Standard Specifications for Road, Bridge, and Municipal Construction 2020 (M 41-10)

Construction Geosynthetic

2-12

2-12.3(3) Soil Stabilization

The geotextile shall either be overlapped a minimum, of 2 feet at all longitudinal and
transverse joints, or the geotextile shall be sewn together. The initial lift thickness shall be
12 inches or more. Compaction of the first lift above the geotextile shall be by Method A
according to

Section 2-03.3(14)C

. No vibratory compaction will be allowed on the first lift.

2-12.3(4) Permanent Erosion Control and Ditch Lining

Unless otherwise shown in the Plans, the geotextile shall either be overlapped a minimum
of 2 feet at all longitudinal and transverse joints, or the geotextile joints shall be sewn
together. If overlapped, the geotextile shall be placed so that the upstream strip of
geotextile will overlap the next downstream strip. When placed on slopes, each strip shall
overlap the next downhill strip.

Placement of aggregate and riprap or other cover material on the geotextile shall start
at the toe of the slope and proceed upwards. The geotextile shall be keyed at the top
and the toe of the slope as shown in the Plans. The geotextile shall be secured to the
slope, but shall be secured loosely enough so that the geotextile will not tear when the
riprap or other cover material is placed on the geotextile. The geotextile shall not be
keyed at the top of the slope until the riprap or other cover material is in place to the top
of the slope.

All voids in the riprap or other cover material that allow the geotextile to be visible shall
be backfilled with quarry spalls or other small stones, as designated by the Engineer,
so that the geotextile is completely covered. When an aggregate cushion between the
geotextile and the riprap or other cover material is required, it shall have a minimum
thickness of 12 inches.

An aggregate cushion will be required to facilitate drainage when hand placed riprap,
as specified in

Section 9-13.1(4)

, is used with the geotextile.

Grading of slopes after placement of the riprap or other cover material will not be allowed
if grading results in stone movement directly on the geotextile. Under no circumstances
shall stones with a weight of more than 100 pounds be allowed to roll down slope. Stones
shall not be dropped from a height greater than 3 feet above the geotextile surface if an
aggregate cushion is present, or 1 foot if a cushion is not present. Lower drop heights
may be required if geotextile damage from the stones is evident, as determined by the
Engineer. If the geotextile is placed on slopes steeper than 2:1, the stones shall be placed
on the slope without free-fall for moderate survivability, high survivability, and ditch
lining geotextiles.

Page 2-56

Construction Geosynthetic

2-12.4 Measurement

Construction geotextile, with the exception of temporary silt fence geotextile and
underground drainage geotextile used in trench drains, will be measured by the square
yard for the ground surface area actually covered.

Underground drainage geotextile used in trench drains will be measured by the square
yard for the perimeter of drain actually covered.

2-12.5 Payment

Payment will be made for each of the following Bid items that are included in the
Proposal:

“Construction Geotextile for Underground Drainage”, per square yard.
“Construction Geotextile for Separation”, per square yard.
“Construction Geotextile for Soil Stabilization”, per square yard.
“Construction Geotextile for Permanent Erosion Control”, per square yard.
“Construction Geotextile for Ditch Lining”, per square yard.
Sediment removal behind silt fences will be paid by force account under temporary
water pollution/erosion control. If a new silt fence is installed in lieu of sediment
removal, the silt fence will be paid for at the unit Contract price per linear foot for
“Construction Geotextile for Temporary Silt Fence”.

Division 3

Aggregate Production and Acceptance

3-01

Production From Quarry and Pit Sites

3-01.1 Description

This Work shall consist of manufacturing and producing crushed and screened aggregates
including pit run aggregates of the kind, quality, and grading specified for use in the
construction of concrete, hot mix asphalt, crushed surfacing, maintenance rock, ballast,
gravel base, gravel backfill, gravel borrow, riprap, and bituminous surface treatments of
all descriptions.

The requirements specified shall apply whether the source is ledge rock, talus, gravel,
sand, or any combination thereof.

3-01.2

Material Sources, General Requirements

3-01.2(1) Approval of Source

Material sources must be approved in advance of use in the Work in accordance with
the requirements of

Section 1-06

. This approval of source may require sampling and

testing. If sampling is required, the samples must be taken at locations designated and
witnessed by the Engineer or a designated representative. The Contractor is responsible
for providing representative preliminary samples of aggregate sources to the Engineer.

3-01.2(2) Preparation of Site

The portion of the quarry or pit site to be used shall be cleared and grubbed, and the
area from which materials are to be taken shall be stripped of overburden as provided
in

Section 3-01.2(3)

. All combustible debris resulting from these operations shall be

disposed of by the Contractor in a manner satisfactory to the Engineer.

The Contractor shall provide sufficient space as required for the setup and operation
of the Contracting Agency’s field testing facilities at the site of crushing or hot mix
asphalt production.

As directed by the Engineer, the Contractor shall provide one of the following to ensure
24-hour per day operation of the Contracting Agency’s laboratory trailer(s) that may
be set up at the site during production:
1. A power source and a power cord of sufficient length to reach the Contracting

Agency’s laboratory trailer(s) which may be set up at the site. The cord shall be
capable of carrying at least 120/240 volts, 60 cycles at a sustained load of up to
200 amps. The cord and trailer(s) electrical hookup shall meet the NEC code. Power
shall be provided and connected when requested by the Engineer. The laboratory
trailer(s) hookup shall be protected by a 2 pole 50 amp 240 VAC circuit breaker.

2. A daily supply of fuel adequate for operation of the Contracting Agency’s

generator(s).

Page 3-2

Production From Quarry and Pit Sites

Potable water shall be provided to the Contracting Agency’s laboratory trailer(s) for use
during plant operations when requested by the Engineer.

3-01.2(3) Stripping Quarries and Pits

Stripping of quarries and pits shall consist of the removal, after clearing and grubbing,
of the surface material and overburden which is unsuitable for the kind of material to be
borrowed or produced for use. Materials from stripping, to be used later as provided on
the site reclamation plan specified in

Section 3-03

, shall be deposited within the quarry

or pit site at such a location as not to interfere with future development within the site.

3-01.2(4) Production Requirements

All oversize stones, rock fragments, or boulders occurring in the source, up to and
including those measuring 18 inches in the greatest dimension, shall be utilized in the
manufacture of crushed material.

If the grading or quality of raw material in sources used for the manufacture of products
covered by this section is such that the fracture, grading, or quality of the product
specified cannot be obtained by utilizing the natural material, fine portions of the raw
material shall be rejected to the extent necessary to produce products meeting all
requirements of these Specifications. Failure of the Contracting Agency to include a
scalping requirement in the Special Provisions shall not relieve the Contractor of the
responsibility for rejecting fine portions of the material if such becomes necessary
to produce products meeting all requirements of these Specifications. Scalping
shall be performed after the pit-run or quarry-run material has passed through the
primary crusher.

When scalping over a screen of a specified size is required in the Special Provisions,
the scalping screen shall be of such size and capacity that enough of the fine material
will be removed to produce Work that conforms to the Specifications.

Washing and reclaiming of the reject material and subsequent addition of this material
to any finished products will not be allowed unless specifically authorized in writing
by the Engineer.

Surplus screenings accumulated during the crushing and screening of specified Roadway
materials will be considered separate and distinct from reject material resulting from
scalping operations.

Both fine and coarse concrete aggregates shall be thoroughly washed in order to remove
clay, loam, alkali, bark, sticks, organic castings, or other deleterious matter. Washing will
be required in the production of other materials if necessary to produce products meeting
all the quality requirements of these Specifications.

Production From Quarry and Pit Sites

3-01

When producing screened gravel or sand materials, the Contractor shall remove all
oversize material by screening at the pit site. The Contractor’s operations in the pit
shall be conducted so that the grading of individual loads will be reasonably uniform.
In general, the Contractor shall utilize the most suitable materials available and
shall make as many moves of the loading equipment as may be necessary to fulfill
these requirements.

Where pit-run materials meet Specifications, screening or processing will not be required.

3-01.2(5) Final Cleanup

Upon completion of the Contractor’s operation, the quarry or pit shall be cleared of all
rubbish, temporary Structures, and equipment, and shall be left in a neat and presentable
condition. The pit or quarry shall be reclaimed in accordance with the approved site
reclamation plan specified in

Section 3-03

3-01.3

State Furnished Material Sources

Unless specified in the Special Provisions, no Contracting Agency material sources are
provided and the Contractor shall bear full responsibility for furnishing all materials.

3-01.3(1) Quality and Extent of Material

Contracting Agency furnished material sources will be shown in the Plans and described
in the Special Provisions. The quality of material in such sources will be acceptable in
general, but the Contractor shall determine the amount of Work required to produce
the material meeting these Specifications. It shall be understood that it is not feasible
to ascertain from samples, the limits for an entire source, and that variations shall be
considered as usual and are to be expected. The Engineer may order procurement
of material from any portion of a source and may reject portions of the source
as unacceptable.

Since many material sources are acquired in fee by the Contracting Agency for use
on future projects as well as for this Contract, it is in the public interest to preserve the
future usefulness and adequacy of a source insofar as may be practical. To achieve this
end, the Contractor shall not perform any Work within the source until receiving the
Engineer’s approval of the Contractor’s work plan within the limits of the source.

3-01.3(2) When More Than One Site is Provided

When more than one quarry or pit site is provided in the Special Provisions, the
Contractor may obtain material from any of the sources. The Contracting Agency will
specify the quantity of raw material available, as determined by tests, in each quarry or
pit site. If the Contractor sets up in a site, and it is found that the quantity of raw material
from that site, when the site is exhausted, is less than that specified by the Contracting
Agency, then the provisions of

Section 3-01.3(5)

will apply.

Page 3-4

Production From Quarry and Pit Sites

3-01.3(3) Reject Materials

All scalpings that are unsatisfactory for use under these Specifications or Special
Provisions shall be considered as reject material, subject to disposal as approved by the
Engineer. Reject material shall be placed at such a location as not to interfere with future
development within the site.

3-01.3(4) Surplus Screenings

The surplus screenings accumulated during the production of the specified materials
shall be stockpiled at a location within the site provided and become the property of
the Contracting Agency. The stockpile site shall be prepared and constructed by the
Contractor in accordance with the provisions of

Section 3-02

. All costs incurred in

producing, hauling, and stockpiling the surplus screenings shall be incidental to the
production of the specified materials and shall be included by the Contractor in the unit
Bid prices in the Contract.

3-01.3(5) Moving Plant

If, in the opinion of the Engineer, there should be insufficient suitable material in any
quarry or pit site made available by the Contracting Agency, the Contracting Agency will
acquire at its expense an additional source, in which event the Contractor will be required
to move the crushing plant to the new quarry or site. Under such conditions, payment for
the Contractor’s costs for the move will be made on a force account basis. Payment will
be limited to the labor, equipment, and materials required for the move, and no allowance
will be made for payment of standby costs for the crushing plant nor other equipment
which may be temporarily idle as a result of the move.

The clearing, grubbing, and preparing of the new quarries or pit sites as specified in

Section 3-01.2(2)

will be paid for in the manner provided in these Specifications for

“Clearing”, “Grubbing”, and “Stripping Including Haul”. If there is no Bid item applicable,
the payment for the preparation of the new site will be as provided in

Section 1-04.4

If the moving of the plant due to shortage of the supply of material necessitates a longer
haul on materials than required from the original source, the Contracting Agency will
reimburse the Contractor for the additional haul at the rate of $0.25 per ton-mile haul.
The unit ton-mile shall be the equivalent of 1 ton of material hauled a distance of 1 mile.
The haul distance will be measured in ½-mile units, fractional half-miles being allowed
as full half-miles. If the requirement for moving of the crushing plant results in a delay
of performance of Work which is critical to completion of the project, as shown by the
Contractor’s approved progress schedule, the Engineer will authorize a suspension of
Work for the time required for the move.

The above allowances, insofar as they may be applicable, shall be full pay for all claims of
any kind or description by reason of the necessity of changing from one site to another
due to shortage of the supply from sources made available by the Contracting Agency.
Before moving a crushing plant as outlined above, the Contractor shall secure from the
Engineer an order in writing to do so. Should the Contractor fail to secure such order, it

Production From Quarry and Pit Sites

3-01

shall be considered sufficient proof that the move was immaterial insofar as to cost, and
no allowance or pay will be made by reason of such move.

3-01.4

Contractor Furnished Material Sources

3-01.4(1) Acquisition and Development

If, under the terms of the Contract, the Contractor is required to provide a source
of materials, or if the Contractor elects to use materials from sources other than
those provided by the Contracting Agency, the Contractor shall, at no expense to the
Contracting Agency, make all necessary arrangements for obtaining the material and shall
ensure the quantity of suitable material is available. Preliminary samples shall be taken
by or in the presence of the Engineer or a designated representative unless the Engineer
permits otherwise. Approval of the source does not relieve the Contractor from meeting
these Specification requirements, nor does it guarantee that the material will meet
these requirements without additional or proper processing. The Engineer may require
additional preliminary samples at any time.

Approval of a Contractor’s source offered in lieu of a Contracting Agency-provided source
will be contingent upon the material therein being of equal quality, and no additional
costs will accrue to the Contracting Agency as a result of such approval. Equivalency
of quality will be based on those test values listed in the Special Provisions as being
representative of material in the Contracting Agency-provided source. If no such values
are listed, the minimum Specification requirements will apply. When measurement
by weight is specified and when the specific gravity of material produced from the
Contractor’s source is greater than that from the Contracting Agency-furnished source,
any additional material required to construct the minimum specified surfacing depth shall
be furnished by the Contractor at no expense to the Contracting Agency.

The Contractor shall notify the State Departments of Ecology, Fish and Wildlife, and
Natural Resources, in writing, of the intent to furnish the source, and shall, at no expense
to the Contracting Agency, make all necessary arrangements with these agencies for
the determinations of regulations which might be imposed upon the Contractor during
removal of materials from the source.

The source shall be selected so that, after the materials have been removed, the pit will
drain to a natural drainage course and no ponding will result. Should the source selected
by the Contractor be one which would not drain as outlined herein, permission shall be
obtained by the Contractor from the governing body of the city or county for the removal
of materials from the pit or quarry.

The Contractor will not be permitted to operate a pit or a quarry site visible from a State
Highway unless it can be demonstrated to the complete satisfaction of the Engineer
that no unsightly condition will result from or remain as a result of the Contractor’s
operations. If, in the opinion of the Engineer, unsightly conditions exist after removal
of materials from the site, the Contractor shall correct such unsightly conditions as
hereinafter provided.

Page 3-6

Production From Quarry and Pit Sites

Following removal of materials from the pit, the entire site shall be cleared of all rubbish,
temporary Structures, and equipment which have resulted from the Contractor’s
occupancy and operations. The Contractor shall obliterate or screen to the satisfaction of
the Engineer any unsightly conditions that remain. The Contractor shall secure a written
release from the permitter upon fulfillment of these requirements. All costs for cleaning
up the pit site and for the installation or erection of screening or for other work required
to correct unsightly conditions shall be at the Contractor’s expense. The requirements of
this paragraph shall not apply to pits being operated commercially.

All costs in connection with acquiring the rights to take materials from the source, for
exploring and developing the site, for complying with the regulations of the aforesaid
State agencies, for preparing the site as provided in Sections

3-01.2(2)

and

3-03

, for

cleaning up the site, and for correcting unsightly conditions, shall be included in the unit
Contract prices for the various pay items of Work involved.

3-01.4(2) Surplus Screenings

Surplus screenings accumulated during the manufacture of specified material shall remain
the property of the Contractor.

3-01.4(3) Substitution of Gravel Deposit in Lieu of Ledge Rock or Talus

Source Provided by the Contracting Agency

If the Contractor elects to substitute a gravel deposit of an approved source for the
manufacture of ballast, crushed surfacing, or mineral aggregate in lieu of a ledge rock
or talus source provided by the Contracting Agency in the Contract, all pit run materials
passing a ½-inch-square sieve, or larger if ordered by the Engineer, shall be removed prior
to crushing.

3-01.4(4) Gravel Base

If the Contract requires the Contractor to provide the source of Gravel Base, or if the
Contractor elects to furnish said material from sources other than those provided by the
Contracting Agency, the material shall be produced from approved sources in accordance
with the requirements of

Section 3-01

. The grading and quality shall be as specified in

Section 9-03.10

Measurement and payment will be in accordance with

Section 4-02

Production From Quarry and Pit Sites

3-01

3-01.5 Measurement

For payment purposes, all crushed, screened, or naturally occurring materials that are
to be paid for by the ton, dependent upon their grading, will be limited to the following
water contents naturally occurring in the material source:

Percent By Weight

Passing No. 4

Maximum Water Content

Percent By Weight

Less than 20

20 or more

Water in excess of the maximum permissible amounts naturally occurring in the material
source, as determined by the Engineer, will be deducted from the tonnage of material to
be paid for on a daily basis.

If the Contractor uses the Central Plant Mix Method of mixing water and surfacing
materials in accordance with

Section 4-04

, the added water will be measured in

accordance with

Section 4-04.4

. All other water added to the materials by the Contractor

will be deducted from the weight of the aggregates including the added water, on a
daily basis.

Clearing and grubbing of quarries and pit sites will be measured in accordance with

Section 2-01

when the Proposal includes such Bid items and such Work is required on

a source provided by the Contracting Agency, except as modified in

Section 3-01.3(5)

Stripping of quarries and pit sites will be measured in cubic yards in its original position by
cross-sectioning when the Proposal includes such Bid item and such stripping is required
on a source provided by the Contracting Agency, except as modified in

Section 3-01.3(5)

Measurement of the particular materials or aggregates to be produced will be as specified
in the appropriate section of these Specifications.

3-01.6 Payment

All costs, except as specified, in connection with the production of materials meeting all
quality requirements of these Specifications shall be included in the unit Contract prices
of the various Bid items involved.

Clearing and grubbing of quarries and pit sites will be paid in accordance with

Section

2-01

when the Proposal includes such Bid items and such Work is required on a source

provided by the Contracting Agency, except as modified in

Section 3-01.3(5)

“Stripping Incl. Haul”, shall be paid for at the unit Contract price per cubic yard when
the Proposal includes such Bid item and such stripping is required on a source provided
by the Contracting Agency, except as modified in

Section 3-01.3(5)

Page 3-8

Stockpiling Aggregates

3-02

Stockpiling Aggregates

3-02.1 Description

This Work shall consist of preparing the stockpile sites and placing the specified
aggregates in the stockpiles at the sites and in the amounts as shown in the Plans or as
approved by the Engineer.

This section also includes the requirements pertaining to the removal of aggregates from
stockpiles and the requirements for dressing up the stockpiles and stockpile site at the
completion of the Work.

3-02.2

General Requirements

3-02.2(1) Stockpile Sites Provided by the Contracting Agency

The Contracting Agency may acquire and make available to the Contractor suitable areas
as shown in the Plans for the construction of stockpiles. The stockpiled aggregates may
be for use in the immediate Work or may be for future use as more fully described below.
In either event, if the aggregates are required by these Specifications to be stockpiled,
all costs in connection with the preparation of the stockpile sites as required in

Section

3-02.2(5)

shall be included in the various Bid items involved in the Contract; except that

clearing and grubbing of the site will be measured and paid for in accordance with

Section

2-01

only when such Bid items are included in the Proposal. In the event there is no

Bid item included in the Proposal for construction and maintenance of haul roads to the
stockpile site, the Contractor shall construct and maintain the haul roads as necessary and
the cost thereof shall be included in the various Bid items in the Contract.

3-02.2(2) Stockpile Site Provided by the Contractor

If the Plans do not provide a stockpile site for the use of the Contractor in stockpiling
certain types and sizes of aggregates which are required by these Specifications to be
stockpiled prior to use in the immediate Work, all costs in connection with the acquisition
of a site, the preparation of the site, construction of the stockpiles, and the removal of the
aggregates from the stockpiles shall be included in the Contract prices of the various Bid
items of Work involved.

3-02.2(3) Stockpiling Aggregates for Future Use

The Contracting Agency may require the production and stockpiling of aggregates on
sites provided by the Contracting Agency for use on future construction or maintenance
projects to be performed under a subsequent contract or by Contracting Agency forces.

When the Contract includes the Bid item or items for specific aggregates in stockpile and
these aggregates are not to be used in Work required under the Contract, the Contractor
shall produce or furnish these aggregates complying with the quality and grading
requirements of these Specifications and shall prepare the site and place the aggregates
in stockpile in accordance with the requirements of this section or as ordered by the
Engineer in accordance with

Section 1-04.4

Stockpiling Aggregates

3-02

3-02.2(4) Stockpiling Aggregates for Immediate Use

If the Contractor elects to stockpile aggregates from a source owned or controlled by the
Contracting Agency prior to use in the immediate Work, the stockpiling shall be done
within the area of the site provided by the Contracting Agency and in accordance with the
requirements of these Specifications. If the Contractor elects to lease land to stockpile
the aggregates, the stockpiling shall be done in accordance with these Specifications
and upon proof that the lease will extend for a period of not less than one year beyond
the completion date of the Contract. All excess aggregates remaining in stockpiles after
satisfying the needs of the Contract—whether upon the site provided by the Contracting
Agency or upon land leased by the Contractor—shall be disposed of in accordance with

Section 1-09.10

. All costs resulting from the production of the excess aggregates shall be

included in the cost of production of the aggregates actually incorporated in the Work.

If the Contractor elects to stockpile aggregates from a source not provided by the
Contracting Agency prior to use in the immediate Work, it will be subject to the approval
of the Engineer and provided that the aggregates comply with the quality and grading
requirements of these Specifications. All costs in connection with the acquisition of the
stockpile site, the preparation of the site, construction of the stockpiles, and the removal
of the aggregates from the stockpiles shall be included in the Contract prices of the
various Bid items of Work involved.

3-02.2(5) Preparation of Site

Before placing aggregates upon the stockpile site, the site shall be cleared of vegetation,
trees, stumps, brush, rocks, or other debris and the ground leveled to a smooth, firm,
uniform surface. The debris resulting from clearing and preparing the site shall be
disposed of in a manner satisfactory to the Engineer.

3-02.2(6) Construction of Stockpiles

Stockpiles shall be constructed upon the prepared sites in accordance with stakes set by
the Engineer. The piles when completed shall be neat and regular in shape. The stockpile
height shall be limited to a maximum of 24 feet.

Stockpiles in excess of 200 cubic yards shall be built up in layers not more than 4 feet
in depth. Stockpile layers shall be constructed by trucks, clamshells, or other methods
approved by the Engineer. Pushing aggregates into piles with a bulldozer will not be
permitted. Each layer shall be completed over the entire area of the pile before depositing
aggregates in the succeeding layer. The aggregate shall not be dumped so that any part
of it runs down and over the lower layers in the stockpile. The method of dropping from
a bucket or spout in one location to form a cone shaped pile will not be permitted. Any
method of placing aggregates in stockpiles, which in the opinion of the Engineer, breaks,
degrades, or otherwise damages the aggregate, will not be permitted. Plank runways will
be required, when deemed necessary by the Engineer, for operating trucks on stockpiles
to avoid tracking dirt or other foreign matter onto the stockpiled materials. Stockpiles of
less than 200 cubic yards shall be piled in a manner to prevent segregation of the various
sizes of material.

Page 3-10

Stockpiling Aggregates

No equipment other than pneumatic tired equipment shall be used in constructing the
stockpiles of processed or manufactured aggregates.

Stockpiles of different types or sizes of aggregate shall be spaced far enough apart,
or separated by suitable walls or partitions, to prevent the mixing of the aggregates.
Aggregate shall not be deposited where traffic, vehicles, or Contractor’s equipment will
either run over or through the piles, or in any way cause foreign matter to become mixed
with the aggregates.

3-02.2(7) Removing Aggregates From Stockpiles

Aggregates shall be removed from stockpile in a manner to avoid separation of sizes or
admixture of dirt or foreign material. The method and equipment used for loading will be
approved by the Engineer.

No equipment other than pneumatic tired equipment shall be used on stockpiles of
processed or manufactured aggregates in removing the materials from the stockpiles.
When removing materials from the face of the stockpile, the equipment shall be operated
in a manner to face-load from the floor to the top of the stockpile to obtain maximum
uniformity of material.

The Contractor shall remove only the amount of materials from the stockpile required
to satisfy the needs of the Contract. If a surplus remains in the stockpile, the Contractor
shall leave the surplus material in neat, compact piles, free of foreign matter. The entire
stockpile site shall be left in a neat and presentable condition.

3-02.3

Additional Requirements for Specific Aggregates

3-02.3(1) Washed Aggregates

Drainpipes under the stockpile shall be provided at the Contractor’s expense when, in the
opinion of the Engineer, such drains are necessary to properly drain the aggregates.

The roads and ground adjacent to the stockpile shall be kept free of dust. Washed
aggregate that has become coated with foreign material prior to use shall be washed until
free of all foreign material or it may be rejected.

Washed aggregate shall drain in hauling conveyances or stockpiles at least 12 hours
before being weighed or measured for batching and for a longer time if so directed by
the Engineer.

Stockpiling Aggregates

3-02

3-02.4 Measurement

Clearing and grubbing of the stockpile site will be measured in accordance with

Section

2-01

when the Proposal includes such Bid items and such Work is required on a stockpile

site provided by the Contracting Agency.

Specific materials or aggregates designated in the Proposal to be in stockpile will be
measured by the ton unless the Proposal shows by the cubic yard. The cubic yard volume
for pay quantity will be determined by cross-sectioning the completed stockpile or by
computation of the volume between the original ground surface and the stockpile surface
using digital terrain modeling survey techniques.

Specific materials or aggregates designated in the Proposal to be from stockpile will be
measured by the ton or by the cubic yard, whichever is shown in the Proposal. If payment
is to be made on the basis of cubic yards, measurement will be made of the volume in the
hauling vehicle at the point of delivery on the Roadway.

3-02.5 Payment

All costs involved in preparing stockpile sites shall be included in the unit Contract prices
for the various Bid items being stockpiled, excepting that clearing and grubbing will be
paid in accordance with

Section 2-01

when the Proposal includes such Bid items and such

Work is required on a stockpile site provided by the Contracting Agency.

General Requirements For Structures

6-01

Material manufacturer’s instructions and recommendations shall supersede any
conflicting requirements in pre-approved repair procedures.

The Engineer shall be notified prior to performing any repair procedure and shall be given
an opportunity to inspect the repair work being performed.

6-01.16(2) Pre-Approved Repair Procedures

6-01.16(2)A

Concrete Spalls and Poor Consolidation (Rock Pockets,

Honeycombs, Voids, Etc.)

This repair shall be limited to the following areas:

•

Areas that are not on top Roadway surfaces (with or without an overlay) including
but not limited to concrete bridge decks, bridge approach slabs or cement concrete
pavement

•

Areas that are not underwater

•

Areas that are not on precast barrier, except for the bottom 4 inches (but not to
exceed 1 inch above blockouts)

•

Areas that do not affect structural adequacy as determined by the Engineer.

The repair procedure is as follows:
1. Remove all loose and unsound concrete. Impact breakers shall not exceed 15 pounds

in weight when removing concrete adjacent to reinforcement or other embedments
and shall not exceed 30 pounds in weight otherwise. Operate impact breakers at
angles less than 45 degrees as measured from the surface of the concrete to the tool
and moving away from the edge of the defective Work. Concrete shall be completely
removed from exposed surfaces of existing steel reinforcing bars. If half or more of
the circumference of any steel reinforcing bar is exposed, if the reinforcing bar is
loose or if the bond to existing concrete is poor then concrete shall be removed at
least ¾ inch behind the reinforcing bar. Do not damage any existing reinforcement.
Stop work and allow the Engineer to inspect the repair area after removing all
loose and unsound concrete. Submit a modified repair procedure when required by
the Engineer.

2. Square the edges of the repair area by cutting an edge perpendicular to the

concrete surface around the repair area. The geometry of the repair perimeter
shall minimize the edge length and shall be rectangular with perpendicular edges,
avoiding reentrant corners. The depth of the cut shall be a minimum of ¾ inch,
but shall be reduced if necessary to avoid damaging any reinforcement. For repairs
on vertical surfaces, the top edge shall slope up toward the front at a 1-vertical-to-3-
horizontal slope.

Page 6-6

General Requirements For Structures

3. Remove concrete within the repair area to a depth at least matching the cut depth

at the edges. Large variations in the depth of removal within short distances
shall be avoided. Roughen the concrete surface. The concrete surface should be
roughened to at least Concrete Surface Profile (CSP) 5 in accordance with ICRI
Guideline No. 310.2R, unless a different CSP is recommended by the patching
material manufacturer.

4. Inspect the concrete repair surface for delaminations, debonding, microcracking and

voids using hammer tapping or a chain drag. Remove any additional loose or unsound
concrete in accordance with steps 1 through 3.

5. Select a patching material in accordance with

Section 9-20.2

that is appropriate for

the repair location and thickness. The concrete patching material shall be pumpable
or self-consolidating as required for the type of placement that suits the repair. The
patching material shall have a minimum compressive strength at least equal to the
specified compressive strength of the concrete.

6. Prepare the concrete surface and reinforcing steel in accordance with the patching

material manufacturer’s recommendations. At a minimum, clean the concrete
surfaces (including perimeter edges) and reinforcing steel using oil-free abrasive
blasting or high-pressure (minimum 5,000 psi) water blasting. All dirt, dust, loose
particles, rust, laitance, oil, film, microcracked/bruised concrete or foreign material
of any sort shall be removed. Damage to the epoxy coating on steel reinforcing bars
shall be repaired in accordance with

Section 6-02.3(24)H

7. Construct forms if necessary, such as for patching vertical or overhead surfaces or

where patching extends to the edge or corner of a placement.

8. When recommended by the patching material manufacturer, saturate the concrete

in the repair area and remove any free water at the concrete surface to obtain
a saturated surface dry (SSD) substrate. When recommended by the patching
material manufacturer, apply a primer, scrub coat or bonding agent to the existing
surfaces. Epoxy bonding agents, if used, shall be Type II or Type V in accordance with

Section 9-26.1

9. Place and consolidate the patching material in accordance with the manufacturer’s

recommendations. Work the material firmly into all surfaces of the repair area with
sufficient pressure to achieve proper bond to the concrete.

10. The patching material shall be textured, cured and finished in accordance with the

patching material manufacturer’s recommendations and/or the requirements for the
repaired component. Protect the newly placed patch from vibration in accordance
with

Section 6-02.3(6)D

11. When the completed repair does not match the existing concrete color and will be

visible to the public, a sand and cement mixture that is color matched to the existing
concrete shall be rubbed, brushed, or applied to the surface of the patching material
and the concrete.

Concrete Structures

6-02

Concrete Structures

6-02.1 Description

This Work consists of the construction of all Structures (and their parts) made of portland
cement or blended hydraulic cement concrete with or without reinforcement, including
bridge approach slabs. Any part of a Structure to be made of other materials shall be built
as these Specifications require elsewhere.

6-02.2 Materials

Materials shall meet the requirements of the following sections:
Cement

9-01

Aggregates for Concrete

9-03.1

Gravel Backfill

9-03.12

Joint and Crack Sealing Materials

9-04

Reinforcing Steel

9-07

Epoxy-Coated Reinforcing Steel

9-07

Pigmented Sealer Materials

9-08.3(1)

Exposed Aggregate Concrete Coatings and Sealers

Permeon Treatment

Grout

Mortar

Curing Materials and Admixtures

9-23

Fly Ash

9-23.9

Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag

Microsilica Fume

Plastic Waterstop

Water

Fabricated Bridge Bearing Assemblies

9-31

6-02.3

Construction Requirements

6-02.3(1) Classification of Structural Concrete

The class of concrete to be used shall be as noted in the Plans and these Specifications.
The class includes the specified minimum compressive strength in psi at 28 days
(numerical class) and may include a letter suffix to denote structural concrete for a
specific use. Letter suffixes include A for bridge approach slabs, D for bridge decks, P
for piling and shafts, and W for underwater. The numerical class without a letter suffix
denotes structural concrete for general purposes.

Standard Specifications for Road, Bridge, and Municipal Construction 2020 (M 41-10) - page 28