Standard Specifications for Road, Bridge, and Municipal Construction 2020 (M 41-10)

Premolded joint filler for use in contraction and longitudinal joints shall be ⅛ inch in
thickness and shall consist of a suitable asphalt mastic encased in asphalt saturated
paper or asphalt saturated felt. It shall be sufficiently rigid for easy installation in summer
months and not too brittle for handling in cool weather. It shall meet the following
test requirements:

When a strip 2 inches wide and 24 inches long is freely supported 2 inches from
each end and maintained at a temperature of 70°F, it shall support a weight of
100 grams placed at the center of the strip without deflecting downward from a
horizontal position more than 2 inches within a period of 5 minutes.

9-04.1(2) Premolded Joint Filler for Expansion Joints

Premolded joint filler for use in expansion (through) joints shall conform to either
AASHTO M213 Specifications for “Preformed Expansion Joint Fillers for Concrete Paving
and Structural Construction”, except that the requirement for water absorption is deleted,
or ASTM D7174 Specifications for “Preformed Closed-Cell Polyolefin Expansion Joint
Fillers for Concrete Paving and Structural Construction”.

As an alternative to the above, a semi-rigid, non-extruding, resilient type, closed-cell
polypropylene foam, preformed joint filler with the following physical properties as tested
to ASTM D545 Standard Test Methods may be used.

Closed-Cell Polypropylene Foam Preformed Joint Filler

Physical Property

Requirement

Test Method

Water Absorption

< 1.0%

ASTM D545

Compression Recovery

> 80%

ASTM D545

Extrusion

< 0.1 in.

ASTM D545

Density

> 3.5 lbs./cu.ft.

ASTM D545

Water Boil (1 hr.)

No expansion

ASTM D545

Hydrochloric Acid Boil (1 hr.)

No disintegration

ASTM D545

Heat Resistance °F

392˚F± 5˚F

ASTM D545

9-04.1(3) Vacant

9-04.1(4) Elastomeric Expansion Joint Seals

Premolded elastomeric expansion joint seals shall conform to the requirements of
ASTM D2628 and shall be formed by an extrusion process with uniform dimensions and
smooth exterior surfaces. The cross-section of the seal shall be shaped to allow adequate
compressed width of the seal, as approved by the Engineer.

Page 9-42

Joint and Crack Sealing Materials

9-04.2

Joint Sealants

9-04.2(1) Hot Poured Joint Sealants

9-04.2(1)A

Hot Poured Sealant

Hot poured sealant shall be sampled in accordance with ASTM D5167 and tested in
accordance with ASTM D5329.

9-04.2(1)A1 Hot Poured Sealant for Cement Concrete Pavement

Hot poured sealant for cement concrete pavement shall meet the requirements of ASTM
D6690 Type IV, except for the following:
1. The Cone Penetration at 25°C shall be 130 maximum.
2. The extension for the Bond, non-immersed, shall be 100 percent.

Hot poured sealant for cement concrete pavement is acceptable for installations in joints
where cement concrete pavement abuts a bituminous pavement.

9-04.2(1)A2 Hot Poured Sealant for Bituminous Pavement

Hot poured sealant for bituminous pavement shall meet the requirements of ASTM
D6690 Type I or Type II.

Hot poured sealant for bituminous pavement is acceptable for installations in joints where
cement concrete pavement abuts a bituminous pavement.

9-04.2(1)B

Sand Slurry for Bituminous Pavement

Sand slurry is mixture consisting of the following components measured by total weight:
1.  Twenty percent CSS-1 emulsified asphalt,
2.  Two percent portland cement or blended hydraulic cement, and
3.  Seventy-eight percent fine aggregate meeting the requirements of

Section

9-03.1(2)B

Class 2. Fine aggregate may be damp (no free water).

9-04.2(2) Poured Rubber Joint Sealer

The physical properties of the joint sealer, when mixed in accordance with the
manufacturer’s recommendations, shall be as follows:
1. Color: Gray or black.
2.

Viscosity: Must be pourable and self-leveling at 50ºF.

Application Life: Not less than 3 hours at 72ºF and 50 percent relative humidity.

4.  Set to Touch: Not more than 24 hours at 72ºF and 50 percent relative humidity.
5.  Curing Time: Not more than 96 hours at 72ºF and 50 percent relative humidity.
6.  Non-Volatile Content: Not less than 92 percent.

Joint and Crack Sealing Materials

9-04

7.  Hardness Rating (Durometer “Shore A”): 5-35.
8.  Resiliency: Not less than 80 percent.
9.  Bond test methods shall be in accordance with ASTM D5329.

Viscosity and application life may be waived providing the material is mixed and

placed by a pump and mixer approved by the Engineer.

Suitable primer, if required by the manufacturer, shall be furnished with each joint
sealer. The primer shall be suitable for brush or spray application at 50ºF or higher
and shall cure sufficiently at 50ºF to pour the joint within 24 hours. It shall be
considered as an integral part of the sealer system. Any failure of the sealer in the
test described herein, attributable to the primer, shall be grounds for rejection or re-
testing of the sealer.

9-04.2(3) Polyurethane Sealant

Polyurethane sealant shall conform to ASTM C920 Type S Grade NS Class 25 Use M or
ASTM C920 Type S Grade NS Class 35 Use M.

Polyurethane sealant shall be compatible with the closed cell foam backer rod. When
required, compatibility characteristics of sealants in contact with backer rods shall be
determined by Test Method ASTM C1087.

9-04.2(3)A

Closed Cell Foam Backer Rod

Closed cell foam backer rod for use with polyurethane sealant shall conform to ASTM
C1330 Type C.

9-04.3

Joint Mortar

Mortar for hand mortared joints shall conform to

Section 9-20.4(3)

and consist of one

part portland cement or blended hydraulic cement, three parts fine sand, and sufficient
water to allow proper workability.

Cement shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 85, Type I or Type II.

Sand shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 45.

Water shall conform to the requirements of

Section 9-25.1

9-04.4

Pipe Joint Gaskets

9-04.4(1) Rubber Gaskets for Concrete Pipes and Precast Manholes

Rubber gaskets for use in joints of concrete culvert or storm sewer pipe and precast
manhole sections shall conform to the equirements of ASTM C443. Standard gaskets
meeting the dimensions, tolerances, and physical requirements of ASTM C1619, Class
C shall be used unless the plans require oil resistant gaskets meeting the dimensions,
tolerances, and physical requirements of ASTM C1619, Class D.

Page 9-44

Joint and Crack Sealing Materials

9-04.4(2) Vacant

9-04.4(3) Gaskets for Aluminum or Steel Culvert or Storm Sewer Pipe

Rubber gaskets for use with metal culvert or storm sewer pipe shall be continuous closed
cell, synthetic expanded rubber gaskets conforming to the requirements of ASTM D1056,
Grade 2B3. Butyl rubber gaskets for use with metal culvert or storm sewer pipe shall
conform to the applicable requirements of ASTM C990.

9-04.4(4) Rubber Gaskets for Aluminum or Steel Drain Pipe

Gaskets for metal drain pipe shall be self-adhering, butyl-based, scrim-supported type.
The gaskets shall be as described in the Standard Plan when specified.

9-04.4(5) Protection and Storage

Rubber gasket material shall be stored in a clean, cool place, protected from sunlight
and contaminants. They shall be protected from direct sunlight at all times except during
actual installation. Pipes with gaskets affixed shall be installed in the line within 28 days.

9-04.5

Flexible Plastic Gaskets

The gasket material shall be produced from blends of refined hydrocarbon resins and
plasticizing materials reinforced with inert mineral filler and shall contain no solvents.
It shall not depend on oxidizing, evaporating, or chemical action for adhesive or cohesive
strength. It shall be supplied in extruded rope form of such cross section and size as
to adequately fill spaces between the precast sections.

The gasket material shall be protected by a suitable removable two-piece wrapper so
designed as to permit removing one half, longitudinally, without disturbing the other.
Its composition and properties shall conform to those set forth below.

Test Method

Minimum

Maximum

Bitumen (Petroleum plastic content)

ASTM D4

Ash-inert Mineral Matter

AASHTO T 11

Penetration

ASTM D217

32ºF (300gm) 60 sec

77ºF (150gm) 5 sec

120

115ºF (150gm) 5 sec

150

Softening Point

AASHTO T 53

320ºF

Specific Gravity at 77ºF

ASTM D71

1.20

1.35

Weight per gallon, lb

10.0

11.3

Ductility at 77ºF (cm)

ASTM D113

5.0

Flash Point COC, F

ASTM D93 REV A

600

Fire Point COC, F

AASHTO T 48

625

Volatile Matter

ASTM D6

2.0

Joint and Crack Sealing Materials

9-04

9-04.6

Expanded Polystyrene

Expanded polystyrene shall be of a cellular molded type with a density of 1.5 plus or
minus 0.25 pounds per cubic foot.

9-04.7

Expanded Rubber

Closed cell expanded rubber joint filler shall conform to ASTM D1056, Grade No. 2B3.

9-04.8

Flexible Elastomeric Seals

Flexible elastomeric seals for PVC drain pipe and underdrain pipe shall conform to the
requirements of ASTM D3212.

9-04.9

Solvent Cements

Solvent cements for PVC underdrain pipe shall conform to the requirements of
ASTM D2564.

9-04.10

Butyl Rubber and Nitrile Rubber

Butyl rubber shall conform to ASTM D2000, M1 BA 610. If the Engineer determines that
the area will be exposed to petroleum products, Nitrile rubber shall be used and shall
conform to ASTM D2000, M1 BG 610.

9-04.11

Butyl Rubber Sealant

Butyl rubber sealant shall conform to ASTM C990.

9-04.12

External Sealing Band

External sealing band shall be Type III B conforming to ASTM C877.

Page 9-46

Drainage Structures and Culverts

9-05

Drainage Structures and Culverts

9-05.0

Acceptance and Approval of Drainage Structures, and Culverts

The Drainage Structure or Culvert may be selected from the Qualified Products List,
or submitted using a Request for Approval of Materials (RAM) in accordance with

Section 1-06

Certain drainage materials may be accepted by the Engineer based on a modified
acceptance criteria when materials are selected from the Qualified Products List (QPL).
The modified acceptance criteria are defined in the QPL for each material.

9-05.1

Drain Pipe

9-05.1(1) Concrete Drain Pipe

Concrete drain pipe shall meet the requirements of ASTM C118, heavy-duty drainage
pipe.

9-05.1(2) Zinc Coated (Galvanized) or Aluminum Coated (Aluminized)

Corrugated Iron or Steel Drain Pipe

Zinc coated (galvanized) or aluminum coated (aluminized Type 2) corrugated iron or steel
drain pipe shall meet the requirements of AASHTO M36. The steel sheet thickness shall
be 0.064 inch for 6-inch diameter and larger drain pipe. Zinc coated steel shall meet the
material requirements of AASHTO M218 (ASTM A929). Aluminum coated steel shall meet
the material requirements of AASHTO M274 (ASTM A929).

9-05.1(2)A

Coupling Bands

Coupling bands for zinc coated (galvanized) or aluminum coated (aluminized) corrugated
iron or steel drain pipe shall meet the requirements of coupling bands for Type I pipe of
AASHTO M36, except that bands using projections (dimples) shall not be permitted. The
bands shall be fabricated of the same material as the pipe, and with the same metallic
protective treatment as the pipe.

Acceptable coupling bands are the two piece helically corrugated band with nonreformed
ends and integrally formed flanges and those bands meeting the requirements of

Section 9-05.4(7)

Drainage Structures and Culverts

9-05

9-05.1(3) Corrugated Aluminum Alloy Drain Pipe

Corrugated aluminum alloy drain pipe shall meet the requirements of AASHTO M 196,
without perforations.

9-05.1(3)A

Coupling Bands

Coupling bands for corrugated aluminum alloy drain pipe shall meet the requirements of
coupling bands for Type I pipe of AASHTO M196, except that bands using projections
(dimples) shall not be permitted. The bands shall be fabricated of the same material as
the pipe.

Acceptable coupling bands are the two piece helically corrugated band with nonreformed
ends and integrally formed flanges and those bands meeting the requirements of

Section 9-05.5(5)

9-05.1(4) Vacant

9-05.1(5) PVC Drain Pipe, Couplings, and Fittings

PVC drain pipe, couplings, and fittings shall meet the requirements of AASHTO M 278.
The maximum size pipe shall be 8 inches in diameter.

9-05.1(6) Corrugated Polyethylene Drain Pipe, Couplings, and Fittings

(Up to 10 inch)

Corrugated polyethylene drain pipe, couplings, and fittings shall meet the requirements of
AASHTO M252 type C (corrugated both inside and outside) or type S (corrugated outer
wall and smooth inner liner). The maximum size pipe shall be 10 inches in diameter.

Corrugated polyethylene drain pipe manufacturers shall participate in the National
Transportation Product Evaluation Program (NTPEP) work plan for HDPE (High Density
Polyethylene) Thermoplastic Pipe and be listed on the NTPEP audit website displaying
they are NTPEP compliant.

9-05.1(7) Corrugated Polyethylene Drain Pipe, Couplings, and Fittings

(12 inch Through 60 inch)

Corrugated polyethylene drain pipe, couplings, and fittings 12 inch through 60 inch
diameter maximum, shall meet the minimum requirements of AASHTO M 294 Type S or
12-inch through 24-inch diameter maximum shall meet the minimum requirements of
AASHTO M294 Type C.

Page 9-48

Drainage Structures and Culverts

9-05.2

Underdrain Pipe

9-05.2(1) Vacant

9-05.2(2) Perforated Concrete Underdrain Pipe

Perforated concrete underdrain pipe shall meet the requirements of AASHTO M175,
Type I, except the perforations shall be approximately ½ inch in diameter. Strength
requirements shall be as shown in Table I of AASHTO M86.

9-05.2(3) Vacant

9-05.2(4) Zinc Coated (Galvanized) or Aluminum Coated (Aluminized)

Corrugated Iron or Steel Underdrain Pipe

Zinc coated (galvanized) or aluminum coated (aluminized type 2) corrugated iron or steel
underdrain pipe shall meet the fabrication requirements of AASHTO M36, except that
perforations required in Class I, II, and III pipe may be located anywhere on the tangent of
the corrugations provided the other perforation spacing requirements remain as specified.
Zinc coated steel shall meet the material requirements of AASHTO M 218 (ASTM A929).
Aluminum coated steel shall meet the material requirements of AASHTO M274 (ASTM
A929).

The pipe may conform to any one of the Type III pipes specified in AASHTO M 36, and
perforations in Class I, II, and III pipe may be drilled or punched. The sheet thickness shall
be 0.064 inch for 6 inch and larger diameter underdrain pipe.

9-05.2(4)A

Coupling Bands

Coupling bands for zinc coated (galvanized) or aluminum coated (aluminized) corrugated
iron or steel underdrain pipe shall meet the requirements of coupling bands for Type III
pipe of AASHTO M36. The bands shall be fabricated of the same material as the pipe and
with the same metallic protective treatment as the pipe, if metallic bands are used.

Acceptable coupling bands are the two piece helically corrugated band with nonreformed
ends and integrally formed flanges, universal bands (dimple bands), a smooth sleeve
type coupler, and those bands meeting the requirements of

Section 9-05.4(7)

. Smooth

sleeve type couplers may be either plastic or steel suitable for holding the pipe firmly in
alignment without the use of sealing compound or gaskets.

9-05.2(5) Perforated Corrugated Aluminum Alloy Underdrain Pipe

Perforated corrugated aluminum alloy underdrain pipe shall meet the requirements of
AASHTO M196, except that the perforations may be located anywhere on the tangent
of the corrugations providing the other perforation spacing requirements remain as
specified.

Drainage Structures and Culverts

9-05

9-05.2(5)A

Coupling Bands

Coupling bands for corrugated aluminum alloy underdrain pipe shall meet the
requirements of coupling bands for Type III pipe of AASHTO M196. The bands shall be
fabricated of the same material of the pipe, if metallic bands are used.

Acceptable coupling bands are the two piece helically corrugated band with nonreformed
ends and integrally formed flanges, universal bands (dimple bands), a smooth sleeve type
coupler, and those bands meeting the requirements of

Section 9-05.5(5)

. Smooth sleeve

type couplers may be either plastic or aluminum alloy suitable for holding the pipe firmly
in alignment without the use of sealing compound or gaskets.

9-05.2(6) Perforated PVC Underdrain Pipe

Perforated PVC underdrain pipe shall meet the requirements of AASHTO M278. The
maximum size pipe shall be 8 inches in diameter.

9-05.2(7) Perforated Corrugated Polyethylene Underdrain Pipe (Up to 10 inch)

Perforated corrugated polyethylene underdrain pipe shall meet the requirements
of AASHTO M252, Type CP or Type SP. Type CP shall be Type C pipe with Class 2
perforations and Type SP shall be Type S pipe with either Class 1 or Class 2 perforations.
Additionally, Class 2 perforations shall be uniformly spaced along the length and
circumference of the pipe. The maximum size pipe shall be 10-inch diameter.

Perforated corrugated polyethylene underdrain pipe manufacturers shall participate in
the National Transportation Product Evaluation Program (NTPEP) work plan for HDPE
(High Density Polyethylene) Thermoplastic Pipe and be listed on the NTPEP audit website
displaying they are NTPEP compliant.

9-05.2(8) Perforated Corrugated Polyethylene Underdrain Pipe (12-Inch

Through 60-Inch Diameter Maximum), Couplings, and Fittings

Perforated corrugated polyethylene underdrain pipe (12-inch through 60-inch diameter
maximum), couplings, and fittings shall meet the requirements of AASHTO M294 Type CP
or Type SP. Type CP shall be Type C pipe with Class 2 perforations and Type SP shall be
Type S pipe with either Class 1 or Class 2 perforations. Additionally, Class 2 perforations
shall be uniformly spaced along the length and circumference of the pipe.

Page 9-50

Drainage Structures and Culverts

9-05.3

Concrete Culvert Pipe

9-05.3(1) Plain Concrete Culvert Pipe

Plain concrete culvert pipe shall be round and shall conform to the requirements of
AASHTO M86, Class 2.

9-05.3(1)A

End Design and Joints

All bell and spigot concrete culvert pipe shall be joined with rubber gaskets. The joints
and gasket material shall meet the requirements of ASTM C990. Gasket material shall be
handled and stored in accordance with

Section 9-04.4(5)

The plane of the ends of the pipes shall be perpendicular to their longitudinal axes.

9-05.3(1)B

Basis for Acceptance

The basis for acceptance of plain concrete culvert or drain pipe shall be on the results of
three edge bearing tests performed at the manufacturer’s plant within the 90 day period
immediately preceding shipment of the pipe.

9-05.3(1)C

Age at Shipment

Plain concrete culvert pipe may be shipped when it meets all test requirements.
Unless it is tested and accepted at an earlier age, it shall not be considered ready for
shipment sooner than 28 days after manufacture when made with Type II portland
cement or blended hydraulic cement, nor sooner than 7 days when made with Type III
portland cement.

9-05.3(2) Reinforced Concrete Culvert Pipe

Reinforced concrete culvert pipe shall be round and conform to the requirements of
AASHTO M170 except as herein provided.

The wall thickness and steel area for all classes of pipe which are of a diameter not set
forth in AASHTO M170, but within the maximum and minimum diameter limits set forth
therein, shall be determined by interpolation from data given in the tables for pipes of
diameters next smaller and next larger, respectively.

For all classes of pipe, except Class I, which are of a diameter less than the minimum
for the particular class set forth in AASHTO M170, the minimum wall thickness shall be
1¾ inch and the steel area shall not be less than 0.06 square inch per linear foot of pipe
barrel length.

9-05.3(2)A

End Design and Joints

Section 9-05.3(1)A

will apply to reinforced concrete culvert pipe.

Drainage Structures and Culverts

9-05

9-05.3(2)B

Basis for Acceptance

The basis for acceptance of reinforced concrete pipe 60 inches in diameter and smaller
shall be determined by the results of the three edge bearing test for the load to produce
a 0.01-inch crack, and testing to the ultimate load will ordinarily not be required, except
as necessary to obtain samples for making the absorption test. In lieu of broken pieces
of pipe obtained as above provided, 4-inch diameter cores from pipe sections selected
by the Engineer may be furnished for performing the absorption test. Sections of pipe
which have been tested to the actual 0.01-inch crack will ordinarily not be further load
tested; and such sections which meet or exceed the required strength and workmanship
standards may be accepted for use on the project.

Acceptance of reinforced concrete pipe larger than 60 inches in diameter shall be based
on inspection of the size and placement of the reinforcing steel, and, at the option of the
Engineer, on compressive strength tests of 4-inch diameter cores cut from the pipe, or on
compressive strength of representative test cylinders cast with and cured with the pipe.

9-05.3(2)C

Age at Shipment

Reinforced concrete culvert pipe may be shipped when it meets the requirements of

Section 9-05.3(1)C

9-05.3(2)D

Elliptical Reinforcement

In lieu of marking circular pipe with elliptical reinforcement in accordance with AASHTO
M170, the location of the top of the pipe shall be indicated by 3-inch, waterproof, painted
stripes on the inside and outside of the pipe for a distance of 2 feet from each end of
the section. At the option of the Contractor, a lift hole or lift holes may be provided at
the top of the pipe in lieu of the painted stripes. If one lift hole is provided, it shall be
at the balance point of the pipe; and if two lift holes are provided, they shall be spaced
equidistant each side of the balance point. Such holes shall not interfere with the
reinforcement. After placing, open lift holes shall be filled with mortar conforming to

Section 9-20.4(3)

or concrete plugs before backfilling.

In addition to the requirements as set forth in AASHTO M170, it will be required on
all pipe 30 inches and over in diameter with elliptical steel reinforcement that the
manufacturer expose the reinforcement in not less than one of three lengths of pipe
manufactured. A hole exposing the steel shall be cut on the inside of the pipe at top or
bottom and a second hole on the outside, 90 degrees from the top or bottom position.
After placing, holes exposing the reinforcement shall be filled with mortar conforming to

Section 9-20.4(3)

or concrete plugs before backfilling.

9-05.3(3) Beveled Concrete End Sections

Beveled concrete end sections shall be plain concrete conforming to AASHTO M 86 or
reinforced concrete conforming to the applicable sections of AASHTO M170 with the
design requirements as listed in Table 2, Wall B, Circular Reinforcement in circular pipe,
and the

Standard Plans

Page 9-52

Drainage Structures and Culverts

9-05.4

Steel Culvert Pipe and Pipe Arch

Steel culvert pipe and pipe arch shall meet the fabrication requirements of AASHTO M36,
Type I and Type II. Zinc coated steel shall meet the material requirements of AASHTO
M218 (ASTM A929). Aluminum coated steel shall meet the material requirements of
AASHTO M274 (ASTM A929).

9-05.4(1) Elliptical Fabrication

When elongated pipes are specified, circular pipes shall be fabricated 5 percent out of
round to form an elliptical section. The vertical or longer axis of the elliptical section shall
be clearly marked before shipping.

9-05.4(2) Mitered Ends

The ends of steel culvert pipe or pipe arch shall not be beveled unless called for in the
Plans. If beveled ends are specified, the ends of culvert pipe over 30 inches in diameter
shall be mitered to conform to the slope of the embankment in which the culvert is to be
placed whether the culvert is constructed normal to or at an angle with the centerline of
the roadway.

Beveled steel pipe end sections 12 inches through 30 inches in diameter shall be of
the same material and thickness and have the same protective coating as the pipe to
which they are attached. Beveled pipe ends of these dimensions shall be constructed in
conformance with the

Standard Plans

9-05.4(3) Protective Treatment

Steel pipe and pipe arch culverts shall be coated by one of the following protective
treatments, when such treatment is specified:

Treatment 1

Coated uniformly inside and out with asphalt as per

Section 9-05.4(4)

(AASHTO M190 Type A) or with polymer as per

Section 9-05.4(5)

Treatment 2

Coated uniformly inside and out with asphalt and with an asphalt
paved invert (AASHTO M190 Type C) or with polymer as per

Section 9-05.4(5)

Treatment 3

This treatment is no longer available.

Treatment 4

This treatment is no longer available.

Treatment 5

Coated inside and out with asphalt and a 100 percent periphery
inside spun asphalt lining (AASHTO M 190 Type D).

Treatment 6

This treatment is no longer available.

Standard Specifications for Road, Bridge, and Municipal Construction 2020 (M 41-10) - page 48