Standard Specifications for Road, Bridge, and Municipal Construction 2020 (M 41-10)

Page 8-78

Chain Link Fence and Wire Fence

8-12

Chain Link Fence and Wire Fence

8-12.1 Description

This Work consists of furnishing and constructing chain link fence and wire fence of the
types specified in accordance with the Plans, these Specifications, and the

Standard Plans

at the locations shown in the Plans and in conformity with the lines as staked.

Chain link fence shall be of diamond woven wire mesh mounted on steel posts.

Wire fence shall be of barbed wire or barbed wire combined with wire mesh fastened
to posts. Steel posts and steel braces, or wood posts and wood braces may be used,
provided only one type shall be selected for use in any Contract.

Gates shall consist of a steel frame or frames covered with chain link or wire mesh.

8-12.2 Materials

Materials shall meet the requirements of the following sections:
Concrete

6-02

Paint

9-08.1(2)B

Chain Link Fence and Gates

9-16.1

Wire Fence and Gates

9-16.2

Grout

9-20.3

8-12.3

Construction Requirements

Clearing of the fence line will be required. Clearing shall consist of the removal and
disposal of all trees, brush, logs, upturned stumps, roots of down trees, rubbish, and
debris.

For chain link type fences, the clearing width shall be approximately 10 feet. For wire type
fences, the clearing width shall be approximately 3 feet. Grubbing will not be required
except where short and abrupt changes in the ground contour will necessitate removal of
stumps in order to properly grade the fence line. All stumps within the clearing limits shall
be removed or close cut.

Grading of the fence line sufficient to prevent short and abrupt breaks in the ground
contour that will improve the aesthetic appearance of the top of the fencing when
installed shall be required. It is expected that in the performance of this Work, machine
operations will be required for chain link fencing, and handwork will be required for wire
fencing except where sufficient width exists for machine work.

The fence shall be constructed close to and inside the Right of Way line unless otherwise
directed by the Engineer or shown in the Plans. Deviations in alignment to miss obstacles
will be permitted only when approved by the Engineer and only when such deviation will
not be visible to the traveling public or adjacent property owners.

Chain Link Fence and Wire Fence

8-12

8-12.3(1) Chain Link Fence and Gates

8-12.3(1)A Posts

Posts shall be placed in a vertical position and, except where otherwise directed by the
Engineer, shall be spaced at 10-foot centers. Spacing will be measured parallel to the
slope of the ground.

All posts, except line posts, shall be set in concrete to the dimensions shown in the Plans.
All concrete footings shall be crowned so as to shed water. Line posts fences shall be
set in undisturbed earth either by driving or drilling, except as specified. Driving shall be
accomplished in such a manner as not to damage the post. Voids around the post shall be
backfilled with suitable material and thoroughly tamped.

Concrete footings shall be constructed to embed the line posts at grade depressions
where the tension on the fence will tend to pull the post from the ground.

Where solid rock is encountered without an overburden of soil, line posts shall be set
a minimum depth of 14 inches, and end, corner, gate, brace, and pull posts a minimum
of 20 inches into the solid rock. The holes shall have a minimum width 1 inch greater
than the largest dimension of the post section to be set. The posts shall be cut before
installation to lengths that will give the required length of post above ground, or if the
Contractor so elects, an even length of post set at a greater depth into the solid rock may
be used.

Where solid rock is covered by an overburden of soil or loose rock, the posts shall
be set to the full depth shown in the Plans unless penetration into solid rock reaches
the minimum depths specified above, in which case the depth of penetration may be
terminated. Concrete footings shall be constructed from the solid rock to the top of the
ground. After the post is set and plumbed, the hole in the portion of the post in solid rock
shall be filled with Grout Type 4. The grout shall be thoroughly worked into the hole so as
to leave no voids.

Gate and pull posts shall be braced to the adjacent brace, end, or corner post(s) in the
manner shown in the Plans. Changes in line amounting to 2-foot tangent offset or more
between posts shall be considered as corners for all types of fence.

Steep slopes or abrupt topography may require changes in various elements of the fence.
It shall be the responsibility of the Contractor to provide all posts of sufficient length to
accommodate the chain link fabric.

All round posts shall have approved top caps fastened securely to the posts. The base of
the top cap fitting for round posts shall feature an apron around the outside of the posts.

Page 8-80

Chain Link Fence and Wire Fence

8-12.3(1)B Vacant
8-12.3(1)C

Tension Wire

Tension Wires shall be attached to the posts as detailed in the Plans or as approved by
the Engineer.

8-12.3(1)D

Chain Link Fabric

Chain link fabric shall be attached after the cables and wires have been properly
tensioned.

Chain link fabric shall be placed on the face of the post away from the Highway, except
on horizontal curves where it shall be placed on the face on the outside of the curve
unless otherwise directed by the Engineer.

Chain link fabric shall be placed approximately 1 inch above the ground and on a straight
grade between posts by excavating high points of ground. Filling of depressions will be
permitted only upon approval of the Engineer.

The fabric shall be stretched taut and securely fastened to the posts. Fastening to end,
gate, corner, and pull posts shall be with stretcher bars and fabric bands spaced at
intervals of 15 inches or less or by weaving the fabric into the fastening loops of roll
formed posts. Fastening to posts shall be with tie wire, metal bands, or other approved
method attached at 14-inch intervals. The top and bottom edge of the fabric shall be
fastened with hog rings to the top and bottom tension wires as may be applicable, spaced
at 24-inch intervals.

Rolls of wire fabric shall be joined by weaving a single strand into the ends of the rolls to
form a continuous mesh.

8-12.3(1)E

Chain Link Gates

Chain link fabric shall be fastened to the end bars of the gate frame by stretcher bars
and fabric bands and to the top and bottom bars of the gate frames by tie wires in the
same manner as specified for the chain link fence fabric, or by other standard methods if
approved by the Engineer.

Welded connections on gate frames where the galvanized coating has been burned shall
be thoroughly cleaned by wire brushing and all traces of the welding flux and loose or
cracked galvanizing removed. The clean areas shall then be painted with two coats of
paint, conforming to

Section 9-08.1(2)B

Chain Link Fence and Wire Fence

8-12

8-12.3(2) Wire Fence and Gates

8-12.3(2)A Posts

Line posts shall be spaced at intervals not to exceed 14 feet. All intervals shall be
measured center to center of posts. In general, in determining the spacing of posts,
measurements will be made parallel to the slope of the existing ground, and all posts shall
be placed in a vertical position except where otherwise directed by the Engineer.

Line posts may be driven in place provided the method of driving does not damage the
post. Steel corner, gate, and pull posts shall be set in concrete footings to the dimensions
shown in the Plans and crowned at the top to shed water.

Concrete footings shall be constructed to embed the lower part of steel line posts, and
wood anchors shall be placed on wood posts at grade depressions wherever the tension
on the line wires will tend to pull the post from the ground. The concrete footings shall be
3 feet deep by 12 inches in diameter and crowned at the top.

Where solid rock is encountered without an overburden of soil, line posts shall be set a
minimum depth of 14 inches and end, corner, gate, and pull posts a minimum depth of
20 inches into the solid rock. The hole shall have a minimum dimension 1 inch greater
than the largest dimension of the post section to be set. The posts shall be cut before
installation to lengths that will give 4½ feet of post above ground, or if the Contractor so
elects, 6-foot posts set 18 inches into the solid rock may be used.

After the post is set and plumbed, the hole shall be filled with Grout Type 4. The grout
shall be thoroughly worked into the hole so as to leave no voids. The grout shall be
crowned to carry water away from the post. Where posts are set in the above manner,
anchor plates and concrete footings will not be required.

Where solid rock is covered by an overburden of soil or loose rock, the posts shall be set
to the full depth of 2½ feet unless the penetration into solid rock reaches the minimum
depths specified above, in which case the depth of penetration may be terminated. When
the depth of the overburden is greater than 12 inches, anchor plates will be required
on the steel line posts, and concrete footings shall be constructed from the solid rock
to the top of the ground on steel end, gate, corner, and pull posts. When the depth of
overburden is 12 inches or less, anchor plates and concrete footings will not be required.
After the post is set and plumbed, the hole in the portion of the post in solid rock shall be
filled with Grout Type 4. The grout shall be thoroughly worked into the hole so as to leave
no voids.

Steel braces shall be anchored to soil or loose rock with a commercial concrete footing
not less than 18 inches on any one side and set in solid rock to a minimum depth of
10 inches in the same manner as specified above for posts. The braces shall be set on the
diagonal as shown in the Plans and connected to the post with an approved connection.

Wood braces shall be dapped ¼ inch into the posts and shall be fastened to each post
with three 20d galvanized nails.

Page 8-82

Chain Link Fence and Wire Fence

Wire braces shall consist of a 9-gage wire passed around the wood posts to form a double
wire. The wire shall be fastened to each post with two staples and fastened together
to form a continuous wire. The wires shall then be twisted together until the wire is
in tension.

Where the new fence joins an existing fence, the two shall be attached in a manner
satisfactory to the Engineer, and end or corner posts shall be set as necessary.

Changes in alignment of 30 degrees or more shall be considered as corners, and corner
posts shall be installed. Where it is deemed by the Engineer that a change in alignment of
less than 30 degrees will materially lessen the strength of the fence, the line post at the
angle shall be supported by the addition of braces or wires in a manner satisfactory to
the Engineer.

8-12.3(2)B

Barbed Wire and Wire Mesh

After the pull posts have been placed and securely braced, the barbed wire and mesh
shall be pulled taut to the satisfaction of the Engineer, and each longitudinal wire shall be
cut and securely fastened to the pull post with devices customarily used for the purpose.
Wire or mesh shall not be carried past a pull post, but shall be cut and fastened to the pull
post independently for the adjacent spans.

After the tensioning of the wire or mesh between two pull posts, all longitudinal wires
shall be properly fastened at proper height to each intervening line post.

Wire mesh and barbed wire shall be placed on the face of the post which is away from the
highway, except that on horizontal curves, the mesh and wires shall be fastened to the
face on the outside of the curve unless otherwise directed by the Engineer.

Where unusual ground depressions occur between posts, the fence shall be guyed to the
ground by means of a 9-gage galvanized wire attached to a deadman of approximately
100 pounds buried 2 feet in the ground. The guy wire shall be securely attached to
each strand of barbed wire and to the top and bottom wires of the wire mesh fabric in
a manner to maintain the entire fence in its normal shape. If necessary to guy the fence
in solid rock, the guy wire shall be grouted in a hole 2 inches in diameter and 10 inches
deep. The operation of guying shall leave the fence snug with the ground.

8-12.3(2)C

Vertical Cinch Stays

Vertical cinch stays shall be installed midway between posts on both types of fence. The
wire shall be twisted in such a manner as to permit weaving into the horizontal fence
wires to provide rigid spacing. All barbed wires and the top, middle, and bottom wire of
the wire mesh shall be woven into the stay.

Chain Link Fence and Wire Fence

8-12

8-12.3(2)D

Wire Gates

The wire mesh fabric shall be taut and securely tied to the frame and stays in accordance
with recognized standard practice for wire gate construction.

Welded connections on gate frames shall be treated as specified for chain link
fence gates.

The drop bar locking device for double wire gates shall be provided with a footing of
commercial concrete 12 inches in diameter and 12 inches deep, crowned on top and
provided with a hole to receive the locking bar. The diameter and depth of the hole in the
footing shall be as specified by the manufacturer of the locking device.

8-12.3(2)E

Access Control Gate

Access control gates shall be placed to line and grade as shown in the Plans or as staked.
After the posts have been set, the holes shall be backfilled. The postholes shall be of
sufficient dimension to allow placement and thorough compaction of selected backfill
material completely around the post. Selected backfill material shall consist of earth
or fine sandy gravel, free from organic matter, with no individual particles exceeding
1½ inches in diameter.

8-12.4 Measurement

Chain link fence and wire fence will be measured by the linear foot of completed fence,
along the ground line, exclusive of openings.

End, gate, corner, and pull posts for chain link fence will be measured per each for the
posts furnished and installed complete in place.

Gates will be measured by the unit for each type of gate furnished and installed.

Access control gates will be measured per each.

8-12.5 Payment

Payment will be made for each of the following Bid items that are included in the
Proposal:

“Chain Link Fence Type ____”, per linear foot.
The unit Contract price per linear foot for “Chain Link Fence Type ___” shall be full
payment for all costs for the specified Work including brace post installation and
all other requirements of

Section 8-12

for Chain Link Fence, unless covered in a

separate Bid Item in this section.
Payment for clearing of fence line for “Chain Link Fence Type ____” shall be in
accordance with

Section 2-01.5

“End, Gate, Corner, and Pull Post for Chain Link Fence”, per each.
The unit Contract price per each for “End, Gate, Corner, and Pull Post for Chain Link
Fence” shall be full payment for all costs for the specified Work.

Page 8-84

Chain Link Fence and Wire Fence

“Double 14 Ft. Chain Link Gate”, per each.
“Double 20 Ft. Chain Link Gate”, per each.
“Single 6 Ft. Chain Link Gate”, per each.
The unit Contract price per each for “Double 14 Ft. Chain Link Gate”, “Double 20 Ft.
Chain Link Gate”, and “Single 6 Ft. Chain Link Gate”, shall be full payment for all costs
for the specified Work.
“Wire Fence Type ____”, per linear foot.
The unit Contract price per each for “Wire Fence Type ____” shall be full payment for
all costs for the specified Work including payment for clearing of the fence line.
“Single Wire Gate 14 Ft. Wide”, per each.
“Double Wire Gate 20 Ft. Wide”, per each.
The unit contract price per each for “Single Wire Gate 14 Ft. Wide” and “Double
Wire Gate 20 Ft. Wide” shall be full payment for all costs for the specified Work.
“Access Control Gate”, per each.
The unit contract price per each for “Access Control Gate” shall be full payment for
all costs to perform the specified work.

Monument Cases

8-13

Monument Cases

8-13.1 Description

This Work consists of furnishing and placing monument cases and covers, in accordance
with the

Standard Plans

and these Specifications, in conformity with the lines and

locations shown in the Plans or as staked.

8-13.2 Materials

Materials shall meet the requirements of the following sections:
Concrete

6-02

Monument Cases and Covers

9-22.1

8-13.3

Construction Requirements

The concrete base shall be placed on a well compacted foundation. The placing of
the monument case and base shall be performed in a manner that will not disturb the
monument.

The monument case shall be installed by the Contractor after the final course of surfacing
has been placed. After the monument case has been in place for a minimum of 3 days, the
Roadway surface shall be patched in a workmanlike manner.

When the monument case and cover are placed in cement concrete pavement, the
concrete base will not be required.

The monument will be furnished and set by the Engineer.

8-13.4 Measurement

Measurement of monument case and cover will be by the unit for each monument case
and cover furnished and set.

8-13.5 Payment

Payment will be made for the following Bid item when included in the Proposal:

“Monument Case and Cover”, per each.

Page 8-86

Cement Concrete Sidewalks

8-14

Cement Concrete Sidewalks

8-14.1 Description

This Work consists of constructing cement concrete sidewalks in accordance with details
shown in the Plans and these Specifications and in conformity to lines and grades shown
in the Plans or as established by the Engineer.

8-14.2 Materials

Materials shall meet the requirements of the following sections:
Cement

9-01

Aggregates

9-03

Premolded Joint Filler

9-04.1

Concrete Curing Materials and Admixtures

9-23

The Contractor shall use one of the detectable warning surface products listed in the
Qualified Products List or seek approval through the WSDOT Request for Approval of
Material process. The detectable warning surface shall have the truncated dome shape
shown in the Plans. The minimum 2-foot-wide detectable warning surface area shall be
yellow and shall match SAE AMS Standard 595, color number 33538. When painting a
detectable warning surface is required, such as on a steel detectable warning surface, the
yellow paint shall conform to

Section 9-08.1(8)

and shall match SAE AMS Standard 595,

color number 33538.

8-14.3

Construction Requirements

The concrete in the sidewalks and curb ramps shall be air entrained concrete Class
3000 in accordance with the requirements of

Section 6-02

8-14.3(1) Excavation

Excavation shall be made to the required depth and to a width that will permit the
installation and bracing of the forms. The foundation shall be shaped and compacted to
a firm even surface conforming to the section shown in the Plans. All soft and yielding
material shall be removed and replaced with acceptable material.

8-14.3(2) Forms

Forms shall be of wood or metal and shall extend for the full depth of the concrete. All
forms shall be straight, free from warp, and of sufficient strength to resist the pressure of
the concrete without springing. Bracing and staking of forms shall be such that the forms
remain in both horizontal and vertical alignment until their removal. After the forms have
been set to line and grade, the foundation shall be brought to the grade required and
thoroughly wetted approximately 12 hours before placing the concrete.

Cement Concrete Sidewalks

8-14

8-14.3(3) Placing and Finishing Concrete

The concrete shall be placed in the forms and struck off with an approved straightedge.
As soon as the surface can be worked, it shall be troweled smooth with a steel trowel.

After troweling and before installing the contraction joints or perimeter edging, the
walking surfaces of the sidewalk and curb ramps shall be brushed in a transverse direction
with a stiff bristled broom as shown in the Plans.

Expansion and contraction joints shall be constructed as shown in the Plans. When the
sidewalk abuts a cement concrete curb or curb and gutter, the expansion joints in the
sidewalk shall have the same spacing as the curb. The expansion joint shall be filled to full
cross-section of the sidewalk with ⅜ inch premolded joint filler.

Curb ramps shall be of the type specified in the Plans and shall include the detectable
warning surface.

8-14.3(4) Curing

Concrete sidewalks shall be cured for at least 72 hours. Curing shall be by means of moist
burlap or quilted blankets or other approved methods. During the curing period, all traffic,
both pedestrian and vehicular, shall be excluded. Vehicular traffic shall be excluded for
such additional time as the Engineer may specify.

8-14.3(5) Detectable Warning Surface

The detectable warning surface shall be located as shown in the Plans. Placement
of the detectable warning surface shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s
recommendation for placement in fresh concrete, before the concrete has reached initial
set, or on a hardened cement concrete surface or asphalt pavement surface.

Vertical edges of the detectable warning surface shall be flush with the adjoining surface
to the extent possible (not more than ¼ inch above the surface of the pavement) after
installation.

Embossing or stamping the wet concrete to achieve the truncated dome pattern or using
a mold into which a catalyst-hardened material is applied shall not be allowed.

8-14.4 Measurement

Cement concrete sidewalks will be measured by the square yard of finished surface and
will not include the surface area of the curb ramps.

Cement concrete curb ramp type ______ will be measured per each for the complete curb
ramp type installed and includes the installation of the detectable warning surface.

Detectable warning surfaces will be measured by the square foot of detectable warning
surface material installed as shown in the Plans.

Page 8-88

Cement Concrete Sidewalks

8-14.5 Payment

Payment will be made for the following Bid items when included in the Proposal:

“Cement Conc. Sidewalk”, per square yard.
“Cement Conc. Sidewalk with Raised Edge”, per square yard.
“Monolithic Cement Conc. Curb and Sidewalk”, per square yard.
“Cement Conc. Curb Ramp Type ___”, per each
The unit Contract price per each for “Cement Conc. Curb Ramp Type____” shall be
full pay for installing the curb ramp as specified, including the “Detectable Warning
Surface”.
Payment for excavation of material not related to the construction of the sidewalk
but necessary before the sidewalk can be placed, when and if shown in the Plans,
will be made in accordance with the provisions of

Section 2-03

. Otherwise, the

Contractor shall make all excavations including haul and disposal, regardless of the
depth required for constructing the sidewalk and curb ramps to the lines and grades
shown, and shall include all costs thereof in the unit Contract price per square
yard for “Cement Conc. Sidewalk”, “Cement Conc. Sidewalk with Raised Edge”,
“Monolithic Cement Conc. Curb and Sidewalk”, or the unit contract price per each for
“Cement Conc. Curb Ramp Type ___”.
“Detectable Warning Surface”, per square foot.

Riprap 8-15

8-15 Riprap

8-15.1 Description

This Work consists of furnishing and placing riprap protection of the type specified at
the locations and in conformity with the lines and dimensions shown in the Plans or
established by the Engineer.

Riprap will be classified as heavy loose riprap, light loose riprap, and hand placed riprap.

8-15.2 Materials

Materials shall meet the requirements of the following sections:

Filter Blanket ____ (shall meet the gradation
requirements for Permeable Ballast)

9-03.9(2)

Gravel Backfill for Drains

Heavy Loose Riprap

Light Loose Riprap

Hand Placed Riprap

Quarry Spalls

8-15.3

Construction Requirements

8-15.3(1) Excavation for Riprap

The foundation for riprap shall be excavated below probable scour or to the elevation
shown in the Plans, and no stone shall be laid or concrete placed until the footing is
approved by the Engineer. Excavation below the level of the intersection of the slope
to be protected and the adjacent original ground or the channel floor or slope shall be
classified, measured, and paid for as channel excavation or ditch excavation in accordance
with

Section 2-03

. All excavation or backfill above the level of the above described

intersection and all dressing of the slope to be protected shall be included in the Contract
price for the class of riprap to be placed. Before placing riprap, the slopes shall be dressed
to the lines and grades as staked.

8-15.3(2) Loose Riprap

Loose riprap shall be placed in such a manner that all relatively large stones shall be
essentially in contact with each other, and all voids filled with the finer materials to
provide a well graded compact mass. The stone shall be dumped on the slope in a manner
that will ensure the riprap attains its specified thickness in one operation. When dumping
or placing, care shall be used to avoid disturbing the underlying material. Placing in layers
parallel to the slope will not be permitted. A 12-inch tolerance for loose riprap will be
allowed from slope plane and grade line in the finished surface.

Page 8-90

8-15.3(3) Hand Placed Riprap

The stones shall be laid by hand on prepared slopes to such thickness as may be ordered
by the Engineer. The riprap shall be started at the toe of the embankment by digging a
trench and placing a course of the largest stones therein. Each stone shall be placed so
that it shall rest on the slope of the embankment and not wholly on the stone below, and
it shall be thoroughly tamped or driven into place. The exposed face of all hand placed
riprap shall be made as smooth as the shape and size of the stones will permit and shall
not vary more than 3 inches from a plane surface on the required slope.

8-15.3(4) Vacant

8-15.3(5) Vacant

8-15.3(6) Quarry Spalls

Quarry spalls shall be placed in ditches and on slopes to be protected, in accordance
with the Plans or as staked by the Engineer. After placement, the quarry spalls shall be
compacted to be uniformly dense and unyielding.

8-15.3(7) Filter Blanket

When required, a filter blanket shall be placed on the prepared slope or area to the
full thickness specified in the Plans using methods which will not cause segregation of
particle sizes within the bedding. The surface of the finished layer shall be even and free
from mounds or windrows. Additional layers of filter material, when required, shall be
placed using methods that will not cause mixing of the materials in the different layers.

8-15.4 Measurement

Loose riprap will be measured by the ton or per cubic yard of riprap actually placed.

Hand placed riprap will be measured by the cubic yard of riprap actually placed.

Filter blanket will be measured by the ton or cubic yard of filter blanket actually placed.

Quarry spalls will be measured by the ton or per cubic yard of spalls actually placed.

Channel excavation will be measured by the cubic yard as specified in

Section 2-03

Ditch excavation will be measured by the cubic yard as specified in

Section 2-03

Excavation for toe walls and trenches will be measured by the cubic yard as ditch
excavation in accordance with the provisions of

Section 2-03

Riprap 8-15

8-15.5 Payment

Payment will be made for each of the following Bid items that are included in the
Proposal:

“Heavy Loose Riprap”, per ton or per cubic yard.
“Light Loose Riprap”, per ton or per cubic yard.
“Hand Placed Riprap”, per cubic yard.
The unit Contract price per ton or per cubic yard for the class or kind of riprap
specified above shall be full pay for furnishing all labor, tools, equipment, and
materials required to construct the riprap protection, except for excavation. When
it is necessary to dump and sort individual loads, payment will be made only for that
portion accepted by the Engineer.
“Quarry Spalls”, per ton or per cubic yard.
The unit Contract price per ton or per cubic yard for “Quarry Spalls” shall be full pay
for all costs in furnishing, placing, and compacting spalls.
“Ditch Excavation”, per cubic yard.
“Filter Blanket”, per cubic yard or per ton.
The unit price for “Filter Blanket” shall be full payment for all costs incurred to
perform the work in

Section 8-15.3(7)

“Channel Excavation”, per cubic yard.
“Channel Excavation Incl. Haul”, per cubic yard.
“Ditch Excavation Incl. Haul”, per cubic yard.
“Payment for “Channel Excavation”, “Channel Excavation Incl. Haul”, “Ditch
Excavation” and “Ditch Excavation Incl. Haul” is described in

Section 2-03.5

Page 8-92

Concrete Slope Protection

8-16

Concrete Slope Protection

8-16.1 Description

This Work consists of constructing concrete slope protection, in accordance with these
Specifications and the details shown in the Plans, at the locations and in conformity with
the lines, grades, and dimensions as staked.

Concrete slope protection shall consist of reinforced cement concrete poured or
pneumatically placed upon the slope with a rustication joint pattern or semi-open
concrete masonry units placed upon the slope closely adjoining each other.

8-16.2 Materials

Materials shall meet the requirements of the following sections:

Commercial Concrete

6-02.3(2)B

Concrete Slope Protection

9-13.5

Semi-Open Concrete Masonry Units Slope Protection

9-13.5(1)

Poured Portland Cement or Blended Hydraulic Cement
Concrete Slope Protection

9-13.5(2)

Pneumatically Placed Portland Cement or Blended Hydraulic
Cement Concrete Slope Protection

9-13.5(3)

8-16.3

Construction Requirements

8-16.3(1) Footing and Preparation of Slope

The footing for the slope protection shall be constructed in accordance with Sections

2-09

and

6-02

The construction of the footing will be incidental to the slope protection, and no separate
measurement or payment will be made.

The surface on which application is to be made shall be thoroughly compacted and neatly
trimmed to line and grade as necessary to conform to the detail in the Plans.

8-16.3(2) Placing Semi-Open Concrete Masonry Units

The concrete masonry units shall be placed in a uniform plane and in such a manner that
they rest firmly and evenly against the slope with no rocking. The concrete masonry units
shall be placed in horizontal parallel courses, and successive courses shall break joints
with the preceding course to form a running bond.

Concrete Slope Protection

8-16

8-16.3(3) Poured in Place Cement Concrete

The wire mesh shall lap a minimum of one mesh spacing, and laps shall be securely
fastened at the ends. During the placement of the concrete, the reinforcement shall be
held so as to provide a minimum of 1¼ inch of cover.

Where commercial concrete is to be placed upon the slope, the method of depositing and
compacting shall result in a compact, dense, and impervious concrete which will show a
uniform plane surface.

The newly constructed concrete shall be finished by means of a wood float and shall be
striated with a rustication joint as shown in the Plans.

Curing shall be performed in accordance with

Section 5-05.3(13)

8-16.3(4) Pneumatically Placed Concrete

Workers – Only workers experienced in pneumatically placed concrete shall be employed;
and satisfactory evidence of such experience shall be furnished when requested by
the Engineer.

Equipment – The Contractor shall furnish the Engineer with two copies of the
manufacturer’s Specifications and operating instructions for the equipment used. Before
placement of any portion of the slope protection, the type of equipment and method of
operation shall be approved by the Engineer.

Proportions of Materials – The sand/cement ratio shall be 4½ parts sand to one part
cement based on loose dry volume.

Water shall be maintained at a constant pressure that shall be at least 15 psi above
atmospheric pressure at the nozzle. For lengths of hose up to 100 feet, pneumatic
pressure at the gun shall be 45 psi or greater. Pressure shall be increased 5 psi for each
additional 5 feet of hose required. A steady pressure shall be maintained.

Method of Application – Portland cement and sand shall be mixed dry, passed through a
cement gun and conveyed by air through a flexible tube, hydrated at a nozzle at the end
of the flexible tube, and deposited in place by air pressure.

All surfaces are to be wetted, but application shall not be made on any surface on which
free water exists.

Reinforcement – The wire mesh shall lap a minimum of one mesh spacing, and laps
shall be securely fastened at the ends. During the placement of the concrete, the
reinforcement shall be held so as to provide a minimum of 1¾ inch of cover at the recess.

Finishing – The newly constructed concrete shall be finished by means of a wood float
and shall be striated with a rustication joint as shown in the Plans.

Curing – Curing shall be in accordance with

Section 5-05.3(13)

Standard Specifications for Road, Bridge, and Municipal Construction 2020 (M 41-10) - page 77