Suzuki Grand Vitara JB416 / JB420 / JB419. Service manual - part 14

1A-3 Engine General Information and Diagnosis: For Petrol Engine Model

General Description

Statement on Cleanliness and Care

S6JB0A1111001

An automobile engine is a combination of many
machined, honed, polished and lapped surfaces with
tolerances that are measured in the thousands of an
millimeter (ten thousands of an inch).
Accordingly, when any internal engine parts are
serviced, care and cleanliness are important.
It should be understood that proper cleaning and
protection of machined surfaces and friction areas is part
of the repair procedure. This is considered standard
shop practice even if not specifically stated.
• A liberal coating of engine oil should be applied to

friction areas during assembly to protect and lubricate
the surfaces on initial operation.

• Whenever valve train components, pistons, piston

rings, connecting rods, rod bearings, and crankshaft
journal bearings are removed for service, they should
be retained in order.
At the time of installation, they should be installed in
the same locations and with the same mating
surfaces as when removed.

• Battery cables should be disconnected before any

major work is performed on the engine.
Failure to disconnect cables may result in damage to
wire harness or other electrical parts.

• The four cylinders of the engine are identified by

numbers; No.1 (1), No.2 (2), No.3 (3) and No.4 (4)
counted from crankshaft pulley side to flywheel side.

Engine Diagnosis General Description

S6JB0A1111002

This vehicle is equipped with an engine and emission
control system which are under control of ECM.
The engine and emission control system in this vehicle
are controlled by ECM. ECM has an On-Board
Diagnostic system which detects a malfunction in this
system and abnormality of those parts that influence the
engine exhaust emission. When diagnosing engine
troubles, be sure to have full understanding of the outline
of “On-Board Diagnostic System Description: For Petrol
Engine Model” and each item in “Precautions in
Diagnosing Trouble: For Petrol Engine Model” and
execute diagnosis according to “Engine and Emission
Control System Check: For Petrol Engine Model”.
There is a close relationship between the engine
mechanical, engine cooling system, ignition system,
exhaust system, etc. and the engine and emission
control system in their structure and operation. In case of
an engine trouble, even when the malfunction indicator
lamp (MIL) doesn’t turn ON, it should be diagnosed
according to “Engine and Emission Control System
Check: For Petrol Engine Model”.

[A]: J20 engine
[B]: M16 engine

[A]

[B]

I5JB0A110001-02

Engine General Information and Diagnosis: For Petrol Engine Model 1A-4

On-Board Diagnostic System Description

S6JB0A1111003

Euro OBD Model
ECM in this vehicle has the following functions.
• When the ignition switch is turned ON with the engine

at a stop, malfunction indicator lamp (MIL) (1) turns
ON to check the circuit of the malfunction indicator
lamp (1).

• When ECM detects a malfunction which gives an

adverse effect to vehicle emission while the engine is
running, it makes the malfunction indicator lamp (1) in
the meter cluster of the instrument panel turn ON or
flash (flashing only when detecting a misfire which
can cause damage to the catalyst) and stores the
malfunction area in its memory.
(If it detects that continuously 3 driving cycles are
normal after detecting a malfunction, however, it
makes MIL (1) turn OFF although DTC stored in its
memory will remain.)

• As a condition for detecting a malfunction in some

areas in the system being monitored by ECM and
turning ON the malfunction indicator lamp (1) due to
that malfunction, 2 driving cycle detection logic is
adopted to prevent erroneous detection.

• When a malfunction is detected, engine and driving

conditions then are stored in ECM memory as freeze
frame data. (For the details, refer to description on
“Freeze Frame Data (Euro OBD Model): For Petrol
Engine Model”.)

• It is possible to communicate by using not only

SUZUKI scan tool (2) but also OBD generic scan tool.
(Diagnostic information can be accessed by using a
scan tool.)

Non-Euro OBD Model or Vehicle Equipped with
Diagnosis Connector
ECM diagnosis troubles which may occur in the area
including the following parts when the ignition switch is
ON and the engine is running, and indicates the result by
turning on or flashing malfunction indicator lamp (1).
• A/F sensor (if equipped)
• Heated oxygen sensor (if equipped)
• ECT sensor
• TP sensor
• MAF sensor
• IAT sensor
• MAP sensor
• CMP sensor
• CKP sensor
• Knock sensor
• Wheel speed sensor
• CPU (Central Processing Unit) of ECM
• APP sensor
• Oil control valve (for M16 engine)
• Radiator cooling fan relay

3. DLC

I5JB0A110002-01

1A-5 Engine General Information and Diagnosis: For Petrol Engine Model

ECM and malfunction indicator lamp (1) operate as
follows.
• Malfunction indicator lamp (1) lights when the ignition

switch is turned ON (but the engine at stop) with the
diagnosis switch terminal ungrounded regardless of
the condition of Engine and Emission control system.
This is only to check the malfunction indicator lamp (1)
in the combination meter and its circuit.

• If the above areas of Engine and Emission control

system is free from any trouble after the engine start
(while engine is running), malfunction indicator lamp
(1) turns OFF.

• When ECM detects a trouble which has occurred in

the above areas, it makes malfunction indicator lamp
(1) turn ON while the engine is running to warn the
driver of such occurrence of trouble and at the same
time it stores the trouble area in ECM back-up
memory. (The memory is kept as it is even if the
trouble was only temporary and disappeared
immediately. And it is not erased unless the power to
ECM is shut off for specified time or it is cleared by
SUZUKI scan tool (2).)
Diagnostic information can be accessed by using
SUZUKI scan tool.
In addition, for vehicle equipped with diagnosis
connector, DTC can be read by not only using
SUZUKI scan tool but also displayed on odometer (5)
of the combination meter. (i.e. when diagnosis switch
terminal (3) is grounded with a service wire (4) and
ignition switch is turned ON.) For further detail of the
checking procedure, refer to “DTC Check: For Petrol
Engine Model”.

Warm-Up Cycle
A warm-up cycle means sufficient vehicle operation such
that the coolant temperature has risen by at least 22

°C

(40

°F) from engine starting and reaches a minimum

temperature of 70

°C (160 °F).

Driving Cycle
A “Driving Cycle” consists of engine startup and engine
shutoff.

2 Driving Cycle Detection Logic
The malfunction detected in the first driving cycle is
stored in ECM memory (in the form of pending DTC) but
the malfunction indicator lamp does not light at this time.
It lights up at the second detection of same malfunction
also in the next driving cycle.

Pending DTC
Pending DTC means a DTC detected and stored
temporarily at 1 driving cycle of the DTC which is
detected in the 2 driving cycle detection logic.

6. Diagnosis connector

I5JB0A110003-01

Engine General Information and Diagnosis: For Petrol Engine Model 1A-6

Freeze Frame Data (Euro OBD Model)
ECM stores the engine and driving conditions (in the
form of data as shown in the figure) at the moment of the
detection of a malfunction in its memory. This data is
called “Freeze frame data”.
Therefore, it is possible to know engine and driving
conditions (e.g., whether the engine was warm or not,
where the vehicle was running or stopped, where air/fuel
mixture was lean or rich) when a malfunction was
detected by checking the freeze frame data. Also, ECM
has a function to store each freeze frame data for three
different malfunctions in the order as each malfunction is
detected. Utilizing this function, it is possible to know the
order of malfunctions that have been detected. Its use is
helpful when rechecking or diagnosing a trouble.

Priority of freeze frame data:
ECM has 4 frames where the freeze frame data can be stored. The first frame stores the freeze frame data of the
malfunction which was detected first. However, the freeze frame data stored in this frame is updated according to the
priority described. (If malfunction as described in the upper square “1” is detected while the freeze frame data in the
lower square “2” has been stored, the freeze frame data “2” will be updated by the freeze frame data “1”.)

In the 2nd through the 4th frames, the freeze frame data of each malfunction is stored in the order as each malfunction
is detected. These data are not updated.
Shown in the table are examples of how freeze frame data are stored when two or more malfunctions are detected.

Freeze frame data clearance:
The freeze frame data is cleared at the same time as clearance of DTC.

[A]: 1st or 2nd in parentheses here represents which position in the order

the malfunction is detected.

[A]

I3RB0A110002-01

Priority

Freeze frame data in frame 1

Freeze frame data at initial detection of malfunction among misfire detected (P0300 – P0304), fuel
system too lean (P0171) and fuel system too rich (P0172)

Freeze frame data when a malfunction other than those in “1” is detected

Malfunction detected order

Frame

Frame 1

Frame 2

Frame 3

Frame 4

Freeze frame data to

be updated

1st freeze frame

data

2nd freeze frame

data

3rd freeze frame

data

No malfunction

No freeze frame data

P0401 (EGR)
detected

Data at P0401
detection

—

P0171 (Fuel system)
detected

Data at P0171
detection

Data at P0401
detection

Data at P0171
detection

—

P0300 (Misfire)
detected

Data at P0171
detection

Data at P0401
detection

Data at P0171
detection

Data at P0300
detection

P0301 (Misfire)
detected

Data at P0171
detection

Data at P0401
detection

Data at P0171
detection

Data at P0300
detection

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