Military reference books and manuals (2009-2023, Volume 5)

CJCSM 3212.02C

20 March 2011

ENCLOSURE G

EA FREQUENCY CLEARANCE NOTIFICATION

1. Office Responsible for EA Clearance Notification. EA frequency clearance

approval notification will be issued by the MILDEP FMO not later than (NLT) 10

working days prior to the proposed start date.

2. Contents of EA Approval Clearance Notification. Approval notification will

contain the following information:

a. Action Addressees. Service frequency coordinator and controlling

agency that initiated request.

b. Subject.

“EA Clearance Notification for National Frequencies.”

c. Reference. EA clearance request control number.

d. Initiation and Expiration Dates

e. Area of Operation. Name of range, MOA, restricted area, warning area

and coordinates and approved altitudes for airborne operations.

f. Hours. Weekly or daily operating hours, EA start/stop times (in UTC

and local) and duration of EA in hours.

g. Frequencies Approved

(1) Buzzer. Bands, channels, or specific frequencies approved for

jamming with BWs will be listed. Frequencies denied may be listed as well.

(2) Chaff. For burst or stream, frequency bands affected will be

indicated.

“NONE” will be indicated, if denied.

h. Remarks. Information on restrictions, distribution, and special

procedures will be placed here. Include statement “CEASE BUZZER

procedures will be in effect.” List EA mission POC, telephone (DSN and

commercial), and organization. If clearance approval notification does not

provide specific dates and times, include the statement, “Note: EA notification

message will be sent by operating unit to addressees as above, NLT 10 working

days prior to EA operations. Reference this clearance approval notification,

and state date and time EA will be conducted.”

G-1

Enclosure G

CJCSM 3212.02C

20 March 2011

3. In-Flight EA Notification

a. ARTCC, NORAD, and Range Controller Notification. Clearance requests,

which have been approved at the national level, allow EW users to conduct air,

land, or sea-based operations within the CONUS. Direct in-flight notification of

EA activity to ARTCC, NORAD, and/or the range controller, which have

jurisdiction over the areas where operations have been approved, is mandatory.

No additional in-flight clearance requests for EA outside the planned training

scenario should be attempted. Only EA activity previously approved may be

conducted. The previously approved EA activity will be indicated on the flight

plan (DD Form 175). The Cheyenne Mountain Operations Center (CMOC),

Command Director (CD), as CDR NORAD/CDR USNORTHCOM representative,

is authorized to direct the termination of any EA activity adversely affecting the

ability to carry out the mission of the surveillance of air and space against an

attack on North America. Additionally, agencies (air space managers and DOD

AFC offices) having jurisdiction over airspace involved in EW activity can deny

EW activity for safety-of-flight considerations or scheduling conflicts.

(1) Notification Information. Notify FAA, NORAD, and/or range

controllers (as appropriate) of the following flight information to confirm EW

activity:

(a) Aircraft call sign and flight level.

(b) FAA approval number (EW request number, e.g., 1ECRG90-4).

(burst or stream chaff, active decoys, unattended jammers)).

(d) Frequency bands and channels affected (see Enclosure I for

band designations).

(e) Location and duration of EW activity. NOTE: Chaff fall rate and

wind factors are used to determine area of burst or stream activity.

(2) Frequency Band Designators. All references to RF bands for EA

clearance purposes will use numeric designations in MHz. For example,

“Center, buzzer three one two five megahertz through three three zero zero

megahertz.” The entire list and a cross-reference graph to former designators

are in Enclosure I.

(3) Notification of the EA activity must be relayed to the NORAD

region/sector having jurisdiction over the involved airspace. EA activity will be

coordinated with the applicable ARTCC. In CONUS when NORAD is not within

radio range, aircrews must contact the ARTCC and request they notify NORAD

G-2

Enclosure G

CJCSM 3212.02C

20 March 2011

of EA activity. In-flight EA notification must be accomplished at least 10

minutes before desired EA start time.

(4) In Canada, aircrews are to contact the Mission Crew Commander,

North Bay, at telephone numbers (DSN) 319-628-6401(6402, 6404, or 6405) or

commercial 705-494-6011, then local 6401 (6402, 6404, or 6405).

(5) Previously approved burst chaff drops will only be accomplished

after final approval is received immediately preceding the drop, from the

ARTCC, NORAD, and/or range controller having jurisdiction over the airspace.

(6) If approved EA activity is denied, the reason for denial will be given

and treated as a CEASE BUZZER. Document appropriate information for

reference.

b. NORAD Notification Procedures. For pre-approved EW clearance

requests, if activity, will affect national frequencies within bands D-3, D-4, E-8,

E-9, G-6, I-3, I-4, I-5, I-6, I-7, I-8, K-2, or K-3 (see Enclosure I); or if activity

will affect FAA or NORAD joint-surveillance radars, NORAD will notify the

applicable AFC when EW operations may impact operations in an EW

geographic area of cognizance (see Enclosure M).

4. Clearance Notification. After validating the EA clearance notification

received from the MILDEP FMO, the Service frequency coordinator will provide

approval notification to the controlling agency making the request. The Service

frequency coordinator will also send the EA clearance notification to the

following as information addressees:

a. CDR USNORTHCOM//J3/J6/J653/J7/JFMO//.

b. CDR USJFCOM NORFOLK VA//J3/J6/J7// and JFMO LANT

NORFOLK VA (for training/exercises conducted under USJFCOM auspices).

c. Operating units as appropriate.

d. CMOC CHEYENNE MOUNTAIN AFS CO//J3/J35/AWC/MWC/SCC//.

e. DOD AFC (see Enclosure L).

f. HQ FAA Washington DC/ASR-100 if applicable.

g. FCC Washington DC/Frequency Liaison Branch, if applicable.

h. National Weather Service, as appropriate.

i. Appropriate FCC field operations office (see Enclosure J), if applicable.

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Enclosure G

CJCSM 3212.02C

20 March 2011

j. Appropriate FAA ARTCC, if applicable.

k. FAA Regional FMO (see Enclosure K), if applicable.

l. For Canadian clearances, refer to Enclosure C, subparagraph 4d.

m. Appropriate NORAD regions/sectors that may be affected

n. HQ USAF WASHINGTON DC//AF/A5RE//, and additionally for space-

related operations:

AF/A3Z-SC, AF/A3Z-ST, AF/A3Z-SO.

o. COGARD NAVCEN ALEXANDRIA VA//NIS// (for maritime operations).

p. DISA JSC COMMCTR

q. NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION

ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON DC.

r. AFFMA ALEXANDRIA VA//DOO//; (Note: AFFMA SIPRNET address is:

MLA-AFFMA-EW@affma.af.smil.mil).

s. GPS SUPPORT CENTER SCHRIEVER AFB CO.

t. NAVEMSCEN WASHINGTON DC//323//.

u. ARMY SPECTRUM MGT ALEXANDRIA VA//NETC-EST-V//.

G-4

Enclosure G

CJCSM 3212.02C

20 March 2011

ENCLOSURE H

CEASE BUZZER/CEASE MUSIC PROCEDURES

1. CEASE BUZZER/CEASE MUSIC Procedures. When suspension of EW

activity is required for safety-of-flight reasons, in cases of harmful interference

to authorized users of the RF spectrum, or for OPSEC reasons, the following

procedures will be used:

a. Communications Monitoring. During airborne EW, all EW aircraft must

monitor the emergency guard frequency (either 121.5 or 243.0 MHz)

continuously, in addition to the frequency designated for CEASE BUZZER

requests.

b. Safety of Flight. Authorized users of the spectrum requesting CEASE

BUZZER / CEASE MUSIC for safety-of-flight reasons will broadcast the request

directly to the EW originator on the frequency in use or on an emergency guard

frequency or will request CEASE BUZZER / CEASE MUSIC through the

controlling agency or AFC via ground to air radio. Everyone else must contact

Range Control or the AFC by phone for a CEASE BUZZER / CEASE MUSIC

order. EW originator will immediately cease the EW activity and notify the

requester of termination.

c. Other than Safety of Flight. Authorized users of the spectrum

requesting CEASE BUZZER / CEASE MUSIC for other than safety-of-flight

reasons will contact the appropriate controlling agency and provide

identification, type of facility, RF bands involved, and duration of suspension.

For example, “Boston Sector, this is Boston Center request CEASE BUZZER

2,200 megahertz through 2,300 megahertz for 5 minutes.” The controlling

agency will immediately pass the CEASE BUZZER request to the EW source

relaying the appropriate information. For example, “Bounder 31 this is Boston

Sector. CEASE BUZZER 2,200 megahertz through 2,300 megahertz for 5

minutes.”

d. Reinstatement of EW. Facilities requesting suspension of EW will notify

the controlling agency or EW originator when EW activity may be resumed.

e. Documentation. EW operators and controlling agencies, as appropriate,

will log all pertinent information regarding the CEASE BUZZER / CEASE

MUSIC request and compliance; i.e., time, RF bands, requester, time of

reinstatement and method by which request was received. Logs will be

retained in accordance with Service directives governing control logs.

H-1

Enclosure H

CJCSM 3212.02C

20 March 2011

ENCLOSURE I

EW FREQUENCY BAND DESIGNATIONS

1. Operational Band and Channel Codes. The bands and channels listed in

Table 3 are set up to give one standard system of frequency band designations

for EW operations and to facilitate the operational control of EW. The bands

are identified in alphabetical sequence. Each band is divided into 10

numerical channels. The phonetic alphabet and numerical channel numbers

are used to identify the EW frequency. During operations, when it becomes

necessary to identify an exact frequency, the frequency is specified as a

numerical designation (lowest frequency in any channel) plus frequency in MHz

above the base frequency. Example for 1315 MHz: DELTA 4 covers the

frequency range 1,300-1,400 MHz; 1,315 MHz would therefore be designated

DELTA 4 plus 15.

Band

Frequency (MHz)

Channel Width (MHz)

A(lpha)

0 - 250

B(ravo)

250 - 500

C(harlie)

500 - 1,000

D(elta)

1,000 - 2,000

100

E(cho)

2,000 - 3,000

100

F(oxtrot)

3,000 - 4,000

100

G(olf)

4,000 - 6,000

200

H(otel)

6,000 - 8,000

200

I(ndia)

8,000 - 10,000

200

J(uliet)

10,000 - 20,000

1,000

K(ilo)

20,000 - 40,000

2,000

L(ima)

40,000 - 60,000

2,000

M(ike)

60,000 - 100,000

4,000

N(ovember)

100,000 - 200,000

10,000

O(scar)

200,000 - 300,000

10,000

Table 3. EW Frequency Band Designations

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Enclosure I

CJCSM 3212.02C

20 March 2011

2. EA Coordination Requirements by Frequency Band

a. Canada: All EA performed in Canada requires national coordination.

b. United States: Table 4 has been coordinated at the national level. The

status of the frequency bands for EW in the United States is annotated below

as “Local,” “Local (FCC),” or “National.” Each status is defined in the Glossary

of this manual and in the procedures in Enclosure C.

c. National Coordination: In Table 4, “National” coordination requires the

request be forwarded to the cognizant MILDEP FMO for coordination. The

frequency bands are listed consecutively to include all frequencies for ease of

understanding. Obviously, one frequency cannot be both national and local.

Therefore, the following rules apply. All frequency bands designated national

are inclusive. All “Local” or “Local (FCC)” frequencies adjacent to a national

frequency band begin or end at the first increment adjacent to the national

frequencies. Local (FCC) frequencies are inclusive when adjacent to a local

frequency. For example, in the band 25-50 MHz, all frequencies from 25 MHz

through 50 MHz require national coordination; frequencies 50.001 MHz

through 53.999 MHz require local coordination; and frequencies 54MHz

through 72.999 MHz require local (FCC) coordination. NOTE: The reallocation

of federal RF spectrum is an ongoing process. Reallocation may affect testing

in some of the spectrum bands listed in Table 4. The MILDEP FMOs have the

latest information on spectrum reallocation actions and will factor this

knowledge into the national coordination process.

Channel

(MHz)

United States

A-1

0-25

National

A-2

25-50

National

A-3

50-75.2

[50-54

Local

54-73

Local (FCC)

73-75.2]

National¹

A-4

75.2-100

[75.2-75.4

National

75.4-100]

Local (FCC)

A-5

100-125

[100-108

Local (FCC)

108-125]

National¹

A-6

125-150

[125-138

National¹

138-150]

Local

Table 4 Coordination Level Required by Channel and Frequency

I-2

Enclosure I

CJCSM 3212.02C

20 March 2011

Channel

(MHz)

United States

A-7

150-175

[150-156

Local

156-158

National

158-161

Local

161-174

National

174-175]

Local (FCC)

A-8

175-200

Local (FCC)

A-9

200-225

[200-216

Local (FCC)

216-222

National

222-225]

Local

A-10

225-250

[225-242.5

National¹

242.5-243.5

National (Guard

Frequency)¹

243.5-250]

National¹

B-1

250-275

National¹

B-2

275-300

National¹

B-3

300-325

National¹

B-4

325-350

National¹

B-5

350-375

National¹

B-6

375-400

National¹

B-7

400-425

[400-420

National

420-425]

Local

B-8

425-450

[425-448

Local

448-450]

National

B-9

450-475

National

B-10

475-500

National

C-1

500-550

[500-512

National¹

512-550]

Local (FCC)

Table 4 Coordination Level Required by Channel and Frequency (Continued)

I-1

Enclosure I

CJCSM 3212.02C

20 March 2011

Channel

(MHz)

United States

C-2

550-600

Local (FCC)

C-3

600-650

[600-608

Local (FCC)

608-614

National

614-650]

Local (FCC)

C-4

650-700

Local (FCC)

C-5

700-750

Local (FCC)

C-6

750-800

Local (FCC)

C-7

800-850

[800-806

Local (FCC)

806-850]

National

C-8

850-900

National

C-9

900-950

[900-902

National

902-928

Local

928-950]

National¹

C-10

950-1,000

[950-960

National

960-1000]

National¹

D-1

1,000-1,100

National¹

D-2

1,100-1,200

National¹

D-3

1,200-1,300

National¹

D-4

1,300-1,400

[1,300-1,390

National¹

1,390-1,400]

National

D-5

1,400-1,500

National¹

D-6

1,500-1,600

National¹

D-7

1,600-1,700

National¹

D-8

1,700-1,800

National

D-9

1,800-1,900

National

D-10

1,900-2,000

National

Table 4 Coordination Level Required by Channel and Frequency (Continued)

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Enclosure I

CJCSM 3212.02C

20 March 2011

Channel

(MHz)

United States

E-1

2,000-2,100

National

E-2

2,100-2,200

National

E-3

2,200-2,300

National

E-4

2,300-2,400

[2,300-2,305

Local

2,305-2,390

National

2,390-2,400]

Local

E-5

2,400-2,500

[2,400-2,483.5

Local

2,483.5-2,500]

National

E-6

2,500-2,600

National

E-7

2,600-2,700

National

E-8

2,700-2,800

National¹

E-9

2,800-2,900

National¹

E-10

2,900-3,000

National

F-1

3,000-3,100

National

F-2

3,100-3,200

Local

F-3

3,200-3,300

Local

F-4

3,300-3,400

Local

F-5

3,400-3,500

Local

F-6

3,500-3,600

Local

F-7

3,600-3,700

[3,600-3,650

Local

3,650-3,700]

National

F-8

3,700-3,800

National

F-9

3,800-3,900

National

F-10

3,900-4,000

National

G-1

4,000-4,200

National

Table 4 Coordination Level Required by Channel and Frequency (Continued)

I-1

Enclosure I

CJCSM 3212.02C

20 March 2011

Channel

(MHz)

United States

G-2

4,200-4,400

National¹

G-3

4,400-4,600

Local

G-4

4,600-4,800

[4,600-4,635

Local

4,635-4,685

National

4,685-4,800]

Local

G-5

4,800-5,000

[4,800-4,990

Local

4,990-5,000]

National

G-6

5,000-5,200

National¹

G-7

5,200-5,400

[5,200-5,250

National¹

5,250-5,400]

Local

G-8

5,400-5,600

Local

G-9

5,600-5,800

[5,600-5,650

National¹

5,650-5,800]

Local

G-10

5,800-6,000

[5,800-5,850

Local

5,850-6,000]

National

H-1

6,000-6,200

National

H-2

6,200-6,400

National

H-3

6,400-6,600

National

H-4

6,600-6,800

National

H-5

6,800-7,000

National

H-6

7,000-7,200

National

H-7

7,200-7,400

National

H-8

7,400-7,600

National

H-9

7,600-7,800

National

H-10

7,800-8,000

National

Table 4 Coordination Level Required by Channel and Frequency (Continued)

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Enclosure I

CJCSM 3212.02C

20 March 2011

Channel

(MHz)

United States

I-1

8,000-8,200

National

I-2

8,200-8,400

National

I-3

8,400-8,600

[8,400-8,500

National

8,500-8,600]

Local

I-4

8,600-8,800

Local

I-5

8,800-9,000

Local

I-6

9,000-9,200

National¹

I-7

9,200-9,400

[9,200-9,300

Local

9,300-9,400]

National

I-8

9,400-9,600

[9,400-9,500

National

9,500-9,600]

Local

I-9

9,600-9,800

Local

I-10

9,800-10,000

Local

J-1

10,000-11,000

[10,000-10,550

Local

10,550-11,000]

National

J-2

11,000-12,000

[11,000-11,700

National

11,700-12,000]

Local (FCC)

J-3

12,000-13,000

Local (FCC)

J-4

13,000-14,000

[13,000-13,250

Local (FCC)

13,250-14,000]

Local²

J-5

14,000-15,000

National

J-6

15,000-16,000

National¹

J-7

16,000-17,000

National¹

J-8

17,000-18,000

[17,000-17,700

National¹

17,700-18,000]

Local (FCC)

Table 4 Coordination Level Required by Channel and Frequency (Continued)

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Enclosure I

CJCSM 3212.02C

20 March 2011

Channel

(MHz)

United States

J-9

18,000-19,000

Local (FCC)

J-10

19,000-20,000

[19,000-19,700

Local (FCC)

19,700-20,000]

National

K-1

20,000-22,000

National

K-2

22,000-24,000

National

K-3

24,000-26,000

[24,000-24,050

Local

24,050-26,000]

National

K-4

26,000-28,000

[26,000-27,500

Local

27,500-28,000]

National

K-5

28,000-30,000

National

K-6

30,000-32,000

[30,000-31,300

Local (FCC)

31,300-31,800

National

31,800-32,000]

Local

K-7

32,000-34,000

Local

K-8

34,000-36,000

Local

K-9

36,000-38,000

National

K-10

38,000-40,000

National

L-1

40,000-42,000

National

L-2

42,000-44,000

[42,000-42,500

National

42,500-44,000]

Local

L-3

44,000-46,000

[44,000-44,500

Local

44,500-46,000]

National

L-4

46,000-48,000

National

L-5

48,000-50,000

National

Table 4 Coordination Level Required by Channel and Frequency (Continued)

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Enclosure I

CJCSM 3212.02C

20 March 2011

Channel

(MHz)

United States

L-6

50,000-52,000

[50,000-51,400

Local

51,400-52,000]

National

L-7

52,000-54,000

National

L-8

54,000-56,000

National

L-9

56,000-58,000)

National

L-10

58,000-60,000

National

M-1

60,000-64,000

Local

M-2

64,000-68,000

Local

M-3

68,000-72,000

Local

M-4

72,000-76,000

Local

M-5

76,000-80,000

[76,000-77,000

National

77,000-80,000]

Local

M-6

80,000-84,000

Local

M-7

84,000-88,000

[84,000-86,000

Local

86,000-88,000]

National

M-8

88,000-92,000

National

M-9

92,000-96,000

Local

M-10

96,000-100,000

Local

N-1

100,000-110,000

[100,000-100,200

Local

100,200-102,000

National

102,000-105,000

Local

105,000-110,000]

National

N-2

110,000-120,000

[110,000-116,000

National

116,000-120,000]

Local

N-3

120,000-130,000

Local

Table 4 Coordination Level Required by Channel and Frequency (Continued)

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Enclosure I

CJCSM 3212.02C

20 March 2011

Channel

(MHz)

United States

N-4

130,000-140,000

Local

N-5

140,000-150,000

Local

N-6

150,000-160,000

Local

N-7

160,000-170,000

[160,000-164,000

Local

164,000-168,000

National

168,000-170,000]

Local

N-8

170,000-180,000

Local

N-9

180,000-190,000

[180,000-182,000

Local

182,000-185,000

National

185,000-190,000]

Local

N-10

190,000-200,000

Local

O-1

200,000-210,000

Local

O-2

210,000-220,000

[210,000-217,000

Local

217,000-220,000]

National

O-3

220,000-230,000

Local

O-4

230,000-240,000

[230,000-231,000

National

231,000-240,000]

Local

O-5

240,000-250,000

Local

O-6

250,000-260,000

[250,000-252,000

National

252,000-260,000]

Local

O-7

260,000-270,000

Local

O-8

270,000-280,000

Local

O-9

280,000-290,000

Local

O-10

290,000-300,000

Local

Table 4. Coordination Level Required by Channel and Frequency

¹ FAA coordination required.

² Except that national coordination is required for the 13,750-14,000 MHz frequency band

within 200 nm of the NASA site at Las Cruces, NM.

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Enclosure I

CJCSM 3212.02C

20 March 2011

ENCLOSURE K

FAA REGIONAL OFFICES AND AREAS OF RESPONSIBILITY

Region

Address

Area of

Responsibility

Head-

Federal Aviation Administration

quarters

Spectrum Policy and Management,

ASR-100

800 Independence Avenue, SW

Washington, D.C. 20591

Phone: 202-267-9710

MSG ADD: FAA NATIONAL HQ

WASHINGTON DC//ASR-100//

Alaskan

Federal Aviation Administration

Alaska

Spectrum Management Office, AAL-470

222 West 7th Avenue, P.O. Box 14

Anchorage, AK 99513-7987

Phone: 907-271-5800/2238

MSG ADD: FAA ALASKAN RGN HQ

ANCHORAGE AK//AAL-470/AAL-530//

Central

Federal Aviation Administration

Iowa, Kansas,

Spectrum Management Office, ACE-474

Missouri, and

901 Locust ATTN: ACE 474

Nebraska

Kansas City, MO 64106

Phone: 816-329-3466/3467

MSG ADD: FAA CENTRAL RGN HQ

KANSAS CITY MO//ACE-474/ACE-530//

Eastern

Federal Aviation Administration

Delaware, D.C.,

Spectrum Management Office, AEW-472

Maryland, New

One Aviation Plaza

Jersey, New York,

Jamaica, NY 11434-4809

Pennsylvania,

Phone: 718-977-6608

Virginia, and West

MSG ADD: FAA EASTERN RGN HQ

Virginia

JAMAICA NY//AEA-483/AEA-530//

K-1

Enclosure K

CJCSM 3212.02C

20 March 2011

Region

Address

Area of

Responsibility

Great

Federal Aviation Administration

Illinois, Indiana,

Lakes

Spectrum Management Office, AGL-474B

Michigan,

2300 E. Devon Ave.

Minnesota, North

Des Plaines, IL 60018

Dakota, South

Phone: 847-294-8471

Dakota, Ohio, and

MSG ADD: FAA GREAT LAKES RGN HQ

Wisconsin

DES PLAINES IL//AGL-474B/AGL-530//

Hawaiian-

Federal Aviation Administration

Hawaii and U.S.

Pacific

Spectrum Management Office, AWP-476

possessions in the

300 Ala Moana Blvd Rm 7-128

Pacific Ocean

Honolulu, HI 96813

Phone: 808-541-1241

MSG ADD: FAA HONOLULU CERAP

HONOLULU HI//AWP-476//

New

Federal Aviation Administration

Connecticut,

England

Spectrum Management Office, ANE-471

Maine, Vermont,

12 New England Executive Park

Massachusetts,

Burlington, MA 01803

New Hampshire,

Phone: 781-238-7490

and Rhode Island

MSG ADD: FAA NEW ENGLAND RGN HQ

BURLINGTON MA//ANE-471/ANE-530//

Northwest

Federal Aviation Administration

Colorado, Idaho,

Mountain

Spectrum Management Office, ANM-473

Montana, Oregon,

1601 Lind Ave. SW

Utah, Washington,

Renton, WA 98055-4056

and Wyoming

Phone: 206-227-2328

MSG ADD: FAA NORTHWEST MOUNTAIN

RGN HQ SEATTLE WA//ANM-473/ANM-

530//

Southern

Federal Aviation Administration

Alabama, Florida,

Spectrum Management Office, ASO-473

Kentucky,

P.O. Box 20636

Mississippi, North

Atlanta, GA 30320

Carolina, Georgia,

Phone: 404-305-6672

South Carolina,

MSG ADD: FAA SOUTHERN RGN HQ

Tennessee, U.S.

ATLANTA GA//ASO-483/ASO-530//

possessions in the

Caribbean, Virgin

Islands

K-2

Enclosure K

CJCSM 3212.02C

20 March 2011

ENCLOSURE L

GEOGRAPHIC AREA OF COGNIZANCE/AGENCIES, DOD AREA FREQUENCY

COORDINATORS

1. EA Geographic Area of Cognizance. EW is strictly controlled within

geographic areas in accordance with Joint Staff directives governing test and

exercise ranges. Clearance to operate in these areas must be granted by the

appropriate area frequency coordinator in addition to the coordination

requirements of Enclosure C.

2. DOD Geographic Area of Cognizance and AFCs

Geographic Area

Controlling Agency

Alaska, including the Aleutian Area Frequency Coordinator

Island Chain.

JFMO AK

9480 Pease Avenue, Suite 310

Elmendorf AFB, AK 99506-2100

DSN: 317-552-8223/7183

MSG ADD: RUHHHGA/ALCOM

ELMENDORF AFB AK//J6//

Arizona

Area Frequency Coordinator

ATTN: SFIS-FAC-SH

Ft Huachuca, AZ 85613-5000

Tel:

602-538-6423

DSN: 879-6423

MSG ADD: DOD AFC AZ FT

HUACHUCA AZ//SFIS-FAC-SH//

Colorado, west of 108^oW; New

Area Frequency Coordinator

Mexico; Utah, east of 111o;

White Sands Missile Range,

and Texas, west of 104oW.

NM 88002-5526

Tel:

505-678-5417

DSN: 258-5417

MSG ADD: DOD AFC WHITE SANDS

MISSILE RANGE NM//SFIS-FAC-SS//

L-1

Enclosure L

CJCSM 3212.02C

20 March 2011

Geographic Area

Controlling Agency

Florida, east of 83oW; and

Eastern Area Frequency Coordinator

Georgia, east of 83oW and

Patrick AFB, FL 32925-6345

south of 31o30' N.

Tel:

321-494-5837

DSN: 854-5837/5838

MSG ADD: DOD EAFC PATRICK AFB

Puerto Rico, 200 nm radius of

DOD Area Frequency Coordinator

18o 15'N, 65o 38'W (AFWTF,

Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico)

CODE 096

PSC 1008, Box 3023

FPO AA 34051-9000

Tel: 809-865-5227/7001

DSN: 831-5227

MSG ADD: DOD AFC PR ROOSEVELT

ROADS PR

California, south of 37o30'N,

Western Area Frequency Coordinator

including all off-shore islands

Code 521700E

575 I Ave., Suite 1

Point Mugu, CA 93042-5049

Tel:

805-989-7983

DSN: 351-7983/7981

MSG ADD: WAFC PT MUGU CA

Alabama, south of 33o30'N;

Gulf Area Frequency Coordinator

Florida, west of 83oW; Georgia,

201 W. Eglin Boulevard, Suite 206,

west of 83^oW and south of

Eglin AFB, FL 32542-6829

33o30'N; Louisiana, east of

Tel:

904-882-4416

90oW; and Mississippi, east of

DSN: 872-4416

90^oW and south of 33^o30'N.

MSG ADD: DOD GAFC EGLIN AFB FL

L-2

Enclosure L

CJCSM 3212.02C

20 March 2011

Geographic Area

Controlling Agency

Nevada; Utah, west of 111^oW;

DOD Area Frequency Coordinator

and Idaho, south of 44oN.

Nellis AFB, NV 89191

Tel:

702-652-3417

DSN: 682-3417

MSG ADD: DOD AFC NELLIS AFB NV

Hawaiian Islands and Guam,

Area Frequency Coordinator,

200 nm radius outward from

JFMO PAC

the center of each island.

USPACOM J613, Box 64029 Camp H.

Oahu - 2127’34’’N,

M. Smith, HI 96861-4029

15759’54’’W,

Tel:

808-477-1051/50

DSN: 315-477-1051/50

Kauai - 2202’28’’N,

AUTODIN MSG ADD: JFMO PAC

15929’03’’W Maui -

HONOLULU HI//J613//

2042’59’’N, 15615’43’’W

DMS ADD: JFMOPAC (SC)

Hawaii - 1940’03’’N,

AUTODIN MSG ADD: JFMO GUAM

15530’14’’W. Guam -

ISLAND GU//J613//

1333’54’’N, 14453’45’’E.

DMS ADD: JFMO GUAM ISLAND GU

(SC)

Kwajalein Atoll, 200 nm radius

DOD Area Frequency Coordinator

outward from 0843’07’’N,

Kwajalein

16743’52’’E.

U.S. ARMY KWAJALEIN

ATOLL\REAGAN TEST SITE (RTS)

PO Box 1706

APO AP 96555

Tel:

805-335-2953

DSN: 315-254-2953

AUTODIN MSG ADD: DOD AFC

KWAJALEIN MH

DMS ADD: KWAJALEIN USAKA DOD

AFC

L-3

Enclosure L

CJCSM 3212.02C

20 March 2011

ENCLOSURE N

REFERENCES

a. Communications Act of 1934, Pub. L. No. 416, ch. 652; 48 Stat. 1064,

(1934); Chapter 5 47 U.S.C. § 151 et seq; as amended by the

Telecommunications Act of 1996

b. CJCSI 3210.03 Series, “Joint EW Policy”

“CJCS Directives Electronic Library,” Information Management Division,

21 December 2010, <http://www.dtic.mil/cjcs_directives> (accessed: January

5, 2010)

d. Federal Aviation Act of 1958, Pub. L. No. 85-726, 72 Stat. 731, (1958);

Chapter 1 49 U.S.C. § 106 et seq, as amended

“International Telecommunication Union,” Radio Regulations,

<http://www.itu.int/publ/R-REG-RR/en> (accessed: January 18, 2010)

f. National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, Pub. L. No. 91-190, 83 Stat. 852

(1969); Chapter 55 42 U.S.C. § 4321 et seq.

g. Federal Aviation Administration Order JO 7610.4G, and 7610.11, and

Range Regulation MSD 55-3.

h. DODD 5200.1-R, 14 January 1997, (certified current as of 24 November

2003) “Information Security Program”

i. OPNAVINST S5513.8B-88, “JOINT COUNTER RADIO CONTROLLED

IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICE ELECTRONIC WARFARE (CREW)

PROGRAM SECURITY CLASSIFICATION GUIDE,” Rev 1, 2 April 2007

SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS

DODD 3222.3, 4 September 2004 “Electromagnetic Environmental Effects

Program

N-1

Enclosure N

CJCSM 3212.02C

20 March 2011

GLOSSARY

PART I -- ABBREVIATIONS/ACRONYMS

ABBREVIATION

Phrase

ADIZ

Air Defense Identification Zone

AFB

Air Force Base

AFC

area frequency coordinator

AFFMA

Air Force Frequency Management Agency

AFIOC

Air Force Information Operations Center

AFWTF

Atlantic Fleet Weapons Training Facility

AGL

above ground level

ANR

Alaskan NORAD Region

AOR

area of responsibility

ARTCC

Air Route Traffic Control Center

ATC

air traffic control

BMW

Beamwidth

Bandwidth

CANR

CONUS NORAD Region

command director

CDR

Commander

CJCSI

Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff instruction

CJCSM

Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff manual

CMOC

Cheyenne Mountain Operations Center

COCOM

Combatant Commander

CONR

CONUS NORAD Region

CONUS

continental United States

CREW

Counter RCIED Electronic Warfare

Decibel

dBm

decibels referenced to one milliwatt

DDGO

Deputy Director for Global Operations (Joint Staff

J3 deputy directorate)

DDIO

Deputy Director for Information Operations (Joint

Staff J3 deputy directorate)

directed energy

DEW

directed energy warfare

DTSES 5

Director, Telecommunications and Spectrum

Engineering Support 5 (Canadian MILDEP

FMO)

DOD

Department of Defense

DOD AFC

Department of Defense area frequency coordinator

GL-1

Glossary

CJCSM 3212.02C

20 March 2011

ABBREVIATION

Phrase

DODD

Department of Defense directive

DMS

Defense Message System

DSN

Defense Switched Network

DOT

Department of Transportation

electronic attack

EADS

Eastern Air Defense Sector

EAFC

eastern area frequency coordinator

ECM

electronic countermeasures

EMI

electromagnetic interference

electronic protect

electronic warfare support

electronic warfare

FAA

Federal Aviation Administration

FACSFAC

fleet area coordination and surveillance facility

FCC

Federal Communications Commission

FMO

frequency management office

GHz

Gigahertz

GPS

global positioning system

GPSSC

GPS support center

Headquarters

IAW

in accordance with

ICAO

International Civil Aviation Organization

IRAC

Interdepartmental Radio Advisory Committee

ISM

Installation Spectrum Manager

ITU

International Telecommunications Union

JFCOM

Joint Forces Command

JFMO

Joint Frequency Management Office

JSC

Joint Spectrum Center

kHz

Kilohertz

LAT

Latitude

LONG

Longitude

LOS

line of sight

MHz

Megahertz

MILDEP

Military Department

MOA

Military Operating Area

MSL

mean sea level

GL-2

Glossary

CJCSM 3212.02C

20 March 2011

ABBREVIATION

Phrase

NAVCAN

A private, nonprofit agency responsible for the

management and operation of the Canadian

National Air Traffic Control System.

Transport Canada retains responsibility for

policy, etc.

NAVCEN

navigation center

NAVMARSPECCEN

Navy Marine Corps Spectrum Center

NDHQ

National Defence Headquarters (Canada)

NEPA

National Environmental Policy Act

NLT

not later than

nautical miles

NORAD

North American Aerospace Defense Command

NTIA

National Telecommunications and Information

Administration

OPSEC

operations security

POC

point of contact

PWR

Power

RCIED

Radio-controlled improvised explosive device

radio frequency

SOCAL

Southern California Operating Area

US&P

United States and Possessions

USA

U.S. Army

USAF

U.S. Air Force

USCENTCOM

United States Central Command

USJFCOM

United States Joint Forces Command

USMC

U.S. Marine Corps

USN

U.S. Navy

USNORTHCOM

United States Northern Command

USPACOM

United States Pacific Command

USSOCOM

United States Special Operations Command

USSOUTHCOM

United States Southern Command

USSTRATCOM

United States Strategic Command

UTC

Coordinated Universal Time

VACAPES

Virginia Capes Operating Area

VFR

visual flight rules

VHF

very high frequency

WADS

Western Air Defense Sector

GL-3

Glossary

CJCSM 3212.02C

20 March 2011

PART II -- DEFINITIONS1

Airborne EA. All types of electronic jamming, electronic deception, or the use

of EA expendables including chaff, flares, unmanned vehicles, decoys, and

unattended jammers dispensed by aircraft or other vehicles during flight.

Barrage Jamming. Simultaneous electromagnetic jamming over a broad band

of frequencies.

(Joint Pub 1-02)

Big Photo. A general call sign used to contact aircraft performing airborne EA.

Burst. Chaff dropped with a separation (time interval) great enough to appear

on a radarscope as individual target returns.

Buzzer. Electronic noise jamming or deception.

Canada. For purposes of this manual, Canada includes the 10 Provinces; the

Yukon; the Northwest and Nunavut; the Arctic Islands and surrounding

waters; the area extending to the outer boundaries of the Atlantic and Pacific

Canadian Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ); and the Northern Domestic

Airspace; or a perimeter 200 nm seaward from the coastal provinces and

territories, whichever is further out, except where this infringes on territorial

limits of other nations or states.

Cease Buzzer/Music. Unclassified term used to terminate EA activities,

including the use of EW expendables. CEASE BUZZER is used to cease

jamming communications and CEASE MUSIC refers to stopping radar

jamming.

Chaff. Radar confusion reflectors, consisting of thin, narrow metallic strips of

various lengths and frequency responses, which are used to reflect echoes for

confusion purposes. Causes enemy radar guided missiles to lock onto it

instead of the real aircraft, ship, or other platform.

(Joint Pub 1-02)

Directed Energy. Also called DE. An umbrella term covering technologies

relating to the production of a beam of concentrated electromagnetic energy or

atomic or subatomic particles. (Joint Pub 1-02)

Directed-Energy Warfare. Also called DEW. Military action involving the use

of directed-energy weapons, devices, and countermeasures to either cause

direct damage or destruction of enemy equipment, facilities, and personnel, or

to determine, exploit, reduce, or prevent hostile use of the EMS through

damage, destruction, and disruption. It also includes actions taken to protect

¹ Used only in context with this manual unless otherwise denoted.

GL-4

Glossary

CJCSM 3212.02C

20 March 2011

friendly equipment, facilities, and personnel, and retain friendly use of the

EMS. (Joint Pub 1-02)

Directed-Energy Weapon. A system using directed energy primarily as a

direct means to damage or destroy enemy equipment, facilities, and personnel.

(Joint Pub 1-02)

Electromagnetic Deception. The deliberate radiation, re-radiation, alteration,

suppression, absorption, denial, enhancement, or reflection of electromagnetic

energy in a manner intended to convey misleading information to an enemy or

to enemy electromagnetic-dependent weapons, thereby degrading or

neutralizing the enemy's combat capability. Among the types of

electromagnetic deception are:

a. Imitative Electromagnetic Deception. The introduction of

electromagnetic energy into enemy systems that imitate enemy emissions.

b. Manipulative Electromagnetic Deception. Actions to eliminate

revealing, or convey misleading, electromagnetic telltale indicators that may be

used by hostile forces.

c. Simulative Electromagnetic Deception. Actions to simulate friendly,

notional, or actual capabilities to mislead hostile forces.

Electromagnetic Interference. Also called EMI. Any electromagnetic

disturbance that interrupts, obstructs, or otherwise degrades or limits the

effective performance of electronics and electrical equipment. It can be induced

intentionally, as in some forms of EW, or unintentionally, as a result of

spurious emissions and responses, intermodulation products, and the like.

(Joint Pub 1-02)

Electromagnetic Intrusion. The intentional insertion of electromagnetic

energy into transmission paths in any manner with the objective of deceiving

operators or causing confusion. (Joint Pub 1-02)

Electromagnetic Jamming. The deliberate radiation, re-radiation, or

reflection of electromagnetic energy for the purpose of preventing or reducing

an enemy's effective use of the EMS with the intent of degrading or neutralizing

the enemy's combat capability. (Joint Pub 1-02)

Electromagnetic Spectrum. The range of frequencies of electromagnetic

radiation from zero to infinity. It is divided into 26 alphabetically designated

bands. (Joint Pub 1-02)

GL-5

Glossary

CJCSM 3212.02C

20 March 2011

Electronic Attack. Also called EA. A subdivision of EW involving the use of

electromagnetic, directed energy or antiradiation weapons to attack personnel,

facilities, or equipment with the intent of degrading, neutralizing, or destroying

enemy combat capability. EA includes:

a. Actions taken to prevent or reduce an enemy's effective use of the EMS,

such as jamming and electromagnetic deception.

b. Employment of weapons using either electromagnetic or directed energy

as their primary destructive mechanism (lasers, RF weapons, particle beams)

or anti-radiation weapons.

Electronic Attack Expendables. Nonrecoverable EA devices such as chaff,

flares, unmanned vehicles, decoys, and unattended jammers.

Electronic Attack Frequency Clearance. Authorization to conduct EW in a

specific area on designated frequencies and under specific conditions and

parameters.

Electronic Attack Frequency Deconfliction. Actions taken to predict and

protect potential users who could be impacted by proposed EA.

Electronic Attack Planning Factors. Information required when submitting a

formal clearance request. Factors address the environment (airspace and

topography), parameters of the EA transmissions, timing, and scope of test or

training.

Electronic Masking. The controlled radiation of electromagnetic energy on

friendly frequencies in a manner to protect the emissions of friendly

communications and electronic systems against enemy electronic support

measures/signals intelligence without significantly degrading the operation of

friendly systems.

(Joint Pub 1-02)

Electronic Protection. Also called EP. A subdivision of EW involving passive

and active means taken to protect personnel, facilities, and equipment from

any effects of friendly or enemy employment of EW that degrade, neutralize, or

destroy friendly combat capability.

(Joint Pub 1-02)

Electronic Warfare. Also called EW. Any military action involving the use of

electromagnetic and directed energy to control the EMS or to attack the enemy.

The three major subdivisions within EW are: EA, EP, and ES. (Joint Pub 1-02)

Electronic Warfare Support. Also called ES. A division of EW involving

actions tasked by, or under direct control of, an operational commander to

search for, intercept, identify, and locate or localize sources of intentional and

unintentional radiated electromagnetic energy for the purpose of immediate

GL-6

Glossary

CJCSM 3212.02C

20 March 2011

threat recognition, targeting, planning, and conduct of future operations.

Thus, ES provides information required for decisions involving EW operations

and other tactical actions such as threat warning, avoidance, targeting, and

homing. ES data can be used to produce signals intelligence, provide targeting

for electronic or destructive attack, and produce measurement and signature

intelligence.

(Joint Pub 1-02.)

Ground Photo. A general call sign for surface sites actively performing EA.

Harmful Interference. Interference that endangers the functioning of a radio

navigation service or of other safety services, or seriously degrades, obstructs,

or repeatedly interrupts a radio communication service. (NTIA Manual of

Regulations and Procedures for Federal RF Management.)

In-Flight EA Notification. Notification provided in-flight to ARTCC, NORAD,

and/or the range controller prior to initiating EA activities previously approved.

In-Flight EA Request. In-flight requests are no longer authorized. See

Enclosure G for in-flight notification procedures.

Local Coordination. Frequency coordination where an EA clearance request

to the national level is not required. However, coordination must be

accomplished with the appropriate DOD AFC or FACSFAC if EA is conducted in

or within LOS of that DOD AFC or FACSFAC area (see Enclosure L). EA

requests for EA operations not within or in LOS of a DOD AFC or FACSFAC

must be coordinated through a Service POC familiar with local EA restrictions.

Local (FCC) Coordination. Frequency coordination conducted with the FCC

regional representative. Cleared for EA use in the United States after FCC

regional coordination. An EA clearance request to the national level is not

required; however, coordination must be accomplished with the appropriate

DOD AFC/FACSFAC if EA is conducted within or in LOS of a DOD

AFC/FACSFAC (see Enclosure L). NOTE: All Canadian EA operations require

submission of an EA clearance request IAW

Enclosure C.

Military Department (MILDEP) Frequency Management Office (FMO). Army

Communications-Electronic Services Office, Naval Electromagnetic Spectrum

Center, and Air Force Frequency Management Agency.

Military Frequency Coordinator. The DOD AFC, Army FMO CONUS, Naval

AFC, and Air Force major command FMO.

National Coordination. Frequency coordination requiring national (FAA, FCC,

Department of State, and other agencies) coordination with a Service FMO. An

GL-7

Glossary

CJCSM 3212.02C

20 March 2011

EA clearance request IAW Enclosure C is required. NOTE: All Canadian EA

operations require submission of an EA clearance request IAW Enclosure C.

Rope Chaff. An element of chaff consisting of a long roll of metallic foil or wire,

which is designed for broad, low-frequency response. (Joint Pub

1-02)

Routine EA Operations. Frequently recurring training or EA equipment

checks using EW equipment with standardized times, and/or procedures in an

approved area.

Service Pocs. Service POCs are familiar with the EA coordination process as

well as local EA coordination issues. These POCs vary between Services and

geographical areas and are not listed in this manual. EA users who are not

aware of the proper Service POC to use in the EA coordination process should

contact their MILDEP FMO for that information.

Special EA Operations. Tests and/or training, which are conducted on other

than a frequent recurring basis and may require a planning conference or

coordination of operating areas, times, and/or procedures.

Spot Jamming. The jamming of a specific channel or frequency.

(Joint Pub 1-02)

Stream. Dispensing of chaff (solid/random interval/burst) at short intervals

over an extended period of time and appearing on a radar scope as a

continuous line of interference.

Surface EA. All types of electronic jamming, electronic deception, or chaff

dispensing done by ground-based or shipboard equipment.

Sweep Jamming. A narrow band of jamming that is swept back and forth over

a relatively wide operating band of frequencies.

(Joint Pub 1-02)

United States And Possessions (US&P). Includes CONUS area, Alaskan area,

Hawaiian area, island of Guam area, and Puerto Rican island area as explained

below.

a. Alaska Area. The landmass of Alaska, including the Aleutian Chain,

plus the area extending to the outer boundaries of the Alaskan Coastal ADIZ.

b. CONUS Area. The 48 states and the District of Columbia, plus the area

extending to the outer boundaries of the coastal ADIZ or a perimeter 200 nm

seaward from the coastal states, whichever is further out, except where this

infringes on territorial limits of other nations.

GL-8

Glossary

CJCSM 3212.02C

20 March 2011

c. Guam Area. The area within a 200-nm radius of 13o33'54”N,

144o53'45”E (Andersen AFB, Guam).

d. Hawaii Area. The area within a 200-nm radius of the center of each

island.

Hawaii - 1940’03’’N, 15530’14’’W

Kauai - 2202’28’’N, 15929’03’’W

Maui - 2042’59’’N, 15615’43’’W

Oahu - 2127’34’’N, 15759’54’’W

e. Kwajalein Atoll Area. The area within a 200-nm radius of 08o43'07”N,

167o43'52”E Reagan Test Site (RTS). Includes Wake Island, located 1,100

kilometers north of the Kwajalein Atoll, is a functional adjunct to RTS,

providing a launch site for intermediate range NMD and TMD target missiles.

Program requirements, mission planning and implementation, and logistics

support are coordinated through the RTS.

f. Puerto Rico Operating Area. The area within a 200-nm radius of

18o15'N, 65o38'W (Atlantic Fleet Weapons Training Facility, Roosevelt Roads,

Puerto Rico). For naval operations: Commander Naval Forces Caribbean

Instruction 3430.1 applies for EA operations in the Caribbean.

GL-9

Glossary

Body Cavity Screening for Criminal Justice:

Market Survey

(Version 1.1)

DOJ Office of Justice Programs

National Institute of Justice

Sensor, Surveillance, and Biometric Technologies (SSBT)

Center of Excellence (CoE)

April 24, 2014

Prepared by

ManTech Advanced Systems International

1000 Technology Drive, Suite 3310

Fairmont, West Virginia 26554

Telephone: (304) 368-4120

Fax: (304) 366-8096

Dr. Chad Huffman, Senior Scientist

Dr. Lars Ericson, Director

UNCLASSIFIED

This project was supported by Award No. 2010-IJ-CX-K024, awarded by the National

Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. The opinions,

findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the

author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the Department of Justice.

This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not

been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s)

and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.

Body Screening Market Survey

April 2014

NIJ SSBT CoE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF FIGURES

iii

LIST OF TABLES

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 About the SSBT CoE

1.2 Need for Contraband Scanners

1.3 BCS Information Sought

2.0 DISCLAIMERS

3.0 TECHNOLOGIES USED FOR BODY SCANNING

3.1 Metal Detection

3.2 Types of Imaging Technologies

3.2.1 X-Ray Screening Devices

3.2.1.1 Transmission X-Ray

3.2.1.2 Backscatter X-Ray

3.2.2 Millimeter Wave (MMW)

3.2.3 Thermal Conductivity

4.0 CONTRABAND SCREENING SYSTEMS

4.1 Millimeter Wave (MMW) Systems

4.1.1 ProVision Imaging

4.1.2 ProVision ATD

4.1.3 ProVision 2

4.2 Transmission X-Ray Systems

4.2.1 RadPro SecurPASS

4.3 Backscatter X-Ray

4.3.1 Rapiscan Secure 1000 DP

4.3.2 Rapiscan Secure 1000 SP

4.3.3 SmartCheck HT

4.3.4 SmartCheck

4.4 Thermal Conductivity

4.4.1 Iscon 1000D Portal

4.4.2 1000M Mini Portal

4.4.3 GameChangIR

4.5 Metal Detection

4.5.1 BOSS Series (Xeku Corporation)

5.0 BCS TECHNICAL SUMMARY COMPARISON

6.0 CONCLUSIONS

APPENDIX A: ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND REFERENCES

A-1

A.1 Acronyms and Abbreviations

A-2

A.2 References

A-4

UNCLASSIFIED

This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not

been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s)

and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.

Body Screening Market Survey

April 2014

NIJ SSBT CoE

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Magnetic fields produced by DC current in a loop of wire

Figure 2: Alternating magnetic field induces an opposing magnetic field in a conductor

Figure 3: Transmission X-ray devices rely on X-rays passing through the subject

Figure 4: Backscatter X-ray devices rely on X-rays scattered from the subject

Figure 5: ProVision Imaging

Figure 6: ProVision ATD

Figure 7: ProVision 2

Figure 8: RadPro SecurPASS

Figure 9: Rapiscan Secure 1000 DP

Figure 10: Rapiscan Secure 1000 DP

Figure 11: SmartCheck HT

Figure 12: SmartCheck

Figure 13: Iscon 1000D

Figure 14: Mini Portal

UNCLASSIFIED

iii

This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not

been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s)

and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.

Body Screening Market Survey

April 2014

NIJ SSBT CoE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Body scanners are used to screen for contraband in a variety of places. Airports, schools,

government buildings, and corrections facilities are examples of the types of places that have

employed body scanners. Different types of body scanners have different capabilities based on

the imaging technologies used and the sophistication of the internal system analysis. Metal

detection was one of the first technologies developed to identify metallic objects on a person, but

contraband can take many other forms, such as powders (e.g., drugs), paper (e.g., money), and

even ceramic or plastic weapons. Correctional facilities in particular are faced with various forms

of contraband, and with elaborate methods of evading detection employed by the local

population.^[1] Manufacturers have responded by producing scanners that are able to detect non-

metallic contraband, as well as systems that can detect contraband inside body cavities. This

report identifies commercially available body scanners and discusses the technologies used by

these products. Technological limitations pertaining to the type of materials detected and/or the

ability to detect contraband inside body cavities are discussed.

1.1 About the SSBT CoE

The NIJ SSBT CoE is a center within the National Law Enforcement and Corrections

Technology Center (NLECTC) System.^[2] The Center provides scientific and technical support to

NIJ’s research and development (R&D) efforts. The Center also provides technology assistance,

information, and support to criminal justice agencies. The Center supports the sensor and

surveillance portfolio and biometrics portfolio. The CoEs are the authoritative resource within

the NLECTC System for both practitioners and developers in their technology area(s) of focus.

The primary role of the CoEs is to assist in the transition of law enforcement technology from

the laboratory into practice by first adopters.

1.2 Need for Contraband Scanners

Body scanners have been in use for the detection of contraband in many different scenarios

where there is a heightened risk of individuals attempting to pass contraband materials into a

controlled environment. Environments such as airports, corrections facilities, government

buildings, and schools are some examples where contraband screening has been incorporated.

A large number of weapons are constructed (at least in part) out of metal. Metal detectors have

been used for this purpose for many years, but they do not detect non-metallic objects, such as

drugs, explosives, or plastic weapons. Pat-downs are effective at finding items concealed on a

person, but these are time consuming, and have heightened scrutiny with respect to privacy and

appropriate officer conduct. Body scanners may help reduce the burden of manually searching

for contraband, however there are technological limitations.

Ideally, a body scanner would be able to detect metallic as well as non-metallic contraband that

is hidden underneath clothing as well as detect contraband hidden inside body cavities. The ideal

scanner would also perform these tasks without the possibility of harmful effects (short or long

term) to the subject or the operator(s) of the scanner, and maintain the privacy of individuals to

the fullest extent possible.

UNCLASSIFIED

This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not

been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s)

and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.

Body Screening Market Survey

April 2014

NIJ SSBT CoE

1.3 BCS Information Sought

In December 2013, the SSBT CoE (through NIJ) published a notice within the Federal Register

requesting information and comments from vendors in support of this market survey

(https://federalregister.gov/a/2013-30241 ).^[3] The following categories of information were

sought for the various systems contained herein. As needed, additional comments for the

categories are also included here. This report relies heavily on the information provided by the

manufacturers that responded to this Request For Information (RFI); however some information

was also obtained through literature review and online research of product information.

Table 1: Information Sought from Vendors

Information Categories

Model Number and Name of the screening system/device.

Technology used by the system/device for detection (e.g., transmission X-ray, active

millimeter wave).

Size Class of the system/device: Fixed, Portable, or Handheld.

Physical Dimensions of the system/device.

Weight of the system/device.

Whether the system/device Detects Metal objects.

If YES, whether there are any types of metals that are NOT detected by the system.

Whether the system/device Detects Non-Metal objects.

If YES, whether any of the following can be detected by the system/device: Liquids

(in a container or bag), Gels (in a container or bag), Plastic, Wood, Ceramic, Powder

(in a small packet), and/or Paper (e.g., folded currency).

Whether the system/device can detect objects Concealed within Body Cavities.

If YES, whether any screening limitations exist or if all body cavities are covered by

the system/device.

For object materials detected by the system/device (Question #6-7), the minimum

Detected Size of objects on a person and concealed within body cavities.

10.

Scan Rate of the system/device.

11.

Total Inspection Time per individual screened with the system/device (i.e.

Throughput).

12.

Penetration Depth of the system/device’s scan when used on a clothed person.

UNCLASSIFIED

This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not

been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s)

and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.

Body Screening Market Survey

April 2014

NIJ SSBT CoE

Information Categories

13.

Whether the system/device scan penetrates concealed Body Armor. If so, what

classifications or types of armor can be imaged through.

14.

Spatial Resolution of the system/device scan with respect to concealed object

dimensions/features (indicate Not Applicable for a system/device that only provides a

detection alarm and no image).

15.

When scanning a person, the Information View displayed to the operator - Alarm

Only, Body Location Alarm, Anomaly Image, Body Region Image, or Full Body

Image.

16.

Whether the system/device includes any Privacy safeguards or features (e.g., remote

viewing, body masking).

17.

Image Visualization Time of the system/device - Alarm Only, Real-Time Dynamic

Imaging, Delayed Dynamic Imaging, or Static Imaging.

18.

Data Management provided for images and alarms, with respect to saving,

archiving, retrieving, and printing subject scan information.

19.

Power requirements of the system/device.

20.

Regulatory & Compliance Safety requirements and/or standards that the

system/device adheres to.

21.

Warranty that comes standard with the system/device.

22.

Manufacturer Suggested Retail Price (MSRP).

23.

Extended Maintenance plans available.

24.

Cost(s) of any Service Contracts.

25.

Other information or notes that is relevant to the system/device.

UNCLASSIFIED

This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not

been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s)

and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.

Body Screening Market Survey

April 2014

NIJ SSBT CoE

2.0 DISCLAIMERS

1. This project was supported by Award No. 2010-IJ-CX-K024, awarded by the National

Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ). The opinions,

findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the

author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the Department of Justice.

2. Commercial products included herein do not constitute an endorsement by NIJ, DOJ,

NLECTC, or ManTech. NIJ, DOJ, NLECTC, and ManTech assume no liability for any use of

publication content. This publication is a reference for educational purposes only. Please

carefully consider the particular needs/requirements of your agency and any applicable laws

before developing policies or procedures governing the use of any technology.

3. All legal aspects regarding expectation of privacy issues, probable cause, warrants, and any

other operational law enforcement procedures should be researched by agencies and their

officers in accordance with local, state, and federal laws prior to the implementation of

technology described herein.

UNCLASSIFIED

This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not

been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s)

and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.

Body Screening Market Survey

April 2014

NIJ SSBT CoE

3.0 TECHNOLOGIES USED FOR BODY SCANNING

Metal detectors have been used for a while at entrances and screening areas, but they are limited

to the detection of metals. X-ray devices and Millimeter Wave (MMW) devices are able to detect

metallic and non-metallic contraband. Backscatter X-ray devices are able to detect contraband

hidden beneath clothing, but do not image “through” a person. The imaging depth is typically a

few mm below the skin surface. Devices using MMW technology are also able to image beneath

typical clothing and to the surface of the skin. Neither of these techniques is able to detect

contraband hidden inside the human body (e.g. swallowing contraband or contraband hidden in

body cavities). Transmission X-ray based systems are able to image through the entire body, and

are able to detect contraband hidden on and inside a subject.

There are safety and privacy concerns associated with some of these technologies. The exposure

level of X-rays devices have been tested by several government agencies and found to be within

acceptable limits set by governing bodies.^[4,5] Even so, concerns regarding the safe use of X-rays

to scan individuals can be an issue.^[6] At a minimum, using X-rays is a public perception concern

that should be considered when comparing these devices. Privacy issues have also been a

concern, especially in public areas such as airports. Manufacturers responded to privacy concerns

by producing devices that use generic

“mannequins” to indicate suspicious areas during

scanning. Once scanned, suspicious areas are highlighted on a generic mannequin and the subject

undergoes additional screening. No images are viewed, or even produced. Privacy issues in non-

public areas such as corrections facilities may not be as large a concern as compared to public

areas, such as airports and schools.

3.1 Metal Detection

Metal detection is based on the way metallic objects react to magnetic fields. Metal detectors are

designed such that it does not matter whether the object is magnetic or not, the main criterion for

detection is that the object be an electrical conductor. Magnetic fields can be created using a loop

of wire with an electrical current running through them. If current goes around the loop in only

one direction, the magnetic field will have a specific North/South directionality. If the current is

reversed and passed through the loop in the opposite direction then the directionality of the

magnetic field produced will be in the opposite direction. Current that only goes in one direction

through a wire is known as direct current, or DC. These single direction magnetic fields will

interact strongly with magnetic materials, but they do not interact strongly with non-magnetic

metals such as copper or certain stainless steel.

UNCLASSIFIED

This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not

been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s)

and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.

Body Screening Market Survey

April 2014

NIJ SSBT CoE

Figure 1: Magnetic fields produced by DC current in a loop of wire.

Note that the current direction is opposite to the flow of electrons in conductive wires.

In order to detect both magnetic and non-magnetic metals, the directionality of the magnetic field

is switched very fast by quickly alternating the direction that the current passes through the loop.

This type of current is known as alternating current (AC). When the alternating magnetic field

interacts with a conductor (a metal), an opposing magnetic field is produced by the conductor. It

does not matter whether the conductor is magnetic or not, an opposing magnetic field is set up in

either case. The magnetic field that is produced by the loop is called the applied field, and the

opposing magnetic field set up by the conductor is known as an induced magnetic field. The

induced field can be detected directly by the use of a second loop of wire, or indirectly by the

effect it has on the applied magnetic field. Either way, the presence of an induced magnetic field

is strong evidence that a metallic object is close by. The magnetic field produced by the coils is

able to penetrate through the human body and therefore able to detect metallic contraband hidden

both underneath clothing and inside of body cavities as long as the metallic contraband can be

placed close enough to the applied magnetic field. These devices do not produce images. In

addition, they are unable to detect non-metallic contraband.

UNCLASSIFIED

This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not

been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s)

and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.

Body Screening Market Survey

April 2014

NIJ SSBT CoE

Figure 2: Alternating magnetic field induces an opposing magnetic field in a conductor

Note that the current direction is opposite to the flow of electrons in conductive wires.

3.2 Types of Imaging Technologies

Other technologies have the ability to produce images that can then be examined to determine

the presence of hidden contraband. To produce the images, X-rays, MMW, and thermal imaging

devices can be used. If an image is produced, the image is typically inspected by security

personnel in order to identify the presence of contraband. Health concerns have been raised with

X-ray devices, and privacy concerns have been raised with devices that produce images with

anatomical detail.

In response to privacy issues, the US Congress has disallowed the use of imaging producing

devices during airport screening. Manufacturers responded by making devices that do not rely on

image analysis by security personnel, but instead use computer algorithms to analyze the data

without images being stored or even produced. If the algorithm detects something suspicious,

security personnel are alerted by highlighted areas on a generic mannequin computer graphic.

The subject then undergoes secondary screening by security personnel with a focus on the area(s)

indicated by the initial scan. Privacy issues may not be as large a concern for non-public areas

such as correctional facilities.

X-rays are known as ionizing radiation and are known to be a health risk under certain

circumstances. The risk increases with exposure time and exposure intensity. Manufacturers

attempt to minimize the intensities and the times that individuals must be exposed to X-rays

when undergoing screening. Government agencies have also set limits on devices that use

ionizing radiation for contraband detection.^[4,5] Approved devices are tested to operate within the

limits set by government agencies. However, the details and specifics of the tests are often

UNCLASSIFIED

This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not

been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s)

and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.

Body Screening Market Survey

April 2014

NIJ SSBT CoE

withheld because of security concerns. Even though these devices have been certified to operate

within limits set by the government, there are some critics still question the safety aspects of

devices that use ionizing radiation. Note that the European Union has also tested these devices

and has disallowed their use for airport screening of passengers.^[7]

Table 2: Examples of Radiation Dosages

Dose

Example

0.05 - 0.25 µSv

Dose from scanners described in this report

0.25 µSv

US limit on effective dose from a single airport security screening^[8]

5 - 10 µSv

One set of dental radiographs^[9]

1 mSv

US dose limit for members of the public per year^[10]

1.5 - 1.7 mSv

Annual dose for flight attendants^[11]

15 - 30 mSv

Single full-body CT scan^[12]

500 mSv

US occupational dose limit per year^[13]

3.2.1 X-Ray Screening Devices

X-ray devices come in two types - Transmission X-ray devices and Backscatter X-ray devices.

Transmission X-ray devices use X-rays that pass through the body; these are the types of devices

that people are most familiar with for dental and medical purposes. Backscatter X-ray devices

use X-rays that are scattered off the subject and travel back toward the source of X-rays.

Backscatter devices expose the subject to less ionizing radiation than transmission devices, but

they do not image the interior of the body.

3.2.1.1 Transmission X-Ray

Devices that rely on transmission produce higher energy X-rays that penetrate through the

subject. Materials of different composition and density absorb or reflect X-rays differently.

Bones and metal objects are better able to block X-rays than soft tissue. This difference shows up

on an image produced by X-rays passing through the subject to a detector. The image produced

is then examined for contraband. Since transmission devices use X-rays that pass completely

through the body, metallic and non-metallic contraband material concealed either on or inside the

body have the potential of being detected.

UNCLASSIFIED

This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not

been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s)

and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.

Body Screening Market Survey

April 2014

NIJ SSBT CoE

Figure 3: Transmission X-ray devices rely on X-rays passing through the subject

3.2.1.2 Backscatter X-Ray

Backscatter devices use X-rays to image through clothing, but do not image inside the human

body. This is because backscatter X-ray devices use lower energy radiation that reflects off of the

target to be detected from the same side as the emitter. Backscatter X-rays devices have the

potential to detect metallic and non-metallic contraband hidden on a person and underneath

clothing, but they would not be able to detect contraband hidden within body cavities.

Figure 4: Backscatter X-ray devices rely on X-rays scattered from the subject

UNCLASSIFIED

This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not

been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s)

and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.

Body Screening Market Survey

April 2014

NIJ SSBT CoE

3.2.2 Millimeter Wave (MMW)

MMW are high frequency electromagnetic radio waves that have much less energy than X-rays;

they are not considered ionizing radiation. The use of MMW devices is generally considered safe

to the subject and the operators. MMWs are able to pass through typical clothing and bounce off

of the skin’s surface and other objects beneath the clothing. While an image of the subject may

be produced, US Congress has disallowed the use of devices that produce images in US airports

because of privacy concerns.^[14] MMW devices have the potential to detect metallic and non-

metallic contraband beneath clothing, but would be unable to detect contraband hidden in body

cavities.

3.2.3 Thermal Conductivity

Thermal conductivity imagers does not use electromagnetic radiation to penetrate the body or

clothing, but instead use slight temperature differences on the surface of clothing to detect the

presence of foreign objects. Thermal conductivity relies on the ability of contraband hidden

under clothing to heat or cool the surface of the clothing faster than the skin surface. Warm air is

used to heat up the surface of the clothing. How fast the clothing cools is dependent, in part, on

what is beneath it. Items that cool the clothing faster or slower than the surface of the skin will be

identified by a thermal image of the clothing.

Images produces by this method are images of temperature variations on clothing. Privacy issues

should not be a concern for this technology, nor should safety issues that are associated with the

use of ionizing radiation. In principle, this technology is able to detect metallic and non-metallic

contraband hidden beneath clothing, but because it images the surface of clothing, contraband

hidden in body cavities would not be detected.

UNCLASSIFIED

This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not

been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s)

and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.

Body Screening Market Survey

April 2014

NIJ SSBT CoE

4.0 CONTRABAND SCREENING SYSTEMS

4.1 Millimeter Wave (MMW) Systems

MMW devices produce images of contraband beneath clothing by using

extremely

high

frequency radio waves that are able to detect objects through typical clothing.

4.1.1 ProVision Imaging

Characteristic

Details^{[15, 16, 17, 18]}

Model and

ProVision Imaging

Name

Technology

Active Millimeter Wave

Size Class

Fixed

Dimensions

105 x 77 x 104 inches

Weight

1500 lbs

Detect Metals

Yes

Detect Non-

Yes

Metals

Detect Cavity

Concealed

Which Cavities

N/A

Size of Detected

―Detection is consistent with TSA and EU regulations

Objects

for Aviation threats‖

Scan Rate

< 1.5 seconds

Figure 5: ProVision

Inspection Time

10 - 30 seconds

Imaging

Penetration

2 - 4 layers of typical clothing for indoor environment

Image Reproduced with

Depth

Permission

Spatial

< 0.42” (10 mm)

Resolution

Manufacturer:

Info View

Full Body Image

L-3 Security &

Image

3D image ~3 seconds after scanning

Detection Systems

Visualization

Power

100/240 VAC 50/60 Hz

Regulatory &

UL-61010-1, CFR Title 47 15.107 and 15.109, IEC

http://www.sds.l-

Compliance

61000-6-3, IEEE C95.1, Safety Code 6, RSS 102,

3com.com/advancedimagi

Safety

ICNIRP

ng/provision.htm

Warranty

1+ Year

MSRP

GSA Schedule: $148,362.72^[18]

Other

The ProVision Imaging device is an active MMW device that is able to image metallic and non-

metallic contraband including liquids, gels, rubber, wood, ceramic, powder, and explosives (both

sheet and bulk). The scan can penetrate some body armor (contact vendor for specifics). It

generates a three dimensional (3D) image that can be inspected by security personnel. Saved

images include a scan ID, date and time stamp, and location of alarms identified. Privacy

safeguards include remote viewing and body masking (face, chest, crotch, and others). ProVision

Imaging systems can reveal threats smaller than the aviation regulations to an image analyst.

UNCLASSIFIED

This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not

been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s)

and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.

Body Screening Market Survey

April 2014

NIJ SSBT CoE

4.1.2 ProVision ATD

Characteristic

Details[16, 18, 19]

Model and

ProVision ATD

Name

Technology

Active Millimeter Wave

Size Class

Fixed

Dimensions

105 x 77 x 104 inches

Weight

1500 lbs

Detect Metals

Yes

Detect Non-

Yes

Metals

Detect Cavity

Concealed

Which Cavities

N/A

Size of Detected

―Detection is consistent with TSA and EU regulations

Objects

for Aviation threats‖

Scan Rate

< 1.5 seconds

Inspection Time

12 - 15 seconds

Figure 6: ProVision ATD

Penetration

2 - 4 layers of typical clothing for indoor environment

Image Reproduced with

Depth

within 6 seconds

Permission

Spatial

< 0.42” (10 mm)

Resolution

Manufacturer:

Info View

Body Location Alarm

L-3 Security & Detection

Image

Systems

Alarm area marked on generic mannequin figure

Visualization

Power

100/240 VAC 50/60 Hz

http://www.sds.l-

Regulatory &

UL-61010-1, CFR Title 47 15.107 and 15.109, IEC

3com.com/advancedimagi

Compliance

61000-6-3, IEEE C95.1, Safety Code 6, RSS 102,

ng/provision-at.htm

Safety

ICNIRP

Warranty

1+ Year

MSRP

GSA Schedule: $162,720.40^[18]

Other

The ProVision ATD is an active MMW device that is able to detect metallic and non-metallic

contraband, including liquids, gels, rubber, wood, ceramic, powder, and explosives (both sheet

and bulk). The scan can penetrate some body armor (contact vendor for specifics). Potential

contraband is automatically identified by computer algorithms with no image produced. Scan ID,

date, time, and location of alarms produced can also be stored. The system is completely private

with contraband indications displayed on a generic mannequin figure.

UNCLASSIFIED

This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not

been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s)

and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.

Body Screening Market Survey

April 2014

NIJ SSBT CoE

4.1.3 ProVision 2

Characteristic

Details^{[16, 18, 20]}

Model and

ProVision 2

Name

Technology

Active Millimeter Wave

Size Class

Fixed

Dimensions

93 x 59 x 89 inches

Weight

1500 lbs

Detect Metals

Yes

Detect Non-

Yes

Metals

Detect Cavity

Concealed

Which Cavities

N/A

Size of Detected

―Detection is consistent with TSA and EU regulations

Objects

for Aviation threats‖

Scan Rate

< 1.5 seconds

Figure 7: ProVision 2

Inspection Time

12 - 15 seconds

Image Reproduced with

Penetration

2 - 4 layers of typical clothing for indoor environment

Permission

Depth

within 6 seconds

Spatial

< 0.42” (10 mm)

Manufacturer:

Resolution

L-3 Security &

Info View

Body Location Alarm

Detection Systems

Image

Alarm area marked on generic mannequin figure

Visualization

http://www.sds.l-

Power

100/240 VAC 50/60 Hz

3com.com/advancedima

Regulatory &

UL-61010-1, CFR Title 47 15.107 and 15.109, IEC

Compliance

61000-6-3, IEEE C95.1, Safety Code 6, RSS 102,

ging/provision-2.htm

Safety

ICNIRP

Warranty

1+ Year

MSRP

GSA Schedule: $177,078.09^[18]

Other

The ProVision 2 is a more compact version of the ProVision ATD, and is able to be deployed in

checkpoints with low (2.4 m / 8 ft) ceilings. It is an active MMW device that is able to detect

metallic and non-metallic contraband, including liquids, gels, rubber, wood, ceramic, powder,

and explosives (both sheet and bulk). The scan can penetrate some body armor (contact vendor

for specifics). Potential contraband is automatically identified by computer algorithms with no

image produced. Scan ID, date, time, and location of alarms produced can also be stored. The

system is completely private with contraband indications displayed on a generic mannequin

figure.

UNCLASSIFIED

This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not

been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s)

and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.

Body Screening Market Survey

April 2014

NIJ SSBT CoE

4.2 Transmission X-Ray Systems

Transmission X-ray systems use X-rays that pass through a subject to reveal contraband hidden

under clothing or even inside the body of the subject.

4.2.1 RadPro SecurPASS

Characteristic

Details^{[21, 22, 23]}

Model and

RadPro SecurPASS

Name

Technology

X-ray Transmission

Size Class

Fixed

Dimensions

101 x 86 x 89 inches

Weight

1433 lbs (650 kg)

Detect Metals

Yes

Detect Non-

Yes

Metals

Detect Cavity

Yes

Concealed

Which Cavities

All

Size of Detected

Spatial Resolution: 0.25 mm

Objects

Figure 8: RadPro

Scan Rate

7 seconds

SecurPASS

Inspection Time

15 - 20 seconds (based on 4 - 5 people per min)

Image Reproduced with

Penetration

Permission

Through Body

Depth

Spatial

Manufacturer:

0.25 mm

Resolution

Virtual Imaging

Info View

Full Body Image

Canon Security

Image

Real Time Dynamic or Scroll Bar

Visualization

http://www.virtualimagi

Power

110V, 30A

ng-fl.com/

Regulatory &

Compliance

ETL, UL, ANSI

Safety

Warranty

1+ year

MSRP

$215,000

Other

Dose per inspection = 0.25µSv (25µREM) / scan

The SecurPASS is a transmission X-ray system that is able to detect metallic and non-metallic

contraband hidden both on a person and inside the body. Example non-metallic materials that

can be detected include liquids, plastic, powders, paper, and wood. Scans can penetrate ceramic

body armor and steel armor up to 30 mm in thickness. Images can be stored on the device and

are stamped with the time, date, scan number, subject’s name, number and operator’s name. The

device has the ability to track the scan history of an individual or scans can be automatically

saved in a “Daily No ID Folder”. For privacy reasons, images can be masked and a remote

viewing station can also be incorporated.

UNCLASSIFIED

This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not

been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s)

and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.

Body Screening Market Survey

April 2014

NIJ SSBT CoE

4.3 Backscatter X-Ray

Backscatter X-ray devices detect contraband beneath clothing by imaging the X-rays that scatter

off a subject and their surface clothing/objects.

4.3.1 Rapiscan Secure 1000 DP

Characteristic

Details^{[24, 25, 26]}

Model and

Rapiscan Secure 1000 DP

Name

Technology

X-ray Backscatter

Size Class

Fixed

Dimensions

54 x 36 x 80 inches

Weight

1097 lbs

Detect Metals

Yes

Detect Non-

Yes

Metals

Detect Cavity

Concealed

Which Cavities

N/A

Size of Detected

~0.05” (1 mm) metallic; 0.25” (~6.35 mm) non-

Objects

metallic

Scan Rate

6.5 seconds

Inspection Time

24 - 30 seconds

Figure 9: Rapiscan

Penetration

Secure 1000 DP

0.25 - 0.5 inches

Depth

Image Reproduced with

Spatial

~0.05” (1 mm) metallic; 0.25” (~6.35 mm) non-

Permission

Resolution

metallic

Info View

Full Body

Manufacturer:

Image

Rapiscan Systems

Static image reviewed in approximately ~15 seconds

Visualization

Power

120/240 VAC @ 16/8 A

http://www.rapiscansyst

Regulatory &

Safety Act Certified:

ems.com/en/products/ite

Compliance

ISO 9001: 2008 Certified

m/productsrapiscan_sec

Safety

ure_1000_dual_pose/

Warranty

1+ year

MSRP

$124,000

Other

Dose per inspection < 0.05 µSv (5 µREM)

The Rapiscan DP is Backscatter X-ray system that is able image

metallic and non-metallic

contraband including liquids, gels, plastic, wood, ceramic, powder, and paper. The device is

intended to image through clothing, but will not image through body armor. An image is

produced and requires ~15 seconds to analyze. Face masking and remote viewing options are

available for privacy concerns. Standard data records for each scan are available, including scan

time, decision time, and decision result (Clear/Search). All reports are in text and/or CSV format

for easy transport to standard PC programs for printing.

UNCLASSIFIED

This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not

been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s)

and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.

Body Screening Market Survey

April 2014

NIJ SSBT CoE

4.3.2 Rapiscan Secure 1000 SP

Characteristic

Details^{[24, 27, 26]}

Model and

Rapiscan Secure 1000 SP

Name

Technology

X-ray Backscatter

Size Class

Fixed

Dimensions

142 x 36 x 80 inches

Weight

2194 lbs

Detect Metals

Yes

Detect Non-

Yes

Metals

Detect Cavity

Concealed

Which Cavities

Size of Detected

~0.05” (1 mm) metallic; 0.25” (~6.35 mm) non-

Objects

metallic

Figure 10: Rapiscan

Scan Rate

6.5 seconds

Secure 1000 DP

Inspection Time

12 - 15 seconds

Image Reproduced with

Penetration

Permission

0.25 - 0.5 inches

Depth

Manufacturer:

Spatial

~0.05” (1 mm) metallic; 0.25” (~6.35 mm) non-

Resolution

metallic

Rapiscan Systems

Info View

Full Body

Image

http://www.rapiscansyst

Static image reviewed in ~15 seconds

Visualization

ems.com/en/products/ps/

Power

120/230 VAC at 12/6 Amps

productsrapiscan_secure

Regulatory &

_1000_single_pose/

Safety Act Certified:

Compliance

ISO 9001: 2008 Certified

Safety

Warranty

1+ year

MSRP

$220,000

Other

Dose per inspection < 0.05 µSv (5 µREM)

The Rapiscan SP is a Backscatter X-ray system that is able to image metallic and non-metallic

contraband including liquids, gels, plastic, wood, ceramic, powder, and paper. The device is

intended to image through clothing, but will not image through body armor. An image is

produced and requires ~15 seconds to analyze. Face masking and remote viewing options are

available for privacy concerns. Standard data records for each scan are available including scan

time, decision time, and decision result (Clear/Search). All reports are in text and/or CSV format

for easy transport to standard PC programs for printing. The 1000 SP scans the front and back of

a subject at once. This reduces subject interaction and improves throughput as compared to the

1000 DP.

UNCLASSIFIED

This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not

been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s)

and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.

Body Screening Market Survey

April 2014

NIJ SSBT CoE

4.3.3 SmartCheck HT

Characteristic

Details^{[28, 29]}

Model and

SmartCheck HT Inspection Module System

Name

Technology

X-ray Backscatter w/ Edge Transmission

Size Class

Fixed

Dimensions

90 x 64 x 97 inches

Weight

3,000 lbs

Detect Metals

Yes

Detect Non-

Yes

Metals

Detect Cavity

Concealed

Which Cavities

N/A

Figure 11: SmartCheck

Size of Detected

~ 1" (metallic), ~ 1 - 2” (nonmetallic)

Objects

Image Reproduced with

Scan Rate

~ 10 seconds

Permission

Inspection Time

~ 15 seconds

Penetration

Proprietary

Manufacturer:

Depth

American Science &

Spatial

~ 0.08” (2 mm)

Resolution

Engineering (AS&E)

Info View

Full Body Image

Image

http://as-

Real-Time Dynamic Imaging

Visualization

e.com/products-

Power

120 VAC (2 20 amp circuits required)

solutions/personnel-

Regulatory &

screening/checkpoint-

ANSI N43.17-2009, 21 CFR 1020.40, ISO 9001:2000,

Compliance

29 CFR 1910, UL 61010-1A, ISO 1600, 47 CFR 15

lobby/product/smartchec

Safety

k-ht/

Warranty

1+ year

MSRP

$195,000

Other

Dose per scan < 0.1 µSv (10 µREM)

The SmartCheck HT system is a dual Backscatter X-ray system capable of taking three images

simultaneously: two backscatter images (front and back) and one transmission image used to

identify metallic threats on the edges of the subjects image. The system can detect non-metallic

objects, such as liquids, gels, plastic, wood, ceramic, powder, and paper. The device is able to

penetrate non-metallic body armor, and up to 0.25” thickness of steel armor. Photo-like images

are produced; the system has the capacity to store 15,000 images in non-volatile media. The

system can be configured with export to TIF and/or printing. Remote viewing and image

modification (production of an outline of the raw image) are available for privacy concerns.

UNCLASSIFIED

This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not

been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s)

and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.

Body Screening Market Survey

April 2014

NIJ SSBT CoE

4.3.4 SmartCheck

Characteristic

Details^{[28, 30]}

Model and

SmartCheck Inspection Module System

Name

Technology

X-ray Backscatter

Size Class

Fixed

Dimensions

90 x 64 x 34 inches

Weight

1,500 lbs

Detect Metals

Yes

Detect Non-

Yes

Metals

Detect Cavity

Concealed

Which Cavities

N/A

Size of Detected

~ 1" (metallic), ~1 - 2” (nonmetallic)

Objects

Scan Rate

~ 10 seconds

Figure 12: SmartCheck

Inspection Time

30 - 45 seconds (two scans / person)

Image Reproduced with

Penetration

Permission

Proprietary

Depth

Spatial

Manufacturer:

~0.08” (2 mm)

Resolution

AS&E

Info View

Full Body Image

Image

http://as-

Real-Time Dynamic Imaging

Visualization

e.com/products-

Power

110/220 VAC 50/60 Hz

solutions/personnel-

Regulatory &

ANSI N43.17-2009, 21 CFR 1020.40, ISO 9001:2000,

screening/checkpoint-

Compliance

29 CFR 1910, UL 61010-1A, ISO 1600, 47 CFR 15

lobby/product/smartchec

Safety

Warranty

1+ Year

MSRP

$100,000

Other

Dose per scan < 0.1 µSv (10 µREM)

The SmartCheck system is a Backscatter X-ray system able to detect metallic and non-metallic

contraband including liquids, gels, plastic, wood, ceramic, powder, and paper. The device is able

to detect contraband underneath non-metallic body armor. Photo-like images are produced; the

system has the capacity to store 15,000 images in non-volatile media. Remote viewing and image

modification (production of an outline of the raw image) are available for privacy concerns.

Unlike the SmartCheck HT model, the SmartCheck scans only one side of the subject at a time,

and does not have the option to check the edges of a subject using a transmission type mode.

UNCLASSIFIED

This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not

been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s)

and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.

Body Screening Market Survey

April 2014

NIJ SSBT CoE

4.4 Thermal Conductivity

Thermal conductivity devices detect contraband underneath typical clothing by imaging slight

changes in temperature that occur on the surface of clothing from concealed objects.

4.4.1 Iscon 1000D Portal

Characteristic

Details^[31,32]

Model and

1000D Portal

Name

Technology

Thermo Conductive IR

Size Class

Fixed

Dimensions

97 x 51 x 45 inches

Weight

800 lbs

Detect Metals

Yes

Detect Non-

Yes

Metals

Detect Cavity

Concealed

Which Cavities

N/A

Size of Detected

Approximately the size of a single 500 mg pill

Objects

Scan Rate

Varies

Inspection Time

~30 seconds

Penetration

2 - 3 layers of cotton clothing

Depth

Figure 13: Iscon 1000D

Spatial

Image Reproduced with

~ 0.04 - 0.1” (1 - 3 mm)

Resolution

Permission

Info View

Region or Full Body Image

Image

Manufacturer:

Real Time Imaging

Visualization

Iscon Imaging

Power

208 VAC, 10KW

Regulatory &

http://isconimaging.com

Compliance

UL / CE Compliant

/iscon1000d.htm

Safety

Warranty

1+ year

MSRP

$110,000

Other

The Iscon 1000D Portal system is a thermal conductivity based system that is able to detect

metallic and non-metallic contraband including liquids, gels, plastic, wood, ceramic, powder, and

paper hidden underneath clothing. The device is not able to detect contraband underneath body

armor. Subtle temperature differences of the subjects clothing are imaged. Because clothing is

imaged, privacy issues are minimized. Streaming video and individual images can be saved

and/or printed.

UNCLASSIFIED

This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not

been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s)

and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.

Body Screening Market Survey

April 2014

NIJ SSBT CoE

4.4.2 1000M Mini Portal

Characteristic

Details^{[31, 33]}

Model and

1000M Mini Portal

Name

Technology

Thermo Conductive IR

Size Class

Fixed

Dimensions

91 x 59 x 37 inches

Weight

300 lbs

Detect Metals

Yes

Detect Non-

Yes

Metals

Detect Cavity

Concealed

Which Cavities

N/A

Size of

Detected

Approximately the size of a single 500mg pill

Objects

Scan Rate

Varies

Inspection

~7 - 11 seconds

Time

Penetration

2 - 3 layers of cotton clothing

Figure 14: Mini Portal

Depth

Image Reproduced with

Spatial

~ 0.04 - 0.1” (1 - 3 mm)

Permission

Resolution

Info View

Region or Full body image

Manufacturer:

Image

Real Time Imaging

Iscon Imaging

Visualization

Power

208 VAC, 30 A

http://isconimaging.com

Regulatory &

Compliance

UL / CE Compliant

/miniportal.htm

Safety

Warranty

1+ yr

MSRP

$75,000

Other

The Iscon 1000M Mini Portal system is a thermal conductivity based system that is able to detect

metallic and non-metallic contraband including liquids, gels, plastic, wood, ceramic, powder, and

paper hidden underneath clothing. The device is not able to detect contraband underneath body

armor. Subtle temperature differences of the subjects clothing are imaged. Because clothing is

imaged, privacy issues are minimized. Streaming video and individual images can be saved

and/or printed.

UNCLASSIFIED

This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not

been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s)

and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.

Body Screening Market Survey

April 2014

NIJ SSBT CoE

4.4.3 GameChangIR

Characteristic

Details^{[31, 34]}

Model and

GameChangeIR

Name

Technology

Thermo Conductive IR

Size Class

Portable

Dimensions

32 x 18 x 11 inches

Weight

80 lbs

Detect Metals

Yes

Detect Non-

Yes

Metals

Detect Cavity

Concealed

Which

N/A

Cavities

No Image

Size of

Available

Detected

Approximately the size of a single 500mg pill

Objects

Scan Rate

Varies

Manufacturer:

Inspection

Iscon Imaging

Varies

Time

Penetration

http://isconimaging.com

2 - 3 layers of cotton clothing

Depth

/gamechangeir.htm

Spatial

~ 0.04 - 0.1” (1 - 3 mm)

Resolution

Info View

Region or Full body image

Image

Real Time Imaging

Visualization

Power

110/220 VAC 50-60Hz

Regulatory &

Compliance

UL / CE Compliant

Safety

Warranty

1+ yr

MSRP

$25,000

Other

The Iscon GameChangeIR system is a thermal conductivity based system that is able to detect

metallic and non-metallic contraband including liquids, gels, plastic, wood, ceramic, powder, and

paper hidden underneath clothing. The device is not able to detect contraband underneath body

armor. Subtle temperature differences of the subjects clothing are imaged. Because clothing is

imaged, privacy issues are minimized. Streaming video and individual images can be saved

and/or printed. The entire system is portable and folds into its own compact suitcase for re-

location or other transportation

UNCLASSIFIED

This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not

been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s)

and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.

Military reference books and manuals (2009-2023, Volume 5) - page 19