<AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00049-2

Print Date: 24/07/2010

PAPER COPIES ARE UNCONTROLLED. THIS COPY VALID ONLY AT THE TIME OF PRINTING. THE CONTROLLED VERSION OF THIS DOCUMENT CAN BE FOUND AT:

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Procedure for Energy Isolation - Process

Page 37 of 40

for the amendment shall be recorded and the

It is not necessary to lock bleed valves in a DBB arrangement

Identify backup isolation

Performing Authority advised of the change

as they are required to be opened periodically to check the

valves, shutdown systems

etc



Pressure relief valves shall only be isolated following

integrity of the isolation.

the provision of an alternative means of pressure

Minimise task time

relief

Personal isolations (refer to section 8.3) shall be secured to

the same standard to prevent unauthorised operation of the

Portable fire-fighting

Isolation Implementation & Control

valves.

equipment available (for

hydrocarbon systems only)

Any isolation must achieve and maintain effective

containment of the relevant fluid for as long as required.

Plant Reinstatement

Minimise possibility of plant

The reinstatement of plant and equipment requires equal

disturbance

attention to planning and detail as the initial isolation.

Valves shall be locked or otherwise immobilised to prevent

Isolation Planning

unauthorised operation. It may be necessary to apply

Isolation of any piece of equipment shall be planned such that

additional immobilising devices under certain circumstances.

Historical data shows that many incidents involving

the risk of removing it from service and then reinstating it on

failure of an isolation occur during reinstatement.

completion of the work is minimised. The Flowchart

Where valves are required to be locked (open or closed) as

(Appendix D) should be referred to when planning any

part of an isolation, only the following methods are

Reinstatement of process plant is not complete until the

isolation. All isolations shall be designed according to the

acceptable:

section where containment was broken has been leak tested.

standards set out in Appendix A (including Table 1).



The use of wire locking loops to immobilise the valve

which would require considerable effort to force the

The reinstatement leak test is different from strength tests as

The following key points should also be considered:

valve from the lock position

required by Code, which are pressure/strength tests to prove



Plant and equipment isolation requirements should



Padlock and chains which likewise would take

the structural integrity of the system.

be identified early in the work planning cycle for the

considerable effort to force the valve from the locked

Installation or site so that adequate time can be

position. Where this method is used, padlock keys

The purpose of reinstatement leak testing is to render the

made available for formal risk assessment, should it

shall be held by the Area Authority

production equipment and piping systems safe for the

become necessary. Where necessary, reference



The use of specifically designed tamper-proof valve

introduction of hydrocarbon gases and liquids, and to create

shall be made to the Installation or site Operations

an auditable record to demonstrate the integrity of all

interlocks. The activation of the interlock shall be

Safety Manual

(OSM) and the identification of

controlled by the Area Authority utilising the master

hydrocarbon production systems.

high-risk areas

key held at the site



A boundary isolation may be put in place to cover

For an an overview of the leak testing process refer to the

several planned activities in an area of plant. The

When isolating any valve that cannot be locked and may

SSOW for Leak Testing (Document No. AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-

Isolation Certificate shall describe the scope of work

inadvertently be opened by accidental contact, the valve

00055-2).

planned and the Permits for these jobs shall be

handle shall be removed where practicable.

cross-referred to the same Isolation Certificate



The need for good access and egress to allow

Electrically operated valves shall have the power supply

isolations to be effected

positively isolated and any handjack shall be manually locked.



Isolations should be as close to the vessel or

If the valve cannot be physically immobilised it should not

worksite as possible, to assist in security and ease

normally be used for isolation purposes.

of monitoring



Preparation for isolation involving draining, flushing,

Pneumatically and hydraulically operated valves which fail

purging and venting of process pipe-work shall be

closed shall have their control lines isolated and physically

conducted under the AzSPU Safe System of Work

disconnected.

(SSOW) according to the appropriate procedures for

the task and including the appropriate isolation

Pneumatically and hydraulically operated valves which fail



Amendments shall not normally be made to

open should not normally be used for isolation purposes. If no

isolations in place other than to allow testing of

other alternative is reasonably practicable, the valve shall be

equipment prior to return to service. Amendments

prevented from moving. Under this situation the isolation shall

may be made to improve the integrity of the isolation

be considered as non-compliant with Energy Isolations-

with the approval of the Area Authority. The reason

Process and a Level 2 Isolation Risk Assessment carried out.

Control Tier: <<2>>

Revision Date: 14 Sept 2007

Document Number: <<AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00049-2

Print Date: 24/07/2010

PAPER COPIES ARE UNCONTROLLED. THIS COPY VALID ONLY AT THE TIME OF PRINTING. THE CONTROLLED VERSION OF THIS DOCUMENT CAN BE FOUND AT:

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Procedure for Energy Isolation - Process

Page 39 of 40

Revision/Review Log

Revision Date

Authority

Custodian

Revision Details

09 Sept 2004

Central

EI (process) Technical

Initial issue as controlled document

Engineering Senior

Authority

07 Sept 2007

Alan McNulty

Steve Grittner

Table of Contents changed as follows:

CHSSE Manager

Central Engineering

Additional sub-sections added to Section 1:

Senior Authority

Introduction

General:

Throughout the procedure the document

numbering for referred SSOW‟s has been

changed from UNIF-HSE-PRO to AZSPU-

HSSE-DOC.

Section 1. Introduction:

1.2 is now Scope. 1.3 is now Legislation &

Standards. 1.4 is now Company

Requirements. 1.5 is now Stopping Unsafe

Work. 1.6 is now Deviations. 1.7 is now

Document Review. 1.8 is now SSOW

Specific Cross Reference. 1.9 is now

Golden Rules of Safety. 1.10 is now

Language Facilitation. 1.11 is now

Procedure Summary

Section 2. Definitions:

Definitions moved from Appendix „A‟ to this

section.

Section 3. Roles & Responsibilities:

3.3 OIM/SC/SM: 3^rd bullet point; updated

document number for Authorization.

3.4 Area Authority: 2^nd bullet point; added

Site Manager. 4^th bullet point; updated

document number for Task Risk

Assessment.

Section 4. Monitoring & Auditing of

Isolations:

4.2 Self-Regulation and Audit: Changed;

Each Business Asset shall: to Each Site /

Installation shall:…

Section 5. Competency, Training &

Awareness:

5.2 Levels of Training: Added competency

requirements shall be in accordance with

AzSPU Training Policy (AZSPU-HSSE-

DOC-00088-2). Training Matrix removed

from this section

Section 8. Types of Isolations:

Last bullet point; updated document number

for Confined Space Entry.

Appendix A. Is now Isolation Standards

Appendix B. Is now Guidance Notes.

Appendix C. Is now Typical Valve

Isolations Integrity Tests

Control Tier: <<2>>

Revision Date: 14 Sept 2007

Document Number: << AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00049-2>>

Print Date: 7/24/2010

PAPER COPIES ARE UNCONTROLLED. THIS COPY VALID ONLY AT THE TIME OF PRINTING. THE CONTROLLED VERSION OF THIS

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Procedure for Excavations

Page 2 of 32

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Purpose

1.2 Scope

1.3 Legislation & Standards

1.4 Ground Disturbance Golden Rules of Safety

1.5 Company Requirements

1.6 Stopping Unsafe Work

1.7 Deviations

1.8 Document Review

1.9 SSOW Specific Cross References

1.10 Language Facilitation

1.11 Procedure Summary

DEFINITIONS & ABBREVIATIONS

ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES

3.1 Site Manager (SM) / Site Controller (SC)

3.2 Area Authority (AA)

3.3 Performing Authority

3.4 Machinery Operator

3.5 Banksmen

3.6 All Personnel

3.7 Environmental Adviser

EXCAVATIONS AND TRENCHES DEEPER THAN 1.2M

ACCESS ROUTES

ROUTE IDENTIFICATION AND PREPARATION

6.1 Locating and Marking Existing Pipelines

6.2 Pipeline Crossing Points

SITE SAFETY

7.1 Access and Security

7.2 Vehicle Traffic

7.3 Personnel

7.4 Equipment

7.5 The Use of Mechanical Equipment near Overhead Power Lines

7.6 Working Hours

7.7 Fires

PRE-EXCAVATION REQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURE

8.1 BP Consent

8.2 Landowners

8.3 Third Party Services

8.4 Excavation Boundaries

8.5 Drainage Patterns

8.6 Excavation design requirements

8.7 Risk Assessment, Permit to Work and Supplementary Certificates

8.8 Environmental Impact Assessment

Control Tier:

<<2>>

Revision Date: 14 Sept 2007

Document Number: << AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00050-2>>

Print Date: 7/24/2010

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Procedure for Excavations

Page 4 of 32

INTRODUCTION

Purpose

This document sets out the precautions and conditions considered necessary for the

safety of all excavation works carried out on BP owned or managed sites in Azerbaijan

and Georgia. It has been produced so that all involved parties can make a uniform

approach to excavations.

Scope

The contents of this procedure are applicable to all BP owned and managed sites /

installations in Azerbaijan and Georgia. Contractors working on BP owned or managed

sites / installations are also responsible for alignment with this procedure.

This document does not replace the procedures prepared and adopted by specialist

contractors. Neither does it supersede any national and local regulatory requirements.

This procedure contributes to compliance with the “HSE expectations” contained in

“getting HSE right”, the „Golden Rules of Safety‟ and the Control of Work (CoW)

standard that the Hazards associated with BP activities are identified and that the risks

are assessed and managed.

All guidelines contained shall be regarded as the minimum requirements for BP owned

or managed sites / installations in Azerbaijan and Georgia.

The scope covers defined activities of BP and Contractors at all BP AzSPU sites and

installations.

This document refers to:

 Method of excavation

 Excavation and protection of all pipelines and services

 Excavation of oil contaminated soils

 Backfilling guidelines

Legislation & Standards

The aim of this Safe System of Work is to achieve ”no accidents”, “no harm to people”

and “no damage to the environment”. To achieve this aim, this SSOW complies with

National Legislation, the terms of the Production Sharing Agreement

(PSA) and

mandatory BP Standards.

The best International Oil Industry practice and relevant goal setting legislation have

been adopted to reduce the level of risk to as low as reasonably practicable and

therefore well below that mandated by applicable statutory laws and regulations.

In the absence of local regulations, BP Group Standards will apply. In addition,

appropriate UK and US regulations and industry best practice have been considered in

setting suitable goals and targets.

Control Tier:

<<2>>

Revision Date: 14 Sept 2007

Document Number: << AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00050-2>>

Print Date: 7/24/2010

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Procedure for Excavations

Page 5 of 32

Ground Disturbance Golden Rules of Safety

Ground Disturbance is one of BP‟s Golden Rules of Safety and states:

Work that involves a manmade cut, cavity, trench or depression formed by earth

removal, or driving of piles into the earth‟s surface cannot proceed unless:

 All underground hazards, i.e., pipelines, electric cables, etc., have been

identified, located and if necessary, isolated

 A permit has been issued

 Ground movement has been controlled and collapse prevented by

systematically shoring, sloping, benching, etc., as appropriate

 Ground and environmental conditions are monitored for change

 Unauthorized access is prevented

Where persons are to enter an excavation:

 A confined space entry permit must be issued if the entry meets the confined

space definition

Company Requirements

It is a company requirement that all tasks are subjected to an assessment of risk to

demonstrate that risks have been reduced to as low a level as reasonably practicable

(ALARP). This can be achieved by complying with the Company‟s existing standards.

Where compliance with Company standards cannot reasonably be achieved, a formal

level 2 Risk Assessment will be undertaken to identify any additional controls and

demonstrate that risks remain as low as reasonably practicable. Whether by

compliance with Company Standards or through level

2 Risk Assessment, the

Company‟s Golden Rules of Safety must be complied with. Golden Rules are non-

negotiable.

Stopping Unsafe Work

To stop the continuation of potentially unsafe work at the earliest possible stage, the

Control of Work (CoW) Policy and this procedure for Excavations make it very clear

that all personnel are obliged and have the authority to “STOP” the work that they

consider to be unsafe.

Deviations

This procedure is written in sufficient detail that it should be able to be applied

consistently at all sites / installations. There may still be the requirement for some local

rules covering site / installation specific logistical/administrative arrangements and local

variations in responsibilities to reflect differences in organisational arrangements.

These local rules should not deviate from the core processes within this document. Any

form of deviation from this procedure, including but not limited to local rules, shall be

requested and authorised in accordance with SSOW, Deviations from Regulations and

Procedures (Doc. No: AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00011-2).

Control Tier:

<<2>>

Revision Date: 14 Sept 2007

Document Number: << AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00050-2>>

Print Date: 7/24/2010

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Procedure for Excavations

Page 6 of 32

Document Review

This document will be reviewed on an annual basis when users from the sites /

installations will have an opportunity to propose changes to the existing processes and

procedures. The document Technical Authority will be responsible for coordinating this

review.

SSOW Specific Cross References

This procedure shall, where appropriate, be used in conjunction with this suite of

AzSPU Procedures referenced below.

Document Number

Title of Procedure

AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00011-2

Deviations from Regulations and Procedures

AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00060-2

Permit To Work

AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00063-2

Task Risk Assessment

AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00048-2

Energy Isolations-Electrical

AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00049-2

Energy Isolations-Process

AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00013-2

Confined Space Entry

AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00066-2

Hydrogen Sulphide

AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00002-2

BP Control of Work Standards

Language Facilitation

Due to the various languages spoken at sites / installations, there is a necessity to

assist all with “an ease of understanding”. Therefore, the development and use of

information tools are available.

Procedure Summary

A Procedure Summary has been developed in a form of a leaflet, which can be carried

by the Line Supervisors while conducting their day-to-day work tasks. The Leaflet

summarizes the contents of this procedure for Excavations. The Procedure Summary

can also be used as a guideline for Line Supervisors to deliver their daily toolbox talk.

(See Appendix C)

DEFINITIONS & ABBREVIATIONS

ROW

Right of Way

GIS

Geotechnical Information System

GPS

Global Positioning System

Site Manager

Site Controller

OIM

Offshore Installation Manager

Area Authority

Performing Authority

ALARP

As Low as Reasonably Practicable

COW

Control of Work

CSE

Confined Space Entry

Control Tier:

<<2>>

Revision Date: 14 Sept 2007

Document Number: << AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00050-2>>

Print Date: 7/24/2010

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Procedure for Excavations

Page 7 of 32

ICC

Isolation Control Certificate

L2RA

Level 2 Risk Assessment

PTW

Permit to Work

RTC

Risk It, Talk It, Check It Pre-Task Risk Assessment

SSOW

Safe System of Work

TRA

Task Risk Assessment

Technical Authority

TBT

Toolbox Talk

ROPS

Roll Over Protective Structure

Competent

A person trained in soil analysis (as far as is reasonably practicable),

Person

the use of protective systems and hazardous atmospheric conditions

who has the authorization to take prompt corrective measures to

eliminate hazards

Excavation

Any man-made cut, cavity, trench or depression in an earth surface

formed by earth removal. Examples include ditches, trenches, bell

holes, etc

Way Leave

The strip of land through which BP has acquired the right to lay,

Strip

construct and maintain a pipeline

ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES

Site Manager (SM) / Site Controller (SC)

The Site Manager / Site Controller shall be responsible and accountable for the

application of this procedure in his area of responsibility, He shall ensure:

 That this procedure is strictly adhered to for all work activities that involve open

excavations in the earth‟s surface

 That only certified and experienced operators operate excavating equipment

 That all work activities that involve open excavations in the earth‟s surface are

subject to risk assessment and the Project Permit to Work System

 That all work activities that involve open excavations in the earth‟s surface are

closely monitored to ensure compliance with this procedure

 That suitably qualified and experienced personnel are appointed to control and

perform all work activities that involve open excavations in the earth‟s surface

Area Authority (AA)

Area Authorities are responsible for:

 Compliance with this Safe System of Work within their area of authority

 The safety of personnel and the safe execution of activities within their area

 Ensuring daily equipment checks are completed on equipment within their area

by the Machinery Operator and that equipment is maintained in good working

order

 Ensuring that all excavations are conducted in accordance with this procedure

and BP Golden Rules of Safety (ground disturbance)

 Provision of instruction to personnel as required

 Monitoring work activities to ensure compliance with the requirements of safe

systems of work

Control Tier:

<<2>>

Revision Date: 14 Sept 2007

Document Number: << AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00050-2>>

Print Date: 7/24/2010

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Procedure for Excavations

Page 8 of 32

Performing Authority (PA)

Performing Authorities are responsible for:

 Complying with the requirements of this procedure during the performance of

all the excavation work or preparing and submitting to the Area Authority, for

review and approval, their own Excavation procedure to cover the work

 Ensuring that only suitably trained persons are assigned to excavating and

trenching activities in their area of operation

 Ensure that all workers under their control understand the specific excavation

safeguards and comply with this procedure and any other BP standard, local

regulation ands applicable safety rules, standards, and procedures during

excavation and trenching operations

Machinery Operator

Machinery operators are responsible for:

 The safe and responsible operation of machinery under their control

 Immediately reporting to their supervisor if they believe the equipment they are

using is in a dangerous or unsafe condition

 Ensuring that the machinery or equipment they use has all the safety devices

and guards in place and that all guards are properly fitted.

 Ensuring daily equipment checks are completed on equipment within their area

and that equipment is maintained in good working order

Banksmen

Banksmen are responsible for:

 Preventing access to working areas under their control by unauthorised

personnel

 Providing safe guidance and assisting in the safe operation of machinery under

their direction

 Remain in communication with the rigger/slinger and crane operator at all times.

 Be known and clearly identifiable to all concerned by wearing high visibility

identification

All Personnel

All personnel are responsible for:

 Carrying out their duties in a safe and responsible manner

 For halting any work where they feel that conditions are unsafe and for bringing

this to the attention of their immediate supervisor

Environmental Adviser

Environmental Advisers are responsible for:

 Providing advice and assistance to the Site Supervisor on environmental

matters as and when required

Control Tier:

<<2>>

Revision Date: 14 Sept 2007

Document Number: << AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00050-2>>

Print Date: 7/24/2010

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Procedure for Excavations

Page 9 of 32

 Providing Geotechnical Information System information and Global Positioning

Survey coordinates regarding natural, archaeological and other important

features within and adjacent to the excavation site.

Note: Photographs of important features should also be provided if required.

EXCAVATIONS AND TRENCHES DEEPER THAN 1.2m

All excavations and trenches deeper than 1.2 metres in “hazardous areas” as defined

by the site / installation are classified as confined spaces.

In “non hazardous areas” where there are no significant hazards identified prior to entry,

the following criteria must be established before determining the requirement for a

“Confined Space Entry permit”:

 No risk of atmospeheric hazards either from surrounding area or from the task

being performed.

 The excavation does not require any form of isolation prior to entry.

 No risk of engulfment from Ingress of solids or liquids.

 No risk from excessive heat.

 Unrestricted safe means of access and egress for work party

 Unrestricted safe means of aceess and egress for rescue purposes

 Excavations benched or shored to reduce risk of collapse

 Continuous monitoring of O2, LEL and other toxic gasses are carried out inside

the excavation

The excavation / trench may be classified as “not a confined space” if all the above

criteria can be established and a Level 2 Risk Assessment is conducted.

Note: A Permit to Work and Level 2 Risk Assessment are mandatory for “all work” in

excavations and trenches deeper than 1.2m.

ACCESS ROUTES

Access routes to proposed sites shall be properly surveyed and. In particular, for all

access routes:

 Risk assessments shall be made, and actions documented, for all crossing

points and other points of difficulty recognised on the route

 Method statements shall be produced for negotiating all crossing points and

other points of difficulty

 The route shall be clearly marked

ROUTE IDENTIFICATION AND PREPARATION

Locating and Marking Existing Pipelines

Note: At locations where there is hydrocarbon or a suspected leak a gas survey

Control Tier:

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Procedure for Excavations

Page 10 of 32

must be carried out before pipeline location activities begin.

Prior to the commencement of any excavation a site survey shall be carried out in order

to:

 Locate, identify and mark any existing pipelines and foreign services and

utilities and any cathodic protection system components, using pipe locating

equipment and hand excavated trial holes

 Peg out the pipeline routing

 Define and log the point of excavation

Pipeline Crossing Points

Requirements

Construction traffic and other plant shall cross the pipeline only by:

 Public roads

 Previously agreed and clearly marked crossing lanes or bridges

Construction

All crossing lanes shall be fenced on both sides over a width to be specified and

agreed by the Pipeline Patrolman as far as is reasonably practicable as dictated by

local conditions and acts of vandalism. These fences shall be returned along the edge

of the way-leave strip for a distance of 6 m away from the crossing.

Where it is necessary at crossing points to install a temporary bridge to protect the

pipeline, the bridge will be of engineered design and approved by the Site Manager or

Site Controller. The design and construction of such bridges and crossings shall be by

a competent person or approved civil engineering subcontractor where it is deemed

necessary.

Markings

Any temporary crossing or bridge must be clearly marked by appropriate notices and

flags, and additionally with lights at dusk, at night or in foggy conditions.

SITE SAFETY

Access and Security

Guards and Barricades

Open excavations near public areas must be:

 Attended by a watchman

 Protected by a barricade and marked with a warning sign

All other open excavations should be attended by a watchman, marked or barricaded. If

there is a recognised chance of people or cattle falling into the excavation, a decision

may be taken regarding the use of a night watchman.

Note: If a night watchman is used, he shall be equipped with appropriate

communications and shelter for use in case of prowling animals, sickness or

other emergency. Vehicle for night watchman to be provided as far as is

reasonably practicable.

Control Tier:

<<2>>

Revision Date: 14 Sept 2007

Document Number: << AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00050-2>>

Print Date: 7/24/2010

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Procedure for Excavations

Page 11 of 32

Fencing, Gates and Safety Notices

Erection of stock fencing, gates and bunting safety notices, etc., shall be undertaken

over access ways and worksites.

When the pipeline is exposed outside normal working hours a security presence will be

required over and above that of the normal construction personnel. This service shall

be supplied by a BP approved Contractor.

Vehicle Traffic

Vehicular traffic should not operate within 1.5 m of a trench or excavation. Vibration

created by traffic may cause cave-ins.

Personnel

Warning: Workers should not stand on the edge of an excavation or between a

pipeline ditch and strung pipe resting on skids. The bank might slough, or

temperature changes in the pipe could cause skids to fail and allow the

pipe to fall.

Protective Equipment (PPE)

With temperatures experienced in Azerbaijan and Georgia the use of Inherently Fire

Resistant or Flame Retardant Coveralls during summer where personnel are working

all day outside could be unbearable. An alternative to IFR/FR coveralls for the low flash

risk applications is 100% cotton. Personnel involved in specific work activities near live

hydrocarbon lines should wear Flame Retardant coveralls.

During all activities on site all personnel shall wear minimum PPE (helmet, safety

boots/shoes, fire coveralls, and eye protection).

Personnel involved in specific work activities shall wear additional PPE to suit the

requirements of the work as agreed/detailed at the pre-work toolbox talk.

Equipment

Type and Location

All equipment shall be checked and registered on the appropriate checklists and

registered in accordance with the site operating procedures. All operatives‟ certificates

shall be checked and logged prior to works commencing.

Warning: Machinery vibration may cause cave-in. No running plant shall be located

within 1.5 m of an excavation.

Equipment Inspection

Equipment shall be inspected daily and maintained as necessary to ensure that it is in

good working order. This includes the inspection of brakes, pivot pins, hydraulic

cylinders, hoses, snap rings, main attaching bolts, etc.

Control Tier:

<<2>>

Revision Date: 14 Sept 2007

Document Number: << AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00050-2>>

Print Date: 7/24/2010

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Procedure for Excavations

Page 12 of 32

Adjustments and Repairs

Do not lubricate or make mechanical adjustments to the unit while the unit is in motion

or the engine is running.

Do not repair or tighten hydraulic hoses or fittings when the:

 System in under pressure

 Engine is running

 Equipment hydraulic cylinders are under a load

Refuelling

A method statement covering spill containment and management of personnel injury

risks shall be prepared for all refuelling operations. In all cases, equipment shall be

shut down prior to being refuelled.

Lighting

All lighting shall be either explosion proof or located outside Zone 2.

The Use of Mechanical Equipment near Overhead Power Lines

Introduction

All personnel working near overhead power lines with a machine or mechanical

equipment shall be made aware of:

 The dangers associated with power lines

 The precautions they should follow to deal with those dangers

 What to do if they make contact with a power line

Warning: Physical contact with high-voltage overhead power lines is likely to be fatal

or cause severe and irreversible maiming.

It is impossible to say whether an overhead cable is a power line or a

telephone line from observation alone. The only sure method is to make

contact with the line owner.

Note: Further guidance on safe working in the vicinity of over head power lines can be

gained from HSE note GS 6; Avoidance of Danger from Overhead Electric

Power Lines.

Safe Vertical Working Clearance

The minimum safe working distance between mechanical excavation equipment and

live overhead power lines will vary according to:

 Type of power line (for example, insulated or un-insulated)

 Voltage carried by the power line

 Ground and weather conditions

To establish and maintain safe vertical working distances between mechanical

equipment and overhead power lines the following practice shall always apply:

1. Establish and record the maximum vertical reach of all machines on site.

2. Identify the routes of all overhead lines on or near the land to be excavated and

clearly mark these routes on site plans.

Control Tier:

<<2>>

Revision Date: 14 Sept 2007

Document Number: << AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00050-2>>

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Procedure for Excavations

Page 13 of 32

3. For each overhead power line, identify the line owner.

4. From the line owner find out:

a. If the line can be conveniently made DEAD

b. The line type (for example, insulated or un-insulated)

c. The voltage carried

d. The minimum safe working clearance for mechanical machinery operating

near the power line

5. If the line cannot conveniently be made DEAD then the established minimum

safe operating clearance shall be adhered to at all times.

Reducing the Risk from Overhead Power Lines

Risks associated with working close to overhead power lines can be reduced by:

 Taking care not to damage poles and stays

 Fitting shorter radio aerials or repositioning existing ones on high machines so

they cannot cause danger

 Carrying long items (for example, pipes or ladders) horizontally and not storing

pipes or other materials and equipment near or under power lines and their

supports

 Designating safe areas for high-risk activities; for example, tipping trailers

 Using barriers and goalposts: by erecting goalposts and barriers, machines

which have to pass beneath lines can be limited to a safe height - an option

especially suited to gateways and tracks

If Contact is made With an Overhead Power Line:

 Never touch an overhead line - even if it has been brought down by machinery,

or has fallen through other means.

 Never assume that lines are dead.

 When a machine is in contact with an overhead line, electrocution is possible if

anyone touches both the machine and the ground. Stay in the machine and

lower any raised parts that are in contact or drive the machines out of the lines if

you can.

 If you need to get out to summon help or because of fire, jump out as far as you

can without touching any wires or the machine - keep upright and away from

the machine.

 Get the line owners to disconnect the power supply. Even if the line appears

dead, do not touch it - automatic switching may reconnect the power

Working Hours

Excavation work shall only be carried out during daylight hours where practicable. If the

task overruns dayshift then the area will be barriered off and illuminated using

approved out side site lighting. Preferably this should be a mobile tower, diesel driven

arc light if available. These are additional requirements in addition to the site being

fenced off.

Fires

Storage of material for lighting of fires within the pipeline way-leave or in the vicinity of

above ground installations associated with it is not permitted.

Control Tier:

<<2>>

Revision Date: 14 Sept 2007

Document Number: << AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00050-2>>

Print Date: 7/24/2010

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Procedure for Excavations

Page 14 of 32

PRE-EXCAVATION REQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURE

Note: Excavation activity should preferably be undertaken in the summer as far as is

reasonably practicable, in order to minimise both ground disturbance and soil

compaction.

BP Consent

Excavations may only take place on BP managed or owned property with formal

consent from BP, with 72 hours notice as far as is reasonably practicable. Where

excavation is to take place, a Permit to Work and an Excavation Certificate shall be

obtained before work begins.

Landowners

Ensure that access has been granted by the landowner, that a pre-entry survey with

photographs has been done and that compensation, access route and area protection

have also been agreed.

Landowners and neighbours in close proximity to the proposed excavation must be

informed that work is about to begin and that the inspection is of a routine nature.

Note: This requirement may be negated under an emergency situation.

Third Party Services

Owners of third party services shall be contacted before the excavation of their services

begins. A No Objection Certificate shall be obtained when applicable.

Excavation Boundaries

The extent of required excavation shall be clearly marked out prior to commencement

of the work.

All PTW for excavations shall include a drawing of sufficient scale to clearly define the

excavation boundaries.

Drainage Patterns

Prior to excavation, existing drainage patterns should be noted, so that subsequent

drainage schemes can mimic the original pattern (see 11.1 Drainage).

Excavation design requirements

Access

Whenever personnel will be in an excavation, ramps, stairways or ladders should be

kept within 7.6m of workers for all excavations over 1.2m deep.

Control Tier:

<<2>>

Revision Date: 14 Sept 2007

Document Number: << AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00050-2>>

Print Date: 7/24/2010

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Procedure for Excavations

Page 15 of 32

A ladder, stairway or ramp shall be installed on both sides of the pipeline to provide

ingress and egress for workers.

Windsocks

In hazardous areas, windsocks or flags must be positioned on both sides of the

excavation in order to determine wind direction.

Portable Gas Detectors

Portable gas detectors are to be used in hazardous areas and they are to be sited up-

wind of the excavation. Care is to be taken as to ensure the work party are in audible

range of the detector. The detectors are to be checked and monitored regularly. It may

also be necessary to supply the work party inside the excavation an additional gas

detector.

Slope Requirements and Ground Type

Except in stable rock, all excavations must be shored, shielded (i.e., trench box),

benched or sloped if:

 The excavation is 1.2m or more in depth

 A worker‟s head is below the level of the excavation when bending or stooping

to perform the work task - as far as is reasonably practicable and/or required by

Risk Assessment.

Excavations deeper then 1m shall have the sides benched or battered back, as per

Figure 1 Minimum Acceptable Excavation Design Profiles for battered profile or figure 2

for benched profile. Shoring shall be used when required and site specific drawings, for

approval by BP, shall be prepared.

STEEPER SLOPES

REQUIRES SOIL

CLASSIFICATION TEST

“C”

“B”

“A”

SEE OSHA STANDARD

FOR EXCAVATIONS

DEEPER THAN 20 FEET

Note: 20 feet = 6.1m

Control Tier:

<<2>>

Revision Date: 14 Sept 2007

Document Number: << AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00050-2>>

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Procedure for Excavations

Page 17 of 32

Planning for Water Accumulation

Works shall be suspended / re-scheduled during periods of severe/inclement weather.

A portable diesel driven dewatering pump with a suitable length of hose shall be in

attendance to drain the excavation if required.

When someone will be working in an excavation where water may accumulate,

consideration should be given to:

 Special support or shield systems

 Water removal equipment, and

 Emergency rescue procedures

Risk Assessment, Permit to Work and Supplementary Certificates

All Excavation Work

All works shall be:

 Preceded by a Risk Assessment

 Carried out under a Permit to Work, supported where necessary by:

o Isolation Confirmation Certificate, if applicable

o Clearance for Excavation Certificate

o An application to perform lifting operations/Clearance to Move Heavy

Equipment Certificate, if applicable

o Confined Space Entry Certificate, if excavation defined as confined space

 Implemented by competent and suitably qualified personnel under control of a

Site Supervisor or his appointed nominee

Permit Requirements

Prior to permit issue, the following must be ascertained:

 All Isolation Confirmation Certificates

(ICC's) for the pipeline have been

checked and validated, if applicable.

 The landowner has granted right of access.

 The Task Risk Assessment has been carried out (in particular, all power, pilot or

tracer cables that are within the excavation zone, overhead and below ground,

must be located and identified).

 The Task Work-pack, if applicable, are approved and onsite

In addition, the procedures listed in 1.9 SSOW Specific Cross References should be

consulted wherever there is a potential for:

 Possible energy release

 The presence of hydrogen sulphide or hydrocarbon gas

 An oxygen deficient environment

 The presence of carbon monoxide or other chemical substances

Environmental Impact Assessment

For new excavations in areas not previously excavated or areas containing refurbished

sections of the old GIOC pipeline, before any excavation

(mechanical or non-

mechanical) may begin, an Environmental Impact Assessment must be conducted to

establish whether or not the area of excavation is of ecological or archaeological

importance. An Environmental Impact Assessment Report / Letter (based on the

Control Tier:

<<2>>

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Document Number: << AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00050-2>>

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Procedure for Excavations

Page 18 of 32

findings of the assessment) shall be sent to the State Committee of Ecology (SCE) for

approval. Only when this report / letter has been approved can excavation commence,

and even then, only in accordance with any requirements specified by the SCE.

Note: Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments shall be implemented in

accordance with the EMS Manual and Procedure No. EP - 003

Site Supervisor - Assessment Responsibilities

The Site Manager / Site Controller shall review archaeological maps, ensure that the

Environmental Adviser is notified of any scheduled ground disturbance (inside and

outside the right-of-way) and shall ensure all relevant personnel are made aware of the

resulting Environmental Assessment.

Environmental Adviser - Assessment Responsibilities

Upon notification of the intended excavation, the Environmental Adviser shall:

 Provide the Site Supervisor with GIS information regarding natural and

archaeological features on the site

 Provide the Site Supervisor with GPS coordinates and photographs of any

important features

 Conduct a presentation identifying relevant natural and archaeological features

on the site. Attendees for the presentation shall include the Area Authority /

Performing Authority / Supervisor and machinery / excavator operators

EXCAVATION PROCEDURES

Note: No excavation shall be performed:

Without a BP representative being on site as far as is reasonably practicable

Until adequate communications with management and/or the emergency

response team are assured (the communications protocol to be adopted shall

be included in the Emergency Response Bridging Document) and/or in the

relevant operations procedures).

Note: No mechanical excavation shall take place closer than1m to any existing live

pipelines, cables, services and services. Use of mechanical excavation to within

1m is subject to said pipelines, cables or services being identified, located and

suitably protected.

Excavation Inspections

Where personnel are required to work in excavations of 1.2m or deeper a safety

inspection by a competent person must be carried out on each shift as follows:

 Before work is started

 After severe weather conditions or seismic activity

 After other occurrences which may increase the hazard of cave-ins

All high-risk excavations as defined by the Risk Assessment must be attended by a

geo-technical engineer/person trained in soil analysis.

Control Tier:

<<2>>

Revision Date: 14 Sept 2007

Document Number: << AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00050-2>>

Print Date: 7/24/2010

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Procedure for Excavations

Page 19 of 32

Toolbox Talks

A toolbox talk shall be carried out prior to works commencing with all parties involved in

the works. Talks shall be carried out during the works when the initial shift handover

takes place and when new works come on site.

Note: Toolbox talks shall be recorded.

Non-Mechanical Excavation

Once the position of the pipeline has been found, mechanical excavation may proceed

down to 500mm from the top of the pipe, leaving the remainder to be removed by hand.

This also applies to each side of the pipe except that the last 1000mm is to be removed

by hand. Machine excavation down to a depth of 500mm to top of pipe is only allowed if

combined with hand excavation as follows:

 Hand excavate a slit trench across the intended excavation up to a depth of

300mm

 Probe the hand excavated area to confirm the pipeline is at 500mm or greater

depth

 Machine excavate the remaining area to a depth not exceeding the depth of the

hand excavation

 Hand excavate a slit trench as above, probe and the if pipe cover below depth

of hand excavation is greater than

500mm again machine excavate the

remaining area to a depth not exceeding the depth of the hand excavation

 Repeat the above until a cover of 500mm over the pipeline remains. This shall

then be removed by hand excavation only

Note: An entry certificate will be required for work in an excavation that is deeper

than 1.2m. (See section 4 Trenches and Excavations)

Note: Excavator buckets shall not be fitted with teeth during excavations in the

vicinity of pipelines or any other service.

Soil below the pipeline shall be removed by hand to the side of the excavations where it

can be mechanically removed.

If the pipeline at any time is exposed by excavation, it shall be properly supported and

protected against damage to the satisfaction of the Area Authority or BP representative.

On completion, permanent support shall, if necessary, be constructed to avoid future

settlement.

Temporary supports shall be installed under exposed services, where required and the

Contractor shall submit a sketch of proposed support for approval prior to excavating.

To avoid damage during work, any exposed part of the pipeline shall be protected by

cladding (for example, timber) as directed by the Area Authority/BP representative and

any damage to the protective wrap/coating of the pipeline, whether existing or caused

by excavation work, etc., shall be brought to his notice.

Control Tier:

<<2>>

Revision Date: 14 Sept 2007

Document Number: << AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00050-2>>

Print Date: 7/24/2010

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Procedure for Excavations

Page 20 of 32

Mechanical Excavation

Before machine excavation begins:

Pipelines, should be depressurised as far as is reasonably practicable, and hand

digging should be completed around pipelines, utilities, and cathodic protection system

components

Note: Use caution when excavating around live lines and / or lines that may be

severely corroded.

Note: Excavator buckets shall not be fitted with teeth during excavations in the

vicinity of pipelines or any other service.

Operating restrictions

The following are operating restrictions for excavating equipment:

 Tracked vehicles should be used in preference to wheeled equipment on the

side of the excavation to minimise soil compaction.

 Equipment must be operated within its rated capacity.

 Personnel must stay clear of excavating equipment while in operation.

 Examples of unsafe areas include: under or beside the bucket of a backhoe,

near hydraulic rams of a bulldozer, etc.

 Roll Over Protective Structure (ROPS) is required by PUWER 98 to be fitted on

any mobile equipment as far as is reasonably practicable.

Decision whether or not ROPS is required, is based on pre-job Risk Assessment and

exemptions from this rule are as follows:

 The ROPS would increase the overall risk to safety

 It is not reasonably practicable to operate the mobile work equipment with such

a device fitted

 If mobile equipment was purchased for use in the business before 5 December

1998

 A seat belt must be installed on equipment manufactured with a ROPS.

 Do not use equipment if the ROPS has been removed

Note: “Pure” ditching machines (those without blades or backhoe attachments) are

excluded from ROPS requirements.

Operators

Equipment operators must:

 Be trained in the use of the equipment

 Be properly seated when operating equipment controls

 Wear seat belts if the equipment is in operation and furnished from the

manufacturer with a Roll Over Protective Structure (ROPS)

Note: Seat belts should not be worn if the equipment is not fitted with a ROPS.

 Use care at all times to maintain equipment stability

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Procedure for Excavations

Page 21 of 32

 Always drive at safe speeds for the conditions encountered (for example, on

rough ground, slopes, crossing ditches, turning, etc)

 Always use steps and handles provided when mounting or dismounting

equipment

Equipment operators must not:

 Start the engine unless seated in the driver‟s seat

 Allow other personnel to ride on the equipment unless it is designated for more

than one occupant

 Get off the equipment while it is in motion, except in an emergency

Parking and Moving Equipment

The table below describes the operator requirements for specific excavating equipment.

Activity

Precautions

Parking excavating

 Park the unit on level ground if possible and lower the boom to

equipment

a relaxed position

Parking a backhoe on

 Lower the bucket so that the cutting blade contacts the

an incline

ground, then apply the parking brake and securely chock the

wheels.

Loading equipment

 Use crawl gear.

on a trailer

Storing or

 Use trainer ramps

transporting a ditcher

 Lower the boom

on a trailer

 Place the transmission in gear and fasten the ditcher securely

to the trailer

Using Backhoes

The following precautions apply whenever a backhoe is used during excavation:

 Personnel must not be in an excavation within the full reach of the backhoe

while it is excavating

 The boom must be raised and centred before engaging or disengaging the

transport.

 Avoid using the full reach or swinging a loaded bucket to the downhill side

Note: This will prevent upsets when operating on a slope.

 Attach towlines at a point below the rear axle

Note: Attaching above this level increases the risk of rollover.

Waste Management

Waste management on the excavation site shall be implemented according to the EMS

Manual and Procedure No. EP 80

Power Lines

Before operating equipment, all utility lines and overhead power lines must be located

and identified.

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Procedure for Excavations

Page 22 of 32

Note: See 4.5 The Use of Mechanical Equipment Near Overhead Power Lines.

Hydrocarbon Pipelines

Mechanized excavation in close proximity to hydrocarbon lines poses an increased risk

of fire/explosion in the event of hydrocarbon release.

Note: Mechanical excavation shall not occur within 15.2m of an open flame, such as

a flare, an equipment burner without a flame arrester, cutting torch, etc.

Excavated Materials

Excavated material shall be placed at least 1m away from the edge of the excavation

and shall be stockpiled within the Right of Way area.

Topsoil

The stripped topsoil shall be stored for re-use away from the side of the excavation and

separate from the sub-soil.

The height of stored soils should be limited to 2m in order to reduce erosion problems

and prevent the development of anaerobic conditions within the stockpile. Weed growth

may need to be controlled by spraying with approved herbicides.

Warning: Do not pile topsoil under overhead power lines.

Subsoil

The stripped sub-soil shall be stored for re-use away from the side of the excavation

and separate from the topsoil.

Warning: Do not pile subsoil under overhead power lines.

Contaminated Soil

Note: Any excavation where contaminated ground is encountered shall have a

Hazard Risk Assessment completed. This Risk Assessment shall take into

consideration the duration that the excavation is expected to be open.

All excavations in contaminated ground conditions will be bounded to prevent the

ingress of surface water and shall be monitored on a regular basis for any change in

the level of the ground water or liquid level (particularly in the event of heavy rainfall).

Monitoring shall be on a 24hour basis in high-risk areas as determined by the Hazard

Risk Assessment.

Excavated contaminated soil shall be placed into a bunded area lined with heavy - duty

plastic sheeting to avoid seepage and shall be segregated from uncontaminated soil.

All excavated soil grossly contaminated with hydrocarbons and not re-used shall be

transported to a designated treatment facility approved by BP.

Where work in an area of contaminated ground cannot proceed in accordance with the

schedule, consideration will be given to back-filling the excavation

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Procedure for Excavations

Page 23 of 32

BACKFILLING PROCEDURE

Preparation

Notice, Approval and Supervision

Adequate notice shall be given to BP of the intention to backfill within the wayleave of

the pipeline.

In addition, backfilling of the trench shall not commence without the approval of the Site

Team Leader or the Area Authority/BP representative and shall only proceed in the

presence of the Area Authority/BP representative. The Area Authority/BP

representative shall advise on the specification of the backfill and the method of

consolidation around the pipeline.

Backfill Materials

No perishable materials such as vegetable growth, timber bush, etc are to be filled into

the trench.

Special care must be taken to prevent any stones, cinders, slag, debris of made up

ground or other harmful matter such as will be likely to set up corrosion from coming

into contact with the pipe.

Stony or gravely trenches are frequently a problem at river crossings and old riverbeds.

If rock, stones or gravel are present in the bottom of the trench then fine material is first

placed below the pipeline to ensure that only fine material surrounds the pipe.

Backfilling Guidelines

Backfilling operations in well-compacted layers should be carried out in such a manner

as to prevent heavy loads passing over the pipeline. Allowance should be made for

sufficient overfilling or mounding of the filled trench to compensate for subsequent

settlement. The following guidelines apply to backfilling operations:

Note: If a compactor is used, area gas monitoring shall be conducted throughout

the compacting activity

1. All water shall be removed from the trench before backfilling commences.

2. The bottom of the trench shall be padded as far as is reasonably practicable

with a minimum of 150mm of suitable granular material, i.e., building sand, to be

approved by the Area Authority/BP representative, free from hard objects which

might damage the pipe coating. This padding shall be compacted in layers of

150mm.

Note: The removal of any fine materials from riverbanks and / or riverbeds is strictly

prohibited.

3. Before backfilling, it must be checked that the pipe is evenly bedded on the

trench padding throughout its length.

4. Imported granular or selected excavated materials, i.e., building sand, shall then

be rammed at sides (150mm) and around the pipe until 300mm of cover over

the top of the pipe has been hand rammed.

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Procedure for Excavations

Page 24 of 32

5. The original topsoil is to be replaced in the top of the trench with the same

depth as that on the working width.

6. All surplus excavated materials, rock, welding rods, waste and all unwanted

material shall be removed from the site of the works and the site left in a tidy

condition.

7. The backfill can be compacted if deemed necessary using a diesel driven plate

compacter. Care must be taken not to damage pipelines

8. On completion of backfilling all fields, verges, tracks, paths, garage drives and

access roads should be permanently reinstated to a condition equivalent to that

before the commencement of the work.

9. Any damage to field drains etc must be repaired and local farmer/land owner be

invited to inspect the repair(s) prior to backfill.

SITE REINSTATEMENT

Reinstatement of the site shall be implemented in accordance with the EMS Manual

and Procedure No. EP-100.

Drainage

Any field drains that have been damaged should be repaired or replaced. Drainage

patterns should be returned to their original state by using the same permeable

materials that were excavated.

Topsoil reinstatement should take place in dry conditions to prevent permeability and

drainage characteristics from being altered through compaction.

Topography

In addition, excavated soils should be redistributed across the entire right-of-way to

restore the natural topography. Any areas outside the trench area that have been

compacted by moving vehicles should be loosened using deep-tine cultivators.

The responsible department in order to ensure that restoration is satisfactory or to

ensure that monitoring should continue should carry out a final inspection.

DOCUMENTATION

The following documentation and information must be maintained and readily available:

 Risk Assessments

 Permits and Supplementary Certificates

 Equipment inspection reports

 Operator certificates

 Notices to 3^rd parties

 Notices received

 Excavation Report

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Procedure for Excavations

Page 26 of 32

Appendix B: Excavation Inspection Checklist

If the answer to any of the questions below is „NO‟ then permission must be granted by

the Site Manager / Site Controller.

Checklist

YES

Supervisor is aware of the Golden Rule for Ground

Disturbance and definition of Confined Space

Risk Assessment conducted

PTW or Excavation Certificates are in place

Toolbox meeting has been conducted

Workgroup is aware of the hazards associated with the task

Excavation has been shored, sloped or benched

Machinery has been inspected

Banks man is on site and easily identifiable

Correct PPE is being worn by all workers

There is no evidence of diesel or oil spills

Underground services have been identified

Overhead power lines have been identified

Spoil heaps are kept back from the sides of the excavation by

at least 1m

Drip trays are in place under stationary machinery

Excavation approved by the Site Manager / Site Controller:

Signed……………………….

Date……………………….

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Procedure for Excavations

Page 27 of 32

Appendix C: Procedure Summary

¾ No risk of engulfment from Ingress of solids or liquids

¾ That all work activities that involve open excavations in the

¾ No risk from excessive heat

earth‟s surface are subject to risk assessment and the

¾ Safe means of access and egress.

Project Permit to Work System

EXCAVATIONS

¾ Excavations benched or shored to reduce risk of collapse (See

¾ That all work activities that involve open excavations in the

- AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00055-2 - Procedure for Excavation.)

earth‟s surface are closely monitored to ensure compliance

BP Golden Rule

¾ Continuous monitoring of O2, LEL and other toxic gasses are

with this procedure

Work that involves a man-made cut, cavity, trench or depression

carried out inside the excavation

¾ That suitably qualified and experienced personnel are

in the earth‟s surface formed by earth removal cannot proceed

appointed to control and perform all work activities that

unless:

The mandatory Level 2 risk assessment for the above mentioned

involve open excavations in the earth‟s surface

¾ A hazard assessment of the work-site is completed by a

criteria, must ensure a practical application of mitigations based on

competent person(s)

the hazards that are ‟„actually” present, then, providing that the

Area Authorities are responsible for:

¾ All underground hazards e.g. pipelines, electric cables, etc,

above criteria is satisfied, the excavation may be classified as “not a

¾ Compliance with this Procedure for Excavations

have been identified, located and if necessary isolated

confined space”.

¾ The safety of personnel and the safe execution of

Where people are to enter an excavation:

excavation activities within their area

¾ A confined space entry certificate must be issued if the

Definition of Confined Space

¾ Ensuring daily equipment checks are completed on

space meets the confined space definition

A “Confined space” is an enclosed or partially enclosed space

equipment within their assigned area and that equipment is

¾ Ground movement must be controlled and collapse

which:

maintained in good working order

prevented by systematically shoring, sloping, benching, etc.

¾ Is large enough for any person to bodily enter it and perform

¾ Provision of instruction to personnel as required

as appropriate

assigned work

¾ Monitoring work activities to ensure compliance with the

¾ Ground and environmental conditions must be continuously

¾ Has limited or restricted means of entry or exit

requirements of safe systems of work

monitored for change

¾ Has unfavourable natural ventilation

¾ Is not designed for continuous occupancy

Banks Men

Trenches and Excavations

For all excavations involving heavy plant and machinery a

All excavations and trenches deeper than

1.2 metres in

All Excavation Work

trained and qualified Banks man will be on site at all times.

“hazardous areas” should be considered as confined spaces.

All excavation works shall be:

¾ Preceded by a Risk Assessment. This could be based on a

Banks men are responsible for:

In contrast, “non hazardous areas” where there are open areas of

generic RA, but shall be reviewed or updated if conditions are

¾ Preventing access to excavation areas under their control

low ground, tank bunds, and other areas where natural ventilation

changed by the responsible person prior to work commencing

by unauthorised personnel. This may include the setting up

will prevent slow accumulation of heavy gases, are not included in

¾ Carried out under a PTW, supported where necessary by;

of barriers.

this definition.

o Isolation Confirmation Certificate

¾ Providing safe guidance and assisting in the safe operation

o Clearance for Excavation Certificate

of machinery under their direction

Note: In both “hazardous” and “non hazardous” areas, any work

o An application to perform lifting operations / Clearance to

task performed will require a Permit to Work and a Level 2 Risk

Move Heavy Equipment Certificate, if applicable

Machine Operators

Assessment conducted.

o Confined Space Entry Certificate, if excavation defined as

Only experienced and competent operators are to operate any

confined space

plant or machinery.

In “non hazardous” areas where excavations and trenches are

o Implemented by competent and suitably qualified personnel

deeper than 1.2 metres where there are no significant hazards

under the control of the Site Supervisor

Machinery operators are responsible for:

identified prior to entry, cases such as these must follow the

¾ Ensuring that daily inspections are performed on their

following criteria before determining the requirement for a

Responsibilities

machinery or equipment prior to the commencement of

“Confined Space Entry permit”:

Site Manager‟s

/ Site Controller‟s shall be responsible and

excavation works

¾ No risk of atmospeheric hazards either from surrounding

accountable for the application of this procedure in his area of

¾ The safe and responsible operation of machinery and

area or from the task being performed

responsibility, He shall ensure:

equipment under their control when conducting excavation

¾ Excavation is outwith areas identified as being hazardous

¾ That this procedure is strictly adhered to for all work activities

work

¾ The excavation does not require any form of isolation prior to

that involve open excavations in the earth‟s surface

entry

Control Tier:

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Procedure for Excavations

Page 28 of 32

Refuelling

Personnel Access

EXCAVATIONS (cont)

A method statement covering spill containment and management of

Whenever personnel will be in an excavation, ramps, stairways

personnel injury risks shall be prepared for all refuelling operations.

or ladders should be kept within

7.6m of workers for all

In all cases, equipment shall be shut down prior to being refuelled.

excavations over 1.2m deep.

¾ Immediate reporting to their supervisor if they believe the

machinery or equipment they are using is in a dangerous or

Underground Services

Shoring and Benching

unsafe condition

No mechanical excavation shall take place closer than 1m to any

Except in stable rock, all excavations must be shored, shielded

¾ Ensuring that the machinery or equipment they use has all

existing live pipelines, cables, services that belong to other parties.

(e.g. Trench box), benched or sloped if:

the safety devices and guards in place and that all guards

¾ The excavation is 1.2m or more in depth

are properly fitted

Use of mechanical excavation to within

1m is subject to said

¾ A worker‟s head is below the level of the excavation when

¾ Ensuring daily equipment checks are completed on

pipelines, cables or services being identified, located and suitably

bending or stooping to perform the work task, as far as is

equipment within their area and that equipment is maintained

protected.

reasonably practicable and/or required by the Risk

in good working order

Assessment

Pipeline Crossing Points

Toolbox Talks

Construction traffic and other plant shall cross the pipeline only by:

Risk Assessment, PTW & Supplementary Certificates

A toolbox talk shall be carried out prior to works commencing with

¾ Public roads

All Excavation Work

all parties involved in the works. Additional talks must be held if

¾ Previously agreed and clearly marked crossing lanes or bridges

All works shall be:

ground conditions change.

¾ Preceded by a Risk Assessment - could be based on

All crossing lanes shall be fenced on both sides over a width to be

generic RA but should be reviewed or updated if conditions

Guards and Barricades

specified and agreed by the Pipeline Patrolman as far as is

changed by responsible persons prior to work commencing.

Open excavations deeper than 1.2m must be attended by a

reasonably practicable as dictated by local conditions and acts of

¾ Carried out under a Permit to Work, supported where

watchman or protected by a rigid barricade and marked with a

vandalism. These fences shall be returned along the edge of the

necessary by:

warning sign.

wayleave strip for a distance of 6 m away from the crossing.

o Isolation Confirmation Certificate, if applicable

o Clearance for Excavation Certificate

NOTE: In areas close to overhead power lines goal post must be

Where it is necessary at crossing points to install a temporary bridge

o An application to perform lifting operations/Clearance to

erected.

to protect the pipeline, the bridge will consist of the laying of steel

Move Heavy Equipment Certificate, if applicable

plates of adequate thickness with hard core laid in, or an approved

o Confined Space Entry Certificate, if excavation defined

Overhead Power Lines

sleeper raft, or a combination of these methods.

as confined space

All personnel working near power lines with a machine or

o Permit to Work Certificate

mechanical equipment shall be made aware of:

Any temporary crossing or bridge must be clearly marked by

¾ Implemented by competent and suitably qualified

¾ The dangers associated with power lines

appropriate notices and flags, and additionally with lights at dusk, at

personnel under control of a Site Supervisor or his

¾ The precautions they should take to deal with those dangers

night or in foggy conditions.

appointed nominee

¾ What to do if they make contact with a power line

Access and Security

Permit Requirements

Machinery & Equipment

Open excavations near public areas must be:

Prior to permit issue, the following must be ascertained:

Adjustments and Repairs:

¾ Attended by a watchman

¾ All Isolation Confirmation Certificates

(ICC's) for the

¾ Do not lubricate or make mechanical adjustments to the unit

¾ Protected by a barricade and marked with a warning sign

pipeline have been checked and validated, if applicable.

while the unit is in motion or the engine is running

¾ The landowner has granted right of access.

¾ Do not repair or tighten hydraulic hoses or fittings when the:

Erection of stock fencing, gates and bunting safety notices, etc.,

¾ The Task Risk Assessment has been carried out

(in

o system is under pressure

shall be undertaken over access ways and worksites.

particular, all power, pilot or tracer cables that are within

o engine is running

the excavation zone, overhead and below ground, must be

o equipment hydraulic cylinders are under a load

When the pipeline is exposed outside normal working hours a

located and identified).

security presence will be required over and above that of the normal

¾ The Task Work-pack, if applicable, are approved and

construction personnel.

onsite

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Procedure for Excavations

Page 29 of 32

EXCAVATIONS (cont)

Machinery Workers could get caught in rotating parts during

Excavation An unprotected excavation possesses a fall hazard

unscheduled maintenance. Machinery must be turned off and

to workers and third parties.

isolated during all maintenance. Movement of machinery during

In addition, the procedures listed in 1.9 SSOW Specific Cross

excavation could result in injury due to being struck by the bucket or

NOTE: Excavations are to be barriered off prior

References should be consulted wherever there is a potential for:

counterweight.

commencement of work and removed upon completion.

¾ Possible energy release

¾ The presence of hydrogen sulphide or hydrocarbon gas

NOTE: Banks men are to direct the operator and keep personnel

¾ An oxygen deficient environment

clear of operating machinery.

¾ The presence of carbon dioxide or other chemical

Excavation Inspection Checklist

substances

Overhead Power Lines Potential for electrocution if excavator or

tipping trailer comes into contact with overhead lines.

Checklist

YES

Environmental Impact Assessment

Supervisor is aware of the Golden Rule for

For new excavations in areas not previously excavated or areas

NOTE: Goalposts must be erected at either side of the power lines

Ground Disturbance and definition of Confined

containing refurbished sections of the old GIOC pipeline, before

that warn operators of height restrictions. No machinery is to operate

Space

any excavation (mechanical or non-mechanical) may begin, an

directly under live power lines.

Risk Assessment conducted

Environmental Impact Assessment must be conducted to

establish whether or not the area of excavation is of ecological or

PTW or Excavation Certificates are in place

NOTE: Goalposts must be erected at either side of the power lines

archaeological importance. An Environmental Impact Assessment

Toolbox meeting has been conducted

that warn operators of height restrictions. No machinery is to operate

Report / Letter (based on the findings of the assessment) shall be

Workgroup is aware of the hazards associated

directly under live power lines.

sent to the State Committee of Ecology (SCE) for approval. Only

with the task

when this report

/ letter has been approved can excavation

Excavation has been shored, sloped or

Underground Services Potential for fire, explosion or

commence, and even then, only in accordance with any

benched

environmental damage if underground pipelines are ruptured.

requirements specified by the SCE.

Machinery has been inspected

Potential electrocution if contact is made with underground cables.

Banks man is on site and easily identifiable

Note: Protection of Historical and Culteral Monuments shall be

Correct PPE is being worn by all workers

NOTE: Underground services plot plan to be referenced prior to

implemented in accordance with the EMS Manual and Procedure

There is no evidence of diesel or oil spills

excavation. Excavation certificate is to be in place prior to

No: EP-03.

Underground services have been identified

commencement of excavation. Hand digging only within 1m of any

underground service unless a banks man is present to guide the

Overhead power lines have been identified

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

operator.

Spoil heaps are kept back from the sides of the

During all activities on site all personnel shall wear minimum PPE

excavation by at least 1m

(helmet, safety boots/shoes, flame retardant coveralls, and eye

Wet Weather Can potentially degrade the integrity of the sides of

Drip trays are in place under stationary

protection).

excavations. Increasing the potential for cave-in‟s or collapse.

machinery

Excavation approved by the SM / SC:

Personnel involved in specific work activities shall wear additional

NOTE: Sides of excavations to be shored, sloped or benched.

PPE to suit the requirements of the work as agreed/detailed at the

Inspections are to be conducted to assure integrity of excavations

Name: …………………...

pre-work toolbox talk.

after periods of rain and prior to each shift.

Sign: ……………………..

Date: ………………….

Hazards Associated with Ground Disturbance

Diesel Has the potential for ignition occurring during refuelling

Vibration from machinery, equipment or vehicles could cause

operations and the potential for environmental damage if diesel is

cave-in or collapse of the excavation. Workers could be engulfed

spilt during refuelling.

in the excavation.

NOTE: Equipment and machinery must be turned off during

NOTE: No plant, vehicles or equipment should be set-up any

refuelling. Refueller must be trained and follow refuelling method

closer than 1m from the edge of an excavation.

statement. Spill

/ drip trays are to be in place under stationary

machinery.

Control Tier:

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Document Number: << AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00050-2>>

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Military reference books and manuals (2009-2023, Volume 5) - page 32