Standard Specifications for Road, Bridge, and Municipal Construction 2020 (M 41-10)

Drainage Structures and Culverts

9-05

9-05.4(4) Asphalt Coatings and Paved Inverts

Asphalt for asphalt coatings and paved inverts shall meet the requirements of AASHTO
M190, Section 4. The coatings for Treatments 1, 2, and 5 shall be uniform, inside and out,
and applied in accordance with the following requirements:

The metal shall be free from grease, dirt, dust, moisture, or other deleterious
contaminants. Either process described below may be used for application.
1. Pipe Not Preheated – The temperature of the asphalt at the time of pipe immersion

shall be 400ºF (plus or minus 3 degrees), and the duration of the immersion shall
conform to the following schedule:

Thickness in inches Steel

Minimum Immersion Time Minutes

0.064

2.5

0.079

3.0

0.109

5.0

0.138

6.5

0.168

8.0

2. Pipe Preheated – The asphalt shall have a temperature of 380ºF (plus or minus 3

degrees), and the pipe shall be brought to a temperature of 300ºF to 350ºF before
immersion.

The paved invert for Treatment 2 shall consist of bituminous material applied in such
a manner that one or more smooth pavements will be formed in the invert filling the
corrugations for at least 40 percent of the circumference. The pavement shall have a
minimum thickness of ⅛ inch above the crest of the corrugations except where the
upper edges intercept the corrugation. The pavements shall be applied following the
coating with asphalt. Treatment 5 may be substituted for Treatment 2, at the option
of the Contractor.

9-05.4(5) Polymer Protective Coating

Polymer coated steel pipe and pipe-arch shall meet the fabrication requirements of
AASHTO M36 (ASTM A760). Polymer protective coatings shall meet the material
requirements of AASHTO M246 (ASTM A742). Polymer coating shall be mill applied to
galvanized steel coils before fabrication and shall measure 10 mils thick on each side.

9-05.4(6) Spun Asphalt Lining

Asphalt for spun linings over 100 percent periphery shall conform to AASHTO M 190,
Section 4. Asphalt spun linings shall provide a smooth surface for the full interior of the
pipe by completely filling the corrugations to a minimum thickness of ⅛ inch above the
crests. The interior lining shall be applied by centrifugal or other approved methods. The
interior shall be free from sags or runs, but slight residual corrugations due to cooling
shrinkage of the lining will not be cause for rejection. At the three sheet laps, an interior
nonuniformity equal to the thickness of the sheet is allowable. The thickness of the lining
shall be maintained to the ends of the pipe.

Page 9-54

Drainage Structures and Culverts

The thickness of the lining over the crest of the corrugation shall not vary by an amount in
excess of ½ inch over the entire area of the spun lining.

In the case of helical corrugated pipe manufactured with a continuous lock seam, an
interior nonuniformity over the lock seam equal to the thickness of two culvert sheets is
allowable.

9-05.4(7) Coupling Bands

Coupling bands for steel pipe shall be as shown in the

Standard Plans

and shall be

fabricated of the same material as the pipe. Bands may be up to three nominal
thicknesses thinner than used for the pipe, but not thinner than 0.064 inches or thicker
than 0.109 inches. Bands shall be coated with the same metallic protective treatment as
the pipe but shall not be coated with any asphalt protective treatment. Bands shall be
made by the same manufacturer as the steel pipe selected for installation.

Corrugations on the bands shall be the same size and shape as those on the pipes to
be connected. Steel bolts and nuts for coupling bands shall meet the requirements of
ASTM A307 and shall be galvanized in accordance with AASHTO M232. Steel angles,
when required for coupling bands, shall meet the requirements of AASHTO M 36. When
annular corrugated bands are used to connect helically corrugated lock-seam pipe, the
seam shall be welded at the pipe ends prior to recorrugating to prevent unraveling of the
seam. All welds shall develop the full strength of the parent metal.

Bands shall conform to the corrugations of the pipe and shall meet all applicable
requirements of AASHTO M36, with the following exceptions:

Coupling bands for all sizes of steel pipe arch with 3 by 1-inch corrugations shall be
24 inches wide.
Type K coupling bands shall only be used on circular culvert pipe when extending an
existing culvert. Rubber gaskets shall be used and shall conform to the requirements
of

Section 9-04.4(3)

, match the width of the band, and have a minimum thickness of

1 inch.
Type K coupling bands are allowed for use on all sizes of steel pipe arch with 3
by 1-inch corrugations. Type K bands for this application shall be 24 inches wide.
Rubber gaskets shall be used and shall conform to the requirements of

Section

9-04.4(3)

, match the width of the band, and have a minimum thickness of 1 inch.

When Type K bands are used, pipe arch ends are not required to be recorrugated.
Gaskets are required for all culvert installations and shall meet the requirements of

Section 9-05.10(1)

9-05.4(8) Steel Nestable Pipe

Steel nestable pipe shall meet the requirements for steel pipe of these Specifications
except in the method of fabrication. Circular pipe shall be fabricated in two semicircles.

Nestable pipe may be either the stitch-type as hereinafter described or the flange-type
in accordance with Military Designation MIL-P-236. One longitudinal edge of each half

Drainage Structures and Culverts

9-05

of the stitch-type nestable circular pipe shall be notched to provide interlocking seams
which will form the two segments into the full section when it is erected in the field.
Hook and eye bolts, or other approved means, shall be provided to hold the segments
firmly together.

Individual plates shall be a minimum of 2 feet in length except for short or half sections
required to complete the end section of the culvert.

When protective treatment is specified in the Plans, nestable pipe shall be coated with
one of the treatments as provided in

Section 9-05.4(3)

9-05.4(9) Steel End Sections

The applicable provisions of AASHTO M36 shall apply to the construction of steel end
sections, except that the end sections shall be fabricated of the same material with the
same metallic protective treatment as the pipe.

Asphalt coating shall not be used on steel end sections.

9-05.4(9)A Fabrication

The shape, thickness, dimensions, and number of pieces shall conform to the

Standard

Plans

for the size and shape of pipe shown in the Plans. They shall be manufactured

as integral units or so formed that they can be readily assembled and erected in place.
When bolts are used for assembly, they shall be ⅜-inch diameter or larger and shall be
galvanized. No field welding or riveting will be permitted.

9-05.4(9)B

Galvanized Hardware

Bolts, nuts, and miscellaneous hardware shall be galvanized in accordance with the
provisions of AASHTO M232.

9-05.4(9)C

Toe Plate Extensions

Toe plate extensions shall be furnished only when so designated in the Plans. When
required, the toe plate extensions shall be punched with holes to match those in the
lip of the skirt and fastened with ⅜ inch or larger galvanized nuts and bolts. Toe plate
extensions shall be the same material and thickness as the end section and shall be
fabricated of the same material with the same metallic protective treatment as the
end section.

9-05.5

Aluminum Culvert Pipe

Aluminum culvert pipe shall conform to the applicable requirements of AASHTO M 196M.

9-05.5(1) Elliptical Fabrication

Section 9-05.4(1)

shall apply to aluminum pipes.

9-05.5(2) Mitered Ends

Section 9-05.4(2)

shall apply to aluminum pipes.

Page 9-56

Drainage Structures and Culverts

9-05.5(3) Vacant

9-05.5(4) Vacant

9-05.5(5) Coupling Bands

Bands shall be fabricated of the same material as the pipe and shall meet all applicable
requirements of AASHTO M196, except the band thickness shall not be more than
0.105 inches or less than 0.060 inches. All other requirements of

Section 9-05.4(7)

shall apply.

9-05.5(6) Aluminum End Sections

The applicable provisions of AASHTO M196 shall apply to the construction of end
sections and toe plate extensions for aluminum pipes. In addition, they shall conform
to the requirements of

Section 9-05.4(9)

Asphalt coating shall not be used on aluminum end sections.

9-05.6

Structural Plate Pipe, Pipe Arch, Arch, and Underpass

9-05.6(1) General

Structural plate pipes shall be full circle of the type, gage or thickness, and diameter
specified.

Structural plate pipe arches shall be a multi-centered shape, made up of four circular arcs
tangent to each other at their junctions and symmetrical about the vertical axis, and of
the type, gage or thickness, and span specified.

Structural plate arches shall be a single-centered circular arc shape placed on a reinforced
concrete foundation, and of the design, type, gage or thickness, and span as provided for
in the Plans.

Structural plate underpasses shall be a multi-centered shape, made up of a variable
number of circular arcs tangent to each other at their junctions and symmetrical about the
vertical axis, and of the design, type, gage or thickness, and span specified.

9-05.6(2) Fabrication

The plates at longitudinal and circumferential seams shall be connected by bolts; the bolt
holes shall be staggered in rows 2 inches apart, one hole being punched in the valley
and one in the crest of each corrugation along both edges of each plate. Bolt holes on
circumferential seams shall be spaced at approximate 12-inch intervals. No hole shall be
closer to the edge of the plate than twice the diameter of the bolt.

The ends of structural plate pipes, pipe arches, arches, or underpasses shall not be
mitered unless called for in the Plans, Special Provisions, or

Standard Plans

. If mitered

ends are specified, the slope shall conform to the slope of the embankment in which the
culvert is to be placed. The miter on pipe arches shall be limited to the top arc only.

Drainage Structures and Culverts

9-05

9-05.6(3) Elliptical Fabrication

When elongated structural plate pipes are specified, they shall be fabricated 5 percent
out of round to form an elliptical cross-section. The vertical axis (the longer axis of the
elliptical section) shall be clearly marked on the plates before shipping.

9-05.6(4) Structural Plate Pipe Arch

Plates for structural plate pipe arches shall be formed so that the top shall be an arc of not
more than 180 degrees nor less than 155 degrees; the bottom shall be an arc of not more
than 50 degrees nor less than 10 degrees; and the top shall be joined at each end to the
bottom by an arc having a radius between 18 and 31 inches and of not more than 87½
degrees nor less than 75 degrees.

9-05.6(5) Structural Plate Arch

Structural plate arches and their foundations shall be as shown in the Plans.

9-05.6(6) Structural Plate Underpass

Structural plate underpasses shall be as provided for in the

Standard Plans

, or, in the case

of a special design, as provided for in the Plans.

9-05.6(7) Concrete

Concrete required for constructing structural plate arch foundations shall be Class
3000 concrete in conformance with the requirements of

Section 6-02

Steel reinforcing bars shall conform to the requirements of

Section 9-07.1

9-05.6(8) Plates

9-05.6(8)A

Corrugated Steel Plates

Galvanized corrugated steel plates for constructing structural plate pipe, pipe arches,
arches, and underpasses, and nuts and bolts used in their assembly shall conform to the
requirements of AASHTO M167 except that the minimum mass of spelter coating on the
plates shall be 3 ounces of zinc per square foot of double exposed surface. If the average
spelter coating as determined from the required samples is less than 3 ounces, or if any
one specimen shows less than 2.7 ounces, the lot samples shall be rejected. Nuts, bolts,
and miscellaneous hardware shall be galvanized in accordance with AASHTO M232.

9-05.6(8)B

Corrugated Aluminum Plates

Aluminum alloy plates and fasteners intended for use in the construction of structural
plate pipe, pipe arches, arches, and underpasses shall conform to the requirements
of AASHTO M219. Nuts, bolts, and miscellaneous hardware shall be galvanized in
accordance with AASHTO M232.

Page 9-58

Drainage Structures and Culverts

9-05.7

Concrete Storm Sewer Pipe

9-05.7(1) Plain Concrete Storm Sewer Pipe

Plain concrete storm sewer pipe shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 86,
Class 2.

9-05.7(1)A

Basis for Acceptance

The basis for acceptance of plain concrete storm sewer pipe shall be the same as specified
in

Section 9-05.3(1)B

9-05.7(2) Reinforced Concrete Storm Sewer Pipe

Reinforced concrete storm sewer pipe shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO
M170 and shall be of the class noted in the Plans or in the Special Provisions.
Section 7.3.1 of AASHTO M170 shall be amended to require that both bells and spigots
shall be reinforced in pipe 30 inches in diameter and greater.

The identification of the minor axis of elliptical reinforcement shall be in accordance with

Section 9-05.3(2)D

9-05.7(2)A

Basis for Acceptance

The basis for acceptance of reinforced concrete storm sewer pipe shall be the same as
specified in

Section 9-05.3(2)B

9-05.7(3) Concrete Storm Sewer Pipe Joints

All concrete storm sewer pipe shall be joined with rubber gaskets. The joints and gasket
material shall meet the requirements of ASTM C990. Gasket material shall be handled and
stored in accordance with

Section 9-04.4(5)

9-05.7(4) Testing Concrete Storm Sewer Pipe Joints

When a particular type of pipe joint design, material or joining method has not previously
been tested and approved, the following test shall be made on one test length of the
assembled storm sewer pipe to qualify the design, material or method of joining the pipe.
At the option of the Engineer, additional testing may be requested if subsequent field
testing of installed pipe indicates difficulty in obtaining properly joined pipe. The tests will
be conducted at the manufacturer’s yard, and the manufacturer will be required to make
such space and facilities available as required to conduct the tests in an efficient and
workmanlike manner.

Drainage Structures and Culverts

9-05

9-05.7(4)A

Hydrostatic Pressure on Pipes in Straight Alignment

Hydrostatic pressure tests on pipes in straight alignment shall be made in accordance with
the procedure outlined in Section 10 of ASTM C990, except that they shall be performed
on an assembly consisting of not less than three nor more than five pipe sections selected
from stock by the Engineer and assembled in accordance with standard installation
instructions issued by the manufacturer. The end sections shall be bulkheaded and
restrained against internal pressure.

9-05.7(4)B

Hydrostatic Pressure Tests on Pipes in Maximum Deflected

Position

Upon completion of the test for pipe in straight alignment, the test section shall be
deflected until at least two of the joints have been deflected to the maximum amount
shown in the manufacturer’s standard installation instructions. When thus deflected,
there shall be no leakage at the joints from an applied internal hydrostatic pressure of
5 psi.

9-05.7(4)C

Hydrostatic Pressure Test on 15-Inch Diameter and Larger Pipe

Under Differential Load

The test sections shall be suitably supported so that one of the pipes of the test assembly
is suspended freely between adjacent pipes, bearing only on the joints. The suspended
pipe shall then be loaded, at its midpoint, in addition to the mass of the pipe, in
accordance with the following schedule:

Diameter

Load

15 inches

7,400 lbs.

18 inches

8,800 lbs.

21 inches

10,000 lbs.

24 inches and over

11,000 lbs.

While under this load, the stressed joints shall show no leakage when subjected to an
internal hydrostatic pressure of 5 psi. At the option of the manufacturer, ½ of the load
may be applied on the bell end of the suspended pipe in lieu of the full load on the center
of the suspended pipe.

9-05.8

Vitrified Clay Sewer Pipe

This material shall not be used in Washington State Department of Transportation
projects unless specified in the Special Provisions.

Vitrified clay sewer pipe shall conform to ASTM C700, and all joints shall be factory
manufactured in accordance with ASTM C425.

Page 9-60

Drainage Structures and Culverts

9-05.9

Steel Spiral Rib Storm Sewer Pipe

Steel spiral rib storm sewer pipe shall meet the fabrication requirements of AASHTO
M36 and these Specifications. Zinc coated steel shall meet the material requirements
of AASHTO M218 (ASTM A929). Aluminum coated steel shall meet the material
requirements of AASHTO M274 (ASTM A929). The size, coating, metal, and protective
treatment, if any, shall be as shown in the Plans or in the Specifications.

The manufacturer of spiral rib storm sewer pipe shall furnish the Engineer a
Manufacturer’s Certificate of Compliance stating that the materials furnished comply in
all respects with these Specifications. The Engineer may require additional information or
tests to be performed by the Contractor at no expense to the Contracting Agency.

Unless otherwise specified, spiral rib storm sewer pipe shall be furnished with pipe ends
cut perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the pipe. Pipe ends shall be cut evenly. Spiral
rib pipe shall be fabricated by using a continuous helical lock seam.

Spiral rib storm sewer pipe shall have helical ribs that project outwardly, be formed from a
single thickness of material, and conform to one of the following configurations:
1.  ¾-inch-wide by ¾-inch-deep ribs at 7½ inches on center.
2.  ¾-inch-wide by 1-inch-deep ribs at 11½ inches on center.
3.  ¾-inch-wide by ⅝-inch-deep ribs at 12 inches on center.

Pipe shall be fabricated with ends that can be effectively jointed with coupling bands.
When it is required, spiral rib pipe shall be furnished with bituminous or polymer
protective treatment 1 or 2 treated or paved. The bituminous treatment for spiral rib pipe
shall conform to the requirements of Sections

9-05.4(3)

and

9-05.4(4)

. Polymer coating

shall conform to

Section 9-05.4(5)

9-05.9(1) Continuous Lock Seam Pipe

Pipes fabricated with a continuous helical seam parallel to the rib may be used for full
circle pipe. The seam shall be formed in the flat between ribs and shall conform to
Sections 7.5.1 through 7.5.3 of AASHTO M36.

9-05.9(1)A

Basis for Acceptance

The basis for acceptance will be a qualification test, conducted by the State Materials
Laboratory, for each manufacturer of spiral rib lock seam steel pipe. Only those specific
pipe sizes and gasket materials, if any, approved under the qualification test will be
accepted.

Continuous lock seam pipe shall be sampled and tested in accordance with AASHTO
T 249.

9-05.9(2) Vacant

Drainage Structures and Culverts

9-05

9-05.9(3) Coupling Bands

Coupling bands shall be of the same material as the pipe. Coupling bands and gaskets
shall conform to

Section 9-05.10(1)

9-05.10

Steel Storm Sewer Pipe

Steel storm sewer pipe shall conform to the requirements of

Section 9-05.4

for steel

culvert pipe, except that protective coating shall be Treatment 1 or 5, and be constructed
of helically corrugated lock seam pipe. When gasketed helically corrugated lock seam
steel pipe is called for, and the pipe is properly sized to meet hydraulic requirements,
Treatment 5 is not required.

9-05.10(1) Coupling Bands

Coupling bands shall be as shown in the

Standard Plans

. Bands shall be fabricated of the

same material as the pipe and shall meet all applicable requirements of AASHTO M 36.
Bands may be up to three nominal thicknesses thinner than used for the pipe, but not
thinner than 0.064 inches or thicker than 0.109 inches. Bands shall be coated with the
same metallic protective treatment as the pipe but shall not be coated with any asphalt
treatment. Bands shall be made by the same manufacturer as the steel pipe selected for
installation.

Corrugations on the bands shall be the same size and shape as those on the pipe to be
connected. Steel bolts and nuts for coupling bands shall meet the requirements of ASTM
A307 and shall be galvanized in accordance with AASHTO M232. Steel angles, when
required for coupling bands, shall meet the requirements of AASHTO M36. When annular
corrugated bands are used to connect helically corrugated lock-seam pipe, the seam shall
be welded at the pipe ends prior to recorrugating to prevent unraveling of the seam. All
welds shall develop the full strength of the parent metal.

Gaskets are required for all storm sewer installations. Gasket material for coupling bands
shall meet the requirements of

Section 9-04.4(3)

. Gaskets for Type D bands shall match

the width of the band and have a minimum thickness of ⅜ inch. O-ring gaskets for Type F
bands shall have a cross-sectional diameter of 13/16 inch for pipe diameters of 36 inches or
smaller and ⅞ inch for larger pipe diameters.

Type K coupling bands are not allowed for storm sewer applications.

9-05.10(2) Basis for Acceptance

The basis for acceptance of steel storm sewer pipe will be the same as specified in

Section

9-05.4

, except when gasketed helically corrugated lock seam steel pipe is called for. A

qualification test conducted by the State Materials Laboratory will be required for each
manufacturer of gasketed helically corrugated lock seam steel pipe. Only those specific
pipe sizes and gasket materials approved under the qualification test will be accepted.

Page 9-62

Drainage Structures and Culverts

9-05.11

Aluminum Storm Sewer Pipe

Aluminum storm sewer pipe shall conform to the requirements of

Section 9-05.5

for

aluminum culvert pipe, and the pipe shall be constructed of helically corrugated lock seam
aluminum pipe.

9-05.11(1) Coupling Bands

Coupling bands for aluminum pipe shall be as shown in the

Standard Plans

. Bands shall be

fabricated of the same material as the pipe and shall meet all applicable requirements of
AASHTO M196, except the band thickness shall not be more than 0.105 inches or less
than 0.060 inches. All other requirements of

Section 9-05.10(1)

shall apply.

9-05.11(2) Basis for Acceptance

The basis for acceptance of aluminum storm sewer pipe will be the same as specified
in

Section 9-05.0

, except when gasketed helically corrugated lock seam aluminum pipe

is called for. A qualification test, conducted by the State Materials Laboratory, will be
required for each manufacturer of gasketed helically corrugated lock seam aluminum pipe.
Only those specific pipe sizes and gasket materials approved under the qualification test
will be accepted.

9-05.12

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pipe

9-05.12(1) Solid Wall PVC Culvert Pipe, Solid Wall PVC Storm Sewer Pipe,

and Solid Wall PVC Sanitary Sewer Pipe

Solid wall PVC culvert pipe, solid wall PVC storm sewer pipe, and solid wall PVC sanitary
sewer pipe and fittings shall be solid wall construction and shall conform to the following
requirements:
For pipe sizes up to 15 inches: ASTM D3034 SDR 35
For pipe sizes from 18 to 48 inches: ASTM F679 using a minimum pipe stiffness of 46 psi
in accordance with Table 1.
Joints for solid wall PVC pipe shall conform to ASTM D3212 using elastomeric gaskets
conforming to ASTM F477.
Fittings for solid wall PVC pipe shall be injection molded, factory welded, or factory
solvent cemented.

9-05.12(2) Profile Wall PVC Culvert Pipe, Profile Wall PVC Storm Sewer Pipe,

and Profile Wall PVC Sanitary Sewer Pipe

Profile wall PVC culvert pipe and profile wall PVC storm sewer pipe shall meet the
requirements of ASTM F794 Series 46, or ASTM F1803. Profile wall PVC sanitary
sewer pipe shall meet the requirements of ASTM F794 Series 46, or ASTM F1803. The
maximum pipe diameter shall be as specified in the Qualified Products List.

Drainage Structures and Culverts

9-05

Joints for profile wall PVC culvert pipe shall conform to ASTM D3212 using elastomeric
gaskets conforming to ASTM F477, or as approved through the State Materials
Laboratory.
Qualified manufacturers are identified in the Qualified Products List. Qualification
for each manufacturers requires joint system conformation to ASTM D3212 using
elastomeric gaskets conforming to ASTM F477 and a formal quality control plan for each
plant proposed for consideration.
A Manufacturer’s Certificate of Compliance shall be required and shall accompany the
materials delivered to the project. The certificate shall clearly identify production lots for
all materials represented. The Contracting Agency may conduct verification tests of pipe
stiffness or other properties as it deems appropriate.
Fittings for profile wall PVC pipe shall meet the requirements of ASTM F794 Series 46, or
ASTM F1803.

9-05.13

Ductile Iron Sewer Pipe

Ductile iron pipe shall conform to ANSI A 21.51 or AWWA C151 and shall be cement
mortar lined and have a 1-mil seal coat per AWWA C104 or a ceramic-filled, amine-cured
Novalac Epoxy lining as indicated on the Plans or in the Special Provisions. The ductile
iron pipe shall be Special Thickness Class 50, Minimum Pressure Class 350, or the Class
indicated on the Plans or in the Special Provisions.

Nonrestrained joints shall be rubber gasket type, push on type, or mechanical type, and
shall meet the requirements of AWWA C111.

Cast iron fittings may be used with ductile iron pipe. Saddles fastened to pipe with
external bands shall not be acceptable on any new system. Normally, all fittings shall be
the same material as the pipe being connected, except that fittings using other materials
or constructed with more than one material may be used subject to the approval of the
Engineer. Fittings shall have sufficient strength to withstand handling and load stresses
normally encountered.

9-05.14

ABS Composite Sewer Pipe

This material shall not be used in Washington Department of Transportation projects
unless specified in the Special Provisions.

ABS composite pipe shall meet the requirements of AASHTO M264.

ABS composite pipe shall be provided with Type OR (flexible gasketed) joints. Rubber
gasketed joints shall conform to applicable provisions of ASTM C443.

Fittings for ABS composite pipe shall be specifically designed for connection to ABS
composite pipe with solvent cement. Normally, all fittings shall be the same material as
the pipe being connected, except that fittings using other materials or constructed with
more than one material may be used subject to the approval of the Engineer. Fittings shall
have sufficient strength to withstand handling and load stresses normally encountered.

Page 9-64

Drainage Structures and Culverts

9-05.15

Metal Castings

For all metal castings the producing foundry shall provide certification stating the country
of origin, the material meets the required ASTM or AASHTO Specification noted in the
Subsections below. The producing foundry shall detail all test results from physical testing
to determine compliance to the Specifications. The test reports shall include physical
properties of the material from each heat and shall include tensile, yield, and elongation
as specified in the appropriate ASTM or AASHTO Specification. For AASHTO 1 M 306,
Section 8, Certification is deleted and replaced with the above certification and testing
requirements.

Metal castings for drainage structures shall not be dipped, painted, welded, plugged,
or repaired. Porosity in metal castings for drainage structures shall be considered a
workmanship defect subject to rejection by the Engineer. Metal castings made from
gray iron or ductile iron shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M306, and metal
castings made from cast steel shall conform to the requirements of

Section 9-06.8

. All

metal castings shall meet the proof load testing requirements of AASHTO M306.

9-05.15(1) Manhole Ring and Cover

Castings for manhole rings shall be gray iron or ductile iron and covers shall be ductile iron.

All covers shall be interchangeable within the dimensions shown in the

Standard Plans

. All

mating surfaces shall be machine finished to ensure a nonrocking fit.

The inside vertical recessed face of the ring and the vertical outside edge of the cover
shall be machined or manufactured to the following tolerances:

Ring ± 3/32 inch
Cover ± 3/32 inch

All manhole rings and covers shall be identified by the name or symbol of the producing
foundry and country of casting origin. This identification shall be in a plainly visible
location when the ring and cover are installed. Ductile iron shall be identified by the
following, “DUC” or “DI”. The producing foundry and material identification shall be
adjacent to each other and shall be minimum ½-inch to maximum 1-inch high letters,
recessed to be flush with the adjacent surfaces.

9-05.15(2) Metal Frame, Grate, and Solid Metal Cover for Catch Basins or Inlets

Castings for metal frames for catch basins and inlets shall be cast steel, gray iron, or
ductile iron, and as shown in the

Standard Plans

Castings for grates and solid metal covers for catch basins and inlets shall be cast steel or
ductile iron and as shown in the

Standard Plans

. Additionally, leveling pads are allowed on

grates and solid metal covers with a height not to exceed ⅛ inch. The producing foundry’s
name and material designation shall be embossed on the top of the grate. The material
shall be identified by the following: “CS” for cast steel or “DUC” or “DI” for ductile iron
and shall be located near the producing foundry’s name.

Drainage Structures and Culverts

9-05

Grates and covers shall be seated properly to prevent rocking, including the replacement
of existing covers with solid metal covers. After seating, the frame and grate or frame
and cover shall be maintained as a unit. Alternate designs are acceptable provided they
conform to the manufacturer’s shop drawings approved prior to Award of the Contract.

9-05.15(3) Cast Metal Inlets

The castings for cast metal inlets shall be cast steel or ductile iron, and as shown in the

Standard Plans

. Alternate plans are acceptable provided they conform to the fabricator’s

shop drawings approved prior to Award of Contract.

9-05.16

Grate Inlets and Drop Inlets

Steel in grates, angles, and anchors for grate inlets shall conform to ASTM A36, except
structural tube shall conform to ASTM A500, Grade B, and structural shapes may
conform to ASTM A992. After fabrication, the steel shall be galvanized in accordance with
AASHTO M111, or galvanized with a hot-sprayed (plasma flame applied) 6 mil minimum
thickness plasma coating.

Steel grating shall be fabricated by weld connections. Welds, welding procedures, and
welding materials shall conform with the AWS D1.1/D1.1M, latest edition, Structural
Welding Code.

Alternate grate designs will be permitted, with the approval of the Engineer, providing
the hydraulic capacity is not decreased, the overall dimensions are the same allowing the
grate to be interchangeable, and the strength is essentially equal to the grate shown in
the

Standard Plans

or the Plans.

The Contractor has the option of furnishing either cast-in-place or precast inlets unless
otherwise shown in the Plans. Alternate designs are acceptable provided they conform to
the fabricator’s shop drawings approved prior to Award of the Contract.

9-05.17

Aluminum Spiral Rib Storm Sewer Pipe

Aluminum spiral storm sewer pipe shall meet the fabrication requirements of AASHTO
M196 and these Specifications. Aluminum alloy shall meet the material requirements of
AASHTO M97 (ASTM B744). The size and corrugation shall be as shown in the Plans or
in the Specifications. The size, metal, and protective treatment shall be as shown in the
Plans or in the Specifications.

The manufacturer of spiral rib storm sewer pipe shall furnish to the Engineer a
Manufacturer’s Certificate of Compliance stating that the materials furnished comply in
all respects with these Specifications. The Engineer may require additional information or
tests to be performed by the Contractor at no expense to the Contracting Agency.

Page 9-66

Drainage Structures and Culverts

9-05.17(1) Continuous Lock Seam Pipe

Pipes fabricated with a continuous helical lock seam parallel to the rib may be used for full
circle pipe. The lock seam shall be formed in the flat between ribs and shall conform to
Sections 13.2.1 through 13.2.5 of AASHTO M196.

9-05.17(1)A

Basis for Acceptance

The basis for acceptance will be a qualification test, conducted by the State Materials
Laboratory, for each manufacturer of spiral rib lock seam pipe. Only those specific pipe
sizes and gasket materials, if any, approved under the qualification test, will be accepted.

Continuous lock seam pipe shall be sampled and tested in accordance with AASHTO
T 249.

9-05.17(2) Coupling Bands

Coupling bands shall be of the same material as the pipe. Coupling bands and gaskets
shall conform to

Section 9-05.10(1)

9-05.18

Safety Bars for Culvert Pipe

Steel pipe used as safety bars and steel pipe used as sockets shall conform to ASTM
A53, Grade B. Steel tubing used as safety bars shall conform to ASTM A500, Grade B.
Steel plate shall conform to ASTM A36. All parts shall be galvanized after fabrication in
accordance with AASHTO M111.

9-05.19

Corrugated Polyethylene Culvert Pipe, Couplings, and Fittings

Corrugated polyethylene culvert pipe, couplings, and fittings shall meet the requirements
of AASHTO M 294 Type S or D for pipe 12- to 60-inch diameter with silt-tight joints.

Corrugated polyethylene culvert pipe manufacturers shall participate in the National
Transportation Product Evaluation Program (NTPEP) work plan for HDPE (High Density
Polyethylene) Thermoplastic Pipe and be listed on the NTPEP audit website displaying
they are NTPEP compliant.

Joints for corrugated polyethylene culvert pipe shall be made with either a bell/bell or
bell and spigot coupling and shall incorporate the use of a gasket conforming to the
requirements of ASTM D1056 Type 2 Class B Grade 3 or ASTM F477. All gaskets shall be
factory installed on the coupling or on the pipe by the qualified manufacturer.

Drainage Structures and Culverts

9-05

Qualification for each manufacturer of corrugated polyethylene culvert pipe requires
an approved joint system and a formal quality control plan for each plant proposed for
consideration.

A Manufacturer’s Certificate of Compliance shall be required and shall accompany the
materials delivered to the project. The certificate shall clearly identify production lots for
all materials represented. The Contracting Agency may conduct verification tests of pipe
stiffness or other properties as it deems appropriate.

9-05.20

Corrugated Polyethylene Storm Sewer Pipe, Couplings, and Fittings

Corrugated polyethylene storm sewer pipe, couplings, and fittings shall meet the
requirements of AASHTO M294 Type S or D. The maximum pipe diameter for corrugated
polyethylene storm sewer pipe shall be the diameter for which a manufacturer has
submitted. Fittings shall be blow molded, rotational molded, or factory welded.

Corrugated polyethylene storm sewer pipe manufacturers shall participate in the National
Transportation Product Evaluation Program (NTPEP) work plan for HDPE (High Density
Polyethylene) Thermoplastic Pipe and be listed on the NTPEP audit website displaying
they are NTPEP compliant.

All joints for corrugated polyethylene storm sewer pipe shall be made with a bell/bell or
bell and spigot coupling and shall conform to ASTM D3212 using elastomeric gaskets
conforming to ASTM F477. All gaskets shall be factory installed on the pipe in accordance
with the manufacturer’s recommendations.

Qualification for each manufacturer or corrugated polyethylene storm sewer pipe requires
joint system conformance to ASTM D3212 using elastomeric gaskets conforming to
ASTM F477 and a formal quality control plan for each plant proposed for consideration.

9-05.21

Steel Rib Reinforced Polyethylene Culvert Pipe

Steel rib reinforced polyethylene culvert pipe shall meet the requirements of ASTM
F2562 Class 1 for steel reinforced thermoplastic ribbed pipe and fittings for pipe 24 to
60 inches in diameter with silt-tight joints.

Silt-tight joints for steel reinforced polyethylene culvert pipe shall be made with a bell/
bell or bell and spigot coupling and shall incorporate the use of a gasket conforming
to the requirements of ASTM F477. All gaskets shall be installed on the pipe by the
manufacturer.

Qualification for each manufacturer of steel reinforced polyethylene culvert pipe requires
an approved joint system and a formal quality control plan for each plant proposed for
consideration.

Page 9-68

Drainage Structures and Culverts

9-05.22

Steel Rib Reinforced Polyethylene Storm Sewer Pipe

Steel rib reinforced polyethylene storm sewer pipe shall meet the requirements of ASTM
F2562 Class 1 for steel reinforced thermoplastic ribbed pipe and fittings. The maximum
diameter for steel reinforced polyethylene storm sewer pipe shall be the diameter for
which a manufacturer has submitted a qualified joint. Qualified manufacturers and
approved joints are listed in the Qualified Products List. Fittings shall be rotationally
molded, injection molded, or factory welded.

All joints for steel reinforced polyethylene storm sewer pipe shall be made with a bell and
spigot coupling and shall conform to ASTM D3212 using elastomeric gaskets conforming
to ASTM F477. All gaskets shall be installed on the pipe by the manufacturer.

Qualification for each manufacturer of steel reinforced polyethylene storm sewer
pipe requires joint system conformance to ASTM D3212 using elastomeric gaskets
conforming to ASTM F477 and a formal quality control plan for each plant proposed for
consideration.

9-05.23

High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Pipe

HDPE pipe shall be manufactured from resins meeting the requirements of ASTM
D3350 with a cell classification of 345464C and a Plastic Pipe Institute (PPI) designation
of PE 4710.

The pipes shall have a minimum standard dimension ratio (SDR) of 32.5.

HDPE pipe shall be joined into a continuous length by an approved joining method.

The joints shall not create an increase in the outside diameter of the pipe. The joints shall
be fused, snap together, or threaded. The joints shall be watertight, rubber gasketed if
applicable, and pressure testable to the requirements of ASTM D3212.

Joints to be welded by butt fusion shall meet the requirements of ASTM F2620 and the
manufacturer’s recommendations. Fusion equipment used in the joining procedure shall
be capable of meeting all conditions recommended by the pipe manufacturer, including,
but not limited to, fusion temperature, alignment, and fusion pressure. All field welds
shall be made with fusion equipment equipped with a Data Logger. Temperature, fusion
pressure, and a graphic representation of the fusion cycle shall be part of the Quality
Control records. Electro fusion may be used for field closures, as necessary. Joint strength
shall be equal to or greater than the tensile strength of the pipe.

Standard Specifications for Road, Bridge, and Municipal Construction 2020 (M 41-10) - page 49