Military reference books and manuals (2009-2023, Volume 5)

NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

AXP-1(D)(NAVY)(AIR)

CASEX A-9

VDS/MTAS TRACKING EXERCISE USING SAFETY ZONE SEPARATION

PURPOSE

1. To exercise ASW ships and helicopters in detecting and counter-attacking an attacking submarine.

2. To exercise VDS/MTAS ships in basic submarine tracking.

FORCE REQUIRED

1. One or more ASW ships and/or helicopters, with at least one VDS/MTAS ship.

2. One submarine.

SITUATION

1. Submarine is on the surface or at PD at Go Time.

2. The OCS is in visual contact and within 5 miles of the submarine. The Relaxation 14*D (Table 3-2)

allows the exercise to start when the participating units are not in visual contact.

PROCEDURE

1. OCS orders all ASW units and submarines to lock plots at Go Time. The Safety Zone (see Special

Provisions) is marked on the plots of submarine and all ships.

2. The submarine, after initial locking of the Safety Zone, dives and manoeuvres so as to remain within

the Submarine Area.

3. Ships open out in the VDS/MTAS area, outside the Safety Zone. VDS/MTAS may be streamed

providing the submarine is on the surface, or streamed in the VDS/MTAS area after the Safety Zone has

been locked and the submarine has dived. VDS/MTAS ships then manoeuvre as required to detect and

track the submarine, remaining outside the Safety Zone. Other units close the position of the submarine

as directed by the OCS.

4. Against non-VDS/MTAS units the submarine complies with Article 2232.

5. COMEX to be initiated in accordance with OCS direction.

6. After COMEX, the submarine is to remain at Safe Depth until FINEX or Stop Time. VDS/MTAS

depth should not be considered when calculating submarine Safe Depth, and if all ships are

VDS/MTAS-fitted the submarine is unrestricted in depth throughout.

7. ASW ships break off attacks 5 minutes before FINEX or Stop Time.

8. The submarine is then to be surfaced in accordance with Article 2273, unless relaxations in force

permit otherwise.

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NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

MXP-1(D (NAVY)(AIR)

SPECIAL PROVISIONS

1. CASEX A-9 (Safety Zone) is designed to allow both VDS/MTAS ships and submarine freedom

from depth restrictions with regard to each other.

2. The danger of submarine/VDS/MTAS collision is minimized by the establishment of a neutral

corridor at the start of the exercise. Unless special relaxations are authorized (14*), their neutral

corridor is 4,000 yards wide and parallel to the safety course. As far as possible the orientation should

not be at right angles to the current. When 14* relaxations are in force, changing the shape or

dimension of the neutral corridor, Figures 2-2 and 2-3 should be referred to.

3. Unless Relaxation 14*D is in force, the lock point of the neutral corridor is the submarine position at

mutual locking time, when the submarine is to be on the surface within 5 miles and in visual contact

with the OCS. The submarine area is to be indicated in paragraph U of the Order Table as follows:

“Submarine area West or North or East or South”. The VDS/MTAS ships have the area on the other

side of the Safety Zone. (See diagram.)

CASEX A-9 DIAGRAM

4. The submarine and all ships plot the Safety Zone on their plotting tables and remain in their

respective areas using best available Navigation. The Safety Zone is never to be locked geographically

and may not be updated except under the stringent conditions used in the initial locking. If Relaxation

14*D is ordered, consult Article 2237.1.b.(4).

5. There are no restricted areas for non-VDS/MTAS ships.

6. The OCS is always to be aboard a VDS/MTAS ship.

7. Unless Relaxations 14*A and 14*B are in force, this CASEX is not to exceed 2 hours. This period

should be reduced in areas of strong currents/tidal streams.

8. The exercise is to be terminated if contact is lost for a period of one hour.

9. Only one run is allowed.

10. Submarine radar must be operating efficiently and radar range checked.

11. The submarine area is to be a minimum of 5 miles wide.

12. This exercise is to be conducted with visibility in accordance with Article 2214.

3-A9-2

CHANGE 4

NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

MXP-1(D)(NAVY)(AIR)

CASEX A-10

VDS/MTAS TRACKING EXERCISE USING A SUBMARINE AREA AND SAFETY ZONE

PURPOSE

1. To exercise VDS/MTAS-fitted ships in detecting and tracking a submarine.

2. To exercise VDS/MTAS ships without VDS/MTAS restrictions.

3. To exercise helos and non-VDS/MTAS ships in detecting and tracking a submarine.

FORCES REQUIRED

1. One or more ASW ships and/or helicopters with at least one VDS/MTAS ship.

2. One submarine.

SITUATION

1. Submarine is on the surface or at PD at Go Time.

2. The OCS is in visual contact and within 5 miles of the submarine. If the visibility is less than 5

miles but greater than 1 mile, a helicopter visual on top is acceptable as visual contact.

3. All other units are at least 8000 yards from the submarine.

PROCEDURE

1. OCS orders all ASW units and submarine to lock plots at Go Time. The Submarine Area and

Safety Zone are marked on the plots of the submarine and all ships.

2. On completion of plot lock, the OCS will order the submarine to dive to PD. All ships remain

outside the Safety Zone and Submarine Area while the submarine is diving.

3. Ships stream VDS/MTAS outside the Safety Zone as ordered by OCS after plots have been

locked. VDS/MTAS ships then manoeuvre as required to detect and track the submarine remaining

outside the submarine area and safety zone. (See Diagram.)

4. When at PD and ready to commence the exercise, the submarine reports to the OCS “READY”.

5. The OCS acknowledges the “READY” and orders “Commence CASEX A-10”.

6. After the exercise commences, the non-VDS/MTAS units, including helicopters, close the position

of the submarine as directed by the OCS.

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MXP-1(D)(NAVY)(AIR)

CASEX A-10 DIAGRAM

7. Against units not streaming VDS/MTAS the submarine complies with Article 2232.

8. ASW units break off the attacks 5 minutes before FINEX or Stop Time.

9. The submarine is to be surfaced in accordance with Articles 2273 and 2274. VDS/MTAS ships

are to remain outside the Submarine Area and Safety Zone.

SPECIAL PROVISIONS

1. This special CASEX A-10 is designed to allow VDS/MTAS ships freedom from depth restrictions,

while carrying out controlled ASW exercises.

2. The Lock Point for the Submarine Area and Safety Zone is the position of the submarine at

locking time. The submarine is to be on the surface within 5 miles and in visual contact with the OCS.

If the visibility is less than 5 miles but greater than 1 mile, a helicopter visual on top is acceptable as

visual contact with the submarine.

3. Submarine radar must be operating efficiently and radar range checked with the OCS.

4. The submarine and all ships mark the submarine area and the safety zone on their plotting tables

and remain in their respective areas using Dead Reckoning navigation. The Submarine Area/Safety

Zone are never to be locked geographically and may not be up-dated except under the stringent

conditions used in the initial locking.

5. During the exercise, there are no restricted areas for ships not streaming VDS/MTAS. Prior to plot

lock the submarine is to be informed of the number and type of non-VDS/MTAS exercise units.

6. This CASEX is not to exceed 2-1/2 hours, and in areas of strong or variable tidal current this

period should be reduced.

7. This CASEX is to be conducted with visibility in accordance with Article 2214.

8. The Submarine Area is to be a circle with a 4000-8000 yard radius, dependent on environmental

conditions. The radius should normally be specified in the CASEX message but may be modified.

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9. The Safety Zone is a 4000 yard extension of the Submarine Area and may be modified by

Relaxation 14*E.

10. The OCS is to be informed by a participating unit:

a. When it is considered that the submarine is proceeding outside the Submarine Area.

b. When the unit is in doubt as to its position relative to the Safety Zone.

c. If the submarine is believed to be leaving the Submarine Area and communications cannot be

established with the submarine on UWT or SST. The OCS will order ships to clear the area and

he will surface the submarine using explosive charge signal A5.

11. Relaxation 7*A or 7*B may never be approved concurrently with 2*J.

12. COMEX will be initiated using explosive charge signal A4 by the first non-VDS/MTAS ship or

helo gaining sonar contact.

13. The OCS is to be in a VDS/MTAS fitted ship for this CASEX.

14. Voice procedure for plot lock is to be conducted as follows:

OCS - “STANDBY TO LOCK PLOTS IN 1 MINUTE”.

OCS - “LOCK PLOTS NOW, NOW, NOW, TIME ________”.

On the third of the three “NOWS” all ships and submarines lock plots.

3-A10-3 (Reverse Blank)

CHANGE 4

NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

MXP-1(D)(NAVY)(AIR)

CASEX A-11

SONAR PASSIVE TRACKING

PURPOSE

1. To exercise an ASW team in procedures for passively tracking a quiet submarine through use of

passive bearings only.

2. To exercise sonar operators in operation of passive sonar equipment and classification of targets.

3. To develop proficiency in internal communications.

FORCES REQUIRED

1. One or more ASW ships with passive sonar capability.

2. One submarine.

SITUATION

1. Submarine is on the surface or at PD not less than 1500 yards from exercise ship(s).

2. When surface units have gained passive contact and are ready, the OCE orders the submarines to

submerge to a Safe Depth.

3. When the submarine reports at Safe Depth and the surface units are ready, the OCE orders

COMEX. The surface units then manoeuvre as necessary to maintain passive contact out to the

maximum possible range.

PROCEDURES

1. The OCE shall:

a. Assign station to ASW ship(s) normally on the quarter of the submarine at a distance that

would ensure good passive contact.

b. Establish initial base course and speed of participating ships.

c. Promulgate course and speed manoeuvres, if any, to the submarine. Manoeuvres should be

kept simple, dependent upon training level of surface ships/operators, and should vary from no

manoeuvres for basic training to three known speed changes per hour for advanced training.

d. Order COMEX when the submarine reports at Safe Depth and all units are ready.

2. ASW ship(s):

a. Take station as directed by OCE.

b. Notify OCE when ready to commence passive tracking.

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NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

MXP-1(D)(NAVY)(AIR)

c. Track submarine as it submerges. When the submarine is at Safe Depth and OCE orders

COMEX, manoeuvre as necessary to track the submarine. Maintain position that presents good

passive contact.

d. Determine submarine course and speed by plotting passive bearings and through use of assist

ship(s) bearings if available. Check accuracy of course and speed plotted when the submarine

transmits courses and speeds.

3. The submarine shall:

a. When ordered by the OCE, take any depth which meets the separation requirements of Table

2-2, remaining above the thermal layer if possible. Report when at Safe Depth.

b. At COMEX, manoeuvre in accordance with exercise instructions.

SPECIAL PROVISIONS

None.

RECORDS

1. Transmit courses and speeds to ASW ship(s) after FINEX.

2. As required by OCE.

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NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

MXP-1(D)(NAVY)(AIR)

CASEX A-12

SONAR PASSIVE TRACKING (MULTI-SHIP)

PURPOSE

1. To exercise ASW teams of two or more surface ships in procedures for passively tracking and

plotting a quiet, manoeuvring submarine through use of passive bearings only with assistance from

another passive surface ship.

2. To exercise sonar operators in operation of passive sonar equipment and classification of targets.

FORCES REQUIRED

1. Two or more ASW ships with passive sonar capability. Ships must have satisfactorily completed

CASEX A-11.

2. One submarine.

SITUATION

1. Submarine is on the surface or at PD not less than 1500 yards from exercise ships.

2. When surface units have gained contact and are ready, the OCE orders the submarine to go to a

Safe Depth.

3. When the submarine reports at Safe Depth and the surface units are ready, the OCE orders

COMEX. Surface units then manoeuvre as necessary to maintain contact out to the maximum range

possible while tracking the submarine.

PROCEDURES

1. The OCE shall:

a. Assign stations to ASW ships, normally on the quarters of the submarine at a distance that

would ensure good passive contact.

b. Establish initial base course and speed of participating ships.

c. Order COMEX when the submarine reports at Safe Depth and all the units are ready.

2. ASW ship(s):

a. Take stations as directed by OCE.

b. Notify OCE when ready to commence passive tracking.

c. Track submarine as it submerges. When the submarine is at Safe Depth, and the OCE orders

COMEX, manoeuvre as necessary to maintain contact and favorable firing position.

d. Determine submarine course and speed by plotting passive bearings and through use of assist

ship(s) bearings. Check accuracy of course and speed plotted when the submarine transmits

3-A12-1

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NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

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courses and speeds.

3. The submarine shall:

a. When ordered by OCE, proceed to any depth which meets minimum separation requirements

of Table 2-2 and report.

b. After COMEX and at intervals of 12 to 15 minutes, change course 30 to 60 degrees, change

speed by at least three knots, and change depth by at least 60 metres (200 feet). Operate on three

different courses, speeds and depths during a 45-minute exercise.

SPECIAL PROVISIONS

None.

RECORDS

1. Transmit course, speed, depth changes and times to ASW ships after FINEX.

2. As required by OCE.

3-A12-2

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NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

MXP-1(D)(NAVY)(AIR)

CASEX A-13

PASSIVE TRACKING EXERCISE

PURPOSE

1. To train the shipboard ASW team to track a target submarine using passive sonar only.

2. To train the shipboard ASW team in determining target range using Target Motion analysis

(TMA) procedures.

FORCES REQUIRED

1. One or more ASW ship(s) with passive sonar capability.

2. One submarine.

SITUATION

1. Ships are positioned outside predicted passive sonar range to submarine.

2. Submarine and ship base courses and speeds are established so that ships should gain contact 20-

30 minutes after COMEX. Submarine must maintain base course and speed during first 30 minutes of

exercise.

3. Three exercise training levels based upon submarine manoeuvring restrictions and exercise

training objectives may be assigned as follows:

4. Basic - Submarine maintains constant course and speed.

5. Intermediate - Submarine makes one course change of less than 30 degrees and one speed change

of 2 knots during each hour of the exercise.

6. Advanced - Submarine makes two 30-60 degree course changes and two speed changes of 3-5

knots during each hour of the exercise.

PROCEDURE

1. Establish communications prior to Go Time.

2. Establish FINEX Time.

3. After all ships and the submarine report “Ready”, the OCE/OCS initiates COMEX.

4. Ships and submarine come to base course and speed.

5. Diesel electric submarines snorkel during first 40 minutes of exercise and during at least 30

minutes of each hour of the exercise. Between snorkel periods diesel-electric submarines may go to

Safe Depth, remaining at best detection depth, if feasible. If predetermined submarine source levels are

not high enough to allow passive tracking, nuclear submarines may be ordered to manoeuvre at high

speeds (or otherwise raise self-noise levels).

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MXP-1(D)(NAVY)(AIR)

6. Ships carry out passive sonar ASW search and tracking. Shipboard ASW teams are to conduct

standard TMA techniques to estimate target range. When more than one participant holds contact,

units should periodically exchange range estimates.

7. Ships break off tracking 5 minutes prior to FINEX.

8. At FINEX submarine is surfaced in accordance with Article 2273 unless relaxations in force

otherwise permit.

SPECIAL PROVISIONS

Ships should maintain radar and visual watches as a safety precaution and contacts should be passed to

the bridge for manoeuvring purposes. Contacts should not, however, be divulged to the ship plotting

team in CIC.

RECORDS

As required.

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CASEX A-21

BASIC PASSIVE TRACKING EXERCISE

PURPOSE

To exercise the TAS Unit command and analysis team in basic classification, tracking, Target Motion

Analysis (TMA) and cross-fixing procedures.

FORCES REQUIRED

1. One or more TAS units.

2. One noise enhanced submarine.

SITUATION

1. Submarine is at start position, at PD at Go Time.

2. TAS Unit with array streamed, is on specified side of safety haven/zone within UHF

communication range of the submarine.

PROCEDURE

1. Establish communications prior to COMEX.

2. TAS Unit and submarine lock plots. Safety haven/zone to be drawn on both TAS Unit and

submarine plots.

3. Establish proper working order of noise augmenter.

4. When ready, TAS Units initiates COMEX and orders the submarine to proceed to best tracking

depth.

5. Submarine proceeds on track ordered in CASEX signal.

6. TAS Unit manoeuvres to maintain contact, opening and closing range as required for TMA.

SPECIAL PROVISIONS

1. The risk of submarine and TAS Unit collision is reduced by the establishment of the safety

haven/zone specified in the CASEX signal (see 14 Series Relaxations).

2. Primary communications are by Secure Voice or UWT.

RECORDS

See Article 6002.

3-A21-1 (Reverse Blank)

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CASEX A-22

LONG-RANGE PASSIVE DETECTION AND LOCALIZATION EXERCISE

PURPOSE

1. To exercise a TAS Unit command team in establishing an effective barrier patrol in a known Area

of Probability (AOP).

2. To exercise command team in classification, Target Motion analysis and localization of a

submarine whose route is predicted.

3. To exercise passive sonar operators in initial detection and classification of a submarine.

FORCES REQUIRED

1. One or more TAS Units.

2. One noise enhanced submarine.

3. ASW helicopters, if available.

SITUATION

1. Submarine is at start position at PD at Go Time.

2. TAS Unit with array streamed, establishes a barrier patrol outside the submarine safety haven

promulgated in the CASEX signal.

PROCEDURE

1. The submarine and TAS Unit should take a satisfactory fix as close as practicable to Go Time, and

thereafter as frequently as possible.

2. COMEX is assumed at Go Time.

3. At COMEX submarine is to proceed to the best depth for tracking (unless otherwise ordered) on

the track ordered in the CASEX signal, minimizing manoeuvres, except as necessary, to clear stern

arcs.

4. TAS Unit attempts to detect, track and localize submarine remaining outside the submarine safety

haven.

5. ASW helicopters may be used to assist tracking and localization operating in or outside the safety

haven.

SPECIAL PROVISIONS

The risk of submarine and TAS Unit (hull or array) collision is minimized by the establishment of a

submarine safety haven of 4000 yards radius based on the submarine track ordered in the CASEX

signal.

3-A22-1

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NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

MXP-1(D)(NAVY)(AIR)

CASEX A-24

INTERMEDIATE ASW AREA SEARCH

PURPOSE

1. To exercise one or more ships and/or helicopters in the conduct of Intermediate ASW Area Search

Operations.

2. To exercise submarines in detection avoidance and subsequent simulated attack on escorts without

being counter detected.

3. To exercise sonar operators in initial detection and contact classification.

FORCES REQUIRED

1. One or more ships assisted by ASW helicopters, if available.

2. One submarine.

SITUATION

Submarine is on patrol in allocated areas and has freedom to manoeuvre limited only by Table 2-2.

PROCEDURE

1. Units conduct ASW Area Search until contact gained.

2. To avoid submarine smokes influencing the classification process, attacks are to be marked with

signal A1 until completion of the first period of ASW action. In any subsequent period of ASW

action, attacks may be marked by any appropriate signal.

3. Duration is to be 30 minutes or until Stop Time.

4. Relaxations 2*J, 3A, 3D, 3*E, 3*H, 3*K are to be considered.

5. If sufficient serial time remains at FINEX, ship(s) may break off and attempt to regain contact re-

establishing COMEX as required.

6. Unit(s) break off attacks 5 minutes before FINEX.

7. Submarine need not return to PD at Stop Time.

SPECIAL PROVISIONS

Although this CASEX is predominantly designed for surface ships, it has been written to allow

submarine training as individual submarine Commanding Officers see fit. Submarine is to provoke

attacks by surface forces in the final hour of the serial if no contact has been gained.

RECORDS

See Article 6002.

3-A24-1 (Reverse Blank)

ORIGINAL

NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

MXP-1(D)(NAVY)(AIR)

CASEX B-1

BASIC SEARCH, HOMING AND ATTACK BY AIRCRAFT

PURPOSE

1. To exercise aircraft in search, detection, classification, homing procedures and attack.

2. To exercise submarines in visual detection of aircraft.

FORCES REQUIRED

1. One or more aircraft.

2. One or more submarines.

SITUATION

1. The submarine will provide the type and degree of detection opportunity desired by conducting

surfaced, periscope, or snorkelling operations as ordered. Submarine course and speed may be

restricted or unrestricted.

2. The initial position of the aircraft will be determined by the type of search to be conducted.

Detection may be followed by homing and illumination and/or attacks.

PROCEDURE

1. Establish communications prior to Go Time.

2. Submarine reports "Ready to commence the exercise".

3. At Go Time submarine proceeds as ordered and aircraft conducts type of search/homing/

illumination and attack runs ordered.

4. Aircraft breaks off attacks five minutes before Stop Time.

5. At Stop Time the submarine establishes communications with the aircraft.

SPECIAL PROVISIONS

When more than one aircraft is operating with the same submarine, the senior aircraft commander

assumes the responsibilities of the Scene of Action Commander (SAC).

RECORDS

As required.

3-B1-1 (Reverse Blank)

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CASEX B-2

BASIC LOCALIZATION AND ATTACK BY AIRCRAFT

PURPOSE

1. To exercise aircraft in localizing, classifying, tracking and attacking a submerged submarine, the

initial position of which is known.

2. To exercise a submarine in evasion.

FORCES REQUIRED

1. One or more aircraft.

2. One submarine.

SITUATION

1. When ordered, the submarine acts as a submerged target and may be restricted or unrestricted.

2. The initial position of the aircraft is determined by the type of localization to be conducted.

PROCEDURE

1. Prior to Go Time, aircraft and submarine must be in visual contact, and establish communications.

2. Submarine reports "Ready to commence the exercise".

3. Aircraft initiates COMEX.

4. At COMEX, submarine dives and manoeuvres as prescribed by exercise instructions.

5. EER charges are not to be employed within five minutes of FINEX or Stop Time, whichever is

earlier.

6. At FINEX or Stop time, the submarine surfaces or returns to PD, at the discretion of the

Commanding Officer, and establishes communications with the aircraft.

SPECIAL PROVISIONS

When more than one aircraft is operating with the same submarine, the senior aircraft commander

assumes the responsibilities of Scene of Action Commander (SAC).

RECORDS

As required.

3-B2-1 (Reverse Blank)

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CASEX B-3

ADVANCED SEARCH, LOCALIZATION AND ATTACK BY AIRCRAFT

PURPOSE

1. To exercise aircraft in search for, localizing, and attacking submarine.

2. To exercise submarines in detecting and evading aircraft.

FORCES REQUIRED

1. One or more aircraft.

2. One or more submarines.

SITUATION

1. At Go Time, the submarine is in a defined area with a specific mission which must be

accomplished within conditions ordered.

2. Aircraft conduct an area search designed to detect the submarines.

PROCEDURE

1. Prior to GO TIME the aircraft and submarine may be ordered to establish communications by an

instruction of the Order Table. Otherwise, they wait until the end of the first ASW action or STOP

TIME to establish communication.

2. After Go Time, the submarine is to take appropriate action when action aircraft are detected.

3. After Go Time, the aircraft is to take appropriate action to detect, localize and attack the

submarine.

4. EER charges are not to be employed within 5 minutes of FINEX or Stop Time, whichever is

earlier.

5. At FINEX or Stop Time the submarine either surfaces or returns to PD, at the discretion of the

submarine commanding officer, and establishes communications with the aircraft. If time remains, the

exercise can be initiated again or another CASEX ordered.

SPECIAL PROVISIONS

1. When more than one aircraft is operating with the same submarine, the senior aircraft commander

assumes the responsibilities of the Scene of Action Commander (SAC).

2. Go Time/COMEX may be ordered to be coincident for this exercise. COMEX is initiated by the

first aircraft attack using signal A4 or MK 84 Code 1.

RECORDS

See Article 6002.

3-B3-1 (Reverse Blank)

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CASEX B-4

BASIC AIR/SUB OPERATION EXERCISE

PURPOSE

To train submarines and aircraft in air/sub operations against a snorkeling submarine target or surface

contacts of opportunity.

FORCES REQUIRED

1. One or more, nuclear powered or snorkel-equipped, submarines equipped with medium or long-

range passive sonar.

2. One or more ASW aircraft.

3. One snorkel-equipped transiting submarine.

SITUATION

1. Patrolling friendly submarines are in assigned JTAAs within the exercise area and transiting

submarine is in assigned start position at communication depth prior to Go Time.

2. Cooperating aircraft are in assigned Aircraft Patrol Areas (APA) prior to Go Time.

3. The transiting submarine will operate to provide a maximum number of incidents between Go

Time and Stop Time.

PROCEDURE

1. Submarines and assigned cooperating aircraft start establishing communication 45 minutes prior to

Go Time. Aircraft will designate type of rendezvous desired

(e.g., Net Ball, Sunlamp, etc.).

2. All participants report "Ready to Go" to the OTC/OCS at Go Time.

3. At Go Time:

a. Aircraft report "Ready" to cooperating submarines and commence operations in assigned

APAs.

b. Friendly submarines in JTAAs dive and commence patrols.

c. Transiting submarine dives and commences transit as directed.

4. On gaining contact, submarines cooperate with assigned aircraft, employing the procedures

promulgated in the current air/sub operation doctrine.

5. On being attacked, by any means, the transiting submarine is to secure snorkeling and evade for

the duration of the specified ASW action period, giving due regard to the Safety Instructions.

6. On completion of the cooperating phase:

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a. The OTC/OCS orders cooperating units to return to their assigned patrol areas in preparation

for the next phase, and target data is exchanged.

b. On completion of the exchange of information, the patrolling sub-marine goes to best depth.

c. The transiting submarine resumes snorkel transit.

7. At Stop Time:

a. The patrolling submarine surfaces and report results to OTC/OCS.

b. The cooperating aircraft proceed as previously directed (when released).

c. The transiting submarine surfaces and reports to the OTC/OCS giving an evaluation of attacks

received.

SPECIAL PROVISIONS

1. By the OSE, designate:

a. Transiting submarine's SOA.

b. Operating instructions for transiting submarines, designed to generate a maximum number of

incidents.

c. Simulated weapon assignments and loadings.

d. The OCE.

2. By the OTC/OCS:

a. Prepare and send the CASEX message using the Order Table

(Table

3-1), and obtain

acknowledgement from all participants.

b. Coordinate with the appropriate SUBOPAUTH and AIROPAUTH to:

c. Establish JTAAs and APAs for friendly forces and a submarine exercise operating area(s) for

the transiting submarine(s).

d. Order the appropriate level of cooperation in accordance with current Air/Sub operations

doctrine.

e. Specify required measures to prevent mutual interference including depth strata assignments,

stovepipe plan, and safety orders for patrolling and transiting submarines. Provisions of Article

2213 of this publication apply.

f. Designate the duration of each cooperative phase of ASW action.

3. Simulated attacks may be made using appropriate attack signals and safety precautions contained

in Articles 2240, 2252. 1.b. and 1.c., and 2254.

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MXP-1(D)(NAVY)(AIR)

CASEX B-5

ADVANCED AIR/SUB OPERATION EXERCISE

PURPOSE

To train submarines and aircraft in advanced air/sub operations. Such training includes detection,

classification, localization and attack, with evasion and attack by transiting submarines allowed.

FORCES REQUIRED

1. Two or more, nuclear-powered or snorkel-equipped, submarines equipped with medium or long

range passive sonar. Active sonar may also be employed.

2. One or more ASW aircraft.

3. One or more nuclear-powered or snorkel-equipped transiting submarines.

SITUATION

1. Patrolling friendly submarines are in assigned JTAAs within the exercise area and transiting

submarines are in assigned start positions at communication depth prior to Go Time.

2. Co-operating aircraft are in assigned APAs prior to Go Time.

3. Transiting submarines conduct their transit to avoid detection and are to attack patrolling

submarines as opportunity occurs.

PROCEDURE

1. All participants establish communications with the OTC

45 minutes prior to Go Time in

accordance with the COMPLAN.

2. All participants report "Ready to Go" to the OTC/OCS at Go Time.

3. At Go Time:

a. Aircraft report "Ready" to cooperating submarines and commence operations in assigned APAs.

b. Friendly submarines in JTAAs dive and commence patrols.

c. Transiting submarines dive and commence transits as directed.

4. On gaining contact, submarines and assigned aircraft conduct operations prescribed in current

air/sub operations doctrine.

5. Patrolling submarines are to conduct attacks on transitors as opportunity occurs.

6. On completion of each incident, cooperating units exchange target information.

7. At Stop Time:

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ORIGINAL

NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

MXP-1(D)(NAVY)(AIR)

a. Patrolling submarines surface and report results to the OTC/OCS.

b. Aircraft proceed as directed by the OTC/OCS.

c. Transiting submarines surface and report to the OTC/OCS, giving an evaluation of attacks

received.

SPECIAL PROVISIONS

1. The OSE designates:

a. Transiting submarine's SOA.

b. Points through which transiting submarines are to pass.

c. Evasion and attack restrictions for transiting submarine.

d. Simulated weapon assignments and loadings for all participants.

e. The OCS (preferably HQ ashore).

2. By the OTC/OCS:

a. Prepare and send the CASEX message using the Order Table

(Table

3-1), and obtain

acknowledgement from all participants.

b. Coordinate with the appropriate SUBOPAUTH and AIROPAUTH to:

c. Establish JTAAs and APAs for friendly forces and a submarine exercise operating area(s) for the

transiting submarine(s).

d. Order the appropriate level of cooperation in accordance with current Air/Sub operations

doctrine.

e. Specify required measures to prevent mutual interference including depth strata assignments,

stovepipe plan, and safety orders for patrolling and transiting submarines. Provisions of Article

2213 of this publication apply.

f. Designate the duration of each ASW action.

3. Simulated attacks by all participants may be made using the appropriate attack signals and the

safety precautions contained in Articles 2240, 2252.1.b. and 1.c., and 2254.

RECORDS

Full records as required.

3-B5-2

ORIGINAL

NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

MXP-1(D)(NAVY)(AIR)

CASEX B-6

BASIC PASSIVE TRACKING AND ATTACK BY AIRCRAFT

PURPOSE

To exercise aircraft in the passive tracking and attacking of submarines.

FORCES REQUIRED

1. One aircraft (OCS).

2. One nuclear submarine or noise enhanced diesel electric submarine.

SITUATION

1. At Go Time the submarine is in a defined area with the specific mission of proceeding to a given

position by Stop time.

2. The aircraft conducts passive tracking and attacks on passive information.

PROCEDURE

1. Prior to go Time the aircraft and submarine rendezvous to establish communications and to lock

plots.

2. After Go Time the submarine is to proceed to an ordered position making major course alterations

at a frequency not exceeding 2 per hour and as directed by the OCS.

3. After Go Time the aircraft is to take appropriate action to passively track and attack the submarine

in passive information.

4. The submarine is to acknowledge all aircraft attacks with a smoke candle, and record the time

interval between hearing the attack and firing the candle.

5. Aircraft crews are to measure the accuracy of all attacks by timing from on top the attack marker

to on top the submarine candle.

6. SUS are not to be employed within 5 minutes of FINEX or Stop Time, whichever is earlier.

7. At FINEX or Stop Time the submarine either surfaces or returns to PD, at the discretion of the

submarine commander. After establishing communications, the submarine is to pass the submarine

track plot and the time intervals between hearing aircraft attack and firing candles. The aircraft is to

mark on top the submarine's position to lock plots.

SPECIAL PROVISIONS

Go Time-COMEX are coincident for this exercise.

RECORDS

As required.

3-B6-1 (Reverse Blank)

ORIGINAL

NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

MXP-1(D)(NAVY)(AIR)

CASEX B-7

DEFENCE OF A COASTAL AREA BY MPA AGAINST SUBMARINE IN MIO

PURPOSE

1. To exercise aircraft in localizing, classifying and attacking a submarine in MIO patrolling along a

coastline.

2. To exercise submarines in patrolling littoral waters collecting information (IMINT, COMINT,

ELINT) and avoiding MPA detection.

3. To exercise participants in conducting inshore operations.

FORCES REQUIRED

1. One ASW aircraft or more.

2. One submarine.

DURATION

3 to 5 hours - Day or Night.

LIMITATION

Environmental conditions: sea state and area size in accordance with MPA radar limitations.

SITUATION

1. At GO TIME, the submarine is in a defined area in littoral waters with a specific intelligence

mission.

2. ASW aircraft conduct an area search to detect, classify and attack the submarine.

PROCEDURE

1. No communication established between participants prior to GO TIME in order to increase exercise

realism.

2. After GO TIME, the submarine executes her mission at CO discretion, raising masts in accordance

with primary mission (IMINT, COMINT, ELINT).

3. The submarine returns at PD to transmit result of investigations to her OPCON.

4. The ASW aircraft is to take appropriate behaviour to detect, classify and attack submarine. MPA

initiate COMEX when gaining contact. Attacks are not allowed within 5 minutes of FINEX or STOP

TIME.

5. After GO TIME, the submarine is to take appropriate action to evade when detected.

6. After ASW action, a 45 minutes out of period is initiated.

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NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

MXP-1(D)(NAVY)(AIR)

7. At FINEX or STOP TIME, the submarine establish communication for hot wash up at CO

discretion, only if no other B-7 CASEX scheduled.

SPECIAL PROVISIONS

1. OSE will inform ASW aircraft on Risk Level and on MANPAD threat.

2. ASW aircraft will not radar shine on search area before GO TIME.

3. The submarine transmits environmental conditions to MPA home base at GO TIME minus 3 hours.

RECORDS

See Article 6004 (give details on number of masts raised when at PD).

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CHANGE 4

NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

MXP-1(D)(NAVY)(AIR)

CASEX C-2

BASIC COORDINATED ASW EXERCISE

PURPOSE

1. To exercise ASW units in localizing, attacking, and reporting a submarine whose initial position is

known.

2. To exercise ASW units in Scene of Action Commander (SAC) duties.

FORCES REQUIRED

1. One or more ships and helicopters.

2. One or more fixed wing aircraft.

3. One submarine.

SITUATION

1. Submarine is on the surface or snorkelling, at 10-20 miles from the ships and helicopters, and

remains in the vicinity of its initial position until attacked by fixed wing aircraft. If aircraft fail to

locate the submarine, the latter should assist the aircraft by any means available.

2. Initial contact is made by fixed wing aircraft. After first attack, submarine goes to most favourable

depth to facilitate tracking.

3. SAU is formed.

PROCEDURE

1. Units establish communications prior to Go Time.

2. Prior to Go Time, aircraft completes Joining Procedure.

3. Aircraft locates, attacks and tracks submarine, making contact reports to OTC/ OCS.

4. Helicopters and ships close scene of action as ordered by OTC/OCS.

5. Submarine goes to Safe Depth in accordance with the Safety Precautions and the relaxations in

force.

6. If the submarine is prematurely forced deep, it may return to PD, when safe to do so, provided

COMEX has not been initiated.

7. SAC tracks, attacks and reports the submarine.

8. SAU Commander initiates SWAP.

9. First ship or helicopter in the SAU gaining contact initiates COMEX.

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MXP-1(D)(NAVY)(AIR)

10. Carry out ASW action.

11. Submarine acts in accordance with Exercise Instructions.

12. Submarine remains at Safe Depth until FINEX or Stop Time depending on relaxations in force.

13. ASW units break off attack five minutes before FINEX.

14. At FINEX or Stop Time, submarine is to be surfaced in accordance with Article 2273 unless

relaxations in force otherwise permit.

SPECIAL PROVISIONS

1. To provide balanced training, the exercise should progress through the following three phases:

a. Phase One. Search by aircraft, resulting in a contact and attack, with subsequent tracking and

reporting.

(Recommended duration 30 minutes.)

b. Phase Two. SAU approaches Datum; helicopters are homed by aircraft to contact (or Datum) to

assist prosecution of the contact.

(Recommended duration 30 minutes.)

c. Phase Three. SAU arrives at Scene of Action, executes SWAP and prosecutes contact in a

coordinated ASW action until FINEX or Stop Time. (Recommended duration 30 minutes.)

NOTE:

The duration of phases may be varied by the OTC/OCS to accomplish specific objectives.

2. Aircraft tracking methods, with times, should be specified.

RECORDS

As required.

3-C2-2

ORIGINAL

NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

MXP-1(D)(NAVY)(AIR)

CASEX C-3

ADVANCED COORDINATED ASW EXERCISE

PURPOSE

To exercise ASW ships, helicopters and fixed wing aircraft in coordinated ASW search and attack

tactics including advanced SAU procedures.

FORCES REQUIRED

1. Two or more ASW ships and helicopters.

2. One or more fixed wing aircraft.

3. One submarine.

SITUATION

1. Submarine is on surface or snorkelling in a delineated area, its position unknown to participating

units. Aircraft should be outside the area at least 30 miles from the submarine, ships should be at least

10 miles from the submarine, or at least five miles further than the longest Convergence Zone

(CZ)/Bottom Bounce (BB) range if ship sonars are CZ/BB mode capable, depending on training

objectives. The submarine is to remain the surface or continue snorkelling until attacked by ASW

aircraft.

2. Initial contact is made by aircraft. After first attack, submarine dives to most favorable depth to

facilitate tracking.

3. SAU is formed.

PROCEDURES

1. Units establish communications prior to exercise commencement (Go Time).

2. Aircraft complete joining procedures (if applicable) prior to Go Time.

3. At Go Time, aircraft commence ASW search as directed by SAU commander, locates, attacks and

tracks submarine, making contact reports to the OTC/OCS.

4. Submarine goes to Safe Depth in accordance with the Safety Precautions and the relaxations in

force.

5. SAU closes scene of action, conducting Direct Path (DP), CZ or BB, active or passive sonar

operations as dictated by exercise training objectives. If aircraft weapons are available, CZ/BB

environmental conditions exist, and ships are CZ/BB sonar mode capable, the SAU need not enter the

Torpedo Danger Area (TDA).

6. First unit gathering contact initiates COMEX.

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7. SAU conducts ASW prosecution; including directing aircraft ASW operations, swap with aircraft

and simulated attacks (if tactically advisable, or if ships cannot conduct CZ/BB sonar operations).

8. Submarine acts in accordance with exercise instruction.

9. Submarine remains at Safe Depth until FINEX or Stop Time, depending upon relaxations in force.

10. ASW units continue prosecution and attacks, breaking off action five minutes prior to FINEX.

11. At FINEX or Stop Time, submarine is to be surfaced in accordance with Article 2273 unless

relaxations in force permit otherwise.

RECORDS

As required.

3-C3-2

ORIGINAL

NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

MXP-1(D)(NAVY)(AIR)

CASEX C-4

ADVANCED COORDINATED ASW EXERCISE - PROTECTION OF A FORCE

PURPOSE

1. To exercise ASW units in protecting a force in a submarine probability area.

2. To exercise submarines in tracking, reporting, attacking and avoiding detection.

FORCES REQUIRED

1. One or more ships representing the main body.

2. Assigned ASW units.

3. An aircraft carrier if available, or aircraft control unit.

4. Carrier borne and/or land based aircraft.

5. One or more submarines.

SITUATION

1. Submarines are positioned to detect and track the main body transiting a prescribed exercise area.

2. When detecting the main body, submarines may be required to report to authority designated by

OSE; carry out attacks, avoiding detection.

3. ASW forces will oppose submarines to prevent attacks on the main body.

4. The track of the main body is planned to meet the training objectives of the participating forces.

PROCEDURE

1. When detecting ASW units, submarines take appropriate action.

2. Submarines go to Safe Depth in accordance with the Safety Precautions and the relaxations in

force.

3. If submarines are prematurely forced deep, they may return to PD, when safe to do so, provided

COMEX has not been initiated.

4. Fixed wing aircraft carry out attacks at every opportunity, marking the attacks by Signal A2 or Mk

84 Code and subsequent attacks by Signal A1, A2 or Mk 84 Code 1. Prosecution of contact continues

until relieved or as ordered by the authority controlling the aircraft.

5. The first ASW unit gaining contact may initiate COMEX in accordance with OCE/OCS

instructions and prosecute the contact.

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NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

MXP-1(D)(NAVY)(AIR)

6. Submarine remains at Safe Depth until FINEX or Stop time unless relaxations in force otherwise

permit.

7. Units break off attack 5 minutes before FINEX, and depart the Scene of Action to facilitate

continuation of the exercise (see Relaxations 3D and 3*H).

8. At FINEX, a submarine which has been engaged is to act in accordance with relaxations and

Exercise Instructions in force.

SPECIAL PROVISIONS

1. Participating submarines must be positioned to avoid mutual interference.

2. Submarines may be aided by cooperating aircraft or ships.

3. Out of action periods may be declared to reposition participants.

RECORDS

As required.

3-C4-2

CHANGE 4

NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

MXP-1(D)(NAVY)(AIR)

CASEX C-5

ADVANCED COORDINATED ASW EXERCISE AGAINST TRANSITING/PATROLLING

SUBMARINES

PURPOSE

1. To exercise ASW forces in carrying out coordinated operation against transiting or patrolling

submarines.

2. To exercise transiting or patrolling submarines in evading ASW forces.

FORCES REQUIRED

1. Ships, helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft are assigned.

2. One or more submarines.

SITUATION

1. At Go Time, submarines are positioned within a defined area, and given a transit or patrol mission,

acting to avoid detection by ASW forces.

2. ASW forces commence search at Go Time, in positions which provide exercise realism.

PROCEDURE

1. On detecting ASW units, the submarine is to take appropriate action.

2. Submarines go to Safe Depth in accordance with the Safety Precautions and the relaxations in

force.

3. If submarines are prematurely forced deep, they may return to PD, when safe to do so, provided

COMEX has not been initiated.

4. Fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters carry out attacks at every opportunity, marking the attacks by

signal A1 or MK84 Code 1. Prosecution of the contact continues until relieved or as ordered by the

authority controlling the aircraft.

5. The first ASW unit gaining contact may initiate COMEX in accordance with OCE/OCS

instructions and prosecute the contact.

6. Submarines remain at Safe Depth until FINEX or Stop Time unless relaxations in force otherwise

permit.

7. Units break off attacks 5 minutes before FINEX, and depart the scene of action to facilitate

continuation of the exercise. (See Relaxations 3D and 3*H.)

8. At FINEX, the submarine which has been engaged is to act in accordance with Relaxation and

Exercise Instructions in force.

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ORIGINAL

NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

MXP-1(D)(NAVY)(AIR)

CASEX C-6

VDS/MTAS EXERCISE USING SAFETY ZONE SEPARATION

PURPOSE

1. To exercise ASW units, including VDS/MTAS fitted ships, in detecting and attacking a

submarine.

2. To exercise ASW units in Scene of Action Commander (SAC) duties.

FORCES REQUIRED

1. One or more ASW ships/helicopters with at least one VDS/MTAS ship.

2. One or more fixed-wing aircraft.

3. One submarine.

SITUATION

1. Submarine is on the surface or at PD at Go Time.

2. The OCS is in visual contact and within 5 miles of the submarine. Under Relaxation 14*D, the

exercise may be started when the participants are not in visual contact.

(See Article 2237.1.b.(4).)

3. The aircraft starts joining the ships at Go Time.

PROCEDURE

1. OCS orders all ASW units and submarine to lock plots at Go Time. The Safety Zone (see Special

Provisions) is marked on the plots of submarine and all ships.

2. The ships do not come within 10 nautical miles of the submarine while the aircraft joins, or they

open out if they have been directed to close at Go Time for a visual fix.

3. The aircraft, on completion of joining the ships; locates, attacks and tracks the submarine, making

contact reports to the OCS.

4. The submarine dives when attacked by the aircraft and manoeuvres to facilitate tracking without

going into the Safety Zone.

5. SAU closes the scene of action as ordered by the OCS. VDS/MTAS ships must not enter the

Safety Zone.

6. Against non-VDS/MTAS ships, the submarine complies with Article 2232.

7. SAU Commander initiates SWAP.

8. First unit gaining contact initiates COMEX.

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NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

MXP-1(D)(NAVY)(AIR)

9. Submarine acts in accordance with the exercise instructions, remaining on her own side of the

Safety Zone. The submarine is to remain at Safe Depth until FINEX or Stop Time, VDS/MTAS depth

should not be considered when calculating submarine Safe Depth, and if all ships are VDS/MTAS-

fitted the S/M is unrestricted in depth throughout.

10. ASW ships break off attacks 5 minutes before FINEX or Stop Time.

11. The submarine is to be surfaced in accordance with Article 2273, unless relaxation in force

permits otherwise.

SPECIAL PROVISIONS

1. This special CASEX C-6

(Safety Zone) is designed to allow both VDS/MTAS ships and

submarine freedom from depth restrictions with regard to each other.

2. The danger of submarine/VDS/MTAS collision is minimized by the establishment of a central

corridor at the start of the exercise. Unless special Relaxation (14*) is granted, the central corridor

shall be 4,000 yds wide and parallel to the safety course. Insofar as possible, it shall not be at right

angles to the current. When Relaxations 14* is in effect, any change in the profile or dimensions of

the central corridor shall conform to Figures 2-2 and 2-3.

3. Unless Relaxation 14*D is in effect, the lock point for the central corridor is the position of the

submarine at mutual locking time, when the submarine is on the surface within 5 nautical miles and in

visual contact with the OCS. The submarine area is to be indicated in paragraph U of the Order Table

as follows: "Submarine area West (or North or East or South)". The area reserved for VDS/MTAS

ships is located on the other side of the central corridor. (See diagram.)

CASEX C-6 DIAGRAM

4. The procedures outlined in 2 and 3 above may be altered by the use of a starred relaxation in the

14 series (see Article 2237.1.b).

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MXP-1(D)(NAVY)(AIR)

5. The submarine and VDS/MTAS ships mark the central corridor on their plotting tables and remain

in their respective areas using best available navigation. The central corridor is never to be locked

geographically and may not be updated except under the stringent conditions used in the initial

locking. If Relaxation 14*D is to be ordered, see Article 2237.1.b.(4).

6. There are no restricted areas for non-VDS/MTAS ships.

7. The OCS is always to be aboard a VDS/MTAS ship.

8. Unless Relaxations 14*A and 14*D are in effect, this CASEX must not exceed 2 hours, and in

areas of strong or variable tidal stream this period should be reduced.

9. Only one run is allowed.

10. Submarine radar must be operating efficiently and radar range checked.

11. The submarine area is to be a minimum of 5 miles wide.

12. The exercise is not to be conducted in visibility of less than 2000 yards. Relaxation 13*B is not

to be authorized.

3-C6-3 (Reverse Blank)

CHANGE 4

NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

MXP-1(D)(NAVY)(AIR)

CASEX C-7

DEFENCE OF MAIN BODY DURING OPPOSED SORTIE/ENTRY

PURPOSE

1. To exercise ASW forces in protecting a main body while entering or leaving port.

2. To exercise ASW ships, fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters in detecting and attacking submarines.

3. To exercise submarines in penetrating a screen and attacking a main body.

FORCES REQUIRED

1. One or more target ships, or a reference ship.

2. Two or more ASW ships, fixed-wing aircraft and/or helicopters.

3. One or more submarines.

SITUATION

1. ASW forces defend the designated sortie/entry area while submarines endeavour to penetrate the

ASW screen and attack the main body.

2. All friendly forces are transiting from port to sea or vice versa.

PROCEDURE

1. The OSE/OCE designates the area and establishes mine fields or other constructive barriers.

2. At Go Time, or as ordered, the submarine is to dive, remaining in assigned sortie/ entry area and is

to try to penetrate the ASW screen formed by the ASW ships exiting/ entering the harbour.

3. ASW units defend the main body by designated search pattern or formation.

4. Submarines penetrate the screen and attack the main body.

5. First unit gaining contact initiates COMEX.

6. Submarine goes to Safe Depth in accordance with the Safety Precautions and the relaxations in

force.

7. ASW ships break off attacks 5 minutes before FINEX or Stop Time.

8. At FINEX or Stop Time, submarine is to be surfaced in accordance with Article 2273, unless

relaxations in force otherwise permit.

3-C7-1

ORIGINAL

NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

MXP-1(D)(NAVY)(AIR)

CASEX C-9

ASW FORCES AREA SEARCH FOLLOWED BY SUBMARINE ATTACK ON UNDERWAY

REPLENISHMENT GROUP

PURPOSE

1. To exercise two or more ships, helicopters and aircraft in the conduct of ASW area search

operations and detecting, attacking and counter-attacking a submarine or submarines.

2. To exercise submarines in detection, avoidance and subsequent simulated attacks on escorts and

screened targets without being counter detected.

3. To exercise sonar operators in initial detection, contact classification and weapon attack

procedures.

4. To heighten command and control procedures in a complex serial.

FORCES REQUIRED

1. Two or more ships.

2. Organic/non-organic helicopters.

3. One or more submarines.

4. A high value unit.

5. One Maritime Patrol Aircraft (MPA) (Optional).

SITUATION

1. For the first phase of the exercise, the submarine is to be on patrol in the allocated areas and has

freedom to manoeuvre in accordance with the relevant relaxations and instructions.

2. ASW units will form up at a rendezvous position and commence the area search.

3. After the first period of ASW action is complete, units will break off attacks, go to an R/V and

reform as an Underway Replenishment Group (URG).

4. Helicopters and aircraft may be left at the scene of action to maintain pressure on the submarine.

5. The URG will then steer a course along a NAV PIM, passing through the centre of the allocated

area. The group must reach a specified point by a certain time.

6. Countermeasures are to be employed as authorized in the CASEX signal.

7. The submarine is to reposition itself in order to avoid detection and achieve a fire control solution.

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ORIGINAL

NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

MXP-1(D)(NAVY)(AIR)

PROCEDURES

Phase 1 (two hours)

1. Units conduct area search until contact is gained

2. In order to avoid submarine smoke candles from influencing the classification process, attacks

may only be marked by using signal A1 during the first period of ASW action. In subsequent periods

of ASW action, attacks may be marked by the appropriate signals in accordance with instructions in

force.

3. COMEX is at the discretion of the OCE/OCS (normally after the final attack).

4. Duration is to be 30 minutes.

5. Relaxation’s 2*J, 3A, 3D, 3*F and 3*K are to be considered.

6. The submarine may carry out attacks and counter-attacks as opportunities occur.

7. Units are to break off attacks five minutes before FINEX.

Phase 2 (one hour)

1. On completion of the appropriate period of ASW action, ships are to break off attacks and

rendezvous with the high value unit.

2. The rendezvous position should be at least ten miles away from the last known position of the

submarine.

3. During this time, the submarine is to reposition itself.

Phase 3 (two hours)

1. Units form up as an URG around the HVU and the OCE/OCS orders one ship to replenish.

2. The HVU is to be screened appropriately and escorted through the submarine probability area.

3. The submarine will make its approach and carry out attacks.

4. COMEX is at the discretion of the OCE/OCS (normally after the first attack).

5. Duration of ASW action is until stop time.

6. The submarine may carry out attacks and counter-attacks as opportunities occur.

7. Units are to break off attacks five minutes before FINEX.

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SPECIAL PROVISIONS

1. If more than one submarine is involved, the OSE is to ensure that they are positioned at least ten

miles apart with the appropriate safety separation between their areas.

2. When more than one submarine is in the serial, any relaxations relating specifically to that

submarine must refer to it by name (i.e. 12A(16)(WALRUS), 12A(18)(TALENT)).

3. A setting signal is required.

RECORDS

1. SUBVEC’s and ME/YOU messages are required from the submarine(s) to the OCE/OCS of the

serial.

2. ME/YOU messages are to be signalled to the submarine(s) by surface on completion of the serial.

3. All units in the serial are to signal their initial detection ranges and amount of time in contact to

the OCE/OCS.

4. The OCE/OCS is to signal to all participating units a summary of the overall conduct of the serial.

This should include:

a. Time, range and method of initial detection.

b. Approximate percentage time in contact.

c. Effectiveness of submarine evasion.

d. Comments.

3-C9-3(Reverse Blank)

ORIGINAL

NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

MXP-1(D)(NAVY)(AIR)

CASEX C-10

COORDINATED PASSIVE TRACKING EXERCISE BY TAS UNITS AND AIRCRAFT

PURPOSE

1. To exercise command and ASW teams of TAS unit and aircraft in localizing a submarine.

2. To exercise sonar operators in classifying and tracking a submarine.

3. To exercise a submarine in evasion tactics.

FORCES REQUIRED

1. One or more TAS units.

2. One nuclear submarine which may be noise enhanced, or a noise enhanced conventional

submarine.

3. One or more ASW air units.

SITUATION

1. The submarine is in the defined area at Go Time with orders to follow a specific run plan or with

the specific mission of proceeding to a given position by Stop time.

2. TAS unit start position is to be at a range from the submarines defined area at Go Time greater

than the predicted initial detection range.

3. At Go Time helicopters may be airborne in the vicinity of the TAS unit or at deck alert.

4. MPA should be within radio communication range of TAS unit one hour after Go Time.

PROCEDURE

1. The submarine and TAS unit are to take a satisfactory fix as close as practicable to Go Time,

ideally within 60 minutes beforehand.

2. The submarine proceeds at the specified depth (if ordered) on the ordered track, or to the given

Stop Time position.

3. The TAS unit manoeuvres to gain detection and remain outside the submarine safety lane/haven if

ordered.

RECORDS

See Article 6002.

3-C10-1 (Reverse Blank)

ORIGINAL

NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

MXP-1(D)(NAVY)(AIR)

CASEX C-11

INTERMEDIATE COORDINATED ASW AREA SEARCH

PURPOSE

1. To exercise one or more ships assisted by ASW helicopters/MPA in the conduct of intermediate

ASW Area Search Operations.

2. To exercise submarines in detection avoidance and subsequent simulated attack on escorts without

being counter-detected.

3. To exercise sonar operators in initial detection and contact classification.

FORCES REQUIRED

1. One or more ships assisted by ASW helicopters/MPA.

2. One submarine.

SITUATION

Submarine is on patrol in allocated areas and has freedom to manoeuvre limited only by Table 2-2.

PROCEDURE

1. Units conduct ASW Area Search until contact gained.

2. To avoid submarine smokes influencing the classification process, attacks are to be marked with

signal A1 until completion of the first period of ASW action. In any subsequent period of ASW

action, attacks may be marked by any appropriate signal.

3. Duration is to be 30 minutes or until Stop Time.

4. Relaxations 2*J, 3A, 3D, 3*E, 3*H, 3*K are to be considered.

5. If sufficient serial time remains at FINEX, ship(s) may break off and attempt to regain contact re-

establishing COMEX as required.

6. Unit(s) break off attacks 5 minutes before FINEX.

7. Submarine need not return to PD at Stop Time.

SPECIAL PROVISIONS

Although this CASEX is predominantly designed for surface ships, it has been written to allow

submarine training as individual submarine Commanding Officers see fit. Submarine is to provoke

attacks by surface forces in the final hour of the serial if no contact has been gained.

RECORDS

See paragraph 6002.

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ORIGINAL

NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

MXP-1(D)(NAVY)(AIR)

CASEX C-12

ADVANCED COORDINATED ASW EXERCISE (PROWLEX)

PURPOSE

1. PROWLEX is an advanced ASW exercise designed to provide additional training to submarines,

surface ships and/or aircraft outside CASEX periods.

2. This CASEX is designed to:

a. provide submarine attack training; and

b. exercise ASW units in detecting, attacking and counter-attacking dived submarines.

FORCES REQUIRED

1. One or more ASW ship and helicopters.

2. One submarine.

SITUATION

1. There are many occasions when submarines, which are operating in exercise areas and are not

carrying out specific exercises, can both provide and receive valuable training by carrying out

unscheduled attacks on ASW capable ships and be attacked/counter-attacked by ASW forces.

2. PROWLEX will either be scheduled in a Schedule of Events (SOE) or in a message to the

participating units from the OSE. If a message is used, it must contain the outline schedule of

participating units to include serial number, time, exercise description, units involved, OCS and

exercise area. The OSE will also send the standard PROWLEX CASEX message.

PROCEDURE

1. During PROWLEX periods, the submarine is free to practice attacks on ships indicating that she

has done so in the normal way. Similarly, ships and/or aircraft may attack and counter-attack the

participating submarine.

2. The OSE is to ensure that no evolutions hazardous to submarine operations are conducted during

PROWLEX periods in areas allocated to PROWLEX.

3. To avoid the possibility of carrying out PROWLEX against a non-exercise submarine, the

following rules are to be observed:

a. The contact must be at least one mile inside the exercise area.

b. The sighting of a green grenade/ smoke can be taken as a positive identification of a PROWLEX

submarine and COMEX can be initiated by any participating PROWLEX unit. ASW action may

then be started in accordance with the Standard PROWLEX CASEX Order below.

c. If initial contact is obtained by sonar, radar, EW or visually, the detecting ship is not to approach

within 1200 yards (or 4000 yards if VDS is streamed) until the contact has been positively identified

3-C12-1

CHANGE 4

NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

MXP-1(D)(NAVY)(AIR)

as the nominated PROWLEX submarine. This identification is not to be attempted until the contact

has been classified "POSSUB High 3" or higher and is to follow the “ Uncle Joe “ procedures

specified at Article 5021. Once the contact has been established as the nominated PROWLEX

submarine ASW action may be commenced in accordance with the Standard PROWLEX CASEX

Order below.

4. Ships and/or aircraft may break off their scheduled SOE serial at the OTC's discretion to attack or

counter-attack submarine contacts.

5. Submarines may, on occasions, use radar before attacking. EW operators should, therefore, be

alert during PROWLEX periods.

SPECIAL PROVISIONS

1. It is emphasized that Exercise PROWLEX can only be ordered with the prior approval of the

relevant national SUBOPAUTH and OPCON authority.

2. Once approved by SUBOPAUTH and OPCON authority, unless otherwise directed, the following

standard PROWLEX CASEX Order is to be used:

PROWLEX CASEX C12

OSE

OTC

OCS

FRNFOR

OPFOR

Zone time

Go time

JJ.

Stop time

For one hour or to the end of the current PROWLEX period, whichever is the shorter

KK. Out of action period (Submarine not available for PROWLEX)

Assigned area

Safety course

2*B, 2D, 2G, 2L, 3A, 3D, 4*E, 5J, 7*C, 8*B (60m), 8D (60m), 9D(A), 10*A, 11A

140, 141, 149F, 150, 158, 323, 401, 508, 513, 605

1. Relaxation 4*E is only in force after the PROWLEX submarine has been positively identified.

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ORIGINAL

NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

Military reference books and manuals (2009-2023, Volume 5) - page 3