Standard Specifications for Road, Bridge, and Municipal Construction 2020 (M 41-10) - page 57

Site Reclamation 

3-03

3-03.2(3)  Out-of-State Sites

All out-of-State borrow, quarry or pit, stockpile, and waste sites which are furnished by 
the Contractor exclusively for use on this Contract shall be reclaimed in accordance with 
an approved reclamation plan that is in compliance with local area restrictions.

3-03.3 

Reclamation Plans

3-03.3(1)  Contracting Agency-Provided Sites

Reclamation plans for all borrow, quarry, or pit sites which are owned or furnished by 
the Contracting Agency will normally be furnished by the Contracting Agency and the 
requirements thereof included in the Contract documents. Should conditions require 
operations within a Contracting Agency-owned or Contracting Agency-furnished site not 
provided for in the Plans, the Contractor shall reclaim these sites in accordance with a 
reclamation plan furnished by the Engineer.

3-03.3(2)  Contractor-Provided Sites

A plan will not be required except on specific request for those sources of material 
for which the Contractor has obtained a valid surface mining permit issued by the 
Department of Natural Resources and has paid all required fees.

3-03.4 

Construction Requirements

3-03.4(1)  Erosion Control 

All sites owned or furnished by the Contracting Agency will specify the kind and 
amount of erosion control, if any, and include the requirements thereof in the Contract 
documents.

All sites owned or furnished by the Contractor shall, if specified on a reclamation plan 
approved by the Engineer, require erosion control in accordance with

 Section 8-01

 or 

plant materials in accordance with 

Section 8-02

.

3-03.4(2)  Deviations From Approved Reclamation Plans

Reclamation of any site which deviates from the approved reclamation plan will not be 
permitted without first revising the approved reclamation plan and obtaining the approval 
of the Engineer.

Page 3-14 

Site Reclamation

3-03.5 Payment

3-03.5(1)  Contracting Agency-Provided Sites

All costs in connection with reclaiming sites to the full extent required by the Contract 
shall be included in the costs of other items of Work involved in the project.

Payment will be made for any Work described in Sections 

8-01

 or 

8-02

 at applicable unit 

Contract prices.

3-03.5(2)  Contractor-Provided Sites

All costs involved in complying with the requirements of a reclamation permit acquired 
from the Department of Natural Resources, complying with the requirements of a 
reclamation plan approved by the Engineer, or with reclaiming sites to the full extent 
required by the Contract shall be included in the costs of other items of Work involved in 
the project.

Acceptance of Aggregate 

3-04

3-04 

Acceptance of Aggregate

3-04.1 Description

This work shall consist of acceptance of aggregate as provided for under statistical or 
nonstatistical evaluation.

All aggregates shall meet the requirements in 

Section 9-03

.

Acceptance of aggregate by statistical evaluation is administered under 

Section 1-06.2

. 

Statistical evaluation will be used for an aggregate material when the proposed plan 
quantity of the aggregate material exceeds two sublots as shown in 

Table 1

.

Nonstatistical evaluation will be used for the acceptance of aggregate materials when the 
proposed plan quantity is equal to or less than two sublots as shown in 

Table 1

.

3-04.2 Materials

Material shall meet the requirements of the following section:
 Aggregates 

9-03

3-04.3 

Construction Requirements

3-04.3(1) General

For the purpose of statistical and nonstatistical acceptance sampling and testing, all test 
results obtained for a material type will be evaluated collectively. Sublot sampling and 
testing will be performed on a random basis at the frequency of one sample per sublot. 
Based on plan quantities, the sublot size will be determined to the nearest 100 tons 
(50 cy). The maximum sublot size will be as defined in 

Table 1

.

3-04.3(2)  Point of Acceptance

The point of acceptance shall be as designated by the Engineer. Multiple sources shall 
not be placed within the same limits of each separate spreading operation or in such 
a way that the intermingling of different sources occurs. Individual compaction lifts may 
be of a different source.

Page 3-16 

Acceptance of Aggregate

3-04.3(3) Sampling

The sampling of aggregate materials shall be performed on a random basis using WSDOT 

T 716

, Method of Random Sampling. Samples for acceptance testing shall be obtained 

by the Engineer, or their designated representative. If ordered by the Engineer, the 
Contractor shall obtain the sample in the presence of the Engineer or their representative. 
The aggregate material shall be sampled in accordance with FOP for AASHTO R 90 and 

Section 1-05.6

. The sample size shall be equal to the minimum requirements of FOP for 

AASHTO R 90.

3-04.3(4)  Testing Results

The results of all acceptance testing performed in the field and the Composite Pay Factor 
(CPF) of the lot after three sublots have been tested will be available to the Contractor 
through WSDOT’s website.

3-04.3(5)  Nonstatistical Evaluation

Each lot of aggregate materials produced under nonstatistical evaluation and having 
all constituents falling within the specification limits shall be accepted with no further 
evaluation. When one or more constituents fall outside the specification limits, the 
material will be statistically evaluated. A minimum of three sublots will be sampled and 
tested, when less than three sublots exist additional samples shall be tested to provide 
a minimum of three sets of results for evaluation. The test results of the sublots shall be 
evaluated in accordance with 

Section 1-06.2

 using the price adjustment factors from 

Table 2

 to determine the appropriate CPF. The maximum CPF shall be 1.00. If the CPF 

is below 1.00 but is equal to or above 0.75, a price adjustment will be calculated in 
accordance with 

Section 3-04.3(8)

.

When the aggregate does not have established price adjustment factors, use the 
appropriate price adjustment factors from “Other Materials” as listed in 

Table 2

.

3-04.3(6)  Statistical Evaluation

For statistical evaluation a lot is defined as 15 sublots, the final lot will be increased to 
a maximum of 25 sublots. All test results obtained for a material type will be evaluated 
in accordance with 

Section 1-06.2

. Each lot of aggregate materials produced under 

statistical evaluation will be determined to be acceptable if the Composite Pay Factor 
(CPF) when calculated in accordance with 

Section 1-06.2(2)

 using the price adjustment 

factors from 

Table 2

 is 1.00 or greater. The Contractor shall be paid the unit bid price for 

aggregate materials with a CPF of 1.00 or greater. If the CPF is below 1.00 but is equal to 
or above 0.75, calculate the price adjustment in accordance with 

Section 3-04.3(8)

. 

When the aggregate does not have established price adjustment factors, use the 
appropriate price adjustment factors from “Other Materials” as listed in 

Table 2

.

Acceptance of Aggregate 

3-04

3-04.3(7)  Rejected Work

3-04.3(7)A General

Work that is defective or does not conform to Contract requirements shall be rejected. 

3-04.3(7)B 

Rejection by Contractor

The Contractor may, prior to sampling, elect to remove any defective material and replace 
it with new material. Any such new material will be sampled, tested, and evaluated 
for acceptance.

3-04.3(7)C 

Rejection Without Testing

The Engineer may, without sampling, reject any load or stockpile that appears defective. 
Material rejected before placement shall not be incorporated into the work. Any rejected 
work shall be removed.

No payment will be made for the rejected materials unless the Contractor requests that 
the rejected material be tested. If the Contractor elects to have the rejected material 
tested, a minimum of three representative samples shall be obtained and tested. 
Acceptance of rejected material will be based on conformance with the statistical 
acceptance Specification. If the CPF for the rejected material is less than 0.75, no 
payment will be made for the rejected material; in addition, the cost of sampling and 
testing shall be borne by the Contractor. If the CPF is greater than or equal to 0.75, the 
cost of sampling and testing will be borne by the Contracting Agency. If the material is 
rejected before placement and the CPF is greater than or equal to 0.75, compensation for 
the rejected material will be at a CPF of 0.75. If rejection occurs after placement and the 
CPF is greater than 0.75, compensation for the rejected mix will be at the calculated CPF 
with an addition of 25 percent of the unit Contract price added for the cost of removal 
and disposal.

3-04.3(7)D 

Lots and Sublots 

3-04.3(7)D1  A Partial Sublot

In addition to the preceding random acceptance sampling and testing, the Engineer may 
also isolate from a normal sublot any material that is suspected of being defective. Such 
isolated material will not include an original sample location. A minimum of three random 
samples of the suspect material will be obtained and tested. The material will then be 
evaluated as an independent lot in accordance with 

Section 1-06.2(2)

.

3-04.3(7)D2  An Entire Sublot

An entire sublot that is suspect of being defective may be rejected. When a sublot is 
rejected a minimum of two additional samples from this sublot will be obtained. These 
additional samples and the original sublot will be evaluated as an independent lot in 
accordance with 

Section 1-06.2(2)

.

Page 3-18 

Acceptance of Aggregate

3-04.3(7)D3  A Lot in Progress

The Contractor shall shut down operations and shall not resume placement of the 
aggregate until such time as the Engineer is satisfied that material conforming to the 
specification can be produced:
a.  When the Composite Pay Factor (CPF), for a lot in progress, is less than 1.00 and the 

contractor is taking no corrective action; or

b.  When the Pay Factor (PF) for any component of the lot in progress, is less than 0.95 

and the contractor is taking no corrective action; or

c.  When either the PF

i

 for any constituent or the CPF for a lot in progress is less 

than 0.75.

3-04.3(7)D4  An Entire Lot

An entire lot with a CPF of less than 0.75 will be rejected.

3-04.3(8)  Price Adjustments for Quality of Aggregate

All aggregate material will be subject to price adjustments. The maximum attainable 
Composite Pay Factor (CPF) shall be 1.00. The aggregate Compliance Price Adjustment for 
acceptance of the aggregate will be calculated as follows:
 

Aggregate Compliance Price Adjustment = (Composite Pay Factor – 1.00)  
(quantity of material) (unit bid price or Contingent Unit Price as shown in Table 1, 
whichever is higher)

For aggregate materials lacking a separate unit bid price, the unit bid prices shall be taken 
as the value listed in 

Table 1

 for “Contingent Unit Price”.

If a component is not measured in accordance with these specifications, its individual pay 
factor will be considered 1.00 in calculating the composite pay factor.

3-04.4 Vacant

Acceptance of Aggregate 

3-04

3-04.5 Payment

“Aggregate Compliance Price Adjustment”, by calculation.

“Aggregate Compliance Price Adjustment” shall be calculated and paid for as described 
under 

Section 3-04.3(8)

 Price Adjustments for Quality of Aggregate.

Table 1 

Aggregate Acceptance Parameters

Standard 

Specifications

Item

Maximum 

Sublot Size 

(Tons)

Maximum 

Sublot Size 

(CY)

Contingent 

Unit Price 

Per Ton

Contingent 

Unit Price 

Per CY

9-03.1

Concrete Aggregate (except 

pavement)

2000

1000

1

$15.00

2

$30.00

2

9-03.1

Concrete Aggregate (pavement)

4000

2000

1

$15.00

2

$30.00

2

9-03.4(2)

Crushed Screening

3

1000

500

$20.00

$40.00

9-03.8(2)

HMA Aggregate

2000

$15.00

9-03.9(1)

Ballast

2000

1000

$20.00

$40.00

9-03.9(2)

Permeable Ballast

2000

1000

$25.00

$50.00

9-03.9(3)

Crushed Surfacing

2000

1000

$20.00

$40.00

9-03.9(4)

Maintenance Rock

2000

1000

$20.00

$40.00

9-03.10

Gravel Base

4000

2000

$15.00

$30.00

9-03.11(1) Streambed Sediment

500

250

$30.00

$60.00

9-03.12(1)A Gravel Backfill for Foundations 

Class A

1000

500

$30.00

$60.00

9-03.12(1)B Gravel Backfill for Foundations 

Class B

1000

500

$30.00

$60.00

9-03.12(2) Gravel Backfill for Walls

1000

500

$30.00

$60.00

9-03.12(3) Gravel Backfill for Pipe Zone 

Bedding

1000

500

$30.00

$60.00

9-03.12(4) Gravel Backfill for Drains

500

250

$30.00

$60.00

9-03.12(5) Gravel Backfill for Drywells

500

250

$30.00

$60.00

9-03.13

Backfill for Sand Drains

2000

1000

$30.00

$60.00

9-03.13(1) Sand Drainage Blanket

4000

2000

$30.00

$60.00

9-03.14(1) Gravel Borrow

4000

2000

$15.00

$30.00

9-03.14(2) Select Borrow

4000

2000

$15.00

$30.00

9-03.14(4) Gravel Borrow for Structural Earth 

Walls

4000

2000

$30.00

$60.00

9-03.17

Foundation Material, Class A and B

1000

500

$25.00

$50.00

9-03.18

Foundation Material Class C

1000

500

$25.00

$50.00

9-03.19

Bank Run Gravel for Trench Backfill

4000

2000

$30.00

$60.00

1

Based on 1000 CY of Concrete.

2 

Price adjustment only applies to the actual quantity of aggregate used in the concrete.

3

Contingent unit price per S.Y. is $0.30.

Page 3-20 

Acceptance of Aggregate

Table 2

 

Pric

e 

A

djustmen

t F

act

or

s

St

andar

d 

Spe

cific

ations

Ite

m

Maximum 

Siz

e Sie

ve: 

100% Pass 

Nominal 

Maximum 

Siz

e Sie

ve: 

100% Pass

1

Other

 

Spe

cifi

cat

ion

s 

Sie

ves #4 

and Larger

Specifica

tion 

Sie

ves: #8 t

o 

#100

#200 S

ieve

Sand 

Equiv

alent

Fractur

e

2

Other

9-03.1

Concr

et

e 

Ag

gr

ega

te (

all c

oncr

et

e 

ag

gr

ega

te -including pa

vemen

t)

2

2

2

10

20

9-03.4(2)

C

rushed S

cr

eening

2

2

5

5

20

15

9-03.8(2)

HMA

 Ag

gr

ega

te

15

15

U

nc

ompact

ed 

Void C

on

ten

t 15

9-03.9(1)

Ballast

2

2

5

5

10

15

D

ust R

atio 15

9-03.9(2)

Permeable B

allast

2

2

5

5

15

9-03.9(3)

C

rushed S

urf

acing

2

2

5

5

10

15

15

9-03.9(4)

M

ain

tenanc

e R

ock

2

2

5

5

10

15

15

9-03.10

G

ra

vel B

ase

2

5

6

10

D

ust R

atio 10

9-03.11(1)

Str

eambed S

edimen

t

2

2

5

5

10

9-03.12(1)A

G

ra

vel B

ackfill f

or

 F

ounda

tions Class 

A

3

9-03.12(1)B

G

ra

vel B

ackfill f

or

 F

ounda

tions Class B

2

5

6

10

D

ust R

atio 10

9-03.12(2)

G

ra

vel B

ackfill f

or

 W

alls

2

2

5

6

10

D

ust R

atio 10

9-03.12(3)

G

ra

vel B

ackfill f

or

 P

ipe Z

one B

edding

2

2

5

5

6

10

9-03.12(4)

G

ra

vel B

ackfill f

or

 D

rains

2

2

5

6

9-03.12(5)

G

ra

vel B

ackfill f

or

 D

ryw

ells

2

2

5

6

9-03.13

Backfill f

or

 S

and D

rains

2

5

3

10

9-03.13(1)

Sand D

rainag

e B

lank

et

2

5

3

10

9-03.14(1)

G

ra

vel B

orr

ow

2

2

5

5

5

10

9-03.14(2)

Select B

orr

ow

2

2

5

5

6

10

9-03.14(4)

G

ra

vel B

orr

ow

 for

 S

tructur

al E

arth 

W

alls

2

2

5

5

5

10

O

ther

4

9-03.17

Founda

tion M

at

erial, Class 

A & B

2

3

9-03.18

Founda

tion M

at

erial Class C

2

3

9-03.19

Bank R

un G

ra

vel f

or

 T

rench B

ackfill

2

2

5

6

10

D

ust R

atio 10

O

ther

 M

at

erials

2

2

5

5

10

15

15

D

ust R

atio 10

1

For

 Ag

gr

ega

te, the nominal maximum siz

e sie

ve is the lar

gest sta

ndar

d sie

ve opening list

ed in the applic

able specifica

tion upo

n 

which mor

e than 1-per

cen

t o

f the ma

terial b

y 

w

eigh

t is permitted t

o be r

etained. F

or

 c

oncr

et

e ag

gr

ega

te, the nom

inal maximum

 siz

e sie

ve is the smallest standar

d sie

ve opening thr

ough 

which the en

tir

e amoun

t o

f ag

gr

ega

te 

is permitt

ed t

o pass.

2

Pric

e adjustmen

t f

act

or

 applies 

wher

e crit

eria is c

on

tained in the 

ma

terial specific

ation.

3

U

se the pric

e adjustmen

t f

act

or

s f

or

 the ma

terial tha

t is actually

 used.

4

Resistivity

 10, p

H 10, Chlorides 5, and S

ulf

at

es 5.

Division 4 

Bases

4-01 Vacant

Page 4-2 

Gravel Base

4-02.1 Description

This Work shall consist of constructing one or more layers of gravel base upon a prepared 
Subgrade in accordance with these Specifications and in conformity with the lines, grades, 
depth, and typical cross-section shown in the Plans or as established by the Engineer.

4-02.2 Materials

Materials shall meet the requirements of the following section:
 

Gravel Base 

9-03.10

4-02.3 

Construction Requirements

Gravel base shall be uniformly spread upon the prepared Subgrade to the depth, width, 
and cross-section shown in the Plans. Construction methods used shall meet the 
applicable requirements of 

Sections 4-04.3

.

4-02.4 Measurement

Gravel base will be measured in the same manner prescribed for the measurement of 
crushed surfacing materials as set forth in 

Section 4-04.4

.

4-02.5 Payment

Payment will be made for the following Bid item when shown in the Proposal:

“Gravel Base”, per ton, or per cubic yard.

4-02 

Gravel Base

4-03 Vacant

Vacant 4-03

Page 4-4 

Ballast and Crushed Surfacing

4-04 

Ballast and Crushed Surfacing

4-04.1 Description

This Work consists of constructing one or more courses of crushed stone upon a prepared 
Subgrade in accordance with these Specifications in conformity with the lines, grades, 
depth, and typical cross-sections shown in the Plans or as established by the Engineer.

Surfacing materials and ballast may also be specified to be placed in stockpiles for 
future use.

4-04.2 Materials

Materials shall meet the requirements of the following sections:
 Ballast 

9-03.9(1)

 

Permeable Ballast 

9-03.9(2)

 

Crushed Surfacing 

9-03.9(3)

 

Maintenance Rock 

9-03.9(4)

4-04.3 

Construction Requirements

4-04.3(1) Equipment

All equipment necessary for the satisfactory performance of this construction shall be 
on the project and approved by the Engineer prior to beginning work. If central mix plant 
methods are used, the central mixing plant shall comply with the following requirements:

The cold aggregate feeder shall be mechanically operated and adjustable to the 
extent necessary to provide a uniform and continuous flow of materials. These 
materials shall be deposited in an approved mixer with a sufficient amount of water 
being added to obtain the required density when spread and compacted. The water 
shall be weighed or metered, and dispensed through a device providing uniform 
dispersion across the mixer.
The mixing plant shall be provided with weighing or calibrating devices, feeders, 
provisions for sampling, and other devices and equipment so designed, coordinated, 
and operated to produce a uniform mixture, and to permit the sampling of the 
materials before and after mixing. The mixer shall be kept in good condition, and 
mixing blades or paddles shall be of proper size, adjustment, and clearance to 
provide positive and uniform mixing of the mixture at all times.
The capacity of the plant and equipment furnished for the Work shall be adequate at 
all times to provide for efficient and continuous operations insofar as practical.

Ballast and Crushed Surfacing 

4-04

4-04.3(2) Subgrade

The Subgrade shall be prepared as specified in 

Section 2-06

 and shall be approved by the 

Engineer before placing ballast or surfacing materials.

4-04.3(3) Mixing

Unless otherwise specified, the Contractor may use either, or both, of the following 
described methods:
1.  Central Plant Mix Method – The surfacing material and water shall be mixed in an 

approved mixing plant as described in 

Section 4-04.3(1)

. The completed mixture shall 

be a thoroughly mixed combination of proportioned materials and water, uniform 
in distribution of particle sizes and moisture content. A mixture containing water in 
excess of the proportion established by the Engineer will not be accepted.

2.  Road Mix Method – After material for each layer of surfacing has been placed, 

the material shall be mixed until uniform throughout by motor graders or other 
equipment approved by the Engineer. Water to facilitate mixing and compacting shall 
be added in amounts approved by the Engineer.

4-04.3(4)  Placing and Spreading

1.  Central Plant Mix Method – After mixing, material for each layer of surfacing 

shall be transported to the Roadway in approved vehicles. Vehicles for hauling the 
mixture shall be capable of depositing the mixture within the receiving hopper of 
the spreading equipment, or in windrows of uniform size in front of the spreading 
equipment, with a minimum of segregation of the mix.

 

A motor grader may be used as the spreading machine or the spreading machine 
shall be capable of receiving the material by direct deposit in its hopper from 
the hauling vehicle or from a uniform windrow, and be capable of spreading and 
screeding the material to a depth and surface that when compacted will be true to 
line, grade, depth of course, and cross-section without further shaping.

2.  Road Mix Method – Each layer of surfacing material shall be spread by equipment 

that is approved by the Engineer. Equipment that causes segregation of the 
surfacing material during the spreading operation will not be allowed. Similar 
types of spreading equipment shall be used throughout the limits of each separate 
spreading operation. Spreading on small areas of less than 2,000 square yards or on 
areas irregular in shape, may be accomplished by other means as approved by the 
Engineer.

 

The following nominal depth of compacted material shall not be exceeded in any one 
course without the approval of the Engineer:
 

Ballast 

0.50 foot 

Gravel Base 

0.75 foot 

Crushed Surfacing 

0.35 foot

Page 4-6 

Ballast and Crushed Surfacing

4-04.3(5)  Shaping and Compaction

Immediately following spreading and final shaping, each layer of surfacing shall be 
compacted to at least 95 percent of maximum density determined by the requirements of 

Section 2-03.3(14)D

 before the next succeeding layer of surfacing or pavement is placed. 

The determination of field in-place density shall be made by the Nuclear gauge. When the 
thickness of surfacing is less than 0.15 foot, density testing will not be required and the 
Engineer will determine the number of coverages required for the particular compaction 
equipment available. Vibratory compactors and rollers shall obtain the specified density 
for each layer. A mist spray of water shall be applied as needed to replace moisture lost by 
evaporation. The completed layer shall have a smooth, tight, uniform surface true to the 
line, grade, and cross-section shown in the Plans, or as staked.

When using 100% Recycled Concrete Aggregate, the Contractor may submit a written 
request to use a test point evaluation for compaction acceptance testing in lieu of 
compacting to 95% of the standard density as determined by the requirements of 

Section 

2-03.3(14)D

. The test point evaluation shall be performed in accordance with SOP 738.

4-04.3(6) Keystone

When necessary, as determined by the Engineer, crushed surfacing top course shall be 
used for keystone to key the top surface of ballast, gravel base, crushed surfacing base 
course, or any other surfacing course that requires keying. The keystone shall be spread 
evenly on top of the surfacing course by means of approved spreading equipment. The 
surface shall be watered and, if necessary, bladed lightly until the keystone is worked 
into the interstices of the surfacing course without excessive displacement and shall be 
compacted. The operations of adding keystone, wetting, blading, and compacting shall be 
continued until the course has become thoroughly keyed and compacted.

When keystone is required, that is subject to public traffic, it shall be placed before 
terminating each day’s operation.

Keystone placed for the convenience of the Contractor, with approval of the Engineer, 
for the purpose of creating a more dense surface on which to pave will be allowed within 
the top 0.20 foot of crushed surfacing base course, gravel base, or ballast. Keystone 
placed for this purpose will be paid for at the lower unit Contract price for either the base 
material being keyed or crushed surfacing top course.

4-04.3(7)  Miscellaneous Requirements

The surface of each layer of surfacing material shall be maintained true to line, grade, and 
cross-section by grading, watering, and rolling until placing the next succeeding course. 
The first course of surfacing material shall be placed on all available Subgrade before 
placing the succeeding course unless otherwise authorized by the Engineer. Unless 
otherwise approved, there shall be a distance of not less than one station between the 
construction of any two courses of surfacing or ballast.

Ballast and Crushed Surfacing 

4-04

Should irregularities develop in any surface during or after compaction, they shall be 
remedied by loosening the surface and correcting the defects after which the entire 
area including the surrounding surface shall be thoroughly recompacted. Any additional 
materials necessary to make the repairs shall be furnished by the Contractor at the unit 
Contract price.

4-04.3(8)  Weather Limitations

When, in the opinion of the Engineer, the weather is such that satisfactory results cannot 
be obtained, the Contractor shall suspend operations until the weather is favorable. No 
surfacing materials shall be placed in snow or on a soft, muddy, or frozen Subgrade.

4-04.3(9) Hauling

Hauling equipment shall be routed over the Roadway in a manner to be most effective 
in the compacting of the surfacing. Hauling over any of the surfacing in the process of 
construction will not be permitted when, in the opinion of the Engineer, the effect will be 
detrimental. All loads shall be of uniform capacity unless deviation is expressly authorized 
by the Engineer.

4-04.3(10)  Hours of Work

The Contractor shall arrange surfacing operations so that the placing of materials will 
be accomplished during daylight hours. However, when necessary to complete the 
project within the time specified, or to avoid peak periods of public traffic, Work may be 
undertaken during the hours of darkness, provided the Contractor furnishes and operates 
adequate lighting. Inability to demonstrate reliable and satisfactory results will be reason 
to order termination of night operations, and the Contractor shall procure additional 
equipment and personnel necessary to satisfactorily complete the Work as specified 
while operating during daylight hours only.

4-04.3(11)  Permeable Ballast

Permeable ballast shall not be placed until the abutting pavement has been completed 
unless designated by the Engineer. Permeable ballast shall be placed through a spreader 
box in one lift. Processing of the permeable ballast course on the Roadway will not be 
permitted. Compaction shall be accomplished by making a minimum of three passes 
over the aggregate with a vibratory compactor of a type acceptable to the Engineer. The 
density requirements of 

Section 4-04.3(5)

 shall not apply.

Page 4-8 

Ballast and Crushed Surfacing

4-04.4 Measurement

Crushed surfacing top course, base course, ballast, and gravel base, when mixed at a 
central plant, will be measured by the ton. The weight of water added at the plant will be 
deducted on a daily basis from the total tonnage of aggregates, including water, placed 
that day which were processed through the central plant and placed on the Roadway. 
The resultant tonnage of surfacing materials will be paid for at the unit Contract price. 
The weight of deducted water will be converted to gallons and will be paid for at the unit 
Contract price for water.

Crushed surfacing top course, base course, ballast, and gravel base, when mixed by the 
road mix method, will be measured by the ton or by the cubic yard. If measured by the 
cubic yard, measurement will be made in the hauling conveyance at the point of delivery 
on the Roadway.

Permeable ballast will be measured by the ton or by the cubic yard.

Crushed surfacing materials for placement in stockpile will be measured by the ton 
or cubic yard. If measured by the cubic yard, the volume will be determined by cross-
sectioning the stockpile.

Maintenance rock will be measured in the same manner prescribed for crushed surfacing 
materials.

Water used in placing and compacting surfacing materials on the Roadway will be 
measured in accordance with 

Section 2-07

.

4-04.5 Payment

Payment will be made for each of the following Bid items that are included in the 
Proposal:

“Crushed Surfacing Top Course (or Base Course)”, per ton, or per cubic yard.
“Crushed Surfacing Top Course (or Base Course) in Stockpile”, per ton, or per cubic 
yard.
“Crushed Surfacing Top Course (or Base Course) from Stockpile”, per ton, or per cubic 
yard.
“Ballast”, per ton, or per cubic yard.
“Ballast in Stockpile”, per ton, or per cubic yard.
“Ballast from Stockpile”, per ton, or per cubic yard.
“Permeable Ballast”, per ton, or per cubic yard.
“Permeable Ballast in Stockpile”, per ton or per cubic yard.
“Permeable Ballast from Stockpile”, per ton or per cubic yard.
“Maintenance Rock ½ In. Minus in Stockpile”, per ton, or per cubic yard.