Military reference books and manuals (2009-2023, Volume 5)

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that CATAS must always be recovered during surfacing procedures with Italian submarines.

(3) Inform the ASW unit assigned the responsibility for surfacing the submarine, of the actual

VDS/DTAS cable length.

b. Take position to remain a distance of at least 1500 yards off the submarine course, if known. It

should be noted that sonar fixes may be unreliable since units may be in contact with a non-

submarine contact.

(1) If the submarine position is known (for example, sonar fix confirmed by the Mark-Snap

procedure), steer the ordered safety course or it’s reciprocal as ordered.

(2) If they have a short range sonar - normal transmission watch.

d. During the entire time that the submarine is coming to PD, proceed at above cavitation speed and

at not less than 12 knots (unless Relaxation 3*G is in force), secure Prairie Masker if applicable, and

have switched off or recovered decoys. At night, show navigation lights at full brilliance. If a ship

must stop during the surfacing procedure, it is to tap the hull, run its echo sounder or make some

other form of noise until voice communication is established with the submarine.

(1) Ships fitted only with medium or long range sonar systems may transmit at low power,

provided underwater telephone communications can be established and maintained.

(2) Ships with VDS/DTAS streamed (Relaxation 8*G) are to apply the following special

transmitting procedure:

(a) If they have a short range sonar - normal transmission watch.

(b) If they have medium or long range sonar - normal transmissions at low power or 3

transmissions every

5 minutes if required to establish and maintain UWT

communications. If UWT communications cannot be established - normal transmission

watch.

2236.

(d) Except in an emergency, units should not transmit on underwater telephone from the

time the submarine acknowledges the all-clear-to-surface signal

(DDD) until the

submarine is at PD.

(3) When authorization B is applicable (Table 2-4), ships with CATAS streamed must

comply with the rules of Article 2238.1.a (3).

f. Keep a sharp lookout for the submarine while it is coming to PD. Should the submarine be on a

course or in a position other than anticipated, ships should be ready to move clear of the submarine

immediately.

3. Conduct of ASW Units Responsible for Executing the Surfacing Procedure. The ASW unit

assigned by the OTC/OCS with the responsibility of bringing the submarine up to PD, should in

addition to Article 2273.2:

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a. warn units which are not complying with the preceding procedures;

b. maintain UWT listening watch (see Article 2218);

c. exchange range by MARK-SNAP method;

d. upon sighting the first pyrotechnic from the submarine, make "ROGER SMOKE, Bearing ..." on

UWT (if fitted) or "QPQ" on SST;

e. upon sighting the second pyrotechnic from the submarine, make "ROGER SMOKE, Bearing ..."

on UWT (if fitted) or "QPQ" on SST; and

f. pass a surface situation report on

UWT.

NOTE:

Example of Surface SITREP

This is not to be considered a mandatory format, but is an illustration of the type of

information of interest to submarines. If UWT communications are difficult, the

information passed should be kept to a minimum consistent with submarine safety to

prevent unnecessary delays in coming to PD. If exercises are of short duration, only

significant changes to visibility, wind, and sea conditions need be transmitted. Position

reports may be delayed until the submarine is at PD. The position of all ships within

five miles, and those within

10 miles which are closing, should be included.

"L6X this is 2PG ROGER SMOKE standby Surface SITREP.

1. Your position at 1203, 175 position AA 15 miles.

4. Visibility 7 miles.

5. Wind 230 15 knots.

6. Sea and swell from 230, height 1 metre (3 feet).

2PG bears 165 degrees, 200 yards from you, steering safety course, VDS streamed

to 30 metres (98 feet), 5XC bears 010, 2300 yards from you, steering safety course. One

tanker bears 330 degrees, 4 miles, course 090, speed 15 knots, will pass 2 miles north of

you. No other ships 5 miles. Over.”

g. Inform the submarine of any ship in the vicinity which has VDS/ DTAS streamed to a greater

depth than allowed during the surfacing procedure, and of the depth to which the VDS/DTAS is

streamed. This may be necessary if bad weather restricts the recovery of VDS/DTAS.

h. Once the position of the submarine has been definitely established and it is safe for the submarine

to come to periscope depth in the next 10 minutes, transmit "DDD" on UWT or SST or signal A5

(five charges) or signal MK84 Code 3, unless Relaxation 3*E is in force. If it is NOT SAFE for the

submarine to come to periscope depth, pass "JJJ" on UWT or SST or signal A3 (three charges) or

signal MK 84 Code 2. If in any doubt that "JJJ" or MK 84 Code 2 has been received by the

submarine, signal A3 must also be made.

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i. If "JJJ", signal A3, or signal MK 84 Code 2 have been made, the entire surfacing procedure must

be restarted as described above.

j. The surfacing procedure may be considered as completed when the submarine has reported that it

is at PD and operations normal.

k. If no communications have been established at STOP TIME Plus one hour, return to the last

known position of the submarine, initiate a search, attempt to establish communications by all means

possible and follow the instructions of ATP-10.

2274 CONDUCT AND PROCEDURES FOR SURFACE SHIPS AND/OR HELICOPTERS IN

THE VICINITY OF A SUBMARINE THAT IS COMING TO PD - METHOD BRAVO

1. Conduct of the Submarine. When Relaxation 3*J is in force, a submarine intending to come to

PD from Safe Depth when ships and/or helos are in the vicinity, is to carry out the following

procedures unless Relaxation 3*K, 8*E and/or 9*F are in force:

a. turn to the safety course;

b. may fire pyrotechnics to indicate his position; and

c. when it is considered safe to do so by the submarine CO, return to PD and contact the OTC/OCS

on UHF, HF or VHF.

2. Conduct of Ships and Helicopters. All ASW units in the vicinity of a submarine known to be

coming to PD are to act as follows:

a. Raise helicopter sonar and decoys to a depth of 30 metres (98 feet) or less or to the reduced ship's

draft which may be authorized by Relaxation 12*B;

(1) before FINEX or STOP TIME, raise VDS/DTAS to a cable length not exceeding 30

metres (98 feet), or the cable length authorized by Relaxation 8*G - CATAS need not be

recovered. However, it should be noted that CATAS must always be recovered during

surfacing procedures with Italian sub-marines.

b. Assume the safety course or reciprocal, whichever course opens from the last known position of

the submarine. At times it may be desirable for the OTC/OCS to order ships to steer either the safety

course or the reciprocal if the OCS wishes to keep the formation together for subsequent operations.

This should only be done if the submarine's position is known and all ships are displaced at least

1500 yards off the submarine's course.

c. At STOP TIME the OTC/OCS may assign an ASW unit, which is the nearest unit from the

probable submarine position, with the responsibility to pass a short surface Situation Report on UWT

(blind transmission). The surface SITREP is passed once all units are on the safety course (or it’s

reciprocal). SITREP only contains the position of all non-exercise ships within 5 miles of the forces

and those within 10 miles which are closing.

d. During the entire time that the submarine is coming to PD, proceed at above cavitation speed and

at not less than 12 knots unless Relaxation 3*G is in effect, and at night show navigation lights at full

brilliance, and secure Prairie Masker if applicable. If a ship must stop during the surfacing procedure,

it is to tap its hull, run its echo sounder or make some form of noise until voice communication is

established with the submarine. Ships must transmit continuously on SRS/MRS from FINEX until

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UHF/HF/VHF communications with the submarine have been established.

e. If no communications have been established at STOP TIME plus one hour, return to the last

known position of the submarine, initiate a search, attempt to establish communications by all

means possible and follow the instructions of ATP-10.

2275 CONDUCT OF ASW SHIPS AT STOP TIME

1. The procedures for the submarine returning to PD outlined in Articles 2272, 2273 and 2274

(Methods ALPHA and BRAVO) apply at STOP TIME (unless Relaxations 3*F, 3*H or 3*K are

authorized) in the following cases:

a. The ASW ships are in contact with the submarine.

b. The ASW ships are not in contact with the submarine, but are remaining in the exercise area.

If no contact has been established with the submarine at STOP TIME plus one hour, return to the last

known position of the submarine, initiate a search, attempt to establish communications by all means

possible and follow the instructions of ATP-10.

NOTE 1:

The ASW ships are allowed to depart the exercise area before STOP TIME when relaxation 3*H is

authorized, but continue to observe safety precautions in accordance with serial instructions in force,

whilst operating in the ASW exercise area, until STOP TIME.

NOTE 2:

When the procedure for returning to PD is applied, Relaxations 3*G, 8*G and 12*B, if authorized,

remain in effect until the submarine returns to PD.

2276-2279 Spare

2280 NOT RELEASABLE

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CHAPTER 3

STANDARD EXERCISES AND METHOD OF ORDERING

3000 SUMMARY OF STANDARD EXERCISES

1. Standard ASW Exercises (CASEXes) are listed in this Chapter and are grouped as follows:

(1) A Series - Exercises involving ships and/or Helicopters (Table 3-7)

(2) B Series - Exercises involving Aircraft (Table 3-8)

(3) C Series - Exercises involving Multiple Forces (Table 3-9)

(4) D Series - NOT RELEASABLE

(5) E Series - Exercises of a Miscellaneous Nature (Table 3-11)

(6) F Series

- Synthetic Exercises for surface ships and aircraft when no submarine is

available

NOTE:

A further group of Exercises (S Series) involving Submarines vs Submarines is included in Chapter 4.

2. Within the above series, the exercises have been placed in an approximate degree of complexity.

However, by use of the Relaxation Table (Table 3-2), the Exercise Instruction Table (Table 3-3), and

Special Instructions, the exercises may be varied to achieve virtually any desired complexity and also

provide opportunities for pro-submarine training.

3. When the term Unit is used, it signifies a ship or aircraft or a small group of ships and/or aircraft

acting as an entity.

4. When the term Aircraft is used, it includes both fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters.

5. CASEXes may be carried out by day or night unless otherwise specified.

3001 SUBSTITUTION FOR A SUBMARINE

In certain joint exercises, a ship may take the place of a submarine when it is desired to exercise

Air/Surface Cooperation procedures. A mobile ASW target may take the place of a submarine in any

CASEX.

3002 METHOD OF ORDERING EXERCISES

1. This section contains information on the method of ordering the various ASW exercises listed in

this Chapter.

2. Security of the Order Table:

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a. Although AXP 1 is classified NATO Confidential, the major part of the message ordering the

exercises does not contain material requiring security and may, subject to any special instructions

issued by National or Area Commanders, be passed by unclassified message.

b. Certain sections however (particularly Q, R and S) may contain information of a classified

nature.

3003 ORDER TABLE (TABLE 3-1)

When scheduling an ASW Exercise, the authority ordering the exercise should first decide which of

the exercises in Chapter 3 most nearly meets his requirements. Individual CASEXes list the procedure

to be followed for starting, conducting and stopping the exercise. The Order Table should then be used

by the authority ordering the exercise in compiling the Operation Order or CASEX message. The

authority ordering the exercise should always consider the whole Order Table when compiling his

orders, but omitting those headings not applicable or required.

3004 RELAXATION TABLE (TABLE 3-2)

This table should be used to modify the Safety Precautions, Operating Restrictions and Procedures to

make the training more realistic. The use of relaxations will depend on the equipment, capabilities and

state of training of the participating units. Certain relaxations are marked with an asterisk (*) and may

only be used subject to the prior approval of the SUBOPAUTH. Exercise planners must obtain this

approval before including starred relaxations in operation orders. Relaxations ordered follow the

prefix Q in the Order Table.

3005 EXERCISE INSTRUCTIONS (TABLE 3-3)

This table is to be used in conjunction with the Relaxation Table. These two tables enable the

authority ordering the exercise to adapt any of the standard CASEXes to meet his specific

requirements. Exercise Instructions ordered should follow the prefixes R, S and T in the Order Table.

3006 SUBMARINE DEPTH TABLES (TABLE 3-4)

1. These tables may be ordered by the use of the Exercise Instruction Number 166. The use of these

tables is subject to Article 2213. When the tables require the submarine to exceed the limits imposed

by these Safety Rules, the submarine is to proceed as near the depth specified in the Depth Table as

the Safety Rules allow. When conducting serials with Autonomous Underwater Training Targets

(AUTT(s)), appropriate lines of this table are to be used to identify the depths which will be applied

during its running time.

2. The following instructions apply to the Submarine Depth Tables:

a. Zero Time (minute 0) is the exact hour immediately preceding the time of execution. If the

time of execution is exactly on an hour, that time will be Zero Time. The submarine is to go to the

depth shown in the table for that time relative to Zero Time.

b. If the table is completed before FINEX, the submarine is to restart the table at Zero Time.

c. The times shown in the table are the times at which the submarine is to start altering to the

ordered depth.

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d. The Depth Tables may be ordered in an exercise in which the submarine is unrestricted in

course and speed.

e. Serials conducted with AUTT(s) or similar UW Targets will be ended by Target’s pre-planned

running time.

3007 SUBMARINE COURSE AND SPEED DIAGRAMS (TABLE 3-5)

1. These diagrams may be ordered by the use of the Exercise Instruction Number

121. The

authorities ordering these diagrams are to ensure that the submarine can comply with the diagram

while still remaining within the exercise area and within sufficient depth of water.

2. The diagrams are divided as follows:

a. High-Speed Runs

b. Medium-Speed Runs

c. Slow-Speed Runs

3. Except in the case of high speed runs, the first two diagrams in each division are designed for use

in a restricted area, and the finishing position corresponds with the starting position. The second two

diagrams in each division allow for a small advance along the base course between the beginning and

end of the run. These diagrams will be of advantage in a tideway or when starting the exercise in one

corner of the exercise area.

4. Diagram 56 is a special diagram for use with aircraft for Passive/Active Sonobuoy training.

5. The following instructions apply to the Course and Speed Diagrams:

a. Courses and Speeds are to be taken as through the water, without allowing for tide.

b. The Base Course (AB) should be arranged before the start of the exercise.

c. Zero Time (minute 0) is the exact hour immediately preceding the time of execution. If the

time of execution is exactly on an hour, that time will be Zero Time. The sub-marine is to go to

the course and speed shown in the diagram for that time relative to Zero Time.

d. If the run is completed for FINEX, the submarine is to restart the run at Zero Time.

e. The times shown in the diagrams are the times at which the submarine is to start altering to the

new course.

3008 LONG-RANGE TRACKING DIAGRAMS (TABLE 3-6)

1. diagrams in this table present various options for manoeuvring of units during basic tracking

exercises. Each diagram provides a generalized scheme for the practice of specific techniques; course,

speed, etc., must be ordered in the CASEX message.

2. The diagrams are specifically oriented to passive operations but may also be applied to active

tracking.

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3. As proficiency improves the target/sensor presentations can be made more complex by the

superposition of parameters on a basic track.

3009 SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS

1. When exercises require instructions that cannot be ordered by using the tables provided, they

should be included in Section U (Special Instructions) of the Order Table.

2. These instructions should be written clearly and concisely and, if possible, should be discussed

with all participants before the exercise.

3010 ISSUING CASEX STANDARD INSTRUCTIONS

In the interest of brevity, local Commanders may issue CASEX standard instructions which will

always apply when ordering CASEXes in their area. For example, the areas and time of Start Time

and Stop Time may be taken as those in the weekly practice programmes, and the Submarine Safety

Course within the command area may always be standard unless specifically listed in the Order Table.

3011 - 3999 Spare

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Table 3-1 Order Table

ORDER TABLE

Designator

Meaning

CASEX No

and/or purpose of the exercise and/or description of the exercise

Officer Scheduling the Exercise (OSE)

Officer Conducting the Exercise (OCE)

Officer in Tactical Command (OTC)

Officer Conducting the Serial (OCS)

Friendly Forces (FRNFOR)

1. Screened force or convoy

2. Screen and/or Patrol Group

3. Name, hull number, active sonar frequency and signal designator type of

VDS/Towed Array (Table 2-5) of each VDS/Towed Array ship in the exercise

4. Carrier and shipborne aircraft

5. Land-based aircraft

6. Submarines (mission to be stated, e.g. escort, patrol, transit

etc.)

7. Independent units

8. Officer in Command - FRNFOR (on board

or at

)

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Table 3-1 Order Table (Cont'd)

ORDER TABLE

Designator

Meaning

Opposing Forces (OPFOR)

Submarines designated for:

1. Individual attack

2. Coordinated attack

3. Tracking (shadowing)

4. On passage (in transit)

5. On patrol

6. Cooperating aircraft designated for:

7. Patrol

8. Search

9. Tracking (shadowing)

10. Strike

11. Cooperating ship for:

12. ELINT/SIGINT

13. Tracking (shadowing)

14. Raider, minelayer, etc.

15. Officer in Command - OPFOR (on board

or at

)

Zone time to be used throughout the exercises.

(GMT to be used whenever possible to

avoid confusion.)

Date and time the exercise is to start (Go Time)

Date and time the exercise is to stop (Stop Time)

Duration of ASW actions, if allowed (until Stop Time may be ordered; but attacks must be

broken off five minutes before this time)

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Table 3-1 Order Table (Cont'd)

ORDER TABLE

Designator

Meaning

Out-of-action period

Assigned exercise area

1. Rendezvous

2. Initial position and size of areas of OPFOR submarine(s)

Reference Positions. (The line joining the positions is the centre of a channel or transit lane

of stated width.)

The width of the channel or transit lane in miles or yards

Base Course and speed and/or Mean Line of Advance (MLA):

1. FRNFOR

2. OPFOR

(Must be expressed as a numbered group to avoid confusion with Safety Course)

Limits of Submarine Operating Area

Safety Course.

(Must be expressed as one of the four cardinal points of the compass, i.e.

North, South, East or West.)

1. FRNFOR submarine ordered depth or allocated depth zones.

2. OPFOR submarine ordered depth or allocated depth zones.

3. Submarine Depth Restrictions (see Article 2213 and NOT RELEASABLE)

4. Exercise Stovepipe allocation (see Article 2239).

Relaxations (Table 3-2)

Exercise Instructions - FRNFOR (Table 3-3). (Not to be communicated to OPFOR.)

Start position - FRNFOR. (Not to be communicated to OPFOR.)

Exercise Instructions - OPFOR (Table 3-3). (Not to be communicated to FRNFOR.)

Start position - OPFOR. (Not to be communicated to FRNFOR.)

Exercise Instructions - FRNFOR/OPFOR (Table 3-3)

Special Instructions

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Table 3-1 Order Table (Cont'd)

ORDER TABLE

Designator

Meaning

Communications means available (quoting tables in Chapters 2 and 5 where applicable):

1. Radio (Voice or CW with frequency and call signs

2. Flag (Table 5-6)

3. SST (with frequency and call signs - Table 5-4)

4. Specific type of charge (by line number in Table 2-6) and Explosive Charge Signal

(Table 5-2)

5. Pyrotechnics (Table 5-3)

6. Aircraft manoeuvres (Table 5-7)

7. Underwater telephone (UWT - Table 5-4)

8. ESUS (Table 5-5)

1. Practice weapons to be employed

2. Practice weapon settings to be employed:

a. Depth

b. Speed

c. Running Range

d. Explosive Charge

Ship(s) detailed for practice weapon recovery

Records:

1. Authorities designated for analysis and reporting

2. CASEX Forms or FORMEX (specified by FORMEX number) required

3. ME-YOU Message

4. National Requirements

Movements on completion

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Table 3-2 Relaxation Table

NOTE:

Certain Relaxations are marked with an asterisk (*) and may only be used subject to the prior

approval of the Submarine Operating Authority. (See Article 1030.)

RELAXA-

TOPIC

TION

DEGREE OF RELAXATION PERMITTED

NUMBER

General

All NON-STARRED Relaxations are authorized.

Attacks

Spare

ASW ships may close and carry out simulated attacks at any range without

restriction immediately after COMEX. (See Article 2251, 2252.1.a.(5) and

2252.1.a.(9))

ASW ships may close and carry out one simulated attack without delay, at any

range without restriction, before signalling COMEX.

(See Article

2251,

2252.1.a.(5) and 2252.1.a.(9))

ASW ships may fire light projectiles at dived submarines.

(See Article

2252.1.a.(7))

ASW ships may fire heavy projectiles, if the submarine is known to be at a

safe depth. (See Article 2252.1.a.(7))

ASW ships may fire practice ASW torpedoes or missiles carrying practice

ASW torpedoes. (See Article 2252.1.a.(8))

Aircraft may carry out night attacks against submarines, subject to Articles

2252 and 2254.

Aircraft/Drones may drop practice ASW torpedoes. (See Article 2252.1.b.(7))

Submarine is not obliged to go to, or to remain at, Safe Depth after COMEX

or Go Time. (See Articles 2251, 2252.1.a.(5) and 2213.7.b.)

Submarines may fire exercise torpedoes provided the requisite attack signals

are displayed by the target ships. (See Article 5015)

Submarines may fire grenades (flares), in addition to red grenades (flares) in

an emergency, provided it is assessed that helicopters or fixed wing aircraft

will not be endangered.

ASW ships may close and carry out any number of simulated attacks at any

range without restriction, without delay, and without signalling COMEX. (See

Article 2251, 2252.1.a(5) and 2252.1.a.(9))

ASW units may conduct a live ordnance attack with (……) (weapons to be

inserted) subject to the specific authorization and limitations as laid down by

the national SUBOPAUTH.

Conduct

Submarines need not return to periscope depth after FINEX. (See Article

of Forces

2271.2.)

at FINEX

or STOP

TIME

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Table 3-2 Relaxation Table (Cont’d)

RELAXA-

TOPIC

TION

DEGREE OF RELAXATION PERMITTED

NUMBER

Conduct of Forces at

Submarines are not to come to periscope depth after FINEX and

FINEX or STOP

will remain at safe depth until Stop Time.

TIME (Cont’d)

Spare.

ASW ships may break off attacks before FINEX and continue

operations without waiting for the submarine to come to periscope

depth.

Submarines may proceed from Safe Depth to periscope depth

when in company with surface forces prior to receipt of DDD or

the 5-charge signal. (See Articles 2272, 2273 and 2213)

Submarines are allowed to remain submerged and need not return

to periscope depth at STOP TIME, provided that UWT

communications are established between the submarine and

surface units before the latter departs from the scene of action.

During the time that the submarine is coming to periscope depth

or surfacing, ships may proceed at less than 12 knots but must

cavitate.

IAW Articles 2273 or 2274, para 2, submarines are allowed to

remain submerged and need not return to periscope depth at STOP

TIME (see Article 2271.2). There is no need to communicate and

surface forces, without turning to the safety course, are allowed to

depart, even before STOP TIME (see article 2275).

Surfacing Method BRAVO is to be used as standard surfacing

method. (See Article 2272.1.c. and 2274.)

Submarines may proceed from Safe Depth to periscope depth

when in company with surface forces at the discretion of the

submarine Commanding Officer.

Contact Investigation

Once contact has been made, shadowing submarines may leave

their assigned areas and shadow the target, but are not to dive in

other submarine areas.

Spare.

ASW ships may investigate contacts by day or night without

restriction. (See Articles 2251.1 and 2252.1.a.(9))

Evasive Steering

The Main Body (or Target Submarine in "S" Series CASEXes,

Chapter 4) may carry out evasive steering as detailed in Exercise

Instructions ordered.

Individual ships of Main Body may weave.

Ships of Main Body are free to avoid torpedoes.

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Table 3-2 Relaxation Table (Cont’d)

RELAXA-

TOPIC

TION

DEGREE OF RELAXATION PERMITTED

NUMBER

Evasive Steering

Emergency turns are permitted by day.

(Cont’d)

Emergency turns are permitted by night.

ASW ships may use evasive steering as desired by day, indepen-

dently of the force screened.

ASW ships may use evasive steering as desired by night,

independently of the force screened.

ASW ships are entirely free to avoid torpedoes.

Evasive steering by surface forces is unrestricted.

Navigation Lights

Submarines are not to show any navigation lights by night except

for reasons of safety and when surfacing.

Submarines need not show navigation lights when surfacing at

night.

Ships of main body are to dim their navigation lights except in

situations where their safety is impaired.

Ships of main body are not to show navigation lights except in

situations where their safety is impaired.

ASW ships not towing VDS/DTAS are to show only dimmed

navigation lights except in situations where their safety is

impaired.

ASW ships not towing VDS/DTAS are not to show navigation

lights except in situations where their safety is impaired.

Surface Ship

ASW ships may slow below cavitation speed, operate radiated

Propeller

noise masking systems or stop the screws by day. (See Articles

Cavitations (See

2216, 2273 and 2274)

Article 2216)

ASW ships may slow below cavitation speed, operate radiated

noise masking systems or stop their screws by night. (See Articles

2216, 2273 and 2274)

ASW ships may slow below cavitation speed, operate radiated

noise masking systems, provided they transmit on sonar. (See

Articles 2216, 2273 and 2274)

All ships may slow below cavitation speed, operate radiated noise

masking systems or stop their screws by day.

All ships may slow below cavitation speed, operate radiated noise

masking systems or stop their screws by night.

All ships may slow below cavitation speed or operate radiated

noise masking systems by day or night, without transmitting on

sonar, provided they transmit continuously on the lowest

frequency echo sounder at maximum power and maintain an alert

listening watch on underwater telephone. (See Article 2218)

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Table 3-2 Relaxation Table (Cont’d)

RELAXA-

TOPIC

TION

DEGREE OF RELAXATION PERMITTED

NUMBER

Surface Ship

Ships may slow below cavitation speed or operate noise masking

Propeller Cavitations

systems by day or night without transmitting on sonar, providing

(Cont’d) (See Article

they transmit on UWT, repeating

“YANKEE BRAVO

2216)

CHARLIE” three times every five minutes (see Article 2216).

Ships may slow below cavitation speed or operate noise masking

systems by day and/or night without transmitting on sonar

providing they transmit on a sequencing UWT (UWT designator

from Table 2-5D) at max/min power or … dB every … minutes at

… kHz (see Article 2216-4).

Variable Depth

Submarines are to proceed to a safe depth when nearest ship

Sonar/Towed Array

streaming VDS/DTAS approaches to within

(…….) yards as

Systems (See Table

indicated. (See Article 2236.1.b)

2-2 Note 7)

Ships may employ VDS/DTAS (

) (Signal Designator from

Tables 2-5A, B & C) to cable length (

) measured in metres

NOTE:

(feet) from the water line.

(See Article 2236)

Submarines need not proceed to a safe depth when operating with

Units of

helicopters using active sonar. They must not, however,

measurement must be

deliberately approach to within 500 yards of any helicopter in the

specified in CASEX

dip. (see Article 2234)

messages.

Helicopters operating in dipping sonar may lower transducers to

maximum depth of (..….) meters (feet) as indicated.

In advanced exercises when VDS/TAS/MTAS is being employed,

submarines need not initiate standard surfacing procedures before

proceeding from Safe Depth to periscope depth.

Helicopters operating dipping sonar may lower transducers to the

best search depth if accurate sonar search, conducted at the start of

each dip with the transducer at a depth no greater than (…….)

metres (feet), has negative results. Transducers should be raised

to the above depth if a contact approaches within 1000 yards.

At FINEX or STOP TIME VDS/DTAS cable length must not

exceed (…...) metres (feet).

3-12

CHANGE 4

NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

MXP-1(D)(NAVY)(AIR)

Table 3-2 Relaxation Table (Cont’d)

TOPIC

RELAXA-

DEGREE OF RELAXATION PERMITTED

TION

NUMBER

Variable Depth

Ships may employ VDS/DTAS (…...) (Signal Designator from

Sonar/Towed

Tables 2-5A, B and C) to cable length (…….) measured in metres

Array Systems

(feet) from the water-line without transmitting on any active sonar,

(Cont’d) (See

provided they transmit the warning signal "VDS" successively on the

Table 2-2 Note 7)

VDS and hull sonar UWT, or hull sonar UWT only if not

practicable, every two minutes.

NOTE:

Ships may employ CATAS (…...) (Signal Designator from Table 2-

5B and C) without restriction.

Units of

Ships may employ CATAS…(…...) (Signal Designator from Table

measurement must

2-5B and C) without transmitting on any active sonar, provided they

be specified in

transmit the warning signal 'TAS' on UWT every 5 minutes.

CASEX messages.

Ships may employ CATAS (…...) (Signal Designator from Table 2-

5B and C) without restriction, provided authorization A is promul-

gated (see Table 2-4).

Ships may employ VDS/DTAS (…...) (Signal Designator from

Tables 2-5A, B and C) in a zone (…….) metres (feet) to (…….)

metres (feet) and zone (…...) metres (feet) to (…….) metres (feet).

When a VDS/DTAS zone is authorized below the submarine, the

system employed must be capable of maintaining the towed body

accurately within the specified zone. (See Article 2236.1.a(4).)

SEE RECORD OF

Ships may employ VDS/DTAS (…...) (Signal Designator from

RESERVATIONS FOR

Tables 2-5A, B and C) to cable length (……..) measured in metres

FR RESERVATION

(feet) from the water line without transmitting on any sonar,

provided the fathometer is operated at maximum power, maximum

scale.

Ships may employ CATAS (…….) (Signal Designator from Tables

2-5A, B and C) without transmitting on sonar, provided the

fathometer is operated at maximum power, maximum scale.

Towed Decoys

Submarines are to proceed to Safe Depth when nearest ship towing

(See Table 2-2,

decoy at long stay approaches to (…….) yards as indicated (see

Note 7)

Article 2233.1c).

Ships of Main Body may tow decoys at short stay. Type of decoy is

to be indicated using Signal Designator from Table 2-3.

Ships of Main Body may tow decoys at long stay. Type of decoy is

to be indicated using Signal Designator from Table 2-3.

ASW ships may tow decoys at short stay. Type of decoy is to be

indicated using Signal Designator from Table 2-3.

ASW ships may tow decoys at long stay. Type of decoy is to be

indicated using Signal Designator from Table 2-3.

In advanced exercises when decoys are being employed, submarines

need not initiate standard surfacing procedures before proceeding

from Safe Depth to periscope depth. (See Articles 2273 and 2274)

3-13

CHANGE 4

NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

MXP-1(D)(NAVY)(AIR)

Table 3-2 Relaxation Table (Cont’d)

RELAXA-

TOPIC

TION

DEGREE OF RELAXATION PERMITTED

NUMBER

Signal Charges

Ships and Aircraft may drop X and Y rated explosive charges

within 1000 yards of the estimated position of a submarine (see

Article 2240, Table 2-6 and Article 5011.1)

Ships and aircraft may drop Z-rated explosive charges (___) (line

number from Table 2-6) OUTSIDE (___) (range in yards) of the

estimated position of a submarine. (See Article 2240 and Table 2-

6.)

Aircraft

Height

Subject to approval of Scene-of-Action Commander and

Separations

appropriate Air Commander, fixed-wing aircraft co-operating with

helicopters are allowed to descend to any altitude to carry out

ASW action. (See Article 2231.2.)

Submarine Safety

Submarine height (base of keel to top of fin) (……..) metres

Separations

(See

(feet).

Articles 2212 and

Draft of surface ships may be assumed to be (…….) metres (feet).

2213)

(See important Note 2 to Table 2-2.)

NOTE:

Upper vertical safety separation is reduced to those figures shown

Units of

in Column D, sub-columns Y of Table 2-2 or to (…….) metres

measurement

(feet) for speeds as indicated.

must be specified

Bottom vertical safety separation is reduced to those figures

in CASEX

shown in Column F, sub-column Y of Table 2-2 or to (……..)

messages

meters (feet) for speeds as indicated.

Lower vertical safety separation is reduced to those figures shown

in Column H, sub-column Y of Table 2-2 or to (…….) metres

(feet) for speeds as indicated.

Submarines may bottom. (See Article 2213.2)

Horizontal separation towards the limit of the submarines area is

modified to (

) miles.

(see Article 2212.1).

3-14

CHANGE 4

NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

MXP-1(D)(NAVY)(AIR)

Table 3-2 Relaxation Table (Cont’d)

RELAXA-

TOPIC

TION

DEGREE OF RELAXATION PERMITTED

NUMBER

Environmental

If the visibility through the periscope by day or night is reduced to

Restrictions (See

2,000 yards, submarines equipped with surface warning radar,

Article 2214)

which is working efficiently, may dive.

Submarines equipped with surface warning radar, which is working

efficiently, may dive under all conditions of periscope visibility, day

or night.

Submarines not equipped with surface warning radar, or submarines

which have defective surface warning radar, may dive under all

conditions of periscope visibility, day or night.

VDS/TAS/MTAS

The exercise may be extended beyond 2 hours. It will include

(See Article 2237 and

(…...) runs of 2 hours or (..….) hours. The neutral corridor must be

Figures 2-2 and 2-3)

re-established after each run.

The duration of the exercise will be 4 or (…..) hours. The width of

the neutral corridor will be extended to 8000 yards at GO TIME

plus 2 or (…...) hours.

The neutral corridor consists of two right-angle corridors. The zone

reserved for the submarine is quadrant (…...).

The neutral corridor at GO TIME is defined in relation to a line

bearing (….) (from visible landmark).

The neutral corridor at GO TIME is reduced to 2000 yards.

NOTE:

This Relaxation should not be ordered at the same time as

Relaxation 14*B.

Exercise Stovepipe

Helicopters may operate dipping sonars in Exercise Stovepipes.

Helicopters may operate dipping sonars in Exercise Stovepipes

provided they transmit continuously on active sonar.

Ships not deploying towed bodies, VDS/TAS/MTAS may enter an

Exercise Stovepipe.

3-15

CHANGE 4

NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

MXP-1(D)(NAVY)(AIR)

Table 3-2 Relaxation Table (Cont’d)

RELAXA-

TOPIC

TION

DEGREE OF RELAXATION PERMITTED

NUMBER

Exercise Stovepipe

Ships not deploying towed bodies, VDS/TAS/MTAS may enter an

(Cont’d)

Exercise Stovepipe, providing they steer a direct course through the

Exercise Stovepipe and are cavitating.

Ships not deploying towed bodies, VDS/TAS/MTAS may enter an

Exercise Stovepipe provided they transmit continuously on active

sonar within (…..) yards (normally 3000) from the outer edge and

within all of the Exercise Stovepipe. Ships may not approach a

sonar contact closer than (…..) yards (normally 4000).

Ships deploying CATAS (….) (signal from Table 2-5B and C) may

enter an Exercise Stovepipe provided they cavitate or transmit on

active sonar or UWT or other acoustic warning system.

Ships deploying CATAS (….) (signal designator from Table 2-5B

and C) may enter an Exercise Stovepipe provided they steer a direct

course through the Exercise Stovepipe and cavitate or transmit on

active sonar or UWT or other acoustic warning system.

Ships deploying VDS/DTAS (….)(signal designator from Tables 2-

5A, B and C) may enter an Exercise Stovepipe provided they steer a

direct course through the Exercise Stovepipe and transmit

continuously on active sonar within (…..) yards (normally 3000)

from the outer edge and within all of the Exercise Stovepipe or if

Relaxation 8*H is in force, cavitate and use the signals described in

Relaxation 8*H. Ships may not approach a sonar contact closer

than (…...) yards (normally 4000).

Counter-Attacks

OPFOR submarines may counter attack.

Depth

(see Articles

FRNFOR submarines may be at periscope depth at night from (….)

2213 and 4022)

(….). OPFOR submarines must be in their deep depth zone

between these times.

OPFOR submarines may be at periscope depth at night from (….) to

(….). FRNFOR submarines must be in their deep depth zone

between these times.

FRNFOR submarines may come to periscope depth while in the

Safety Zone/Safety Circle to identify HE, provided they return to

minimum safe depth within 5 minutes after arrival at periscope

depth.

3-16

CHANGE 4

NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

MXP-1(D)(NAVY)(AIR)

Table 3-2 Relaxation Table (Cont’d)

RELAXA-

TOPIC

TION

DEGREE OF RELAXATION PERMITTED

NUMBER

Depth (Cont’d)

FRNFOR submarines have freedom in depth until HE has been

firmly established, whereafter they are to go to safe depth or to (….)

metres (feet).

Submarines can be at periscope depth when this depth zone is

assigned to another submarine (but cannot remain there for more

than ….. minutes). (see Articles 4026 and 4032).

Submarines are allowed to change depth through depth zone(s)

allocated to other submarines. (see Article 4032).

Submarines changing depth to PD through depth zone(s) allocated

to other submarines may clear baffles in this depth zone, but cannot

remain there for more than (…. minutes). (see Article 4032 and

Table 4-1).

Snorkelling

FRNFOR submarines may snorkel from (…….) to (……..).

OPFOR submarines may snorkel from (…..) to (……..).

Submarines may snorkel at all times.

Safety

line

(see

Safety line will be

(…...) yards from the initial position of the

Article 4015)

attacking submarine.

Safety Circles

(See

Radii of the Inner and Outer Safety Circles are (…….) and (…...)

Article 4014)

yards, respectively.

Radius of the Special Safety Circle in CASEX S4 is (…….) yards.

Radius of special Safety Circle around bottomed submarine in

CASEX E-6 is (…

) yards.

Too Close (See

Submarines are too close when range is less than 1000 yards and the

Article 4017)

distance off the track is less than 600 yards.

Submarines and

Ships need not inform submarines of the presence of fishing vessels

Fishing Vessels

(see Articles 2113 and 2114).

Fishing vessels not engaged in fishing activities are not to be treated

as fishing vessels according to Article 2113.

Remain at least (…...) yards clear of fishing vessels that are engaged

in fishing. To assist submarines in identifying fishing vessels, and

maintaining the separation distances, ships are to inform submarines

whenever a fishing vessel engaged in fishing approaches within

(…...) yards of suspected submarine position.

Avoidance of fishing vessels is at CO discretion.

3-17

ORIGINAL

NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

MXP-1(D)(NAVY)(AIR)

Table 3-3 Exercise Instruction Tables

TO SUBMARINES

EI NO

MEANING

100

Are to be marked throughout the exercise as follows: by day, by towing marker floats; by

night, by burning navigation and/or specialty marker lights.

101

Dive (…….) minutes after detecting aircraft radar transmission, and start snorkelling.

102

Are not to dive until aircraft are sighted visually.

103

Are not to dive until attacked by aircraft.

104

Remain within (…….) yards of the diving position for (…….) minutes after COMEX.

105

Remain within (…….) degree sector, centre bearing (…….) from diving position.

106

Subject to any safety requirements, are to operate at the depth most favourable to ASW

units.

106A

Remain at (…….) metres (feet).

107

Is not to go below (…….) metres (feet) unless safety requires.

108

Hover at (……..) metres (feet).

109

Are to stay deep for a maximum of (…….) minutes each (…...) hour(s).

110

Are to surface (…….) minutes after diving.

111

Are to surface at specified times to expose themselves to the aircraft.

112

Remain within (…...) thousands of yards of start position until COMEX.

113

Maintain a course (…….) for (…….) minutes after COMEX.

114

Is to snorkel or remain at periscope depth in initial position.

115

At Go Time, is to be within (……..) miles from Start Position.

116

Are to station themselves (…….) miles apart.

117

Are to station themselves at (…...) mile intervals along the FRNFOR Force route.

118

Is to steer Safety Course except during ASW action.

119

Limit speed to (…….) knots for (…….) minutes after COMEX.

120

Speeds are not to exceed (…….) knots.

121

Comply with course and speed diagrams (…...).

122

Remain within range of the aircraft sonobuoy pattern for (…...) minutes.

123

Do not react to aircraft detections.

124

Do not react until ESM warning of radar is (…….)% higher than the Normal Danger level.

3-18

ORIGINAL

NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

MXP-1(D)(NAVY)(AIR)

Table 3-3 Exercise Instruction Tables (Cont’d)

TO SUBMARINES

EI NO

MEANING

125

Snorkel until sighting aircraft.

126

Snorkel until attacked by aircraft.

127

Attempt to snorkel for (……..)% of exercise. However, they should avoid detection by

aircraft.

128

Is to have (…...)% battery endurance remaining on completion of transit.

129

Snorkel from (…….) until (…...).

130

Make frequent changes in engine revolutions.

131

When ordered, stop diesel engines and start them again a few minutes afterwards.

132

While snorkelling, proceed at the quietest speed.

133

Is to ensure periods of high speed snorkel.

134

Are to snorkel at various courses and speeds or on (…….) course and (…….) speed.

135

Provide visual and acoustic detection opportunities for (…….)% of time.

136

Cavitate for (…….)% of time.

137

Cavitate for (…...) minutes after COMEX.

138

Are to press home attack on force screened and, if undetected, may surface when the force

is out of sight, if safe to do so.

139

Priority of the target for attack is:

(a)

Screening units.

(b)

Screened units.

(c)

Surface unit designated.

140

Is to indicate attack by releasing a green flare.

(Relaxation 2L must be in force.)

141

Submarines are to simulate attacks and counter-attacks as opportunity occurs.

142

Is to mark simulated attacks by UWT or SST without firing green grenades.

3-19

ORIGINAL

NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

MXP-1(D)(NAVY)(AIR)

Table 3-3 Exercise Instruction Tables (Cont’d)

TO SUBMARINES

EI NO

MEANING

143

Is to obtain attack data by means of:

(a)

Periscope.

(b)

Radar.

(c)

Active Sonar.

144

While conducting attacks, obtain fire control data by making frequent transmissions on

radar.

145

Make anti D/F sweeps with search radar at intervals of (…...) minutes, from (..…...) until

(…

146

Make frequent periscope radar transmissions on each ship and/or aircraft in turn, from

(…….) until (…..).

147

Transmit continuously on search radar from (…...) until (…...).

148

May use SST or UWT for their own communications.

149

Evasion:

(a)

No evasion.

(b)

30° from base course, 2 knots ordered speed, no change in depth.

(c)

60° from base course, 4 knots ordered speed, no change in depth.

(d)

90° from base course, unlimited speed, 15-metre (50-foot) change in depth.

(e)

Depth. Evasion between safe depth and maximum permissible operating depth.

(f)

Unlimited evasion in course and speed.

150

May use decoys or evasive devices.

151

Are to use decoys or evasive devices.

152

Are to station themselves to ensure that forces gain contact.

153

If not detected within (…...) hours, provoke contact.

154

Provoke attacks by ASW units.

155

Steer towards ASW units if it is considered that contact has been lost for more than (…...)

minutes.

3-20

ORIGINAL

NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

MXP-1(D)(NAVY)(AIR)

Table 3-3 Exercise Instruction Tables (Cont’d)

TO SUBMARINES

EI NO

MEANING

156

Are to assist relocation after

(…….) minutes following last attack signal, when it is

considered that contact has been lost, by:

(a)

Smoke.

(b)

Pyrotechnic.

(c)

UWT or SST.

(d)

Bubbles.

(e)

Underwater vertical light.

157

Simulated guided missile fire by:

(a)

Surfacing for 5 minutes, and

(b)

Transmitting continuously on X-band radar on firing bearing for five minutes, and

(c)

Firing two yellow submarine pyrotechnics.

158

Are not deliberately to close within 1000 yards of medium range sonar-fitted helicopters.

159

NOT RELEASABLE

160

FRNFOR submarines are to be "Marked" (see Article 4011.1).

161

OPFOR submarines are to be "Marked" (see Article 4011.1).

162

Maximum speed for submarines at periscope depth is 10 knots.

163

Target submarine is to steer a straight course.

164

Target submarine is allowed to zig.

165

Release one (colour) pyrotechnic signal when at Safe Depth and ready to COMEX.

(This

instruction may only be ordered with the prior approval of the Submarine Operating

Authority (SUBOPAUTH).)

166

Comply with depth table No. ……. Reference depth is ……..

167

Submarines use underwater vertical safety light for 1 minute after ASW attack.

168

Submarine is to commence evasive manoeuvres when active sonobuoys or attack signals

are heard.

169

Before diving, are to transmit a short drill message on ……... KHz.

3-21

ORIGINAL

NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

MXP-1(D)(NAVY)(AIR)

Table 3-3 Exercise Instruction Tables (Cont’d)

TO SUBMARINES

EI NO

MEANING

170

Are to conduct ……. all-round sweeps with radar at random intervals (or at intervals of

…….. minutes).

171

After the exercise are to report to the OCE details of electronic transmissions, i.e.

(a)

Radar transmission times and durations;

(b)

Times at which surface ships or helicopters were detected, giving bearings and

ranges in yards; and

(c)

Times of radio transmissions.

172

On receipt of the first (……) attack signals by Mk 84 ESUS (Code 1, Table 5-5), submarines are

to mark their position by firing a white/yellow smoke.

173

}

Spares

199

3-22

ORIGINAL

NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

MXP-1(D)(NAVY)(AIR)

Table 3-3 Exercise Instruction Tables (Cont’d)

TO MAIN BODY/FORCE SCREENED/TARGETS

EI NO.

MEANING

200

Make one zig of not more than 30° during the run.

201

Make alterations of course not more than 30° at intervals of not less than five minutes.

202

Carry out one alteration of course not more than 30° by turning together.

203

May carry out one or more navigational alterations of course by wheeling at intervals of

not less than 10 minutes.

204

Is to zigzag, ships turning together. Alterations of course are not to exceed 30° and at

intervals of not less than 10 minutes.

205

NOT RELEASABLE

206

Target ships are to zigzag independently.

207

Target ships are to carry out independent narrow weave.

208

Free to carry out any of the evasive tactics previously mentioned.

209

May make alterations of speed.

210

Use speeds up to and including 10 knots.

211

Use speeds up to and including 18 knots.

212

Speeds in excess of 18 knots may be used.

213

214

}

Spares

215

Screened ships may attack submarines subject to Relaxations in effect.

216

Screened ships shall not attack submarines.

217

218

}

Spares

219

220

Maintain radar policy:

(a)

Silence.

(b)

Intermittent.

(c)

(…...).

3-23

ORIGINAL

NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

MXP-1(D)(NAVY)(AIR)

Table 3-3 Exercise Instruction Tables (Cont’d)

TO MAIN BODY/FORCE SCREENED/TARGETS

EI NO.

MEANING

221

Maintain Sonar Policy:

(a)

Continuous active.

(b)

Intermittent.

(c)

HE listening.

222

Maintain decoy (noisemaker) policy:

(a)

Silence.

(b)

Intermittent.

(c)

Continuous.

223

Follow a course that will bring ships to a point more than (…...) nautical miles from the

starting position of the submarine.

224

At the beginning of the pass, ships are to be at a point more than (…….) nautical miles

from the starting position of the submarine.

225

Follow a course that will bring ships within (…...) miles of the starting position of the

submarine.

226

Target ships with screen to pass within (.…...) yards of submarine position or centre of

submarine area.

227

Target ships open to (…

) miles on completion of each run.

228

Is to coast-crawl (that is, target ships follow the line of the coast as closely as safe

navigation permits).

229

Main body to be formed by (…...) (time).

230

Main body may be simulated.

231

Make initial contact reports to (…….) and amplifying reports, including classification, to

(…….).

232

NOT RELEASABLE

233

299

}

Spares

3-24

ORIGINAL

NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

MXP-1(D)(NAVY)(AIR)

Table 3-3 Exercise Instruction Tables (Cont’d)

TO ESCORTS/SCREENING SHIPS

EI NO.

MEANING

300

Are to use any zigzag plan independently of the force being screened.

NOT RELEASABLE

301

Use a simple zigzag independently.

302

Are to weave independently.

303

Are to carry out independent narrow weave.

304

Spare

305

Ships are not to alter more than 120° from the MLA/Base course to carry out urgent

attacks.

306

Free to carry out any of the above manoeuvres.

307

Alterations of course are not to exceed 30° at intervals of not less than five minutes.

308

Conform to the limitations imposed on the target information.

309

Are to patrol within 400 yards of station (narrow weave) up to four knots in excess of

base speed.

310

Are to patrol within 2,000 yards of station (broad weave) up to eight knots in excess of

base speed.

311

Maintain radar policy:

(a)

Silence.

(b)

Intermittent.

(c)

(…….).

312

Maintain decoy (noise maker) policy:

(a)

Silence.

(b)

Intermittent.

(c)

Continuous.

313

Maintain sonar policy:

(a)

Continuous active.

(b)

Intermittent.

(c)

HE listening.

314

Are not to transmit on long and medium range sonar before Go Time.

315

Conduct sonar deception procedures.

3-25

ORIGINAL

NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

MXP-1(D)(NAVY)(AIR)

Table 3-3 Exercise Instruction Tables (Cont’d)

TO ESCORTS/SCREENING SHIPS

EI NO.

MEANING

316

Maximum duration of unsuccessful investigations (…...) minutes.

317

Make initial contact reports to (…..) and amplifying reports including classification to

(…...).

318

May illuminate contact by (…….) e.g., searchlight/starshell).

319

Practice lost contact procedure.

320

Conduct ASW action while under air attack.

321

Conduct ASW action in a Nuclear Fallout area.

322

Cruising watches are to practice ASW action.

323

May use Signal A2 in marking attacks.

324

Conduct attacks at silent speed. (Applicable Relaxations 7* must be in force.)

325

Screening ship shall not attack submarine.

326

Screening ships may attack submarine subject to Relaxations in force.

327

Only one attack is to be carried out.

328

After (…...) attacks, ASW units withdraw to (…...) miles for (…...) minutes and then

return to datum.

329

Practice "Stand off" attacks without closing the target.

330

NOT RELEASABLE

331

399

}

Spares

3-26

ORIGINAL

NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

MXP-1(D)(NAVY)(AIR)

Table 3-3 Exercise Instruction Tables (Cont’d)

TO FIXED-WING AIRCRAFT

EI NO.

MEANING

400

Dive submarine when at (…...) miles.

401

May carry out simulated attacks subject to provisions in Section 2250.

402

Maximum duration of unsuccessful investigations (…….) minutes.

403

Withdraw outside visual range of submarine.

404

Carry out GAMBIT tactics.

405

Practice ON TOP procedures.

406

Open and close submarine's position. (Pro Sub.)

407

Distance from co-operating ships to be (…...) miles at Go Time or at (…….).

408

Distance from submarine to be (…….) miles at Go Time or at (…….).

409

Make initial contact reports to

(…...), and amplifying reports, including

contact

classification, to (…….).

410

NOT RELEASABLE

411

Conduct only passive localization and tracking (until …...).

412

First attack is to be based on passive sensor information.

413

499

}

Spares

3-27

ORIGINAL

NATO-UNCLASSIFIED

MXP-1(D)(NAVY)(AIR)

Table 3-3 Exercise Instruction Tables (Cont’d)

TO HELICOPTERS

EI NO.

MEANING

500

Maintain sonar contact on the submarine at Go Time.

501

At Go Time, one helicopter is to orbit the submarine and the others to orbit between 5

and 10 miles away.

502

At Go Time, helicopters remain outside 5 miles from the submarine.

503

At Go Time, all helicopters are to be at least 3 times TSR from submarine.

504

Start exercise using Method One. At Go Time, helicopters are at immediate readiness

and are scrambled so as to join the fixed-wing aircraft at datum at Go Time plus (…...)

minutes.

505

Start exercise using Method Two. Helicopters join the ASW ships at Go Time plus 20

minutes and search with them, being detached so as to join the fixed-wing aircraft at

datum at Go Time plus (…...) minutes.

506

Start exercise using Method Three. Helicopters join the ASW ships at Go Time plus 20

minutes and are sent to investigate a false datum. Subsequently, they are ordered to

proceed direct from the false datum so as to join the fixed-wing aircraft at the actual

datum at Go Time plus (…...) minutes.

507

Dive submarine when at (…….) miles.

508

May simulate attack subject to provisions of Section 2250.

509

Track the submarine and home the ASW ships to the datum in conjunction with the

fixed-wing aircraft, which will act as a radio link and carry out ON TOP procedures.

510

Assist surface ships in close ASW action in accordance with current doctrine.

511

Make initial contact reports to (….) and amplifying reports, including classification, to

(…).

512

Maximum duration of unsuccessful investigations (…….) minutes.

513

Medium-range sonar-fitted helicopters are not deliberately to dip or remain in the dip

within 1,000 yards of a submarine.

514

NOT RELEASABLE

515

Helicopters may lower transducers to the maximum depth allowed in the exercise orders

only when accurate sonar search, with the transducer at a depth of 15 metres (50 feet),

has been completed with negative results (see Section 2234).

516

599

}

Spares

3-28

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Table 3-3 Exercise Instruction Tables (Cont’d)

TO ALL PARTICIPANTS

EI NO.

MEANING

600

Time of Order to Dive is time of COMEX.

601

Exercise terminates at FINEX.

602

Termination of exercise will be ordered by:

(a)

OTC

(b)

OCE

(c)

OSE

(d)

OCS

603

Practice weapon firing phase:

(a) Submarine from (…….) to (…….).

(b) ASW ships from (…….) to (…….).

(d) Helicopter from (…….) to (…….).

604

Make attack reports in accordance with current doctrine.

605

Make occasional transmission on radar and/or radio as opportunity permits.

606

Recovery vessel takes station (…….) miles from submarine.

607

Carry out EWX (…….) from (…….).

608

NOT RELEASABLE

609

Designated sonobuoys are not to be dropped in Exercise Stovepipes.

610

699

}

Spares

3-29

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Table 3-4 Depth Tables

These depth tables are designed to allow matching ordered depth with exercise conditions. Depths are

indicated relative to a reference depth (H) which is chosen by the OCE and will be either safe depth,

layer depth, or other selected depth. In all circumstances, the OTC must ensure:

a. That the minimum depth ordered is greater than safe depth, unless the procedure or relaxation in

force permits otherwise.

b. That the maximum depth ordered is less than the maximum operating depth of the submarine.

Table No. 1 (going down, by stages, from reference depth to

a very deep depth; going up by stages)

MINUTE

DEPTH

(metres)

+20

+40

+80

+120

+170

+220

(feet)

+66

+131

+262

+394

+558

+722

MINUTE

100

110

120

DEPTH

(metres)

+140

+90

+60

+30

+10

(feet)

+459

+295

+197

+98

+33

Table No. 2 (going down, then going up, by stages inside a 100 metres

(328 feet) wide layer, under the reference depth)

MINUTE

105

120

DEPTH

(metres)

+20

+40

+60

+100

+70

+50

+10

(feet)

+66

+131

+197

+328

+230

+164

+33

Table No. 3 (oscillations up and down the reference depth, small width)

MINUTE

105

120

DEPTH

(metres)

-20

+50

-10

+30

+60

-20

(feet)

-66

+164

-33

+98

+197

-66

Table No. 4 (large oscillations up and down the reference depth)

MINUTE

100

120

DEPTH

(metres)

-40

+100

-20

+50

+120

-40

(feet)

-131

+328

-66

+164

+394

-131

Table No. 5 (one stage at periscope depth, then deep depth, then going up to

reference depth (convenient for CASEX A.9 and C.5)

MINUTE

100

DEPTH

(metres)

Periscope depth

+150

+50

(feet)

+492

+164

3-30

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Table 3-6 Tracking Exercise Diagrams

Diagram No. 60

CONVERGENCE ZONE TRACKING

THE ZIGZAG MANEUVERS ALLOW THE OPERATORS TO OBSERVE THE

TARGET AS IT PASSES THROUGH THE ANNULUS. THE OPERATOR OBSERVES

CONTACTS OF VARIOUS STRENGTHS, PRACTICES REGAINING SONAR

CONTACT, AND DETERMINES THE WIDTH OF THE CZ ANNULUS. ALSO,

VALUABLE EXPERIENCE IS GAINED IN OBSERVING PHENOMENA WITHIN

ASSOCIATED WITH GAINING AND LOSING CONTACT. THE ZIGZAG

MANOEUVRES WILL PROVIDE PRACTICE IN TEAM CO-ORDINATION

BETWEEN SONAR, CIC, AND THE BRIDGE.

NOTES:

1. BASE COURSE AND SPEED MAY BE ADJUSTED.

2. SUBMARINE MAY BE DIVED AFTER CONTACT

3-44

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Table 3-7 CASEX A Series - Exercises Involving Ships and/or Helicopters

CASEX

PURPOSE

RECOMMENDED

REMARKS

NO.

DURATION

A-1

Basic Tracking Exercise

1-1/2 hrs

A-2

Basic Coordinated Tracking Exercise

2 hrs

A-3

Basic SAU Exercise

2 hrs

A-4

Advanced SAU Exercise

2-1/2 hrs

A-5

Basic Submarine Attack on a Screened or

3 hrs

Unscreened Target

- Counter Attack not

Allowed

A-6

Intermediate Submarine Attack on a Screened or

3-1/2 hrs

Unscreened Target - Counter Attack Allowed

A-7

NOT RELEASABLE

A-8

Defence of an Open Anchorage or Assault Area

5 hrs

A-9

VDS Tracking Exercise Using Safety Zone

2 hrs

Separation

A-10

VDS Tracking Exercise Using a Submarine

Area and Safety Zone

A-11

Sonar Passive Tracking

A-12

Sonar Passive Tracking (multi-ship)

A-13

Passive Tracking Exercise

A-14

Spares

A-20

A-21

Basic Passive Tracking Exercise

A-22

Long-Range Passive Detection and Localization

Exercise

A-23

NOT RELEASABLE

A-24

Intermediate ASW Area Search

3-46

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Table 3-8 CASEX B Series - Exercises Involving ASW Aircraft

CASEX

PURPOSE

RECOMMENDED

REMARKS

NO.

DURATION

B-1

Basic Search, Homing and Attack Exercise

2 hrs

B-2

Basic Localization and Attack Exercise

2 hrs

B-3

Advanced Search, Localization and Attack

4 hrs

Exercise

B-4

Basic ASW Barrier Exercise

12 hrs

B-5

Advanced ASW Barrier Exercise

At least

24 hrs

B-6

Basic Passive Tracking and Attack Exercise

4 hrs

Table 3-9 CASEX C Series - Exercises Involving Multiple Forces

CASEX

PURPOSE

RECOMMENDED

REMARKS

NO.

DURATION

C-1

NOT RELEASABLE

C-2

Basic Coordinated ASW Exercise

3 hrs

C-3

Advanced Coordinated ASW Exercise

3 hrs

or more

C-4

Advanced Coordinated ASW Exercise/

12 hrs

Protection of a Force

or more

C-5

Advanced Coordinated ASW Exercise

12 hrs

Against Transiting/Patrolling Submarines

or more

C-6

VDS Exercise Use Safety Zone Separation

2 hrs

C-7

Defence of Main Body During Opposed

3 hrs

Sortie/ Entry

or more

C-8

NOT RELEASABLE

C-9

ASW Forces Area Search Followed by

5 hours

Submarine Attack on Underway

or more

Replenishment Group

C-10

Coordinated Passive Tracking Exercise by

TAS Units and Aircraft

C-11

Intermediate Coordinated ASW Area Search

C-12

Advanced Coordinated ASW Exercise

(PROWLEX)

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Table 3-10 CASEX D Series

CASEX

PURPOSE

RECOMMENDED

REMARKS

NO.

DURATION

D-1

NOT RELEASABLE

D-2

NOT RELEASABLE

D-3

NOT RELEASABLE

D-4

NOT RELEASABLE

Table 3-11 CASEX E Series - Exercises of a Miscellaneous Nature

CASEX

PURPOSE

RECOMMENDED

REMARKS

NO.

DURATION

E-1

Familiarization Submarine and ASW Units Exercise

As specified

E-2

NOT RELEASABLE

E-3

Mutual Sensor Exercise

1 hr

E-4

ASW Action Against a Bottomed Submarine or

2 hrs

Target

E-5

Exercise in Searching for a Simulated Submarine

3 hrs

Casualty (SMASHEX)

E-6

Coordinated Submarine Rescue Operations

As specified

E-7

Underwater Look Exercise

2 hrs or more

E-8

Depth Charge Exercise

As specified

E-9

Submarine Escape Exercise

As specified

Table 3-12 CASEX F Series - Synthetic Exercises

CASEX

PURPOSE

RECOMMENDED

REMARKS

DURATION

F-1

Train basic ASW procedures (SAU procedures and

3 hrs

Former

close ASW action) when no submarine is available.

SYNTEX 525

F-2

To exercise advanced ASW procedures when no

3 hrs

Former

submarine is available

SYNTEX 522

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CASEX A-1

BASIC TRACKING EXERCISE

PURPOSE

To exercise one ASW ship and/or helicopter in basic submarine tracking and attacking.

FORCES REQUIRED

1. One ship and/or helicopter.

2. One submarine.

SITUATION

1. Submarine is on the surface or at PD with the ship and/or helicopter within 4000 yards, and is

required to dive to a Safe Depth, or

2. Helicopter and submarine are in visual contact.

3. Initially, submarine course, speed and depth are to be restricted.

PROCEDURE

1. Establish communications prior to Go Time.

2. Units station themselves in accordance with Article 2260.

3. Submarine reports "Ready".

4. Unit orders submarine to dive.

5. Submarine reports when at Safe Depth by UWT or SST.

6. Unit initiates COMEX.

7. Carry out ASW action.

8. Unit breaks off attacks five minutes before FINEX.

9. At FINEX, submarine is to be surfaced in accordance with Article 2273 unless relaxations in force

otherwise permit.

SPECIAL PROVISIONS

None.

RECORDS

As required.

3-A1-1 (Reverse Blank)

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CASEX A-2

BASIC COORDINATED TRACKING EXERCISE

PURPOSE

1. To exercise two or more ASW units in:

a. Tracking and attacking a submarine.

b. Inter-unit plotting and reporting procedures.

2. To exercise a submarine in counter-attacking and evading.

FORCES REQUIRED

1. Two or more ASW ships and/or helicopters.

2. One submarine.

SITUATION

1. Submarine is on the surface or at PD with the ships and/or helicopters within 4000 yards, and is

required to dive to a Safe Depth; and/or

2. Helicopters and submarine are in visual and voice contact. Submarine may be on the surface or at

PD.

3. Initially, submarine course, speed and depth are restricted.

PROCEDURE

1. Establish communications prior to Go Time.

2. Units station themselves in accordance with Article 2260.

3. Submarine reports "Ready".

4. OTC/OCS orders submarine to dive or go to Safe Depth.

5. Submarine reports when at Safe Depth by UWT or SST.

6. OTC/OCS initiates COMEX.

7. Carry out ASW action.

8. Units break off attacks five minutes before FINEX.

9. At FINEX submarine is to be surfaced in accordance with Article 2273 unless relaxations in force

otherwise permit.

3-A2-1

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CASEX A-3

BASIC SAU EXERCISE

PURPOSE

1. To exercise two or more ASW units in:

a. Detecting, classifying, tracking and attacking a submarine.

b. Simple SAU procedure.

c. Inter-unit reporting, plotting and control procedures.

2. To exercise a submarine in counter-attacking and evading after detection.

FORCES REQUIRED

1. Two or more ASW units.

2. One submarine.

SITUATION

1. Submarine to remain within 2000 yards of start position until COMEX, unless otherwise directed.

2. Submarine is required to go to a Safe Depth when threatened by ASW ships or helicopters.

3. After COMEX the submarine may be restricted or unrestricted.

4. Start position for ASW units to be 10-15 miles (or as desired) from submarine's start position.

PROCEDURE

1. Units close estimated position of submarine.

2. Submarine goes to Safe Depth in accordance with the Safety Precautions and the relaxations in

force.

3. If the submarine is prematurely forced deep it may return to PD, when safe to do so, provided

COMEX has not been initiated.

4. First unit gaining contact initiates COMEX.

5. Carry out ASW action (see Article 2252, para 1.a.).

6. Submarine remains at Safe Depth until FINEX or Stop Time, depending on relaxations in force.

7. Units break off attacks five minutes before FINEX.

3-A3-1

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CASEX A-4

ADVANCED SAU EXERCISE

PURPOSE

1. To exercise two or more ASW units in:

a. detecting, classifying, tracking and attacking a submarine;

b. advanced SAU procedures; and

c. inter-unit plotting, reporting and control procedures.

2. To exercise submarines in counter-attacking and avoiding detection.

FORCES REQUIRED

1. Two or more ASW units.

2. One submarine.

SITUATION

1. Submarine is to remain within specified Submarine Probability Area until COMEX, then it is

unrestricted.

2. ASW units are to be 15-20 miles (or as desired) from the centre of the Submarine Probability

Area.

PROCEDURE

1. Units close estimated position of submarine.

2. Submarine is to attempt to avoid detection while within the Submarine Probability Area.

3. Submarine goes to Safe Depth in accordance with the Safety Precautions and the relaxations in

force.

4. If the submarine is prematurely forced deep, it may return to PD when safe to do so, provided

COMEX has not been initiated.

5. First unit gaining contact initiates COMEX.

6. Carry out ASW action (see Article 2252.1.a.).

7. Submarine remains at Safe Depth until FINEX or Stop Time depending on relaxations in force.

8. Units break off attacks 5 minutes before FINEX.

3-A4-1

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CASEX A-5

BASIC SUBMARINE ATTACK ON A SCREENED OR UNSCREENED TARGET

(COUNTER-ATTACK NOT ALLOWED)

PURPOSE

1. To exercise submarines in simulated or practice torpedo attacks on screened or unscreened targets

and escorts.

2. To exercise ASW units in detecting submarines attacking or penetrating a screen.

3. To exercise ASW units in the detection of torpedoes and the employment of torpedo

countermeasures.

FORCES REQUIRED

1. One or more ships and, if available, helicopters.

2. One or more submarines.

SITUATION

1. Surface units steer a base course and speed to pass known submarine start position as ordered.

2. As the attack proficiency of the submarine improves, the surface units may be allowed to employ

countermeasures as authorized by the relaxations and Exercise Instructions in force.

3. Submarine may be at any depth in start position.

4. Distance between submarines and surface units for each run, is to be specified by the OCS.

PROCEDURE

1. Units close position of submarine.

2. Submarine makes approach and attack.

3. Submarine goes to Safe Depth in accordance with the safety Precautions and the relaxations in

force.

4. If the submarine is prematurely forced deep, it may return to PD, when safe to do so.

5. If ASW units gain contact, they are not to drop back, alter course to investigate, attack or counter-

attack, or initiate COMEX.

6. Submarine attacks should be signalled.

7. Exercise terminates at Stop Time, or for individual submarines when they surface, whichever is

earlier.

(Surfacing procedure in accordance with Article 2273 is to be carried out at Stop Time unless

all submarines have by then surfaced, or unless relaxations in force permit otherwise.)

3-A5-1

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CASEX A-6

INTERMEDIATE SUBMARINE ATTACK IN A SCREENED OR UNSCREENED TARGET

(COUNTER-ATTACK ALLOWED)

PURPOSE

1. To exercise submarines in attacking an unscreened or screened target and evading detection.

2. To exercise units in detecting, attacking and/or counter-attacking submarines.

FORCES REQUIRED

1. One or more ships, and, if available, helicopters.

2. One or more submarines.

SITUATION

1. Surface units steer a base course to pass within 6000 yards, or as specified by the OCE/OCS, of

the initial position of the submarine or centre of the area, employing countermeasures authorized by

Relaxations and Exercise Instructions.

2. Submarines are to avoid detection and achieve a firing position.

3. The initial distance between surface units and submarines will be at least 15 miles or as specified

by the OCE/OCS.

PROCEDURE

1. Units close estimated position of submarine.

2. Submarine makes approach and attacks.

3. Submarine may remain at PD or go to Safe Depth in accordance with the safety precautions and

relaxations in force.

4. The first unit gaining contact initiated COMEX.

5. Carry out ASW action (see Article 2252.1.a.).

6. Submarine attacks may be signalled.

7. Submarine may remain at Safe Depth or RTPD to counter-attack until FINEX or STOP TIME,

depending on relaxations in force.

8. Units break off attacks five minutes before FINEX.

9. At FINEX or Stop Time, submarine is to be surfaced in accordance with Article 2273 unless

relaxations in force otherwise permit.

3-A6-1

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CASEX A-8

DEFENCE OF AN OPEN ANCHORAGE OR ASSAULT AREA

PURPOSE

1. To exercise ASW units in protecting an exposed anchorage or assault area.

2. To exercise submarines in penetrating a patrol of ASW units and attacking a concentration of

shipping.

3. To exercise participants in conducting inshore operations.

FORCES REQUIRED

1. Two or more target ships, or a reference ship.

2. Two or more ASW ships and/or helicopters.

3. One or more submarines.

SITUATION

1. ASW units defend the designated area while submarines endeavour to penetrate the ASW patrol

and attack shipping or the reference ship.

2. Target ships or reference ship may be at anchor or underway.

PROCEDURE

1. The OSE/OCE designates the area and establishes patrols.

2. At Go Time, or as ordered, the submarine is to dive, remaining in assigned approach sector, and is

to try to penetrate the ASW defence.

3. ASW units defend the area as ordered.

4. Submarines which penetrate the patrol are to indicate simulated torpedo attacks by the appropriate

signals, and avoid detection.

5. First unit gaining contact initiates COMEX.

6. At FINEX or Stop Time, submarine is to be surfaced in accordance with Article 2273, unless

relaxations in force otherwise permit.

SPECIAL PROVISIONS

1. Submarines are to be informed of the limits of the approach sector and may be given information

on the type of patrol used by the ASW units.

3-A8-1

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Military reference books and manuals (2009-2023, Volume 5) - page 2