SANY Crawler Hydraulic Excavator SY215CLC (CUMMINS QSB6.7 engine). Shop Manual - page 29

Troubleshooting

SY215C

7-90

7.5.3

Troubleshooting of Hydraulic and Mechanical Systems (H - Code)

A Schematic of hydraulic system and mechanical system ........................................................ 7-91
Information contained in troubleshooting table .......................................................................... 7-93
H-1 Work equipment speed slow, or swing and travel speeds slow ......................................... 7-94
H-2 Engine speed drops sharply or engine stalls ..................................................................... 7-95
H-3 Work equipment, swing, and travel systems do not work .................................................. 7-96
H-4 Abnormal noise in hydraulic pump ..................................................................................... 7-97
H-5 Auto idle not functioning..................................................................................................... 7-98
H-6 Boom-raise speed or power is low..................................................................................... 7-99
H-7 Arm speed or power is low............................................................................................... 7-100
H-8 Bucket speed or power is low .......................................................................................... 7-101
H-9 Work equipment cylinders no response in separate operation ....................................... 7-102
H-10 Work equipment drifts excessively ................................................................................ 7-103
H-11 Work equipment moves sluggishly ............................................................................... 7-105
H-12 Other work equipment moves while single oil circuit is relieved .................................... 7-105
H-13 Travel speed drops considerably while swinging and travelling .................................... 7-106
H-14 Machine deviates during travel ...................................................................................... 7-107
H-15 Travel speed or power is low ......................................................................................... 7-108
H-16 Machine is not steered well or steering power is low..................................................... 7-109
H-17 Travel speed cannot be changed................................................................................... 7-110
H-18 Travel system fails (only at one side)..............................................................................7-111
H-19 Swing operation fails...................................................................................................... 7-112
H-20 Swing acceleration poor or swing speed low ................................................................. 7-114
H-21 Upper structure overruns remarkably when it stops swinging ....................................... 7-116
H-22 Large shock is produced when upper structure stops swinging .................................... 7-117
H-23 High noise is produced when upper structure stops swinging ....................................... 7-117
H-24 Swing drift excessive ..................................................................................................... 7-118

Troubleshooting

SY215C

7-91

A Schematic of hydraulic system and mechanical system

1
2

REAR

FRONT

ZX225-1105039

PILOT VALVE - L

PILOT VALVE - TRAVEL

PILOT VALVE - R

OUT

LEFT

RIGHT

LOWER

RAISE

BWD

FWD

CURL

DUMP

FWD

BWD

ARM

SWING

TRAVEL
(LEFT)

TRAVEL
(RIGHT)

BOOM

BUCKET

ACCUMULATOR

LOCK
(PILOT VALVE )

BUCKET CONFLUENCE

SWING PRIORITY

VARIABLE SPEED
(TRAVEL)

BOOM PRIORITY

REGULATOR

SERVO
MECHANISM

Troubleshooting

SY215C

7-92

★

The system schematic is a simplified hydraulic circuit schematic, which can be used as a
reference to the hydraulic system and the mechanical system.

ZX225-1105040

S&S

S&S:

Su:

Sa:

BUCKET
CYLINDER

BOOM
CYLINDER

TRAVEL
MOTOR (L)

BALANCE VALVE

SERVO

MECHANISM

TRAVEL
MOTOR (R)

BACKUP ACTUATOR

BUCKET
CYLINDER

SAFETY VALVE

SUCTION VALVE

SAFETY&SUCTION

SWING
MOTOR

ANTISWING VALVE

ANTISWING

VALVE

BALANCE VALVE

SERVO

MECHANISM

ARM 2 VALVE

BUCKET
VALVE

BOOM
VALVE

BACKUP
VALVE

R. TRAVEL
VALVE

BOOM 2

SWING
VALVE

l. TRAVEL
VALVE

STRT. TRAVEL
VALVE

ARM VALVE
REG. VALVE

BUCKET
CONFLUENCE

ARM HOLD

VALVE

BOOM HOLD

VALVE

BACKUP VALVE
CONFLUENCE

Troubleshooting

SY215C

7-93

Information contained in troubleshooting table

Trouble

Trouble which occurs on the machine

Related information

Information related to detected trouble or troubleshooting

Possible causes and standard value in normal state

Cause

Standard value in normal state/Remarks on troubleshooting

Possible causes of

trouble (Given numbers

are reference numbers,

which do not indicate

priority)

< Description >

●

Standard value in

normal state, which is used to judge possible

causes that might be OK or N/G.

●

A reference value is used to determine OK or N/G.

★

The following information is contained in the troubleshooting table and related electric circuit
diagrams. Fully understand these information before carrying out troubleshooting.

Troubleshooting

SY215C

7-94

H-1 Work equipment speed slow, or swing and travel speeds slow

Trouble

●

Work equipment speed is slow or the travel and swing speeds
are slow.

Related information

●

Set working mode to (S) and fuel control dial at position (10) to
carry out troubleshooting.

Possible causes and standard value in normal state

Cause

Standard value in normal state/Remarks on troubleshooting

Defective

adjustment or

malfunction

of main relief

valve

★

Stop the engine. Perform troubleshooting while the engine is running at
high idle.

Control levers

Main relief pressure

Arm in

33~34.3 MPa

{337~350 kg/cm²}

If normal pressure cannot be restored after adjustment, it is possible the fail-

ure of main relief valve or internal defect. Check the valve directly.

Malfunction

of pilot relief

valve

★

Stop the engine. Perform troubleshooting while the engine is running at
high idle.

Control levers

Pilot control pressure

All levers in "NEUTRAL"

3.9~4.1 MPa

{40~42 kg/cm²}

Malfunction of

regulator

The regulator possibly fails. Check the servo mechanism of the regulator.

Malfunction of

main pump

If the trouble is caused by other factors, it might be the main pump that has
performance deterioration, malfunction or internal defect.

Troubleshooting

SY215C

7-95

H-2 Engine speed drops sharply or engine stalls

Trouble

●

Engine speed drops sharply or engine stalls.

Related information

●

Information concerned

Possible causes and standard value in nor-

mal state

Cause

Standard value in normal state/Remarks on troubleshooting

Failure of injection pump Injection pump may be defective. Check it directly.

Malfunction of regulator

Regulator may have malfunction. Check its servo mechanism.

Clogging of oil

lter ele-

ment

Oil

lter element may be clogged. Check the element directly.

Carbon buildup at fuel
injection nozzle

Carbon built up at fuel injection nozzle. Check it directly.

Clogging of air cleaner

Air cleaner may be clogged. Check it directly.

Abnormal wear of engine Engine may be worn abnormally. Check it directly.

Failure of oil pump

Oil pump may be defective. Check it directly.

Troubleshooting

SY215C

7-96

H-3 Work equipment, swing, and travel systems do not work

Trouble

●

Whole work equipment, swing, and travel systems do not work.

Related information

●

Set working mode to (S) and fuel control dial at position (10) to
carry out troubleshooting.

Possible causes and standard value in normal state

Cause

Standard value in normal state/Remarks on troubleshooting

Malfunction of pilot

relief solenoid valve

★

Stop the engine. Perform troubleshooting while the engine is run-
ning at high idle.

Pilot lockout control lever

Pilot relief pressure

LOCKED

0 {0}

FREE

3.9~4.1 MPa

{40~42 kg/cm²}

Failure of relief valve

(pilot pump)

★

Stop the engine. Perform troubleshooting while the engine is run-
ning at high idle.

Control lever

Pilot relief pressure

All levers in "NEUTRAL"

3.9~4.1 MPa

{40~42 kg/cm²}

Failure of hydraulic

pump

The main pump may have malfunction or internal defect. Check it by
following method.

●

Remove the oil pressure measurement plug and start the engine. If
oil

ows out of the opening, the piston pump is in good condition.

Failure of coupling

Internal failure of the coupling can stop rotation of the pump shaft.
Check the coupling.

●

Loosen the oil delivery line of the pilot pump. If no oil is seen, it is
probably the failure of coupling.

Troubleshooting

SY215C

7-97

H-4 Abnormal noise in hydraulic pump

Trouble

●

Abnormal noise is produced from the hydraulic pump

Related information

―

Possible causes and standard value in normal

state

Cause

Standard value in normal state/Remarks on troubleshooting

Low level of
hydraulic oil

Make a visual check.

Inferior hydrau-
lic oil

Hydraulic oil probably contains air. Make a visual check.

Clogging of
vent on top of
hydraulic tank

It is probably the clogging of the vent on top of the hydraulic tank that
causes negative pressure in the hydraulic tank. Press the release button of
the breather valve to eliminate air. Check again if the noise disappears.

Clogging of
hydraulic tank
strainer

It is probably the clogging of hydraulic tank strainer that causes negative
pressure in the oil suction line. Make a visual check.

Failure of main
pump

The main pump may have internal defect. Check the main pump.

Troubleshooting

SY215C

7-98

H-5 Auto idle not functioning

Trouble

●

Auto-deceleration is not functioning.

Related information

●

Set working mode to (S) and fuel control dial at position (10) to
carry out troubleshooting.

Possible causes and standard value in normal state

Cause

Standard value in normal state/Remarks on troubleshooting

Malfunction

of sensor

★

Stop the engine. Perform troubleshooting while the engine is running at high
idle.

Control levers

Pilot valve output pressure

"NEUTRAL"

0 {0}

Operation

3.5~4.1MPa

{36~42 kg/cm²}

Malfunction

of pilot valve

★

Stop the engine. Perform troubleshooting while the engine is running at high
idle.

Control levers

Pilot valve output pressure

"NEUTRAL"

0 {0}

Operation

3.5~4.1MPa

{36~42 kg/cm²}

Failure of

controller

Controller may be defective. Check it directly.

Troubleshooting

SY215C

7-99

H-6 Boom-raise speed or power is low

Trouble

●

The boom moves slowly.

Related information

●

Set working mode to (S) and fuel control dial at position (10) to
carry out troubleshooting.

Possible causes and standard value in normal state

Cause

Standard value in normal state/Remarks on troubleshooting

Malfunction of right
pilot valve (boom
circuit)

★

Stop the engine. Perform troubleshooting while the engine is running
at high idle.

Boom control lever

Pilot valve output pressure

"NEUTRAL"

0 {0}

Boom RAISE

Boom LOWER

≥

3.5MPa

{36 kg/cm²}

Failure of pressure
sensor

★

Stop the engine. Perform troubleshooting while the engine is running
at high idle.

Check the pressure sensor by replacing it with a new one.

Malfunction of boom
control valve (spool)

Spool of boom control valve may have malfunction. Check it directly.

Malfunction of boom
control valve (re-
taining valve)

Retaining valve of boom control valve may have malfunction. Check the
valve directly.

Malfunction or de-
fective seal of boom
control valve
(Relief valve and
makeup valve)

The relief valve and makeup valve in boom control valve may have mal-
function or defective seal. Check the valves directly.

Failure of boom
cylinder

★

Stop the engine. Perform troubleshooting while the engine is running
at high idle.

Charge the bucket with a load of approximate 1260 kg. Cut off the oil
passage to the high-pressure side of the cylinder. Disconnect the cylin-
der from the main valve. Measure the displacement of piston for 15 min-
utes after the cylinder becomes stable. If the measured value is greater
than 10 mm, it is deemed that cylinder has a defective seal. For more
information on the measuring procedure, see "Work Equipment Hydrau-
lic Drift - Test" on page 6-26.

Troubleshooting

SY215C

7-100

H-7 Arm speed or power is low

Trouble

●

The arm moves slowly.

Related information

●

Set working mode to (S) and fuel control dial at position (10) to
carry out troubleshooting.

Possible causes and standard value in normal state

Cause

Standard value in normal state/Remarks on troubleshooting

Malfunction of left pilot

valve (arm circuit)

★

Stop the engine. Perform troubleshooting while the engine is
running at high idle.

Arm control lever

Pilot valve output pressure

"NEUTRAL"

0 {0}

Arm IN or Arm OUT

≥

3.5MPa

{36 kg/cm²}

2 Failure of pressure sensor

★

Stop the engine. Perform troubleshooting while the engine is
running at high idle.

Check the pressure sensor by replacing it with a new one.

Malfunction of arm control

valve (spool)

Spool of arm control valve may have malfunction. Check it directly.

Malfunction of arm control
valve (regeneration valve)

Regeneration valve of arm control valve may have malfunction.
Check it directly.

Malfunction or defective

seal of arm control valve

(Relief valve and makeup

valve)

The relief valve or makeup valve inside the arm control valve may
have malfunction or defective seal. Check the valves directly.

Failure of arm cylinder

★

Stop the engine. Perform troubleshooting while the engine is
running at high idle.

Cut off the oil passage to the high-pressure side of the cylinder.
Disconnect the cylinder from the main valve. Measure the displace-
ment of piston for 15 minutes after the cylinder becomes stable. If
the measured value is greater than 10 mm, it is deemed that cyl-
inder has a defective seal. For more information on the measuring
procedure, see "Work Equipment Hydraulic Drift - Test" on page 6-26.

Troubleshooting

SY215C

7-101

H-8 Bucket speed or power is low

Trouble

●

The bucket moves slowly.

Related information

●

Set working mode to (S) and fuel control dial at position (10) to
carry out troubleshooting.

Possible causes and standard value in normal state

Cause

Standard value in normal state/Remarks on troubleshooting

Malfunction of right

pilot valve (bucket

circuit)

★

Stop the engine. Perform troubleshooting while the engine is running
at high idle.

Bucket control lever

Pilot valve output pressure

"NEUTRAL"

0 {0}

Bucket CURL or Bucket DUMP

≥

3.5MPa

{36 kg/cm²}

Failure of pressure

sensor

★

Stop the engine. Perform troubleshooting while the engine is running
at high idle.

Check the pressure sensor by replacing it with a new one.

Malfunction of

bucket control valve

(spool)

Spool of bucket control valve may have malfunction. Check it directly.

Malfunction or

defective seal of

bucket control valve

(relief valve and

makeup valve)

Relief valve and makeup valve in bucket control valve may have mal-
function or defective seal. Check the valves directly.

Failure of bucket

cylinder

★

Stop the engine. Perform troubleshooting while the engine is running
at high idle.

Troubleshooting

SY215C

7-102

H-9 Work equipment cylinders no response in separate operation

Trouble

●

Boom cylinder gives no response in separate operation.

●

Arm cylinder gives no response in separate operation.

●

Bucket cylinder gives no response in separate operation.

Related information

●

Set working mode to (S) and fuel control dial at position (10) to
carry out troubleshooting.

Possible causes and standard value in normal

state

Cause

Standard value in normal state/Remarks on troubleshooting

1 Malfunction of pilot valve

★

Stop the engine. Perform troubleshooting while the engine is
running at high idle.

Work equipment control lever

Pilot valve output pressure

"NEUTRAL"

0 {0}

DIG or DUMP

≥

3.5MPa

{36 kg/cm²}

Failure of pressure sen-

sor

★

Stop the engine. Perform troubleshooting while the engine is
running at high idle.

Check the pressure sensor by replacing it with a new one.

Malfunction of control

valve (spool)

Spool of control valve may have malfunction. Check it directly.

Troubleshooting

SY215C

7-103

H-10 Work equipment drifts excessively

Trouble (1)

●

The boom drifts at excessive speed.

Related information

●

Set working mode to (S) and fuel control dial at position (10) to
carry out troubleshooting.

Possible causes and standard value in normal state

Cause

Standard value in normal state/Remarks on troubleshooting

Failure of boom cylinder

★

Stop the engine. Perform troubleshooting while the engine is
running at high idle.

Charge the bucket with a load of approximate 1260 kg. Cut off the
oil passage to the high-pressure side of the cylinder. Disconnect the
cylinder from the main valve. Measure the displacement of piston
for 15 minutes after the cylinder becomes stable. If the measured
value is greater than 10 mm, it is deemed that cylinder has a defec-
tive seal. For more information on the measuring procedure, see
"Work Equipment Hydraulic Drift - Test" on page 6-26.

Failure of boom retain-

ing valve

Boom retaining valve or pilot valve may be worn or sluggish. Check
the valves.

Malfunction or defective

seal of boom control

valve (relief valve and

makeup valve)

The relief valve and the makeup valve in the boom control valve
may have a defective seal. Check the seals.

Failure of boom valve

spool

Spool of boom valve may be worn excessively. Check the spool.

Troubleshooting

SY215C

7-104

Trouble (2)

●

The arm drifts excessively.

Related information

●

Set working mode to (S) and fuel control dial at position (10) to
carry out troubleshooting.

Possible causes and standard value in normal state

Cause

Standard value in normal state/Remarks on troubleshooting

Failure of arm

cylinder

★

Stop the engine. Perform troubleshooting while the engine is running at
high idle.

Cut off the oil passage to the high-pressure side of the cylinder. Disconnect
the cylinder from the main valve. Measure the displacement of piston for 15
minutes after the cylinder becomes stable. If the measured value is greater
than 10 mm, it is deemed that cylinder has a defective seal. For more infor-
mation on the measuring procedure, see "Work Equipment Hydraulic Drift -
Test" on page 6-26.

Malfunction or

defective seal of

arm control valve

(relief valve and

makeup valve)

Relief valve or makeup valve of the arm control valve may be defective.
Check the valves directly.

★

The performance of seal can be judged by replacing it with another
relief valve or makeup valve.

(Do not replace it with the boom-down

relief valve or makeup valve as their pressures are set differently.)

Failure of arm

retaining valve

Arm retaining valve or pilot valve may be worn or sluggish. Check the
valves.

Failure of arm

valve (spool)

Arm valve (spool) may be worn excessively. Check it directly.

Trouble (3)

●

The bucket drifts excessively.

Related information

●

Set working mode to (S) and fuel control dial at position (10) to
carry out troubleshooting.

Possible causes and standard value in nor-

mal state

Cause

Standard value in normal state/Remarks on troubleshooting

Failure of bucket

cylinder

★

Stop the engine. Perform troubleshooting while the engine is running
at high idle.

Bucket control lever

Leakage from bucket cylinder

Bucket-in relief

20 ml/min

Defective seal

of bucket control

valve (relief valve

and makeup valve)

Seal of relief valve or makeup valve of bucket control valve may be defec-
tive. Check it directly.

★

The performance of seal can be judged by replacing it with another
relief valve or makeup valve. (Do not replace it with the boom-down
relief valve or makeup valve as their pressures are set differently.)

Defective seal

of bucket control

valve (spool)

Seal of bucket control valve spool may be defective. Check it directly.

Troubleshooting

SY215C

7-105

H-11 Work equipment moves sluggishly

Trouble

●

Work equipment moves sluggishly.

Related information

●

Set working mode to (S) and fuel control dial at position (10) to
carry out troubleshooting.

Possible causes and standard value

in normal state

Cause

Standard value in normal state/Remarks on troubleshooting

Malfunction of arm
regeneration valve

Regeneration valve of arm may have malfunction. Check it directly.

Malfunction of

control valve (relief

valve and makeup

valve)

Relief valve or makeup valve of control valve may have malfunction.
Check it directly.

★

For arm and boom, whether a valve has malfunction can be judged
by replacing it with another relief valve or makeup valve.

(Do not replace it with the boom-lower relief valve or makeup valve as
their pressures are set differently. )

Trouble

●

Other work equipment moves while single oil circuit of certain work equip-
ment is relieved.

Related information

●

Set the working mode to (S) in order to perform troubleshooting.

Possible causes and standard value in

normal state

Cause

Standard value in normal state/Remarks on troubleshooting

Defective seal of

control valve

Seal of control valve may be defective. Check it directly.

H-12 Other work equipment moves while single oil circuit is relieved

Content .. 27 28 29 30 ..