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SANY Crawler Hydraulic Excavator SY115C9/135C/155H. Operation and Maintenance Manual - page 2

Safety

Fig. 2-3

2-12

Safety

(1) Read the manual

● Warning!

● Read the Manual before operation, main-

tenance, disassembly, reassembly and

transportation of your machine.

Fig. 2-4

(2) Lock the front window

● Always lock the front window if it is open.

● If the front window is unlocked in the open

position, it may fall and personal injury

could result.

Fig. 2-5

(3) Excavator control pattern

● To prevent bodily injury or death, be aware

of the running condition and mode of your

machine. Pay attention to your surrounding

and operate your machine slowly.

Fig. 2-6

2-13

Safety

(4) High voltage

● Electrocution hazard.

● Keep a safe distance from power transmis-

sion lines.

Fig. 2-7

(5) Remove key after power-off

Before leaving your machine, lower the work

equipment to ground, engage the hydraulic

lockout control and remove the ignition key.

Fig. 2-8

(5) Alternate exit

Fig. 2-9

2-14

Safety

(7) Away from swinging range

● This decal shows the possibility of being hit

by the machine. Be away from the swing-

ing range.

● Keep a safe distance from the machine

when it is working.

Fig. 2-10

(8) Watch out work equipment

● It is possible to be hurt by the work equip-

ment.

● Keep a safe distance from the machine

when it is working.

Fig. 2-11

(9) Hot surface

● Hot parts can cause burns. Never touch

any hot part.

Fig. 2-12

2-15

Safety

(10) Squirting hazard

● Read the instruction before removing the

cap of any pressure vessel. To prevent

squirting, turn the cap slowly to release in-

ternal pressure before removing it.

Fig. 2-13

(11) Fan cutting hazard

● A rotating part may cause injury. Keep a

safe distance from any rotating part.

Fig. 2-14

(12) Track tension adjustment warning

● The regulator valve under high pressure

may eject and cause bodily injury. Never

loosen it over one turn.

Fig. 2-15

2-16

Safety

(13) Moving belt

● A rotating belt is dangerous.

● Stop the belt before maintenance.

Fig. 2-17

(14) Possible to fall

● It is possible to fall.

● Stay away from the edge.

Fig. 2-18

(15) Engine hood

● It is possible to fall.

● Never step here!

Fig. 2-16

2-17

Safety

(16) Not seating

Fig. 2-19

(17) Water separator draining precautions

A820601990962

Fig. 2-20

(18) Refill refrigerant

Fig. 2-21

2-18

Safety

2.3 General Precautions

2.3.1 Safety rules

● Only trained personnel are allowed to op-

erate and service the machine.

● All safety rules, precautions and instruc-

tions must be followed when operating and

servicing the machine.

● Taking alcohol or drug could seriously im-

pair one's ability in operating or repairing

the machine, and it is hazardous for you

and other persons.

● When working with another operator or job

site traffic signalman, be sure to make all

people understand all hand signals to be

used.

2.3.2 Abnormalities

In case of any abnormalities found during

operation and maintenance, such as noise, vi-

bration, odor, incorrect gauge display, smoke,

or oil leakage, contact your Sany distributor

and take necessary measures. Never operate

the machine before the faults are corrected.

2.3.3 Personal protective equipment

Wear proper work clothes and personal pro-

tective equipment (PPE) suitable for the envi-

ronment of the job site. You may need:

● Hard hat

● Safety shoes

● Safety glasses, goggles or face shield

● Protective gloves

● Hearing protection

● Reflective protective clothing

Fig. 2-22

● Rain gear

2-19

Safety

2.3.7 Keeping the cab clean

● Clean the mud and oil on your soles when

getting into the cab. Mud or oil under your

shoes can cause your foot to slip on the

pedal during operation, and serious acci-

dent could result.

● Remove all loose personal items or other

objects from the operator's area. Secure

these items in the tool box or remove them

from the machine.

● Never use cellular phone when operating

or driving the machine.

● Never bring Hazardous articles, such as

flammable or explosive products, into the

cab.

2.3.8 Engaging the hydraulic lockout

control

● Before you rise from the operator seat (e.g.

to open or close the front window or to

adjust the seat), lower work equipment to

ground, place hydraulic lockout control (1)

securely to the LOCK position, and then

stop the engine. If hydraulic lockout control

is FREE, accidental touching of control

levers can cause sudden machine move-

ment and serious injury, or machine dam-

age could result.

Fig. 2-26

● Before leaving your machine, always lower

work equipment to ground, place hydraulic

lockout control (1) to the LOCK position,

and then shut down the engine. Lock all

lockable components and remove ignition

key.

Fig. 2-27

2-23

Safety

2.3.9 Handholds and steps

To avoid personal injury caused by slippery

handholds or steps, observe the following in-

structions:

●

Before mounting and dismounting, check

the handholds and steps (including tracks)

for oil, grease or mud. Always keep them

clean. Make necessary repairs and tighten

loose bolts if any.

●

When mounting and dismounting the

machine, use the handholds and steps

marked by the arrows.

●

Face the machine and maintain a 3-point

Fig.

2-28

contact with the handholds and steps (in-

cluding tracks) . A 3-point contact can be

both feet and one hand, or both hands and

one foot.

●

Never use any control lever as a handhold

when mounting or dismounting the ma-

chine.

●

Never carry tools when mounting or dis-

mounting the machine.

●

Never work on an engine hood or cover

with no non-slip mat on it.

●

Always face the machine when you mount

Fig.

2-29

or dismount the machine.

●

Never jump onto/off the machine. Never

mount a moving machine. Never jump onto

the machine and try to stop it.

●

When you enter and exit the operator cab,

make sure the cab is on the central line of

undercarriage.

Fig. 2-30

2-24

Safety

2.3.13.2 Hot oil

To prevent scalds caused by hot oil when

checking or discharging the oil, always wait

for the engine oil to cool down before you pro-

ceed.

When the engine has cooled down, loosen the

cover or screw plug slowly to relieve internal

pressure.

Fig. 2-32

Fig. 2-33

2.3.14 Preventing fire and explosion

2.3.14.1 Fire caused by fuel or oils

● Engine oil and fuel must be stored in des-

ignated place, where unauthorized persons

cannot enter.

● Never smoke or use fire near fuel or en-

gine oil.

● Check for missing or loose pipe clamps,

twisted hoses, hoses rubbing against pipe-

line, damaged oil cooler, and loose bolts in

flange of oil cooler, so as to avoid oil leak-

age. Tighten, repair or replace any missing,

Fig. 2-34

loose or damaged pipe clamps, pipelines,

hoses, oil coolers or other flange bolts.

● Refuel or store oils in a place with good

ventilation.

2-26

Safety

2.3.18 Falling object protection

●

When the machine is operated in places

where the cab is likely to be hit or invaded

by falling objects, scattered materials or

foreign bodies, protective structure shall be

used to protect the operator.

●

In demolishing or breaking operation, a

front guard is necessary. In addition, a

transparent glass film shall be applied to

the windshield.

Fig.

2-37

●

In a coal mine or a quarry where falling ob-

jects are present, install falling object pro-

tective structure (FOPS) and front guard,

and apply a transparent glass film to the

windshield. The operator shall wear a hard

hat and goggles.

●

Keep the windshield shut in such condi-

tions and make sure other people are kept

a safe distance away from the operating

area.

●

Other guards may be necessary according

to different working conditions. In this case,

contact Sany distributor in advance.

2.3.19 Attachment installation

● Installation of optional parts or attachments

may involve safety issues or be limited by

the law. In this case, contact your Sany

distributor in advance.

● Sany assumes no responsibility for the in-

jury, accidents and product failure caused

by the use of unauthorized attachments

and parts.

● Before installing and using machine attach-

ments, read related instructions regarding

the attachment and general precautions on

attachment in this manual.

2-30

Safety

2.3.20 Attachment combination

Different or combined work equipment may

collide with the cab or interfere with other

machine components. Before operating work

equipment you are not familiar with, check the

clearance between it and the machine and op-

erate it carefully.

2.3.21 Cab windows glasses

● Broken cab windows at the side of the

work equipment may expose the operator

in direct contact with the work equipment.

In this case, stop operation immediately

and replace the glasses.

● Broken or damaged window provides no

protection to the operator. When the roof

window is damaged, replace it immediately

with a new one.

2.3.22 Unauthorized modification

Any modification unauthorized by Sany may

lead to safety problems, personal injury or

death. Improper modification can affect ma-

chine's strength and operator's view. Contact

your Sany distributor before making any modi-

fication. Sany assumes no responsibility for

the accidents, failure or damage caused by

unauthorized modification.

2.3.23 Job site investigation

● Machine operation near flammable materi-

als (e.g. dry tree leaves) poses a fire haz-

ard. Be careful during operation.

● Check the terrain and ground condition and

use the safest operating method. Never

operate in areas with the risk of landslide

or falling stones.

● Solidify the ground when operating beside

Fig. 2-38

2-31

Safety

a ditch or on road shoulders. Keep your

machine a safe distance away from the

ditch or road shoulder. Designate a signal

man, when necessary, to avoid accidental

injury.

●

When underground water mains, gas lines,

cables or high-voltage electric cables are

available on the job site, inform related

utilities providers and mark the area. Be

careful not to cut or damage any lines.

●

Prevent any unauthorized personnel from

entering the job site. Designate a signal

man and fence the job site when operating

your machine on a highway.

●

Be especially alert when operating on fro-

zen ground. Increase of ambient tempera-

Fig.

2-39

ture may result in soft and slippery ground.

●

When traveling or operating in shallow wa-

ter or soft ground, check the type and con-

dition of rock bed as well as the depth and

water flow before operation.

2.3.24 Operation on soft ground

● Avoid traveling or operating your machine

near cliffs, road shoulders or trenches. The

soft ground plus machine weight and vibra-

tion can cause your machine to sink or tip

over. The ground may become even softer

after heavy rain, explosion or earthquake.

● When operating on a dam or near an exca-

vated ditch, vibration and machine weight

may trigger a landslide. Before operation,

take protective measures to prevent your

machine from tipping over or falling.

2-32

Safety

2.3.25 Overhead power cables

Never drive or operate your machine near

power cables, which may bring electrocution

hazard and cause machine damage, personal

injury or death. The following steps are to be

followed while working at where power cables

could be nearby.

●

Before operation in the vicinity of power

cables, inform local power company of the

coming operation and ask them to take

Fig. 2-40

necessary measures.

●

If your machine is too close to power

cable, electrocution is most likely to occur

and cause burns or death. A safe distance

must be kept between machine and power

Cable Voltage

Safe Distance

cable (See Table 2-1). Before operation,

100V-200V

2 m ( 7 ft) or above

communicate with local power company

6,600V

2 m ( 7 ft) or above

regarding safety measures.

22,000V

3 m ( 10 ft) or above

●

A signalman is to be designated to give

66,000V

4 m ( 14 ft) or above

signals if your machine is too close to pow-

154,000V

5 m ( 17 ft) or above

er cables.

187,000V

6 m ( 20 ft) or above

●

Nobody is allowed to approach the ma-

275,000V

7 m ( 23 ft) or above

chine when it is operated near high-voltage

cables.

500,000V

12 m ( 36 ft) or above

●

If your machine is too close to the cable

Table 2-1

or touches the cable, to prevent electrocu-

tion, operator shall not leave the cab until

machine power is surely cut off. In addi-

tion, Nobody is allowed to approach the

machine.

●

To prevent accidents, wear rubber shoes

and rubber gloves during operation. Cover

the operator’s seat with rubber sheet and

pay attention to exposed part of body that

should not touch the lower part of machine.

2-33

Safety

2.3.26 Ensuring a good visibility

The machine is equipped with rearview mirrors

to improve the visibility of the operator. How-

ever, some areas cannot be seen from the

operator seat. When operating your machine

in a position that gives you poor visibility, un-

certainty of job site may cause machine dam-

age and personal injury. Observe the following

instructions when operating or driving your

machine in a place without a clear view.

● Check rear view mirrors on each workday.

Remove debris and adjust the view to en-

sure good visibility.

● Working in a darkened area requires turn-

Fig.

2-41

ing on work lamps and head lamps of the

machine. Set up auxiliary illumination on a

job site if necessary.

● Stop operation if you cannot have a clear

view in days with fog, snow, rain or sand

storm.

● Road shoulder or soft ground should be

marked. In case of bad vision, a signalman

should be available if necessary. Operator

shall especially pay attention to the marks

and follow the instruction of the signalman.

● Only one signalman is allowed to give sig-

nals.

● Make sure all workers understand all sig-

nals and gestures before operation.

2-34

Safety

market parts could contain asbestos. There-

fore, use only the parts and components sup-

plied by Sany.

2.3.29 Alternate exit

● If you are unable to open the cab door in

case of emergency, use the safety hammer

to break the rear window to escape.

● Remove the pieces of glass from the win-

dow frame before escaping. Be careful not

to be cut by broken glass. Pay attention to

the broken glass on the ground, which may

cause you to slip and fall.

Fig. 2-43

2-36

Safety

2.4 Safe Operation Precautions

2.4.1 Safe starting

2.4.1.1 Safe mounting

When you mount or dismount the machine:

● Always face the machine and maintain a

three-point contact (one hand and two feet

or two hands and one foot).

Fig.

2-44

● Never jump on/off the machine. Never

mount a moving machine.

● Never use any control lever as handhold.

● Remove the mud, oil dirt and water from

the pedals, handholds and your soles at all

times.

● The cab must be aligned with the under-

carriage centerline before you enter or exit

the cab.

An unattended machine is dangerous.

Fig.

2-45

Fig. 2-46

2-37

Safety

2.4.1.2 Seat adjustment

Uncomfortable seat position can easily lead to

operator fatigue and mistakes. The seat posi-

tion should be adjusted upon change of opera-

tor. Leaning against the back of seat, operator

shall be able to push the pedal to its limit with

his foot, and operate the control lever properly.

Otherwise, the seat should be readjusted by

moving it forward or backward.

Fig.

2-47

2.4.1.3 Seat belt

The operator may get seriously injured or

killed when the machine tips over. Before

operating the machine, check carefully your

seat belt, the buckles and the anchor point.

Replace the seat belt if damage or excessive

wear is observed. When the machine is being

operated, keep your seat belt buckled up.

The seat belt must be replaced every three

years regardless of its condition.

Fig.

2-48

2.4.1.4 Before starting the engine

Before starting your daily work, the following

items must be observed before starting the

engine.

● Clean the windows to ensure a good vis-

ibility.

● Clean the head lamps and work lamps,

and check if they are in good condition.

● Check coolant level, fuel level and engine

oil level.

Fig.

2-49

● Check for blocked air filter and damaged

electrical wires.

● Adjust the seat to a position easy for op-

eration; check seat belt and buckles for

damage and wear.

2-38

Safety

To understand proper starting steps of the ma-

chine, see “Engine Starting” on page 4-22.

● Being seated in the operator's position, ad-

just the seat so you can easily access all

controls from a seated position.

● Familiarize all warning devices, gauges

and operation controls.

● Place all controls to neutral/shutdown posi-

tion.

● Nobody is allowed to stay in the working

area.

● Start the engine as indicated in Operation

Section.

Fig.

2-50

2.4.1.7 Starting engine in cold season

● When ambient temperature is blow 10ºC,

pre-heat the engine before start it. For de-

tailed information, see “Engine Preheat-

ing” on page 4-25.

● When the machine is intended to work in

areas where temperature is always below

-15ºC, fuel heating system is recommend-

ed to improve engine startup performance.

● Sufficient warm-up operation is necessary.

Incomplete warming up may result in slow

reaction and accidents.

● Before starting, check the battery electro-

lyte. In case of frozen electrolyte, never

charge the battery or use alternative power

source to start the engine; instead, melt the

electrolyte first. Otherwise, fire may break

out on the battery.

2.4.1.8 Engine starting aid

Follow procedures in the Operation section

when using jumper cables to start the engine.

2-40

Safety

and all readings are within normal working

range.

2.4.2 Operation

2.4.2.1 Inspection before operation

● When conducting inspection, move the

machine to a spacious area without barri-

ers and operate slowly. Any other person is

not allowed to approach the machine.

● Be sure to buckle the seat belt.

● Check the gauges and machine operation

for abnormality; check the bucket, arm,

boom, travel system, swivel system and

steering system for abnormal operation.

● Check for abnormal noise, vibration, heat-

ing, odor or gauge reading; check oil or

fuel for leakage.

● When the travel control level is in neutral

position, test the engine's speed control

device; operate each control lever and

confirm they work properly. Understand the

control mode of work equipment.

● In case of any abnormality, stop operation

and take corrective measures immediately.

2.4.2.2 Prior-operation precautions

To prevent serious injury or death, follow the

items below before moving the machine.

● It is dangerous to stay in the working range

during machine operation. Sound the horn

to warn people within the working range

before operating your machine.

Fig. 2-51

● Nobody is allowed to stay on and near the

machine, or within the working range.

● To improve the visibility in the travel direc-

tion, you may turn the cab if necessary.

● Assign a signalman at where visibility is

poor.

2-42

Safety

2.4.2.4 Travel directions

WARNING

Improper operation of travel control lever/

pedal can cause serious injury or death.

● Confirm the relative positions between the

undercarriage and operator before operat-

ing the machine.

● If the motor is under the cab, pushing the

control lever/pedal forward will move the

machine backward.

● If the guide roller is under the cab, push

the control lever/pedal to move machine

forward.

Fig.

2-52

● A sign for travel direction can be found on

internal side of undercarriage. When oper-

ator pushes control lever/pedal, the actual

travel direction is the direction indicated by

arrow.

Note:

In this manual, the forward, backward, left or

right direct is the direction seen from the cab

when the cab is straight forward and the driv-

ing wheels are in the rear.

Fig.

2-53

2.4.2.3 Rules for steering safety

● Always drive and operate the machine in a

seated position.

● Nobody is allowed in the cab except the

operator.

● Check if the travel alarm works.

● Always secure the cab door or windows,

either open or closed. At job site where fly-

ing objects may get into the cab, check if

the doors and windows are properly shut.

Fig. 2-54

● Assign a signalman if a blind area exists

2-43

Safety

at the rear of the machine. In turning or

swivel operation, be alert not to hit other

machines or personnel.

●

Sound the horn to warn personnel in the

area before traveling.

●

Check for the presence of personnel and/

or obstacles again in the machine sur-

roundings before traveling.

●

Before traveling, position the machine so

Fig. 2-55

that the sprocket (1) is behind the operator

cab. If the sprockets are in front of the cab,

the machine will move in a direction oppo-

site to the move direction of control levers.

Special attention must be paid to opera-

tions under such circumstances.

●

If your vision is limited during reverse trav-

el, assign a signalman and keep him within

the range of your vision.

●

When a signalman is necessary on some

occasions, use hand signals specified in

Fig. 2-56

local regulations.

●

The machine can only be moved when

both signalman and operator understand

the signals.

●

Understand all vocal, graphic and flag

signals used in work and decide who is to

give signals.

●

Keep the windows, rear view mirrors and

work lights clean and intact.

●

Dust, heavy rain and fog may reduce vis-

ibility. Drive slowly and use proper lights in

Fig. 2-57

case of low visibility.

WARNING

During reverse or swivel operation, people

around the machine may get hit by the

counterweight or work equipment, result-

ing in serious injury or even death.

2-44

Safety

2.4.2.5 Rules for traveling safety

●

To prevent machine breakdown and avoid

damage of work equipment, never operate

the machine beyond its maximum load or

rated capacity.

●

When driving or operating the machine,

keep the machine a safe distance away

from people, building or other machine so

as to avoid collision.

●

When traveling on a highway, contact re-

lated departments in advance and follow

their instructions.

●

When traveling on flat ground, the work

equipment should be retracted and kept

20-30cm(8-12in) off the ground.

●

When traveling on rough ground, the ma-

chine shall move at a low speed and avoid

sudden change of direction, or the machine

may tumble down. If the work equipment

hits the ground, the machine will lose bal-

ance and get damaged.

Fig.

2-58

●

When traveling on rough ground or on a

steep slope, the auto-deceleration switch (if

equipped) shall be switched off. If the auto-

idle switch is on, engine speed and travel

speed may drop suddenly.

●

Avoid traveling over a barrier if possible. If

you have to do that, lower the work equip-

ment close to the ground and drive slowly.

Never let the machine travel on a barrier

that would make it tilt sharply.

●

Check first the structural strength of a

Fig.

2-59

bridge or a building before drive the ma-

chine on it.

●

Operate slowly when you are working in a

tunnel, under a bridge or power cables or

under where working height is limited. Take

care not to damage anything with work

equipment.

2-45

Safety

2.4.2.6 Safe traveling

● Check the travel direction of the machine

before driving it. Make sure you know how

to operate the control levers and pedals.

● Press the upper part of the control pedal or

push the control lever forward to move the

machine in the direction of the idlers.

● Work equipment should be kept 20-30 cm

(8-12 in) off the ground when moving on a

slope. In case of an emergency, the work

equipment could be lowered to ground im-

Fig. 2-60

mediately to help stop the machine.

WARNING

Driving the machine on a slope may cause

it to slip or tumble down, resulting in seri-

ous injury or death.

● When driving the machine up a slope, face

the cab to the uphill direction; when driving

down a slope, face the cab to the downhill

direction.

● Before traveling, always check the hard-

ness of ground before your machine.

Fig. 2-61

● When driving the machine up a slope, ex-

tend the work equipment to keep balance.

Keep the work equipment 20-30 cm (8-

12in) off the ground and drive the machine

slowly.

● When driving down a slope, lower the en-

gine speed, keep the travel control levers

close to “neutral” position and drive

Fig. 2-62

slowly.

2-46

Safety

● Drive straight up and down a steep slope.

It is very dangerous to turn on or drive

across a slope.

Fig. 2-63

● To adjust the position of the machine on a

slope, drive it onto a flat surface, reposi-

tion it and driving the machine to the slope

again.

● Drive at low speed on meadow, fallen

leaves or wet steel plate because even a

small grade could cause the machine to

slip.

● If your engine stalls out when traveling on

Fig. 2-64

a slope, place the control levers to “neu-

tral” position immediately and restart the

engine.

2.4.2.7 Operation on an incline

If you swing upper structure or operate work

equipment on an incline, you machine could

loose balance and tip over, causing serious

injury or damage. Therefore, such operations

must be performed carefully on a flat platform.

● When the bucket is fully loaded, never turn

work equipment from uphill to downhill.

Such operation is dangerous and your ma-

chine could tip over.

● If you have to operate your machine on an

Fig. 2-65

incline, always build an earth platform so

that your machine can work on a level sur-

face.

2-47

Safety

2.4.2.8 Operation in snowy weather

● Snow-covered or frozen surfaces are slip-

pery. Never manipulate the control lever

suddenly when driving or operating the

machine. Extra attention should be paid to

operation on a slope because even small

inclination could cause the machine to slip.

● The machine may tip over on frozen sur-

face which may become soft upon increase

of ambient temperature.

● Avoid deep snow, which may cause your

machine to tip over or to be buried in

snow. Be noted that you shall never be

away from road shoulder and avoid being

trapped in snow.

● When cleaning the snow, it is hard to see

the snow-covered road shoulder and ob-

jects near the road. There is danger for

your machine to tip over or hit the covered

objects. Therefore, please operate with ex-

treme caution.

2.4.2.9 Restricted operations

● Never dig under an overhang, which may

lead to falling stones, collapse of overhang,

and accidents.

Fig. 2-66

2-48

Safety

● Never dig too much under the machine,

which may cause the ground to collapse

due to cave-in, hence the accidents.

Fig. 2-67

● In excavating operation, the track should

be adjusted vertical to road shoulder or

cliff, with sprockets behind the cab, so that

the machine can retreat easily in case of

an emergency.

Fig. 2-68

● Never tear down under your machine,

which may cause your machine to destabi-

lize and roll over.

● When operating on building or other

structures, strength of structure must be

checked to avoid collapse of building, thus

resulting injury or death.

Fig. 2-69

2-49

Safety

● Never tear down any structure over your

machine. The falling of broken objects or

collapse of building could damage your

machine and cause personal injury or

death.

Fig.

2-70

●

Never break anything with the impact force

of work equipment as broken pieces could

lead to personal injury, the work equipment

could be damaged, and the counter-action

of impact force could roll over your ma-

chine.

●

Generally speaking, it is easier to tip over

with the work equipment at one side than it

is positioned in the front or rear.

Fig.

2-71

●

Lifting, moving or swinging the bucket shall

never pass over anybody or a truck's cab.

The falling of substances from the bucket

or collision of buckets could result in per-

sonal injury or machine damage.

●

The use of crusher or other heavy working

unit could cause your machine to lose bal-

ance and tip over. When operating on a flat

surface or slope:

Fig.

2-72

Never lower, swing or stop the working unit

suddenly.

Never extend or retract the boom cylinder

suddenly as which may cause your ma-

chine to tip over due to impact.

2-50

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