Standard Specifications for Road, Bridge, and Municipal Construction 2020 (M 41-10)

Temporary Traffic Control

1-10

1-10.3(2)B

Rolling Slowdown

Rolling slowdown traffic control operations are not to be used for routine Work that can
be addressed by standard lane or shoulder closure traffic control. When a short-term
roadway closure is needed for an infrequent, nonrepetitive Work operation such as a sign
bridge removal or utility wire crossing, the Contractor may implement a rolling slowdown
on a multilane roadway, as part of an accepted traffic control plan.

The Contractor shall submit Type 2 Working Drawings consisting of a traffic control
plan detailing the expected delay time, interchange ramp control, and rolling slowdown
distance. A portable changeable message sign shall be placed ahead of the starting point
of the traffic control to warn traffic of the slowdown. The sign shall be placed far enough
ahead of the Work to avoid any expected backup of vehicles.

A rolling slowdown shall use traffic control vehicles with flashing amber lights. At least
one traffic control vehicle will be used for every two lanes to be slowed, plus a control
vehicle will serve as a following (chase) vehicle for traffic ahead of the blockade. The
traffic control vehicles shall enter the roadway and form a moving blockade to reduce
traffic speeds and create a clear area ahead of the blockade in which to accomplish the
Work without a total stoppage of traffic.

The location where the traffic control vehicles shall begin the slowdown and the speed at
which the moving blockade will be allowed to travel will be calculated to accommodate
the estimated time needed for closure. The chase control vehicle shall follow the slowest
vehicle ahead of the blockade. When the chase vehicle passes, the Contractor may begin
the Work operation. In the event that the Work operation is not completed when the
moving blockade reaches the site, all Work except that necessary to clear the Roadway
shall cease immediately and the Roadway shall be cleared and reopened as soon as
possible.

All ramps and entrances to the Roadway between the moving blockade and Work
operation shall be temporarily closed using flaggers. Radio communications between the
Work operation and the moving blockade shall be established and utilized to adjust the
speed of the blockade to accommodate the closure time needed.

1-10.3(2)C

Lane Closure Setup/Takedown

Where allowed by the Contract and where shown on approved traffic control plans or
directed by the Engineer, the Contractor shall set up traffic control measures to close one
or more lanes of a multi-lane facility. When this is to occur, the following sequence shall
be followed:
1. If the Plans show a portable changeable message sign, it shall be established in

advance of the operation, far enough back to provide warning of both the operation
and any queue of traffic that has formed during the operation.

2. Advance warning signs are set up on the Shoulder of the Roadway opposite the lane

to be closed.

3. Advance warning signs are set up on the same Shoulder as the lane to be closed.

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4. A transportable attenuator, with arrow board, is moved into place at the beginning of

the closure taper.

5. Channelization devices are placed to mark the taper and the length of the closure as

shown on the traffic control plan.

Once the lane is closed, the transportable attenuator/arrow board combination shall be
replaced with an arrow board without attenuator.

If additional lanes are to be closed, this shall be done in sequence with previous lane
closures using the same sequence of activities. A transportable attenuator with arrow
board is required during the process of closing each additional lane and is to be replaced
with an arrow board without attenuator after the lane is closed. Each closed lane shall be
marked with a separate arrow board at all times.

Channelization devices shall not be moved by traffic control personnel across an open
lane of traffic. If an existing setup or staging of traffic control devices require crossing an
open lane of traffic, the traffic control devices shall be taken down completely and then
set up in the new configuration.

Traffic control for lane closures shall be removed in the reverse order of its installation.

1-10.3(2)D

Mobile Operations

Where construction operations are such that movement along the length of a Roadway
is continuous or near-continuous to the extent that a stationary traffic control layout
will not be effective, the Contractor may implement a moving, or mobile, traffic control
scheme. Such moving control shall always be conducted in the same direction as the
adjacent traffic.

Where shown on an approved traffic control plan or where directed by the Engineer,
mobile traffic control shall consist of portable equipment, moving with the operation. A
portable changeable message sign shall be established in advance of the operation, far
enough back to provide warning of both the operation and of any queue of traffic that has
formed during the operation. The advance sign shall be continuously moved to stay near
the back of the queue at all times. A transportable attenuator, with arrow board, shall be
positioned and maintained at a fixed distance upstream of the Work. A shadow vehicle,
with transportable attenuator shall be positioned and maintained immediately upstream
of the Work.

1-10.3(2)E

Patrol and Maintain Traffic Control Measures

At all times, when temporary traffic control measures are in place, the Contractor shall
provide for patrolling and maintaining these measures. The Work shall consist of resetting
errant devices, assuring visibility of all devices, cleaning and repairing where necessary,
providing maintenance for all equipment, including replacing batteries and light bulbs as
well as keeping motorized and electronic items functioning, and adjusting the location
of devices to respond to actual conditions, such as queue length, unanticipated traffic
conflicts and other areas where planned traffic control has proven ineffective.

Temporary Traffic Control

1-10

This Work shall be performed by the Contractor, either by or under the direction of the
Traffic Control Supervisor. Personnel, with vehicles if necessary, shall be dispatched so
that all traffic control can be reviewed at least once per hour during working hours and
at least once during each non-working day.

1-10.3(3) Traffic Control Devices

Traffic control devices, including signs, furnished or provided shall conform to the
standards established in the latest WSDOT-adopted edition of the

Manual on Uniform

Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways

(MUTCD) published by the U.S.

Department of Transportation and the Washington State Modifications to the MUTCD.
Requirements for pedestrian traffic control devices are addressed in the MUTCD.

1-10.3(3)A

Construction Signs

All construction signs required by approved traffic control plans, as well as any other
appropriate signs directed by the Engineer shall be furnished by the Contractor. The
Contractor shall provide the posts or supports and erect and maintain the signs in a clean,
neat, and presentable condition until the need for them has ended. Post mounted signs
shall be installed as shown in the

Standard Plans

. When the need for construction signs

has ended, the Contractor, upon approval of the Engineer, shall remove all signs, posts,
and supports from the project and they shall remain the property of the Contractor.

No passing zones on the existing Roadway that are marked with paint striping and which
striping is to be obliterated by construction operations shall be replaced by “Do Not
Pass” and “Pass With Care” signs. The Contractor shall provide and install the posts and
signs. The signs shall be maintained by the Contractor until they are removed or until the
Contract is Physically Completed. When the project includes striping by the Contractor,
the signs and posts shall be removed by the Contractor when the no passing zones are
reestablished by striping. The signs and posts will become the property of the Contractor.
When the Contractor is not responsible for striping and when the striping by others is not
completed when the project is Physically Completed, the posts and signs shall be left in
place and shall become the property of the Contracting Agency.

All existing signs, new permanent signs installed under this Contract, and construction
signs installed under this Contract that are inappropriate for the traffic configuration at a
given time shall be removed or completely covered in accordance with

Section 8-21.3(3)

Construction signs will be divided into two classes. Class A construction signs are those
signs that remain in service throughout the construction or during a major phase of the
Work. They are mounted on posts, existing fixed Structures, or substantial supports
of a semi-permanent nature. Class A signs will be designated as such on the approved
Traffic Control Plan. “Do Not Pass” and “Pass With Care” signs are classified as Class A
construction signs. Sign and support installation for Class A signs shall be in accordance
with the Contract Plans or the

Standard Plans

. Class B construction signs are those signs

that are placed and removed daily, or are used for short durations which may extend for
1 to 3 days. They are mounted on portable or temporary mountings. Tripod-mounted
signs in place more than 3 days in any one location, unless approved by the Engineer, shall
be required to be post-mounted and shall be classified as Class A construction signs.

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Where it is necessary to add weight to signs for stability, sand bags or other similar ballast
may be used, but the top of ballast shall not be more than 4 inches above the Roadway
surface, and shall not interfere with the breakaway features of the device. The Contractor
shall follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for sign ballasting.

Signs, posts, or supports that are lost, stolen, damaged, destroyed, or which the Engineer
deems to be unacceptable while their use is required on the project shall be replaced by
the Contractor.

1-10.3(3)B

Sequential Arrow Signs

Where shown on an approved traffic control plan or where ordered by the Engineer, the
Contractor shall provide, operate and maintain sequential arrow signs. A sequential arrow
sign is required for all lane closure tapers on a multilane facility. A separate sequential
arrow sign shall be used for each closed lane. The arrow sign shall not be used to laterally
shift traffic. When used in the caution mode, the four corner mode shall be used.

1-10.3(3)C

Portable Changeable Message Sign

Where shown on an approved traffic control plan or where ordered by the Engineer,
the Contractor shall provide, operate, and maintain portable changeable message signs
(PCMS). A PCMS shall be placed behind a barrier or guardrail whenever possible, but
shall at a minimum provide 4 feet of lateral clearance to edge of travelled lane and be
delineated by channelization devices. The Contractor shall remove the PCMS from the
clear zone when not in use unless protected by barrier or guardrail.

1-10.3(3)D Barricades

Where shown on an approved traffic control plan or where ordered by the Engineer, the
Contractor shall provide, install and maintain barricades. Barricades shall be kept in good
repair and shall be removed immediately when, in the opinion of the Engineer, they are no
longer functioning as designed.

Where it is necessary to add weight to barricades for stability, sand bags or other similar
ballast may be used, but the height shall not be more than 4 inches above the Roadway
surface and shall not interfere with the breakaway features of the device. The Contractor
shall follow the manufacturer’s recommendation for sign ballasting.

1-10.3(3)E

Traffic Safety Drums

Where shown on an approved Traffic Control Plan, or where ordered by the Engineer, the
Contractor shall provide, install, and maintain traffic safety drums.

Used drums may be utilized, provided all drums used on the project are of essentially the
same configuration and the devices conform to

Section 1-10.2(3)

The drums shall be designed to resist overturning by means of a weighted lower unit that
will separate from the drum when impacted by a vehicle.

Temporary Traffic Control

1-10

Drums shall be regularly maintained to ensure that they are clean and that the drum and
reflective material are in good condition. If the Engineer determines that a drum has been
damaged beyond usefulness, or provides inadequate reflectivity, a replacement drum shall
be furnished.

When the Engineer determines that the drums are no longer required, they shall be
removed from the project and shall remain the property of the Contractor.

1-10.3(3)F Vacant
1-10.3(3)G

Traffic Cones and Tall Channelizing Devices

Where shown on an approved traffic control plan or where ordered by the Engineer, the
Contractor shall provide, install and maintain traffic cones or tall channelizing devices.
Cones and tall channelizing devices shall be kept in good repair and shall be removed
immediately when directed by the Engineer. Where wind or moving traffic frequently
displaces cones or tall channelizing devices, an effective method of stabilizing them, such
as stacking two together at each location, shall be employed, or heavier weighted bases
may be necessary.

1-10.3(3)H

Tubular Markers

Where shown on an approved traffic control plan or where ordered by the Engineer, the
Contractor shall provide, install, and maintain tubular markers. Tubular markers shall be
kept in good repair and shall be removed immediately when directed by the Engineer.
Tubular markers are secondary devices and are not to be used as substitutes for cones or
other delineation devices without an approved traffic control plan.

Where the Traffic Control Plan shows pavement-mounted tubular markers, the adhesive
used to fasten the base to the pavement shall be suitable for the purpose, as approved
by the Engineer. During the removal of pavement-mounted tubular markers, care shall be
taken to avoid damage to the existing pavement. Any such damage shall be repaired by
the Contractor at no cost to the Contracting Agency.

1-10.3(3)I

Warning Lights and Flashers

Where shown attached to traffic control devices on an approved traffic control plan
or where ordered by the Engineer, the Contractor shall provide and maintain flashing
warning lights. Lights attached to advance warning signs shall be Type B, high-intensity.
Lights attached to traffic safety drums, barricades or other signs shall be Type C, steady-
burning low intensity or, where attention is to be directed to a specific device, Type A,
flashing low-intensity units.

1-10.3(3)J

Transportable Attenuator

Where shown on an approved traffic control plan or where ordered by the Engineer,
the Contractor shall provide, operate, and maintain transportable impact attenuators
consistent with the requirements of

Section 9-35.12

. These attenuators shall be available,

on-site, for the entire duration of their projected use.

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The transportable attenuator shall be positioned to separate and protect construction
work zone activities from normal traffic flow.

During use, the attenuator shall be in the full down-and-locked position. For stationary
operations, the host vehicle’s parking brake shall be set.

A transportable attenuator may be used in lieu of a temporary impact attenuator when
approved by the Engineer as part of a stage traffic control shift to protect an object such
as blunt barrier end or bridge pier column that is located within the work zone clear zone.
This use of a transportable attenuator is restricted to a maximum of 3 days or approved
extension by the Engineer.

1-10.3(3)K

Portable Temporary Traffic Control Signal

Where shown on an approved traffic control plan, the Contractor shall provide, operate,
maintain, and remove a portable temporary traffic control signal system to provide
alternating one-lane traffic operations on a two-way facility. A portable temporary traffic
control signal system shall be defined as two traffic control units that operate together.
The system shall be trailer-mounted, fully self-contained, and designed so that it can be
easily transported and deployed at different locations.

The Contractor shall submit a Type 2 Working Drawing consisting of the manufacturer’s
specifications for the portable temporary traffic control signal. A manufacturer’s
representative is required to demonstrate the capabilities of the temporary portable signal
prior to approval and provide training to contractor personnel as necessary.

Remote manual control of the portable traffic control signal by the Traffic Control
Supervisor (TCS) or a qualified operator may be allowed if necessitated by Work area or
traffic conditions and as allowed by the Engineer.

Maximum length between signal heads shall be 1,500 feet unless otherwise shown on the
Plans or ordered by the Engineer in accordance with

Section 1-04.4

The Engineer or designee will inspect the signal system at initial installation/operation
and approve the signal timing. Final approval will be based on the results of the
operational inspection.

The Traffic Control Supervisor shall monitor and ensure that the Portable Temporary
Traffic Control Signal is fully operational and maintained as specified by the manufacturer.
This Work may include cleaning and replacing lamps and other routine maintenance
as needed.

If repairs or adjustments are required the Contractor shall respond immediately and
provide flagger traffic control, if the Roadway cannot be safely reopened to two-way
traffic, until such time that repairs can be made. The Contractor shall either repair the
signal or replace with a backup unit within 24 hours.

The Engineer will monitor the traffic, signal operation and order adjustments as needed
based on traffic conditions. Timing adjustments require the approval of the Engineer.

Temporary Traffic Control

1-10

As shown on the traffic control plan, temporary stop bars and “STOP HERE ON RED”
Signs (R10-6) shall be provided at the location traffic is expected to stop during the red
display. The stop bar locations shall be illuminated at night. The illumination shall be the
responsibility of the Contractor and shall be adjusted to ensure minimal glare to motorists.

When not in operation, remove signal heads from the view of traffic or cover signal heads
with bags made of non-ripping material specifically designed for covering signal heads. Do
not use trash bags of any type. Remove, cover, fold, or turn all inappropriate signs so that
they are not readable by oncoming traffic.

The Contractor shall provide and install all field wiring to make a complete and
operational portable traffic control signal and shall maintain the system throughout the
life of the Contract.

Portable temporary traffic signals shall not be installed within 300 feet of at-grade
railroad crossing, or if driveways or Roadway access points are located between the
portable temporary traffic control signals.

1-10.4 Measurement

1-10.4(1) Lump Sum Bid for Project (No Unit Items)

When the Bid Proposal contains the item “Project Temporary Traffic Control”, there will be
no measurement of unit items for Work defined by

Section 1-10

except as described in

Section 1-10.4(3)

. Also, except as described in

Section 1-10.4(3)

, all of Sections

1-10.4(2)

and

1-10.5(2)

are deleted.

1-10.4(2) Item Bids With Lump Sum for Incidentals

When the Bid Proposal does not contain the item “Project Temporary Traffic Control”,
Sections

1-10.4(1)

and

1-10.5(1)

are deleted and the Bid Proposal will contain some or all

of the following items, measured as noted.

“Flaggers” will be measured by the hour. Hours will be measured for each flagging station,
shown on an approved Traffic Control Plan, when that station is staffed in accordance
with

Section 1-10.3(1)A

. When a flagging station is staffed on an intermittent basis, no

deduction will be made in measured hours provided that the person staffing the station is
in a standby mode and is not performing other duties.

“Other Traffic Control Labor” will be measured by the hour. Time spent on activities
other than those described herein will not be measured under this item. The hours of
one person will be measured for each patrol route that the Contractor performs the
Work described under

Section 1-10.3(2)E

, Patrol and Maintain Traffic Control Measures,

regardless of the actual number of persons per route. Hours will be measured for each
person engaged in any one of the following activities:

•

Operating a pilot vehicle during one-way piloted traffic control.

•

Operating a traffic control vehicle or a chase vehicle during a rolling slowdown
operation.

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Temporary Traffic Control

•

Operating a vehicle or placing/removing traffic control devices during the setup or
takedown of a lane closure. Performing preliminary Work to prepare for placing and
removing these devices.

•

Operating any of the moving traffic control equipment, or adjusting signing during a
mobile operation as described in

Section 1-10.3(2)D

•

Placing and removing Class B construction signs. Performing preliminary Work to
prepare for placing and removing these signs.

•

Relocation of Portable Changeable Message Signs within the project limits.

•

Installing and removing Barricades, Traffic Safety Drums, Cones, Tubular Markers and
Warning Lights and Flashers to carry out approved Traffic Control Plan(s). Performing
preliminary Work to prepare for installing these devices.

“Construction Signs, Class A” will be measured by the square foot of panel area for each
sign designated on an approved Traffic Control Plan as Class A or for each construction
sign installed as ordered by the Engineer and designated as Class A at the time of the
order. Class A signs may be used in more than one location and will be measured for each
new installation. Class B construction signs will not be measured. Sign posts or supports
will not be measured.

“Sequential Arrow Sign” will be measured by the hour for the time that each sign is
operating as shown on an approved Traffic Control Plan.

“Portable Changeable Message Sign” will be measured by the hour for the time that each
sign is operating as shown on an approved Traffic Control Plan.

“Transportable Attenuator” will be measured per each one time only for each host vehicle
with mounted or attached impact attenuator used on the project. The final pay quantity
shall be the maximum number of transportable attenuators in place at any one time.

“Operation of Transportable Attenuator” will be measured by the hour for each
transportable attenuator manned and operated. Manned and operated shall be when the
transportable attenuator has an operator and is required to move, in operating position,
with the construction operation or when moving the transportable attenuator from one
position to another on the project.

1-10.4(3) Reinstating Unit Items With Lump Sum Traffic Control

The Contract Provisions may establish the project as lump sum, in accordance with

Section 1-10.4(1)

and also include one or more of the items included above in

Section

1-10.4(2)

. When that occurs, the corresponding measurement provision in

Section

1-10.4(2)

is not deleted and the Work under that item will be measured as specified.

1-10.4(4) Owner-Provided Resources

The Contract Provisions may call for specific items of labor, materials, or equipment,
noted in

Section 1-10

as the responsibility of the Contractor, to be supplied by the

Contracting Agency. When this occurs, there will be no adjustment in measurement of
unit quantities.

Temporary Traffic Control

1-10

1-10.5 Payment

1-10.5(1) Lump Sum Bid for Project (No Unit Items)

“Project Temporary Traffic Control”, lump sum.

The lump sum Contract payment shall be full compensation for all costs incurred by the
Contractor in performing the Contract Work defined in

Section 1-10

except for costs

compensated by Bid Proposal items inserted through Contract Provisions as described in

Section 1-10.4(3)

1-10.5(2) Item Bids With Lump Sum for Incidentals

“Traffic Control Supervisor”, lump sum.

The lump sum Contract payment shall be full compensation for all costs incurred by the
Contractor in performing the Work defined in

Section 1-10.2(1)B

“Pedestrian Traffic Control”, lump sum.

The lump sum Contract payment shall be full compensation for all costs incurred by the
Contractor in performing the Work for pedestrian traffic control defined in

Section 1-10

“Flaggers”, per hour.

The unit Contract price, when applied to the number of units measured for this item in
accordance with

Section 1-10.4(2)

, shall be full compensation for all costs incurred by the

Contractor in performing the Work defined in

Section 1-10.3(1)A

“Other Traffic Control Labor”, per hour.

The unit Contract price, when applied to the number of units measured for this item in
accordance with

Section 1-10.4(2)

, shall be full compensation for all labor costs incurred

by the Contractor in performing the Work specified for this item in

Section 1-10.4(2)

“Construction Signs Class A”, per square foot.

The unit Contract price, when applied to the number of units measured for this item in
accordance with

Section 1-10.4(2)

, shall be full compensation for all costs incurred by the

Contractor in performing the Work described in

Section 1-10.3(3)A

. In the event that “Do

Not Pass” and “Pass With Care” signs must be left in place, a change order, as described in

Section 1-04.4

, will be required. When the Bid Proposal contains the item “Sign Covering”,

then covering those signs indicated in the Contract will be measured and paid according
to

Section 8-21

“Sequential Arrow Sign”, per hour.

The unit Contract price, when applied to the number of units measured for this item in
accordance with

Section 1-10.4(2)

, shall be full compensation for all costs incurred by the

Contractor in performing the Work described in

Section 1-10.3(3)B

“Portable Changeable Message Sign”, per hour.

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The unit Contract price, when applied to the number of units measured for this item in
accordance with

Section 1-10.4(2)

, shall be full compensation for all costs incurred by the

Contractor in performing the Work for procuring all portable changeable message signs
required for the project and for transporting these signs to and from the project.

“Transportable Attenuator”, per each.

The unit Contract price, when applied to the number of units measured for this item in
accordance with

Section 1-10.4(2)

, shall be full compensation for all costs incurred by

the Contractor in performing the Work described in

Section 1-10.3(3)J

except for costs

compensated separately under the items “Operation of Transportable Attenuator” and
“Repair Transportable Attenuator”.

“Operation of Transportable Attenuator”, per hour.

The unit Contract price, when applied to the number of units measured for this item in
accordance with

Section 1-10.4(2)

, shall be full compensation for all costs incurred by the

Contractor in performing the Work for operating transportable attenuators on the project.

“Repair Transportable Attenuator”, by force account.

All costs of repairing or replacing transportable attenuators that are damaged by the
motoring public while in use as shown on an approved Traffic Control Plan will be paid
for by force account as specified in

Section 1-09.6

. To provide a common Proposal for all

Bidders, the Contracting Agency has estimated the amount of force account for “Repair
Transportable Attenuator” and has entered the amount in the Proposal to become a
part of the total Bid by the Contractor. Transportable attenuators damaged due to the
Contractor’s operation or damaged in any manner when not in use shall be repaired or
replaced by the Contractor at no expense to the Contracting Agency.

“Other Temporary Traffic Control”, lump sum.

The lump sum Contract payment shall be full compensation for all costs incurred by the
Contractor in performing the Work defined in

Section 1-10

, and which costs are not

compensated by one of the above-listed items.

“Portable Temporary Traffic Control Signal”, lump sum.

The lump sum Contract payment shall be full compensation for all costs incurred by
the Contractor in performing the Work as described in

Section 1-10.3(3)K

, including all

costs for traffic control during manual control, adjustment, malfunction, or failure of the
portable traffic control signals and during replacement of failed or malfunctioning signals.

1-10.5(3) Reinstating Unit Items With Lump Sum Traffic Control

The Contract Provisions may establish the project as lump sum, in accordance with

Section 1-10.4(1)

and also reinstate the measurement of one or more of the items

described in

Section 1-10.4(2)

. When that occurs, the corresponding payment provision in

Section 1-10.5(2)

is not deleted and the Work under that item will be paid as specified.

Division 2

Earthwork

2-01

Clearing, Grubbing, and Roadside Cleanup

2-01.1 Description

The Contractor shall clear, grub, and clean up those areas staked or described in the
Special Provisions. This Work includes protecting from harm all trees, bushes, shrubs,
or other objects selected to remain.

“Clearing” means removing and disposing of all unwanted material from the surface,
such as trees, brush, down timber, or other natural material.

“Grubbing” means removing and disposing of all unwanted vegetative matter from
underground, such as sod, stumps, roots, buried logs, or other debris.

“Roadside cleanup”, whether inside or outside the staked area, means Work done to give
the roadside an attractive, finished appearance.

“Debris” means all unusable natural material produced by clearing, grubbing, or
roadside cleanup.

2-01.2

Disposal of Usable Material and Debris

The Contractor shall meet all requirements of state, county, and municipal regulations
regarding health, safety, and public welfare in the disposal of all usable material
and debris.

The Contractor shall dispose of all debris by one or more of the disposal methods
described below.

2-01.2(1) Disposal Method No. 1 – Open Burning

The open burning of residue resulting from land clearing is restricted by

Chapter 173-425

of the

Washington Administrative Code (WAC)

. No commercial open burning shall be

conducted without authorization from the Washington State Department of Ecology or
the appropriate local air pollution control authority. All burning operations shall be strictly
in accordance with these authorizations.

2-01.2(2) Disposal Method No. 2 – Waste Site

Debris shall be hauled to a waste site obtained and provided by the Contractor in
accordance with

Section 2-03.3(7)C

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Clearing, Grubbing, and Roadside Cleanup

2-01.2(3) Disposal Method No. 3 – Chipping

Wood chips may be disposed of on-site in accordance with the following:
1. Chips shall be no larger than 6 square inches and no thicker than ½ inch.
2. Chips shall be disposed outside of sensitive areas, and in areas that aren’t in conflict

with permanent Work.

3. Chips shall not be incorporated into the embankment but may be spread on slopes

where feasible at depths no greater than 2 inches.

4. Chips shall be tractor-walked into the ground.

2-01.3

Construction Requirements

2-01.3(1) Clearing

The Contractor shall:
1. Fell trees only within the area to be cleared.
2. Close-cut parallel to the slope of the ground all stumps to be left in the cleared area

outside the slope stakes.

3. Follow these requirements for all stumps that will be buried deeper than 5 feet

from the top, side, or end surface of the embankment or any structure and are
in a location that will not be terraced as described in

Section 2-03.3(14)

a. Close-cut stumps under 18 inches in diameter.
b. Trim stumps that exceed 18 inches in diameter to no more than 12 inches

above original ground level.

4. Leave standing any trees or native growth indicated by the Engineer.
5. Trim all trees to be left standing to the height specified by the Engineer, neatly

cutting all limbs close to the tree trunk.

6. Thin clumps of native growth as the Engineer may direct.
7. Protect, by fencing if necessary, all trees or native growth from any damage caused

by construction operations.

2-01.3(2) Grubbing

The Contractor shall:
1. Grub deep enough to remove all stumps, large roots, buried logs, and other

vegetative material.

2. Grub all areas:

a.  Indicated by the Engineer or by the Special Provisions.
b.  To be excavated, including area staked for slope treatment.
c.  Where subdrainage trenches will be dug, unsuitable material removed, or

Structures built.

Clearing, Grubbing, and Roadside Cleanup

2-01

d. In which hillsides or existing embankments will be terraced as described in

Section 2-03.3(14)

e. Upon which embankments will be placed, except stumps may be close-cut

or trimmed as allowed in

Section 2-01.3(1)

item 3.

A Contract may include grubbing without mentioning clearing or roadside cleanup.
In that case, the Contractor shall remove and dispose of all upturned stumps and roots
of windfalls that lie within the cleared area of the Right of Way, even though they are
outside the area staked for grubbing. Such Work shall be incidental to other Work
covered by the Contract.

2-01.3(3) Vacant

2-01.3(4) Roadside Cleanup

Roadside cleanup, as ordered by the Engineer, consists of Work not otherwise provided
for in the Contract. Such Work may include:
1. Removing trees, snags, down timber, upturned stumps, large rocks and boulders,

and other unsightly matter outside the areas staked for clearing or grubbing.

2.  Thinning trees or brush.
3.  Filling holes, and smoothing and contouring the ground.
4.  Shaping the ends of cuts and fills to fit adjacent terrain and to enhance the area’s

appearance.

5. Obliterating abandoned roads and reshaping the areas to blend naturally with

surroundings.

Methods and equipment used in roadside cleanup shall be approved by the Engineer.

2-01.4 Measurement

When clearing and grubbing is paid per acre, the following areas will be excluded from
measurement:
1. Any area along an existing Highway that requires no Work.
2. Any gap that requires no Work, provided the gap is at least 50 feet long when

measured parallel to the center line and contains at least 2,500 square feet.

Isolated areas of less than 2,500 square feet that require Work lying between areas
excluded from measurement will be counted as having 2,500 square feet. If these
isolated areas occur intermittently, the final measurement shall not exceed the total area
containing the several isolated areas when measured as continuous.

Clearing and grubbing may be combined in the Proposal. If the Proposal calls for such
combined Work to be measured “per acre”, the measurement methods described above
will apply. If the Proposal designates such combined Work as “lump sum”, the Contracting
Agency will not base payment on any unit of measurement.

Removal of Structures and Obstructions

2-02

Removal of Structures and Obstructions

2-02.1 Description

The Work described in this section includes removing and disposing of, or salvaging,
materials named in the Special Provisions or identified by the Engineer. The Work also
includes the backfilling of trenches, holes, or pits that result from such removal.

2-02.2 Vacant
2-02.3

Construction Requirements

With certain exceptions, the Contractor shall raze, remove, and dispose of all buildings
and foundations, Structures, fences, and other obstructions that lie wholly or partially
within the Right of Way. The exceptions are utility-owned equipment and any other items
the Contracting Agency may direct the Contractor to leave intact.

When salvageable material is to remain Contracting Agency property, the Special
Provisions will identify the material and describe how the Contractor shall remove it and
where it will be stored.

Any material not named in the Special Provisions as Contracting Agency property will
become the property of the Contractor and shall be removed from the project.

The Contractor may dispose of waste material in Contracting Agency-owned sites if the
Special Provisions or the Engineer permits it. Otherwise, the Contractor shall arrange to
dispose of waste at no expense to the Contracting Agency and the disposal shall meet the
requirements of

Section 2-03.3(7)C

2-02.3(1) Removal of Foundations

When removing foundations the Contractor shall:
1. Remove foundations to a depth of at least 5 feet below finished ground elevation or

Subgrade elevation, whichever is lower.

2. Break up basement floors to promote drainage.
3. Fill basements or other cavities left by the removal of Structures. The fill shall match

the level of surrounding ground. Fill within the slopes of the Roadbed shall be
compacted to meet the requirements of

Section 2-03.3(14)C

, Method B.

2-02.3(2) Removal of Bridges, Box Culverts, and Other Drainage Structures

When salvaging any steel or wooden bridge that will remain Contracting Agency property,
the Contractor shall prevent unnecessary damage to the material. Steel members shall be
match-marked.

Unless otherwise directed, the Contractor shall remove foundations of existing Structures
to a point 2 feet below: the finished ground elevation, the adjacent ground elevation,
or the natural stream bottom. If a foundation lies wholly or partially on the site of a new
Structure, it shall be removed to a level that accommodates building the new Structure.

Page 2-6

Removal of Structures and Obstructions

Any blasting shall be subject to the Engineer’s approval. The Contractor must complete all
blasting before the placement of new Work.

2-02.3(2)A

Bridge and Structure Removal

2-02.3(2)A1 Bridge Demolition Plan Submittal

The Contractor shall submit a Type 2E Working Drawing consisting of a bridge demolition
plan, showing the method of removing the existing bridge(s), or portions of bridges,
as specified.

The bridge demolition plan shall show all equipment, sequence of operations, and
details required to complete the work, including containment, collection, and disposal
of all debris. The plan shall include a crane foundation stability analysis and crane load
calculations, including all dead load and rigging for the Work. The plan shall detail
the containment, collection, and disposal of all debris. The plan shall show all stages
of demolition.

When the bridge removal work includes removal of a truss or other steel span, and
when the Contractor’s removal method involves use of a crane or cranes to pick, lift,
and remove the truss or steel span, the Contractor shall confirm the dead load weight
prior to beginning the removal operation. The operation of confirming the dead load
shall be performed at both ends of the span or at all existing support locations, and shall
ensure that the span is broken free of its support bearings. The Contractor’s method of
confirming the dead load, whether by hydraulic jacks or other means, shall be included
in the Contractor’s bridge demolition plan submittal. Verification of dead load may be
waived with Engineer’s concurrence if the calculated lifting weight is less than 20 tons
and is less than half the safe working load of the selected crane.

When the bridge removal work involves removing portions of existing concrete without
replacement, the methods and tools used to achieve the smooth surface and profile
specified in

Section 2-02.3(2)A2

shall be included in the Contractor’s bridge demolition

plan submittal.

2-02.3(2)A2 Removing Portions of Existing Concrete

Care shall be taken in removing concrete to prevent overbreakage or damage to portions
of the existing Structure which are to remain. Before concrete removal begins, a saw cut
shall be made into the surface of the concrete at the perimeter of the removal limits.
The saw cut shall be ¾-inch deep when the steel reinforcement is to remain, and may be
deeper when the steel reinforcement is removed with the concrete.

Concrete shall be completely removed (exposing the deformed surface of the bar) from
existing steel reinforcing bars which extend from the existing members and are specified
to remain. Steel reinforcing bars that are not designated to remain shall be cut a minimum
of 1-inch behind the final surface. The void left by removal of the steel reinforcing bar
shall be filled with mortar conforming to

Section 9-20.4(2)

. The mortar shall match the

color of the existing concrete surface as nearly as practicable.

Standard Specifications for Road, Bridge, and Municipal Construction 2020 (M 41-10) - page 24