Military reference books and manuals (2009-2023, Volume 6)

Title: Fire Protection Procedure

Doc No: UNIF-HSE-PRO-159-C1

Rev No: C1

Page 10 of 15

Dated: October, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

3. Follow the fire and emergency procedures specific to the site / installation.

4.3 PERSONNEL RESPONSE TO FIRE ALARM

Note: The procedures to be adopted upon discovering a fire, or hearing the fire

alarm, are site specific and will vary between locations. For example, on an

offshore installation, some personnel might not evacuate immediately but

are required to remain at their place of work in order to make plant and

equipment safe or to form part of the fire fighting team. For this reason the

information given here is of a generic nature only.

Upon hearing the fire alarm, personnel should:

1. Switch off / make safe the equipment they are using and leave the area /

building by the nearest safe exit, closing doors and windows behind them

2. Proceed in accordance with local fire and emergency procedures.

Note: Personnel should not delay from evacuating to collect their personal belongings.

5 FIRE PROTECTION

5.1 FIXED FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT

5.1.1 Description and Types

The most common types of fixed fire fighting systems are:

 Sprinklers

 High Velocity Water Spray (Automatic and Manual)

 Medium Velocity Water Spray (Automatic and Manual)

 High Expansion Foam Flooding Systems (Fixed and Portable)

 CO₂ Fire Suppression Systems (may be used in unmanned areas).

5.1.2 Location and Operation

As a minimum, fixed fire fighting systems shall be located and used in accordance

with the manufacturer’s recommendations and in accordance with local legislation.

Fixed fire fighting systems shall not be modified in any way without undergoing a

thorough Risk Assessment. Any modification must only be carried out in accordance

with UNIF-HSE-PRO-312 Management of Change.

All modifications shall be recorded and held on site.

5.1.3 Inspection and Maintenance

As a minimum, fixed fire fighting systems should be inspected and maintained by a

competent person and in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and

recommendations and local legislation. The Site Manager / Offshore Installation

Manager shall ensure that a suitable inspection and maintenance programme is in

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Title: Fire Protection Procedure

Doc No: UNIF-HSE-PRO-159-C1

Rev No: C1

Page 11 of 15

Dated: October, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

place for fixed fire fighting systems.

Inspection results and any repairs carried out to a fixed fire fighting system must be

recorded and held on site for future reference.

5.2 PORTABLE FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT

5.2.1

Description and Types



Water: Water filled extinguishes are suitable for use on fires involving paper,

wood, and rubbish.

Warning: Water extinguishers must not be used on electrical fires where

there is a possibility of the water coming into contact with

electrical sources.



Foam: Foam filed fire extinguishers may be used successfully on fires

involving paper, wood and general rubbish. However, foam fire extinguishers

are primarily designed for use on oil fires.

Warning: Foam extinguishers must not be used on electrical fires where

there is a possibility of the foam coming into contact with electrical

sources.



Dry Powder: Dry powder filled extinguishers may be used on fires involving

rubbish and oil and may also be used on electrical fires. However, the use of

dry powder on electrical equipment usually makes that equipment unusable.



Carbon Dioxide (CO2): CO2 extinguishers are intended for use on electrical

fires only. If used on fires involving rubbish and debris, the pressure from the

extinguisher is likely to disturb the seat of the fire and spread burning material.

For the same reason they are not suitable for oil based fires.

5.2.2

Location

Portable fire fighting equipment must be placed in accordance with local fire

regulations, national fire protection guidelines and any other requirements.

The location of all portable fire fighting equipment should be shown on safety plans

placed at strategic locations around the site / installation.

5.2.3 Operation and Use - Recharging

All extinguishers must be recharged immediately after each use. Chemicals must

never be mixed, as the resulting chemical reactions may damage the extinguisher.

Recharging must only be done by trained personnel.

5.2.4 Inspection and Maintenance

All maintenance of portable fire fighting equipment must be carried out by a

competent person and in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations and

local legislation.

The following inspections represent the minimum requirements of any inspection

programme:

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Title: Fire Protection Procedure

Doc No: UNIF-HSE-PRO-159-C1

Rev No: C1

Page 12 of 15

Dated: October, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

 All extinguisher units must be in the designated location and clearly visible.

Signs or painted red backgrounds may be used to identify extinguisher

locations.

 All extinguishers must be visually checked every month to ensure operational

reliability (for example, seals are in place, nozzles and hoses are free from

damage and the units can be accessed easily).

 Annual inspections must be performed as per manufacturer’s specifications

and applicable regulations.

 Inspection results shall be documented for each extinguisher unit and

retained on file at the local site.

6 TRAINING AND DRILLS

6.1 TRAINING PROGRAMME

All personnel are required to be knowledgeable on the common causes and types of

fire and must be familiar with the use of fire fighting equipment. This is achieved by

the use of a comprehensive training programme that includes:

 established training courses for all personnel joining a BP installation,

including a schedule of planned and regular refresher courses

 regular on-site drills and practices.

6.2 TRAINING RECORDS

Training records for all personnel shall be held on site. In particular, for offshore

installations, all personnel shall have completed their training before being allowed

offshore unless the Offshore Installation Manager grants dispensation (for example,

for contractor personnel who shall only be offshore on a one-off basis and only for a

limited period).

6.3 PRACTICE DRILLS

Practice drills shall be held at regular intervals according to an established

programme. The drills shall be used to practice and improve personnel skills and

knowledge in fire fighting techniques and also to highlight any shortcomings in

established fire fighting procedures.

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Title: Fire Protection Procedure

Doc No: UNIF-HSE-PRO-159-C1

Rev No: C1

Page 14 of 15

Dated: October, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

APPENDIX A - DEFINITIONS

Fire Protection:

All measures used to minimise injury and loss through fire,

including procedures, design, selection, installation and

maintenance.

Fire Prevention:

Procedures used to minimise or prevent fire.

Fire Detection

Equipment designed to detect fire and raise the alarm.

Systems:

Fire

Systems designed to suppress or extinguish fires through

Suppression

automatic or manual activation.

Systems:

Emergency

Planned measures designed to minimise the risk of injury in an

Procedures:

emergency situation.

Combustible:

The property of any material or substance that will readily burn.

Flammable:

The property of a substance that ignites easily, burns intensely

and has a rapid flame-spread.

Flash Point:

The lowest temperature at which a flammable or combustible

liquid gives off vapours to form an ignitable mixture with air.

Ignition

The lowest temperature at which a mixture of vapour and air will

Temperature:

ignite without a spark or flame. The term also applies to the

temperature of a hot surface that can ignite flammable vapours.

Flammable or

The range between the smallest and largest amounts of vapour

Explosive

in a given quantity of air that will explode or burn. The amount is

Range:

usually given in percentages and are based on normal

atmospheric temperatures and pressures.

Water

The capability of a flammable or combustible liquid to be soluble

Solubility:

in water.

Spontaneous

Ignition due to the rapid oxidation of a substance that generates

Combustion:

enough heat for ignition to occur.

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Title: Fire Protection Procedure

Doc No: UNIF-HSE-PRO-159-C1

Rev No: C1

Page 15 of 15

Dated: October, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

APPENDIX B - CHECKLIST FOR FIRE SAFETY MANAGEMENT

Note: This checklist in this appendix is provided as an aide memoir only, and is not

intended for use as an approved test certificate or an official document:

CHECKLIST FOR FIRE SAFETY MANAGEMENT



Ensure that written fire safety and emergency evacuation instructions are

provided, properly displayed and regularly updated.



Ensure that all means of escape from buildings, installations and work areas

are properly indicated and readily accessible.



Ensure that adequate fire fighting equipment is provided, correctly located

and indicated.



Make all personnel aware of the location of escape routes, fire alarms and fire

fighting equipment.



Arrange training in the use of fire fighting equipment.



Keep readily combustible materials and flammable liquids to a minimum

consistent with reasonable requirements and ensure that relevant statutory

requirements, codes and client standards are observed, particularly during

cutting and welding operations.



Ensure that good housekeeping is practised, for example, the removal of

unwanted rubbish and packing materials from the work area.



Ensure that an annual fire safety audit of all premises is carried out.



Refer to the HSE Adviser in the event of queries.

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Title: Gas Detection Equipment

Doc No: UNIF-HSE-PRO-201-C1

Procedure

Rev No: C1

Page 2 of 10

Dated: October, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

1.1

DOCUMENT PURPOSE

1.2

DOCUMENT SCOPE

RESPONSIBILITIES

2.1

SITE MANAGER

2.2

AREA AUTHORITY

2.3

GAS TESTERS

GAS DETECTORS (TYPE AND USE)

3.1

ALL GAS DETECTORS

3.2

FIXED GAS DETECTORS

3.3

PORTABLE GAS DETECTORS

FIXED GAS DETECTION SYSTEMS

4.1

LOCATION AND USE

4.2

SYSTEM FAILURE

4.3

LOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMITS (ALARM AND SHUTDOWN LEVELS)

4.4

CALIBRATION

4.4.1

Frequency

4.4.2

Calibration Records

PORTABLE GAS DETECTORS

5.1

ISSUE AND USE

5.1.1

Issue

5.1.2

Use

5.2

GAS TESTERS

5.2.1

Gas Tester Level 1

5.2.2

Gas Tester Level 2

5.3

OPERATION

5.3.1

Personal Protective Equipment

5.3.2

Test Criteria

5.3.3

Test Location

5.3.4

Reading Interpretation

5.3.5

Handling Portable Gas Detectors

5.4

CALIBRATION

5.4.1

Before Use

5.4.2

Additional Calibration

5.4.3

Calibration Method

5.4.4

Calibration Records

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Title: Gas Detection Equipment

Doc No: UNIF-HSE-PRO-201-C1

Procedure

Rev No: C1

Page 3 of 10

Dated: October, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 DOCUMENT PURPOSE

This Safe System of Work provides the guidelines and procedures necessary to

ensure a safe working environment through the:

 controlled and systematic monitoring for combustible gas using:

- fixed gas detection systems

- portable gas detection equipment

 regular maintenance of gas monitoring equipment

 use of suitably trained and authorised Gas Testers.

1.2 DOCUMENT SCOPE

The contents of this Safe System of Work are applicable on all BP owned and

managed sites and installations in Azerbaijan and Georgia and to all personnel

employed on those sites and installations.

2 RESPONSIBILITIES

2.1 SITE MANAGER

The Site Manager / OIM is responsible for:

 formally appointing suitably qualified and experienced persons to carry out:

 gas testing

 gas testing instrument calibration and testing

 ensuring that fixed gas detection systems on the site

/ installation are

maintained in an operational state

 ensuring that procedures are in place that ensure gas testing is carried out

wherever necessary.

2.2 AREA AUTHORITY

Area Authorities are responsible for ensuring that gas tests are carried out within their

area of responsibility wherever there is any possibility that combustible gas might be

present.

2.3 GAS TESTERS

Authorised Gas Testers are responsible for carrying out gas tests to the level to

which they are authorised.

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Title: Gas Detection Equipment

Doc No: UNIF-HSE-PRO-201-C1

Procedure

Rev No: C1

Page 4 of 10

Dated: October, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

3 GAS DETECTORS (TYPE AND USE)

3.1 ALL GAS DETECTORS

Gas detectors shall:

 be used wherever there may be a risk to people or property caused by the

presence of flammable gas

 be designed to issue suitable audible or visual warnings that alert personnel

to the presence of flammable gas.

3.2 FIXED GAS DETECTORS

Fixed gas detectors are detectors that are permanently placed at strategic locations,

and where deemed appropriate by local management, to monitor conditions on a

continuous basis. In particular they are placed wherever it is thought that combustible

gas could collect following an uncontrolled and unplanned release.

Note: Fixed gas detection systems may initiate specific safety actions automatically.

3.3 PORTABLE GAS DETECTORS

Portable gas detectors are often used during activities that take place where

flammable gas could exist, for example, in confined spaces. In most cases, the use

of portable gas detection equipment will be called for by the work procedure /

instruction.

4 FIXED GAS DETECTION SYSTEMS

4.1 LOCATION AND USE

Fixed or automatic combustible gas detectors/systems may be used to initiate a

number of automatic safety actions, including:

 visual and audible warnings

 plant / equipment shutdown

 operation of fire extinguishing systems

 installation evacuation alarm.

4.2 SYSTEM FAILURE

Any malfunction, abnormal condition, or failure of the fixed gas detection system that

prevents the safe operation of plant and machinery, shall initiate an automatic shut

down of that facility.

Note: When the facility operates on purchased electrical power, shutdown features

must incorporate adjustable time delays to prevent plant shutdown from short

duration power outages. Automatic restart systems shall be overridden by the

shutdown system.

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Title: Gas Detection Equipment

Doc No: UNIF-HSE-PRO-201-C1

Procedure

Rev No: C1

Page 5 of 10

Dated: October, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

Partially attended sites / facilities (those which are not manned 24 hours a day)

must have suitable provisions incorporated so that affected plant / equipment can be

automatically shutdown for 24 hours without causing damage to the facility.

In partially attended facilities, any malfunction, abnormal condition, or failure of the

fixed gas detection system that actuates a plant or machinery shutdown must also

actuate a visual enunciator. A remote signalling device must be actuated during

unattended periods.

In fully attended facilities, each any malfunction, abnormal condition, or failure of

the fixed gas detection system that actuates a plant or machinery shutdown must

actuate a visual and audible alarm prior to the shutdown. These alarms must actuate

sufficiently ahead of each shutdown point to give time for corrective measures to

prevent a shutdown.

4.3 LOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMITS (ALARM AND SHUTDOWN LEVELS)

Concentrations of combustible gases that will trigger alarms and shutdowns shall be

as follows. These are maximum set values. Set points may be lower.



10% Lower Explosive Limit - Low alarm, actuate alarms/enunciator



50% Lower Explosive Limit - High alarm, may or may not actuate

shutdowns, depending upon the capability of the facility.

4.4 CALIBRATION

4.4.1 Frequency

Combustible gas detection systems shall be calibrated in accordance with the

manufacturer’s recommended procedures or at least every 3 months, whichever is

more frequent.

Calibration Gas Tanks

Gas detectors are usually calibrated using gas from a calibration gas tank. It is a

good safety practice to install a tube from floor level to detectors placed at high levels

and ceilings. This permits introduction of the calibration gas through the tubes at

ground level.

The contents of the calibration gas tank are under pressure. Therefore the following

precautions should be observed at all times:

 Do not allow oil, grease or flammable solvents to contact the flow control of

the calibration gas tank.

 Do not store calibration gas tanks near heat or fire, or in room used for

habitation.

 When the tank is exhausted, discard in a safe place such as burial in the

earth or in sanitary landfill.

 Do not throw in fire or incinerate.

 Do not puncture.

 Keep out of the reach of children.

 It is not permitted and it is hazardous to refill these gas tanks.

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Title: Gas Detection Equipment

Doc No: UNIF-HSE-PRO-201-C1

Procedure

Rev No: C1

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Dated: October, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

 Do not attach the calibration gas tank to any other apparatus other than

described above.

4.4.2 Calibration Records

Records must be maintained on the calibration of these instruments at the site /

installation. Records should include the:

 detector location

 detector make/mode

 detector type

 date of calibration

 calibration results

 name of the person who completed the calibration.

5 PORTABLE GAS DETECTORS

5.1 ISSUE AND USE

5.1.1 Issue

Portable gas detectors must only be used:

 in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions for determining the lower

explosive limit of combustible gas in the air

 by personnel trained in their use.

Note: On BP sites and installations in Azerbaijan and Georgia this means that

portable gas detectors may only be used by authorised Gas Testers.

5.1.2 Use

Portable gas detectors, or explosimeters, use a set of batteries to measure the

oxidation rate of the combustible gas. This measurement is then read from a meter

showing the gas combustibility.

Portable combustible gas detectors shall be used when:

 introducing flame into an area which may contain a flammable atmosphere.

 lighting fired heater vessels.

 issuing hot work permits.

 doing all confined space entry work

 leak seeking

 verifying gas-free conditions.

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Title: Gas Detection Equipment

Doc No: UNIF-HSE-PRO-201-C1

Procedure

Rev No: C1

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Dated: October, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

5.2 GAS TESTERS

Personnel required to operate portable gas detectors shall have completed the

training programme for Authorised Gas Tester Level 1 or Level 2 and shall be

formally appointed by the Site Manager for carrying out gas test (see Safe System of

Work UNIF-HSE-PRO-104 Authorisation).

All training will be conducted by qualified personnel only and will be documented and

kept on file.

5.2.1 Gas Tester Level 1

An Authorised Gas Tester Level 1 is authorised to test for the presence of flammable

gas or vapour, toxic gas and oxygen, and in particular to test atmospheres in

‘Confined Spaces’ as defined in UNIF-HSE-PRO-108 - Confined Space Entry

5.2.2 Gas Tester Level 2

An Authorised Gas Tester Level 2 is authorised to test for the presence of flammable

gas or vapour.

5.3 OPERATION

5.3.1 Personal Protective Equipment

Warning: It must be understood that testing an area because there is a possibility of

a hazardous condition, the person conducting the test must be protected

from the potential hazard and be properly equipped with the necessary

safety equipment.

Fire resistant clothing is advisable where it is available.

5.3.2 Test Criteria

Testing procedures must conform to the following criteria.

 The test must be valid and accurate which means that the correct instrument

of known accuracy was used in such a manner as to give the true picture.

 The person using the instrument must make sure that the instrument is giving

reliable information and that it is interpreted correctly.

 The goal of the test is not to show vapours within certain limits but to show the

actual picture of the entire contents of the space. If the presence of a vapour

is indicated, the space or area must be re-evaluated to determine why, and

corrective measures must be taken before work proceeds.

 Field calibration records must be documented by the tester. This

documentation should include the serial number of the unit, the date and

results of the calibration and the name of the person performing the

calibration/gas testing.

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Title: Gas Detection Equipment

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Procedure

Rev No: C1

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Dated: October, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

5.3.3 Test Location

Location is important because the hazard may be restricted to a small portion of the

entire volume. Therefore, it is important to test the whole volume. If the vapour or

gas has a specific gravity which is different from that of air, there may be lighter

gases collecting at the top of the space while the heavier ones will hug the floor and

collect in pits and sumps.

Note: Most flammable gases are heavier than air and will settle in low-lying areas.

5.3.4 Reading Interpretation

The operator must always watch the meter while testing. The needle can quickly rise

and fall in a high concentration and come to rest on that part of the scale that would

indicate a safe reading, yet in actual fact, an extremely dangerous concentration

could exist. This is particularly evident when strong concentrations of explosive

vapour are in an oxygen deficient atmosphere.

Some instruments cannot be used in oxygen deficient atmospheres. In these cases

detector tubes will be used to give accurate readings.

5.3.5 Handling Portable Gas Detectors

Sampling Hoses:

Select the correct sampling hose for the specific application and always use the

shortest length of sampling hose

(this will minimize the possibility of vapours

condensing in the hose).

Before Use:

Before use, check the:

 calibration of the instrument to be sure it is reading accurately.

 battery voltage and/or zero adjustment periodically.

 instruments for tightness.

Purging:

Whenever a reading is obtained, purge the instrument in fresh air, and take a second

test to be certain of an accurate reading.

Purge the indicator by drawing in fresh air, even if another sample is not to be taken

right away, as this removes any possibility of contamination by corrosive gases in the

combustion chamber.

Restrictions in Use:

Warning: Do not remove the flashback arrestors from the instrument. They

prevent the explosion that occurs in the combustion chamber from

passing back to the mixture being sampled.

 Do not sample high temperatures with a cold instrument. Condensation may

occur and give a false reading. Whenever possible, the instrument must be at

the same temperature as the vapour being sampled.

 Do not use the indicator for sampling gasoline vapours containing TEL

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Title: Gas Detection Equipment

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Procedure

Rev No: C1

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Dated: October, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

(tetrathylead, liquefied lead additive) unless the indicator has been approved

for this specific application.

 Do not let the sampling hose or probe reach into a liquid.

 Do not adjust the voltage when a sample is in combustion chamber.

5.4 CALIBRATION

5.4.1 Before Use

Portable combustible gas indicators shall be inspected and field calibrated, in

accordance with the manufacturers instruction, prior to use.

All field calibration tests will be done upwind, in a clean fresh air environment, away

from the area to be tested. The reasons for testing in this area are to ensure:

 the instrument is not contaminated and therefore may give false readings.

 that personnel are in a safe working environment.

5.4.2 Additional Calibration

If the instrument is to be used numerous times during a shift, it may only be

necessary to calibrate prior to the initial use unless the instrument:

 has been dropped

 used in a highly contaminated environment

 has been subjected to fluid entry

 has been subjected to extreme temperature change.

5.4.3 Calibration Method

There are two steps to thorough calibration:

 Set the Zero in air and the span using a certified known gas /air calibration

gas.

 Perform a function test in the field (a solvent marker will be enough to activate

the alarm on a combustible gas sensor).

Note: Function tests do not replace calibration. Function tests are only used to

confirm operation of the sensor and alarms.

Warning: Using a butane lighter to activate the alarm during function testing is

dangerous

5.4.4 Calibration Records

Field calibration and maintenance records must be documented by operating

personnel and maintained on file at the local field office.

Records must be maintained on the calibration of these instruments at the installation

/ local field office. Records should include the:

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Title: Hydrogen Sulphide

Doc No: UNIF-HSE-PRO-202-C1

Procedure

Rev No: C1

Page 2 of 16

Dated: June, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1

DOCUMENT PURPOSE

1.2

DOCUMENT SCOPE

2 RESPONSIBILITIES

2.1

SITES

2.2

UPSTREAM TECHNOLOGY GROUP

2.3

CUSTODIAN

2.4

SITE MANAGER / OIM

2.5

AREA AUTHORITIES

2.6

SAFETY ADVISORS

2.7

HEALTH MANAGER

3 HYDROGEN SULPHIDE DESCRIPTION

3.1

WHERE HYDROGEN SULPHIDE CAN OCCUR

3.2

PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF HYDROGEN SULPHIDE

4 HYDROGEN SULPHIDE DETECTION KNOWN H₂S AREAS

4.1

KNOWN H₂S AREAS

4.2

HYDROGEN SULPHIDE FIXED DETECTION SYSTEM

4.3

HYDROGEN SULPHIDE PORTABLE DETECTION EQUIPMENT

4.4

AREAS NOT CURRENTLY PRODUCING H2S

4.5

OTHER AREAS

4.6

GAS TESTER LEVEL 1

5 HYDROGEN SULPHIDE PRECAUTIONS

5.1

CLASSIFICATION OF H₂S RISK AREAS

5.2

BREATHING APPARATUS TRAINING

5.3

CONTINGENCY PLANNING

6 HYDROGEN SULPHIDE FIRST AID

APPENDIX A

APPENDIX B: DISCOVERY OF AN H₂S LEAK OR FINDING A VICTIM OF H₂S

EXPLOSIVE

APPENDIX C

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INTRODUCTION

1.1

DOCUMENT PURPOSE

This Safe System of Work contains the information and guidelines necessary to

assist in reducing the risks encountered when working with Hydrogen Sulphide to as

low as reasonably practicable.

1.2

DOCUMENT SCOPE

The contents of this Safe System of Work apply to all BP owned and managed sites

and installations in Azerbaijan and Georgia where Hydrogen Sulphide is present or

has a potential to be present. For detailed procedures to be followed during drilling,

well testing and well servicing operations, refer to the BP Drilling Operations

Guidelines (EUR-D-001), Hydrogen Sulphide (H₂S) Procedures. 1120/GEN.

Note: All personnel working on BP owned sites and installations in Azerbaijan and

Georgia where Hydrogen Sulphide could be present must be made aware of

the contents of this document.

The following Safe Systems of Work may also be relevant to this one, depending

upon the circumstances:

 UNIF-HSE-PRO-103 Permit to Work

 UNIF-HSE-PRO-108 Confined Space Entry

RESPONSIBILITIES

2.1

SITES

Sites shall be responsible for:

 Operating in accordance with this document assuring them of compliance.

 Establishing a sampling programme to detect any onset of H₂S at producing

sites where H₂S is not currently present in the well fluids.

 Maintaining a recorded system of training for all personnel working in areas

with an H₂S hazard.

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2.2

UPSTREAM TECHNOLOGY GROUP

Upstream Technology Group

(UTG) shall be responsible for the provision of

authorities advice on all aspects of H₂S during drilling and well operations.

2.3

CUSTODIAN

The Health Manager is custodian for this document and will:

 Maintain this document and co-ordinate any updates

 Provide a risk assessment and advisory service, in conjunction with UTG, on

the adequacy of proposed H₂S detection and protection methods.

 Disseminate relevant lessons learned, within and out with BP

2.4

SITE MANAGER / OIM

Site Managers / OIMs are responsible for:

 the assessment and management of health risks on the site / installation

 reviewing the Risk Assessment findings and recommendations

 ensuring systems are in place to implement and track the actions resulting

from the Risk Assessment

 Ensure sufficient monitoring systems and equipment is in place and there is

adequate equipment available on site e.g. Oxygen equipment.

 ensuring that mechanisms are in place to communicate the findings,

recommendations and requirements of the Hydrogen Sulphide Risk

Assessment to all relevant personnel (including contractors, visitors, etc).

2.5

AREA AUTHORITIES

Area Authorities shall ensure that:

 Hydrogen Sulphide Risk Assessments are carried out before any related

tasks are undertaken or begun

 Personnel working under their supervision are aware of the risks involving

Hydrogen Sulphide and are aware of the necessary precautions.

 Personnel working under their supervision are trained in the use of monitoring

devices and other protective systems.

2.6

SAFETY ADVISORS

Safety Advisers are responsible for providing technical support, guidance and

advice, whenever required.

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2.7

HEALTH MANAGER

The Health Manager is responsible for:

 maintaining this Safe System of Work

 ensuring Company training programmes comply with the requirements of this

Safe System of Work.

HYDROGEN SULPHIDE DESCRIPTION

3.1

WHERE HYDROGEN SULPHIDE CAN OCCUR

Hydrogen Sulphide can occur naturally:

 in crude oil and gas

 during the decomposition of organic materials, including sewage

 in de-oxygenated seawater, which encourages the growth of Sulphate-

reducing Bacteria (SBR)

In addition, Hydrogen Sulphide can be produced as a by-product:

 while processing hydrocarbons that contain Sulphur

 from the chemical action of acids on metallic sulphides; for example, during

the chemical cleaning of equipment containing Iron Sulphide deposits.

H₂S is generated by bacteria in seawater, which thrives in conditions of oxygen

deficiency and, together with organic materials as a nutrient, reduces the sulphate in

seawater to hydrogen sulphide

3.2

PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF HYDROGEN SULPHIDE

Characteristics of H₂S

Principle characteristics of H₂S are:

 Highly toxic, colourless, flammable gas which, in relatively low

concentrations, can quickly cause unconsciousness

 Approximately

20% denser than air and therefore can accumulate inn

depressions around an area where the gas is present

 Has an auto-ignition temperature of 260^oC, is flammable in the range of

4.3% to 45% volume in air and burns with a blue flame to produce sulphur

dioxide, which is also toxic

 Is highly corrosive to certain metals. In particular, materials containing copper

should never be used due to the possibility of an explosive reaction with H₂S

 In air, concentrations are measured in parts per million (ppm) on a volume-

to-volume basis. In water, concentrations are measured in milligrams per litre

(mg/I)

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Toxicity

Warning: Hydrogen Sulphide is highly toxic and can cause unconsciousness and

death at quite low concentrations.

Hydrogen Sulphide is an irritant and an extremely toxic gas, between five and six

times as toxic as Carbon Monoxide. After exposure to Hydrogen Sulphide, symptoms

usually begin immediately:

 Low level exposure causes irritation of the eyes, nose and throat

 Moderate exposure levels can cause headaches, dizziness, nausea and

vomiting as well as coughing spasms and breathing difficulties within 15

minutes

 Higher exposure levels can cause shock, convulsions, coma, and damage

to the heart, brain damage and death.

Very low concentrations of Hydrogen Sulphide can be detected by the offensive

odour of rotten eggs. However, personnel working in areas where Hydrogen

Sulphide is present may become accustomed to the smell because prolonged and

repeated exposure will cause the sense of smell to tire (not being able to smell it,

may mean that concentration of H₂S has increased, not decreased). Higher

concentrations of Hydrogen Sulphide can paralyse the sense of smell immediately

and rapid loss of consciousness. Death may result within minutes unless the casualty

is moved to fresh air and resuscitated.

Note: Recent evidence indicates that long-term exposure to relatively low

concentrations of H₂S (10 to 30ppm) may affect respiratory efficiency by interfering

with oxygen uptake (anaerobic respiration).

Corrosiveness

Hydrogen Sulphide is highly corrosive, especially in association with moisture or

oxidizing gases such as Oxygen and Carbon Monoxide. Iron and steel are

particularly vulnerable.

Corrosion mechanisms associated with Hydrogen Sulphide include:

 general corrosion

 pitting

 crevice corrosion, including Sulphide Stress Corrosion Cracking which can

lead to sudden and catastrophic failure

 Hydrogen induced cracking, also known as hydrogen embitterment

Any equipment likely to be exposed to Hydrogen Sulphide must be made of

appropriate materials, constructed and operated to take account of these corrosion

problems.

Pyrophoric Scale

Carbon steel lines and equipment that carry gas or liquids containing hydrogen

sulphide may develop a layer of pyrophoric scale (iron sulphide) on their internal

surfaces. When these lines or equipment are opened up to atmosphere, oxygen

from the atmosphere will react with the pyrophoric scale to produce spontaneous

burning. If hydrocarbons or other combustible substances are present during this

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reaction, an explosion may result.

Warning: A by-product of this oxidising process is Sulphur Dioxide, which is also

toxic.

Whenever such lines and equipment are opened up to atmosphere, their internal

surfaces should be doused thoroughly with water or blanketed by steam in order that

any pyrophoric scale is rendered harmless.

Warning: Equipment and pipe work that has been on sour-gas duty (i.e. contains

more than 0.5% by weight of H₂S) should only be opened in one place at

a time unless the pyrophoric scale has been thoroughly wetted. Opening

the system in more than one place can cause through drafts capable of

igniting the scale.

If the introduction of water is not permissible, either due to corrosion potential or the

risk of freezing, a nitrogen purge followed by a further purge with a mixture of 5%

oxygen in nitrogen will allow controlled oxidation.

Pyrophoric scale that has been removed from lines and equipment shall be placed in

a drum and immediately covered with water. It must then be disposed of by:

 burying or burning in a suitable area as determined by legislation (onshore

situations)

 slurrying with water and storing in sealed drums, clearly marked

‘PYROPHORIC SCALE’, and manifested as dangerous goods and sent

ashore (offshore situations).

Apart from the hazards to personnel, H₂S also poses a risk of sulphide corrosion and

hydrogen embrittlement to metals. Protection methods for metals are detailed in BP

Hydrogen Sulphide Technical Safety Aspects Guidance Note GN 91/30 (refer to BP

Engineering Standard GS 136-1.

HYDROGEN SULPHIDE DETECTION KNOWN H₂S AREAS

4.1

KNOWN H₂S AREAS

In cases where H₂S is known to be present or may be present in well fluids,

appropriate measures shall be provided to prevent exposure of personnel to this

hazard.

Procedures, especially those relating to breaking of containment, confined space

entry and gas testing, shall be the principle means of protecting personnel. Portable

instruments may be used together with procedures to monitor a potentially

hazardous are in which personnel are present.

The personnel using and relying on the detection equipment shall be trained in its

use.

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4.2

HYDROGEN SULPHIDE FIXED DETECTION SYSTEM

Note: It is BP policy that the protection of site personnel is primarily achieved by

the safe working practices defined in this document, not by the use of fixed

detectors. However, fixed detection methods may be installed for other

reasons.

Areas where an accumulation of H₂S is possible may be monitored by use of fixed

detectors that react to H₂S and give early warning of its presence. However, these

should not be relied on to prove the area is clear of an H₂S hazard. Personnel should

not approach an area where such a suspected release has taken place unless they

are wearing self-contained breathing apparatus.

Warning: There may also be a risk of ignition and explosion in such a scenario;

if the lower explosive limit (LEL) on H₂S or the LEL of other process gasses

has been exceeded, then personnel should not approach the area. Isolations

should be applied remotely.

4.3

HYDROGEN SULPHIDE PORTABLE DETECTION EQUIPMENT

Where a specific risk of H₂S has been identified, personnel are recommended to use

portable detectors or wear personal electronic detectors that alarm when H₂S

level reaches 5 PPM.

Portable Hydrogen Sulphide monitors must be provided so that in the event of a

Hydrogen Sulphide escape, the extent of the danger can be established.

Chemical sampling methods of Hydrogen Sulphide detection are preferred, because

they are much more reliable than instruments. it is important to ensure that the

detector tubes used to monitor Hydrogen Sulphide are always within the test expiry

date.

Note: Chemical sampling methods are not suitable in certain circumstances; for

example, for confirming that clean air has been reached when escaping

from a Hydrogen Sulphide hazard.

4.4

AREAS NOT CURRENTLY PRODUCING H₂S

In cases of producing sites, which at present do not have H₂S in their well fluids,

sampling shall be undertaken at defined intervals in order that any onset of H₂S is

established early.

4.5

OTHER AREAS

Appropriate measures shall be provided for non-process systems/areas, which have

the potential to produce H₂S. These measures shall be determined by suitable risk

assessment.

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4.6

GAS TESTER LEVEL 1

An Authorised Gas Tester Level 1 is authorised to test for the presence of flammable

gas or vapour, toxic gas and oxygen, and in particular to test atmospheres in

‘Confined Spaces’ as defined in UNIF-HSE-PRO-108 - Confined Space Entry.

HYDROGEN SULPHIDE PRECAUTIONS

5.1

CLASSIFICATION OF H₂S RISK AREAS

Warning: Notices warning of the presence of H₂S and stipulating access

requirements must be posted at the perimeter of medium and high-

risk areas, and at every access point.

High Risk Areas

High risk areas are those areas where Hydrogen Sulphide is likely to be continually

present above the 8 hour Time Weighted Average Long Term Exposure Limit of 5

PPM (see Appendix A) for long periods during normal operations and where routine

monitoring is mandatory.

Note: It is usual BP practice to paint pipe work and vessels containing hazardous

concentrations of Hydrogen Sulphide yellow, or with yellow bands.

In areas where H₂S is likely to be encountered, sufficient self-contained (positive

pressure) breathing apparatus sets (working sets) shall be kept for all persons

normally working in that area. Two full spare air cylinders for each set shall be held in

reserve in an open-air safe area. Adequate numbers of 10-minute duration escape

sets shall also be provided.)

If the presence of H₂S in the air is suspected or alarm activated, personnel must

leave the area immediately, if possible heading into the wind.

Entry into such areas shall be permitted only under a planned entry procedure and a

work permit. Personnel, working in pairs, must wear self-contained positive pressure

breathing apparatus or an airline. A standby rescue team should be in attendance.

Consideration should be given to the installation of wind direction indicators

(windsocks or flags) in high-risk areas, to aid direction of escape upwind/across wind.

Medium Risk Areas

Medium risk areas are those areas where Hydrogen Sulphide may occur during

certain planned operations and maintenance activities and where monitoring is

carried out during these operations.

Only authorized persons should enter these areas. Work shall be carried out under

permit to work procedures that should list precautions to be taken. The area should

be monitored with portable Hydrogen Sulphide detection equipment during these

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activities.

In both the above cases, it is vital that the source of any H₂S is clearly identified and

an assessment made of any potential for deterioration.

Low Risk Areas

Low risk areas are those areas where Hydrogen Sulphide is not likely to occur in

normal operations, and if it does occur it will exist only for a short time, e.g. system

malfunction.

Personnel entering low risk areas must be made aware of the possibility of the

presence of Hydrogen Sulphide and the emergency arrangements in force at the

site.

Notices warning of the presence of Hydrogen Sulphide and stipulating access

requirements must be posted at the perimeter of medium and high-risk areas, and at

every access point to them.

5.2

BREATHING APPARATUS TRAINING

All personnel who are likely to work in an environment where there could be potential

exposure to Hydrogen Sulphide shall be given positive pressure breathing

apparatus training (self-contained and air-line sets). Only fully trained personnel

shall be permitted to wear breathing apparatus and they must receive local refresher

training every six months.

Personnel should be trained where and when to remove breathing apparatus after

completing a job since there may still be Hydrogen Sulphide present. They should

either remove the set at a remote location or test the atmosphere adjacent to the job

first.

Training shall also be given in mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and the use of

resuscitation equipment.

On plant where high concentrations of Hydrogen Sulphide are likely, consideration

should be given to the use of escape breathing apparatus sets. These can either be

carried by personnel or located at various parts of the plant.

5.3

CONTINGENCY PLANNING

It is not feasible to provide a single plan for every contingency at every site. Plans

must prepared on a site by site basis, and should cover:

 planning for a Hydrogen Sulphide release

 personnel training

 Hydrogen Sulphide monitoring.

In addition, sites that have a Hydrogen Sulphide risk must have an alarm system that

is understood by all personnel.

If the presence of H₂S in the air is suspected, personnel must leave the area

immediately. The Area Authority, accompanied by one other person shall don

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breathing apparatus and investigate, by using suitable test equipment, the

concentrations of H₂S in the air.

Upon recognition of an H₂S gas hazard (e.g. by smell) or on activation of personnel

H₂S detectors. As a minimum, the following steps should be incorporated into any

response to a Hydrogen sulphide release:

1. Evacuate the area, moving across wind if possible.

2. If necessary, don an emergency BA escape set to effect safe escape.

3. Do not attempt to rescue other personnel from the H₂S area unless equipped

with BA set (leave it to the rescue team).

4. A person outside the H₂S risk area should oversee personnel working in an

H₂S atmosphere or on equipment where H₂S is present.

Reference should be made to Appendix B, for what to do on discovery of an H₂S leak

or finding a victim of H₂S exposure. (Any accidents/incidents shall be reported in

accordance with Accident and Incident Investigation and Reporting Procedure).

Planning for a Hydrogen Sulphide Release

A site action plan should be prepared showing the location of safe areas according

to prevailing wind conditions. For onshore sites usually three safe Areas will be

defined:

 Two areas will be in the open air on opposite sides of the site (so that at least

one will be upstream of any incident). These areas shall be used for

mustering essential personnel.

 The third area (at a remote off-site location) will be used to muster all non-

essential personnel.

On offshore Installations, there should be one suitable Temporary Safe Refuge

(TSR) where personnel can withdraw to in the event of a release of H₂S. This area of

module should have shutoff dampers on the Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning

(HVAC) system to prevent the ingress of H₂S.

Protective / emergency equipment should be stored or located near to the two

Safe Areas used for essential personnel. In addition, in areas where H₂S is likely to

be encountered, sufficient self contained positive pressure breathing apparatus sets

shall be kept for all persons normally working in that area. Two full spare air cylinders

for each set shall be held in reserve in an open-air safe area. Adequate numbers of

escape sets shall also be provided.

A trained rescue team should be established.

Where operations are being carried out in a known Hydrogen Sulphide area, and

where personnel may be required to wear breathing apparatus, it should be

ascertained that personnel have no obvious medical conditions that might endanger

their health or performance prior to breathing apparatus training.

Training of Personnel

Al personnel shall be informed of the hazards relating to Hydrogen Sulphide and they

shall receive instruction in the correct use of any personal safety equipment,

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Hydrogen Sulphide detectors, warning systems and evacuation procedures.

Information relating to Hydrogen Sulphide safety measures shall be prominently

displayed at strategic points around the site / installation.

All personnel working in the crew and rescue team should be instructed in basic first

aid procedures applicable to victims of Hydrogen Sulphide exposure.

All ERT and rescue team members should be instructed in basic first aid procedures

applicable to victims of H₂S exposure. Training exercises and drills must be carried

out on a regular basis.

Monitoring for Hydrogen Sulphide

See paragraph 4.2 Hydrogen Sulphide Portable Detection Equipment.

HYDROGEN SULPHIDE FIRST AID

Symptoms of acute Hydrogen Sulphide poisoning reduce rapidly when inhalation of

the gas ceases. It is therefore vital to get casualties into fresh air and to summon

medical aid immediately.

Casualties should be kept at rest. If their breathing is slow, laboured or impaired,

artificial resuscitation (mouth to mouth or by the use of a mechanical resuscitator)

may be necessary.

Note: Before commencing mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, any gas in the casualty’s

lungs should be first expelled by pressing down on the chest.

Warning: Rescuers must wear positive pressure self-contained breathing

apparatus (BA).

Monitoring the Presence of H₂S

Portable H₂S monitors must be provided so that, in the event on an H₂S escape, the

extent of the danger area can be established.

H₂S monitors should be set to current occupational exposure limits i.e. 5ppm.

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APPENDIX A

Classification of Physiological Responses to Hydrogen Sulphide Classification of

Physiological Responses to Hydrogen Sulphide

Occupational Exposure Standards (OESs) for airborne substances hazardous to

health are controlled by either Long Term Exposure Limits (LTELs) or Short Term

Exposure Limits

(STELs) or both. These are normally expressed as Time

Weighted Average (TWA) concentrations and are calculated in the case of the

long term exposure limit, to restrict the total intake of H₂S by inhalation over one

or more work shifts, and to control the effects due to brief exposure of H₂S at

higher levels in case of the short term exposure limit. In the case of Short Term

Exposure Occupational Exposure Limits for H₂S are defined as follows:

Time Weighted Average Concentrations

The limits refer to the maximum exposure concentration when averaged over an

8-hour day or a 15-minute period respectively.

Long-term exposure limit (the 8 hour Time Weighted Average value) for H₂S =

5 PPM (7mg/m³).

In case of the standard 12 hour shift, the long term exposure limits for H₂S would

therefore be 8/12 of 5 PPM = 3.3PPM.

Short-term exposure limit (the 15 minute Time Weighted Average value) for

H₂S = 10 PPM (14mg/m³).

The way H₂S affects people depends on the level and timescale of exposure and

individual susceptibility to the gas

(alcohol in the bloodstream enhances the

effects of H₂S poisoning).

It should be noted that the nose is much more sensitive to H₂S than detection

equipment.

However, it is less proficient at determining the difference between a small

amount and an amount large enough to impair the sense of smell, therefore the

nose should not be relied on other than as an initial alert to the presence of the

gas.

A summary of physiological responses to various concentrations of H₂S is given

in Table 1.

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Table 1 - Physiological Response to H₂S

Physiological Response

Concentration

(ppm)

Detectable by smell

0.0025

LTEL (the 8-hour TWA value)

STEL (the 15-minute TWA value)

Low concentration: possible reparatory effects and eye

About 30

irritation

Loss of sense of smell

About 100

Medium concentration: dizziness, headaches, nausea,

About 500

abdominal pains after 15 minutes, dangerous after 30

minutes exposure, rapidly produces unconsciousness and

death if effective resuscitation is not applied

Rapid unconsciousness followed by death within minutes

Over 1000

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APPENDIX B DISCOVERY OF AN H₂S LEAK OR FINDING A VICTIM OF

H₂S EXPLOSIVE

START

Working In

Known H2S

Area?

No Problems But:

* Learn To Recognise

* Yellow Pipe/Vessels

Potential H₂S Sources

* Local Warning Signs

* Pheriphery Warning Signs

* Lookout For Warning

* Fixed/Personal Monitors

Signs

* SSW Special Instructions

* Know How To Use

BA/Escape Sets (And

Their Limitations)

* Learn Correct Methods Of

Resuscitation

(1) Alarm Activated

(>5ppm)?

Find Possible

Carry On

(2) Smell of H2S?

Victim of H₂S

Normal Work

(3) Feell Unwell Whilst Working

Exposure

(4) H2S Leak

(1) Leave Area Immediately

(1) Inform 2nd Person to

(2) Warn Others (ie Activate

Advise Proposed

Contingency Plan)

Emergency Action and

(3) Do Not Re-Enter Area

Request Help (ie

Without Wearing Positive

Activate Contingency

Pressure BA

Plan)

(4) Check Area For Other

(2) Don Positive Pressure BA

Victims

(3) Move Victim To Fresh Air

(5) Isolate Source Of H₂S

Immediately (Check You Are

Leak If Possible

Outside H2S Release Area

Before Removing BA)

(4) If Victim Not Breating, Start

Rescusitation Immediately.

(5) Ensure Victim Gets Medical

Examination For Side

Effects/Incidental injuries

Raise Appropriate Accident/Incident

Report Document

The controlled version of this document can be found at: http://baku.bpweb.bp.com/dep/hse/safe/

Next Revision Date: 30/06/2005

Print Date: 24/07/2010

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Title: Hydrogen Sulphide

Doc No: UNIF-HSE-PRO-202-C1

Procedure

Rev No: C1

Page 16 of 16

Dated: June, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

APPENDIX C

Central Azeri

The potential for H₂S to be present in the reservoir fluids has been identified;

therefore H₂S detectors are installed at the shale shaker on Central Azeri. The H₂S

Alarm consists of GPA audible alarm with Yellow Beacons in high noise areas. In

addition two Red Toxic Gas beacons will be triggered in the effected zone.

There is no voting for these detectors therefore a single low-level detection gives

alarm at fire and gas panel only. While a single high level detection alarms at fire and

gas panel and sounds a H₂S alarm via the PA system. Activates Toxic Gas beacons

in the affected fire zone and isolates all plug and sockets in naturally ventilated areas.

In the event of the activation of the H₂S detectors personnel must leave the area

immediately, moving across or up-wind if possible. If necessary don emergency BA

escapes set to effect safe escape. Only personnel with suitable breathing apparatus

are allowed to re-enter the area

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Title: Noise Risk Management

Doc No: UNIF-HSE-PRO-203-C1

Procedure

Rev No: C1

Page 2 of 13

Dated: October, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Document Purpose

1.2 Document Scope

1.3 Associated Procedures

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

2.1 Business Unit Leader

2.2 Site Manager / OIM

2.3 Area Authority

2.4 Hearing Conservation Co-ordinator

2.5 Health Team Leader

2.6 Contractors

2.7 Equipment Suppliers and Vendors

ASSESSING NOISE RISK

3.1 Noise Criteria

3.2 Noise Assessment Requirements

3.3 Noise Exposure Management System

3.4 Noise Measurement

CONTROLLING NOISE RISK

4.1 Area Noise Levels

4.2 Personnel Work Patterns

4.3 Equipment Noise Limitation

4.4 Ear Protection Zones

4.5 Hearing Protection Devices

4.6 Information, Instruction and Training

MONITORING NOISE RISK

5.1 Audit and Review

5.2 Audiometry

APPENDIX A - DEFINITIONS

APPENDIX B - NOISE ACTION LEVELS AND CONTROL MEASURES

APPENDIX C - NOISE ASSESSMENT FLOWCHART

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Title: Noise Risk Management

Doc No: UNIF-HSE-PRO-203-C1

Procedure

Rev No: C1

Page 3 of 13

Dated: October, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

Introduction

Document Purpose

This Safe System of Work provides the guidelines necessary for the safe management,

control and reduction of noise levels in the work place so that the risk of noise induced

hearing damage incurred by personnel is reduced to a level that is as low as

reasonably practicable.

Document Scope

The contents of this Safe System of Work apply to all BP owned and managed sites or

installations in Azerbaijan and Georgia and deals specifically with people at work and

noise induced risks to hearing.

Note: This document does not deal with nuisance or disturbance noise.

Associated Procedures

In Azerbaijan and Georgia, BP has adopted the United Kingdom Noise at Work

Regulations (SI 1989/1790), upon which these guidelines are based. These regulations

are more stringent than those normally required in Azerbaijan and Georgia but are

aligned with the rest of BP globally.

Roles and Responsibilities

Business Unit Leader

The Business Unit Leader is responsible for:

 ensuring that the Business Unit Operates in accordance with this

Safe System of Work

 appointing a competent person to the role of Hearing Conservation

Co-ordinator

 ensuring that provisions for noise management are in place with third parties.

 the maintenance of comprehensive, accurate and up-to-date noise

management records in accordance with this Safe System of Work

 ensuring that noise specification is included as part of any new project,

modification of existing plant or purchasing of new equipment

 target setting as part of a long-term noise reduction programme.

Site Manager / OIM

The Site Manager / OIM shall be responsible for:

 Ensuring that appropriate processes are in place on the site or installation to

assure compliance with relevant noise legislation and associated company

procedures

Note: The principal duty in this regard is to assess personal exposure to

noise and to take such actions as required where exposure to noise

is above the Action Levels defined in Paragraph 3.1 of this safe

System to Work

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Title: Noise Risk Management

Doc No: UNIF-HSE-PRO-203-C1

Procedure

Rev No: C1

Page 4 of 13

Dated: October, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

 Ensuring that where noise assessment has shown that it is necessary, steps

are taken to reduce exposure to noise as far is reasonably practicable by

means other than ear protection.

Area Authority

Area Authorities shall be responsible for:

 Ensuring that all personnel working under their control are made aware of any

noise risk associated with their activities or work place and of the necessary

precautions that should be taken

 Participation in noise assessments in their area of responsibility.

Hearing Conservation Co-ordinator

The Co-ordinator’s role is to make the necessary arrangements as outlined within this

Safe System of Work and ensure that these are fully implemented and where

necessary integrated into local safe systems of work.

The Hearing Conservation Co-ordinator, who will normally be the site Medical Officer,

should report to the Site Manager on all aspects of the local hearing conservation

programme including progress with noise assessments, noise control, general

compliance and matters for which management action may be required.

The Hearing Conservation Co-ordinator is the principal custodian for noise-related

records on site, and is also responsible for:

 Arranging for noise assessments to be carried out on site

 Ensuring a local action plan is in place following recommendations arising from

noise assessments

 Ensuring that a mechanism is in place for updating noise assessments

 Supporting the Engineering function in ensuring compliance with noise

specifications for all new and/or modifications to plant and equipment

 Advising management on progress of actions arising from noise assessments

and engineering appraisal

 Arranging for suitable local noise training/information

 Ensuring Ear Protection Zones are demarcated and that adequate supplies of

technically suitable hearing protection devices are available

 Ensuring that proper records are maintained and that they are accessible to all

who need to know

 Ensuring provisions are in place for programme review and audit.

Health Team Leader

The Health Team Leader is responsible for:

 Maintenance and periodic review of this procedure.

 Providing of technical support, guidance and advice as requested by BUs and

Resource Groups on all aspects of hearing conservation

 Provision of sound level surveys or noise dosimetry if it is required.

 Provision of audiometry services as part of an ongoing occupational health

programme.

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Title: Noise Risk Management

Doc No: UNIF-HSE-PRO-203-C1

Procedure

Rev No: C1

Page 5 of 13

Dated: October, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

Contractors

Contractors shall be responsible for:

 co-operating with BP in the preparation of a noise control study for any new

plant or modifications to an existing facility in line with BP noise specifications

 co-operating with BP to ensure that, in accordance with this procedure, suitable

noise control arrangements are in place, wherever necessary, prior to

commencing activities

 providing audiometry screening, where appropriate, for their own employees.

Equipment Suppliers and Vendors

Companies supplying equipment shall be responsible for:

 designing and constructing of machinery so that it meets appropriate legislative

requirements and BP noise specifications

 providing noise emission information associated with their supplied products.

Assessing Noise risk

Noise Criteria

At predefined noise levels known as action levels, specific measures must be taken to

control and/or reduce personnel exposure to noise (see Appendix B). The action levels

given below are related to 8-hour shift periods but equivalent values for 12-hour shifts

are shown in brackets. The peak action level is based on the highest pressure reached

by an instantaneous sound pressure level for any single event.

 First Action Level - a daily personal noise exposure of 85 dB(A) for 8 hrs (83

dB(A) 12 hrs)

 Second Action Level - a daily personal noise exposure or of 90 dB(A) for 8 hrs

(88 dB(A) 12 hrs)

 Peak Action Level - means a level of peak sound pressure of 200 pascals (140

dB re 20 uPa)

These levels can be calculated or measured directly using suitable instruments and

may be expressed as the daily total personal exposure to noise at work, taking into

account the average levels of noise in the working areas and the time spent in those

areas, but taking no account of any ear protectors worn.

Noise Assessment Requirements

Noise assessments:

 are required for all regular and foreseeable jobs within the Business Unit

 are used to identify job functions that are likely to exceed normally safe limits of

noise exposure as defined in Paragraph 3.1

 shall be carried out by a competent person.

This Safe System of Work outlines the two mechanisms, used in conjunction with the

Noise Exposure Management System, employed to ensure that these noise

assessment requirements are met. These mechanisms are:

 baseline surveys combined with time and motion analysis

 verification by sample dosimetry surveys.

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Title: Noise Risk Management

Doc No: UNIF-HSE-PRO-203-C1

Procedure

Rev No: C1

Page 6 of 13

Dated: October, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

Noise Exposure Management System

To collate the information required to determine baseline noise exposure levels or

dosage rates, information is gathered on:

 the occupancy times of various personnel groups in each site area

 the noise levels in each area.

A study is then undertaken using the spreadsheet in the Noise Exposure Management

System.

The Noise Exposure Management System consists of a number of linked

spreadsheets, which take noise data from a basic noise survey, and work pattern

information obtained from supervisors, to produce the noise dose levels for personnel.

In addition to providing noise exposure calculations Noise Exposure Management

System can also provide the following information:

 which job functions are most affected by noise

 where do they get their noise exposure from

 which are the most significant areas in terms of overall staff noise exposure

 how many people do these areas affect

 what is the effect of hearing protection

 what happens when noise levels or shift patterns are changed.

Once a baseline Noise Exposure Management System has been established, the

ownership and responsibility for its management shall lie with the Business Unit.

Noise assessments are repeated at two yearly intervals or whenever there is reason to

doubt their validity, e.g., changes in work patterns, introduction of new

machinery/processes, etc.

Note: The noise assessments shall be carried out by a competent person who is

capable of bringing together enough information about noise exposures to

enable decisions to be made to comply with the regulations and advising on

whether additional specialist support is required.

For BP operational sites in Azerbaijan and Georgia, the competent person will

be the Medic (visiting Doctor on pipeline sites). Additional information can be

obtained from the Occupational Health Team.

Noise Measurement

Site Noise Level Surveys

Site noise level surveys shall be carried out in all manned work areas that are normally

accessible. The measurements should be carried out by a competent and trained

person and involve the use of an integrating sound level meter capable of recording

overall dB(A) and where appropriate peak pressure and octave band noise levels.

Readings should be marked on site plot plans which can then be cross-referenced with

the Noise Exposure Management System spreadsheet.

Site noise level surveys should be carried out during routine plant operation with main

equipment items running at steady loads. Equipment operating and daily production

rates should be recorded. Where appropriate, noise measurement of portable or hand

held power tools should also be made.

Noise Exposure for Mobile Personnel

Where a person is highly mobile and daily personal exposure levels are difficult to

ascertain, noise dosimetry can be used as a means of fine-tuning of the Noise

Exposure Management System and providing verification of the predicted noise

exposures.

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Title: Noise Risk Management

Doc No: UNIF-HSE-PRO-203-C1

Procedure

Rev No: C1

Page 7 of 13

Dated: October, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

Noise Measuring Equipment

Sound level meters, dosimeters or calibrators should meet applicable European

standards. Dosimeters have no type number but should be certified as intrinsically safe.

All equipment shall be calibrated against a certified standard every two years (including

standard noise sources).

Controlling Noise Risk

Where employees are exposed to noise levels at or above the Second or Peak Action

Levels there is a specific requirement to reduce exposure, and the risks from that

exposure, to levels that are as low as reasonably practicable. In particular, this should

be achieved wherever possible, by means other than the provision of personal ear

protectors.

There are three principal areas where this could be achieved:

 noise reduction at source (4.1 Area Noise Levels)

 reduction of time spent in noisy areas (4.2 Personnel Work Patterns)

 purchasing policy, i.e. quieter equipment (4.3 Equipment Noise Limitation).

Area Noise Levels

Investigations Using the Noise Exposure Management System

The possibility to reduce area noise levels should be investigated using the Noise

Exposure Management System to:

 identify those areas making the greatest overall contribution to noise exposure

on the site

 estimate the reductions in exposure and risk that may result from any

suggested corrective actions.

The information and decisions resulting from such investigations should be

documented.

Note: For technical reviews of noise data, specialist assistance from a noise

consultant is likely to be required. The Occupational Health Department can

assist in sourcing external consultants for this purpose.

Methods for Limiting Area Noise Emissions

Methods of limiting noise generation include:

 design of workplaces for low noise emission

 substitution of quieter process or machine

 engineering control (damping, isolation, silencers, maintenance, etc)

 enclosure, screens, barriers and noise refuges.

Site Managers and OIMs should ensure that any measures or equipment introduced for

the purpose of reducing noise exposure are properly used and that their effectiveness

is subject to regular and routine maintenance.

Personnel Work Patterns

Modifying work practices can reduce noise exposure. Where there is flexibility in

planning work, there are a number of ways of achieving such reductions, including:

 use of worker rotation to limit total exposure over a shift

 exclusion of all non essential personnel

 switching off noise source when not in use

The controlled version of this document can be found at: http://baku.bpweb.bp.com/dep/hse/safe/

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PAPER COPIES ARE UNCONTROLLED. THIS COPY VALID ONLY AT THE TIME OF PRINTING

Title: Noise Risk Management

Doc No: UNIF-HSE-PRO-203-C1

Procedure

Rev No: C1

Page 8 of 13

Dated: October, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

 avoid using hearing protection areas as access routes.

Any proposed changes to work patterns can be modelled using the Noise Exposure

Management System to predict likely noise reduction on personal dose rates.

Equipment Noise Limitation

A principal and cost-effective long-term measure in reducing noise at work is a low

noise equipment purchasing policy. The introduction of quieter machinery to the

workplace can:

 reduce the risk of hearing damage

 assist in meeting legal duties to reduce workplace noise

 reduce the need for expensive retrofitting of additional noise control measures

 improve communications and create a better working environment

 reduce stress and improve morale

 reduce environmental or nuisance noise.

General Work Areas

The noise limit target for individual equipment items operating in general work areas is

83 dB(A) average sound pressure level at 1 metre. This target shall be attained by

using sound standards, procedures and management systems for the design,

procurement, construction and start-up of BP owned and managed facilities in

Azerbaijan and Georgia. This noise level coincides with the First Action Level for 12-

hour shifts, and is considered to be compatible with the elimination of hearing

protection devices.

Note: This noise limit is regarded as the maximum acceptable level and where

noise levels exceed this limit suppliers will be required to offer noise control treatment

and state the lowest noise levels achievable.

Relief Valves and Flare

Special limits shall be set for relief valves and vents which operate occasionally. Noise

from relief valves should never exceed the 140 dB Peak Action Level.

The flare should be sited such that the noise at positions normally accessible to

personnel, at the maximum emergency flow, should not exceed 115 dB(A).

Ear Protection Zones

Ear protectors shall be worn where personnel are exposed at the First Action Level or

83 dB(A).

All work areas, within which employee noise exposure may exceed the First Action or

Peak Action Levels, shall be designated EAR PROTECTION ZONES.

As far as reasonably practicable, ear protection zones will be marked with signs at all

entrances, and at appropriate places within the zones as necessary. All personnel

entering these zones shall wear ear defenders.

Where it is not reasonably practicable to mark ear protection zones then adequate

alternative arrangements should be made to ensure employees are aware that

protection should be worn. These arrangements include attaching warning signs to

tools and the provision of written instructions for particular tasks (Permit to Work).

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Title: Noise Risk Management

Doc No: UNIF-HSE-PRO-203-C1

Procedure

Rev No: C1

Page 9 of 13

Dated: October, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

Hearing Protection Devices

Note: The use of ear protection is a last resort to control noise exposure and should

only be considered where it is not reasonably practicable to control exposure

by other means.

Availability

On all sites and installations, personal ear protectors shall be made available to

employees where their noise exposure is liable to exceed the First Action Level or the

Peak Action Level. The ear protection provided shall comply with the requirements of

Safe System of Work UNIF-HSE-PRO-156 Personal Protective Equipment. in

particular, ear protectors must be capable of reducing noise levels to below the Second

Action Level and will be chosen on the basis of their acoustic performance and user

acceptability.

Manufacturer’s Information

Manufactures must provide information on the noise reduction which can be expected

from their ear protectors, this information along with details of the noise spectra from

noise measurements on site should be evaluated by a competent person to assure that

the correct level of attenuation is provided.

Occupational Health Department

The Occupational Health Department will also advise with regard to the suitability of

hearing protection used within BP in Azerbaijan and Georgia.

Information, Instruction and Training

Where employees are likely to be exposed to noise levels above those provided in

Paragraph 3.1 Noise Criteria in this Safe System of Work, shall be provided with

information, instruction and training on:

 risk of damage to hearing

 steps to minimise that risk

 how to obtain and use ear protectors

 how to report defects

 employees’ duties under the United Kingdom Noise at Work Regulations (SI

1989/1790) Regulations.

Local arrangements may include the use of leaflets, posters, video and computer

based training material.

Monitoring noise risk

Audit and Review

Noise assessment and noise management actions shall be documented and resultant

recommendations placed within a suitable action tracking system. Such noise

management records will require periodic review to track action items, including:

 new noise sources addressed

 noise assessments up-dated

 training schedules met

 noise exposure reduction measures actioned and verified.

Targets for continuous improvement shall be established and a process shall exist for

regular self-assessment.

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Title: Noise Risk Management

Doc No: UNIF-HSE-PRO-203-C1

Procedure

Rev No: C1

Page 10 of 13

Dated: October, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

Audiometry

Audiometry is a means of measuring and monitoring an employee’s hearing during

employment and also a means of measuring the effectiveness of hearing conservation,

and identifying areas where conservation may be deficient.

Audiometry is initially performed on all new starts whose duties take them offshore, or

require them to work in high noise areas. For new starts a second baseline audiogram

will be repeated within 6 months of starting. Thereafter BP policy is to retest at 2 yearly

intervals, unless as specified by the Company’s Medical Advisor.

All audiogram records are kept by BP Azerbaijan/Georgia Occupational Health

Department and/or Medical Service Providers (Azerbaijan AEA International SOS,

MediClub).

The controlled version of this document can be found at: http://baku.bpweb.bp.com/dep/hse/safe/

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Title: Noise Risk Management

Doc No: UNIF-HSE-PRO-203-C1

Procedure

Rev No: C1

Page 11 of 13

Dated: October, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

APPENDIX A - DEFINITIONS

dB(A):

Unit of sound level and noise exposure. A-weighting (A) of the

audible frequencies is designed to compensate for the sensitivity

of the ear. The ear is more sensitive to noise at frequencies in the

middle of the audible range than it is to either very high or low

frequencies.

Dosimetry:

Technique utilising the use of a personal noise instrument

(dosimeter) to continuously measure noise exposure during

normal daily work operation.

Lep,d

A measure of the average noise energy a person is exposed to

during a working day, this is directly related to the risk of hearing

damage.

NEMS:

Noise exposure management system developed by Acoustic

Technology Limited.

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Title: Noise Risk Management

Doc No: UNIF-HSE-PRO-203-C1

Procedure

Rev No: C1

Page 12 of 13

Dated: October, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

APPENDIX B - NOISE ACTION LEVELS AND CONTROL MEASURES

Action required where daily personal exposure to

<1^st

1^st

2^nd

noise (lep,d) is likely to be :

Action

level

EMPLOYER’S DUTIES

General Duty To Reduce Risk

Risk of hearing damage to be reduced to the lowest

level reasonably practicable (Reg. 6)

Assessment of Noise Exposure

Noise assessments to be made by a Competent

Person (Reg.4)

Record of assessments to be kept until a new one is

made (Reg.5)

Noise Reduction

Reduce exposure to noise as far as is reasonably

practicable by

means other than ear protectors. (Reg.7)

Provision of Information to Workers

Provide adequate information, instruction and training

about risks to hearing, what employers should do to

minimise risk, how they can obtain ear protectors if they

are exposed and their obligations under Reg. 11



Mark ear protection zones with notices, so far as

reasonably

practicable (Reg. 9)

Ear Protectors

Ensure so far as is practicable that protectors are :

 Provided for employees who ask for them (Reg.

8(1))



 provided to exposed (Reg.8(2))

 maintained & repaired (Reg. 10(1)(b))



(1)

 Used by exposed (Reg.10(1)(a))

Ensure so far as reasonably practicable that all who go

into marked

ear protection zone use ear protectors. (Reg.9(1)(b))

Maintenance and Use of Equipment

Ensure so far as is practicable that :

 all equipment provided under the Regs is used

(Reg.10(1)(a))

 ensure all equipment is maintained (Reg.10(1)(b)

EMPLOYEES DUTIES

Use of Equipment

So far as practicable :



 use ear protectors (Reg.10(2))

 use any other protective equipment (Reg.10(2))

 report any defects discovered to his/her employer

(Reg.10(2))

MACHINE MAKER’S AND SUPPLIERS DUTIES

Provision of Information

Provide information on the noise likely to be generated

(Reg.12)

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Title: Noise Risk Management

Doc No: UNIF-HSE-PRO-203-C1

Procedure

Rev No: C1

Page 13 of 13

Dated: October, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

Appendix C - Noise Assessment Flowchart

Is noise hazard likely?

(area/equip/task)

yes

Identify personnel with

exposure > 1^st Action

Level

1^st Action Level

Periodic

exceeded?

assessment

yes

Hearing

Conservation

Programme

Ear protection

available, information

and training

yes

2^nd Action Level

exceeded?

Is noise

Provide ear

control reasonably

protection

practicable?

yes

Noise control

Check working

instigated

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AZERBAIJAN BUSINESS UNIT

(AzBU)

Procedure for:

Radioactive Sources Management of Radioactive

Materials and Radiation Generators

Updated

0320.

Elman

and Issued

SSoW WG

G.Hunt

G.Campbell

1009.04

Shikhkerimov

Formatted

for use

Rev

Date

Reason for

Prepared by

Checked by

Approved by TA

Endorsed by

Formatted

Issue

Notes: C1: Renumbered and

Formatted

more clarity added.

HSE - SAFETY

Azerbaijan BU Document Reference

Formatted

Asset Code

Dept Code

Document Type Sequence No

Revision Code

Formatted

UNIF

HSE

PRO

205

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Title: RManagement of

Doc No: UNIF-HSE-PRO-205-C1

Formatted

Radioactive Materials and

Rev No: 01

Page 3 of 38

Radiation Generators adioactive

Sources Management Procedure

Dated: SeptemberOctober, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

1.1

Document Purpose

1.2

Document Scope

RESPONSIBILITIES

2.1

Site Manager/OIM

2.2

Radiation Protection Supervisor (RPS)

2.3

Radiation Protection Adviser (RPA)

CONDITIONS FOR WORK WITH IONISING RADIATION

3.1

Work with Ionising Radiation

3.2

General Conditions for Work with Ionising Radiation

3.3

Risk Assessment

106

3.4

Designated Areas

107

3.5

Controlled Areas

117

3.6

Supervised Areas

128

LOCAL RULES FOR WORK WITH IONISING RADIATION

1510

4.1

Storing Radioactive Sources

1510

4.2

Outside Contractors Using Sealed Sources

1510

4.3

Radiography

1611

4.4

Radioactive Sources Used in Well Logging Operations

1712

4.5

Use of Other Mobile Sources

1813

4.6

Use of Installed Sealed Radioactive Sources in Nucleonic Interface Gauges

1914

4.7

Contingency Plans for Incidents Involving Sealed Radioactive Sources .. 2015

4.8

Removal of Equipment Contaminated with Naturally Occurring Radioactive

Material

2116

4.9

Entry into Vessels Contaminated with Naturally Occurring Radioactive

Material

2217

4.10

Contingency Plans for Incidents Involving Naturally Occurring Radioactive

Material

2419

4.11

Transport of Radioactive Material

2519

MONITORING FOR RADIATION AND CONTAMINATION

2621

Appendix A

2722

Appendix B

3025

Appendix C

3428

Appendix D

3629

Appendix E

3730

Appendix F

3831

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Formatted

Radioactive Materials and

Rev No: 01

Page 4 of 38

Radiation Generators adioactive

Sources Management Procedure

Dated: SeptemberOctober, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

Formatted

INTRODUCTION

Formatted

1.1

Document Purpose

Formatted

1.2

Document Scope

Formatted

RESPONSIBILITIES

Formatted

2.1

Site Manager/OIM

Formatted

2.2

Radiation Protection Supervisor (RPS)

Formatted

2.3

Radiation Protection Adviser (RPA)

Formatted

CONDITIONS FOR WORK WITH IONISING RADIATION

Formatted

3.1

Work with Ionising Radiation

Formatted

3.2

General Conditions for Work with Ionising Radiation

Formatted

3.3

Risk Assessment

Formatted

3.4

Designated Areas

Formatted

3.5

Supervised Areas

Formatted

3.6

Controlled Areas

Formatted

3.7

Undesignated Areas

Formatted

LOCAL RULES FOR WORK WITH IONISING RADIATION

Formatted

4.1

Storing Radioactive Sources

Formatted

4.2

Outside Contractors Using Sealed Sources

Formatted

4.3

Radiography

Formatted

4.4

Radioactive Sources Used in Well Logging Operations

Formatted

4.5

Use of Other Mobile Sources

Formatted

4.6

Use of Installed Sealed Radioactive Sources in Nucleonic Interface Gauges

Formatted

4.7

Contingency Plans for Incidents Involving Sealed Radioactive Sources

Formatted

4.8

Removal of Equipment Contaminated with Naturally Occurring Radioactive

Material

Formatted

4.9

Entry into Vessels Contaminated with Naturally Occurring Radioactive

Material

Formatted

4.10

Contingency Plans for Incidents Involving Naturally Occurring Radioactive

Formatted

Material

Formatted

4.11

Transport of Radioactive Material

Formatted

MONITORING FOR RADIATION AND CONTAMINATION

Formatted

Appendix A

Formatted

Appendix B

Formatted

Appendix C

Formatted

Appendix D

Formatted

Appendix E

Formatted

Appendix F

Formatted

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Radioactive Materials and

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Radiation Generators adioactive

Sources Management Procedure

Dated: SeptemberOctober, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Document Purpose

Radiation Protection is based on three principles recommended by the International

Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and is described below.

Justification: Every practice resulting in exposure to Ionising Radiation shall be

justified by the advantages it produces.

Optimisation: All exposures shall be kept as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA),

economic and social factors being taken into consideration.

Dose Limits: The sum of all doses received shall not exceed certain limits.

This Safe System of Work employs these principles and, if correctly applied, will

ensure that all exposures to Ionising Radiation and therefore all associated risks are

kept as low as reasonably achievable.

1.2 Document Scope

This Safe System of Work applies to all work with ionising radiation carried out on BP

installations and sites in Azerbaijan and Georgia. Contractors working on BP owned

or operated sites/installations are also responsible for alignment with this SSOW.

Responsibilities are detailed with written instructions that will ensure radiation doses

are as low as reasonably practicable.

This SSOW contributes to compliance with the “HSE expectations” contained in

“getting HSE right”.

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Radiation Generators adioactive

Sources Management Procedure

Dated: SeptemberOctober, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

2 RESPONSIBILITIES

2.1 Site Manager/OIM

The manager of any BP Facility or Site either onshore or offshore has overall

responsibility for the implementation of this SSOW.

2.2 Radiation Protection Supervisor (RPS)

A Radiation Protection Supervisors

(RPS) shall be appointed where any work

involving ionising radiation is to be carried out. At BP operating sites the Safety

Advisors/Officers should be trained to RPS certification. They will exercise

supervision to the extent that any work with ionising radiation is carried out in

accordance with this SSOW. The RPS will review the local rules of any third party

that intends to work with radioactive substances or radiation generators.

To enable them to carry out this role, appointed persons should receive appropriate

training, including a written assessment, at an approved course prior to appointment.

They will also receive suitable refresher training at a period of not more than three

years.

The appointment describing areas of responsibility shall be in writing by the Site

Manager/OIM.

The RPS is responsible for:

 Ensuring all work involving ionising radiation is carried out in accordance with

this Safe System of Work

 Ensuring all hazards related to work with ionising radiation are identified and

suitable precautions are taken to minimize the risks associated with these

hazards

 Maintaining a full and up-to-date record of all radioactive sources that are

under his control and held on the site/installation.

The RPS will make use of the checklist contained in Appendix 3 when a contracting

company brings sources of ionising radiation to the site/installation or when specialist

companies arrive on the site/installation to carry out activities with naturally occurring

radioactive material.

Copies of letters of appointment for RPSs shall be retained at the facility.

2.3 Radiation Protection Adviser (RPA)

The RPA is responsible for providing advice on all aspects of work with ionising

radiation and for evaluating and approving the plans, organisation and arrangements

of specialist contractors. The RPA is also responsible for carrying out an annual

review of work with ionising radiation to ensure doses received by workers, visitors

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Radiation Generators adioactive

Sources Management Procedure

Dated: SeptemberOctober, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

and members of the public are as low as reasonably achievable. This review will

ensure the accounting system used to record the location and quantity of radioactive

material provides a true record.

The RPA is also responsible for carrying out an annual review of work with ionising

radiation to ensure doses received by workers, visitors and members of the public

are as low as reasonably achievable. This review will ensure the accounting system

used to record the location and quantity of radioactive material provides a true

record.

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Radiation Generators adioactive

Sources Management Procedure

Dated: SeptemberOctober, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

BP has appointed SYNETIX TRACERCO SERVICES as their Radiation Protection

Adviser.

They can be contacted at the following address:

PRIMARY CONTACT:

Graham Wales

Chattan Mews OfficesUnit 4

Suites 1&2

Chattan PlaceThe Technology Centre

Offshore Technology Park

Bridge of Don

Aberdeen AB2311 86GRD

United Kingdom

Tel: +44 (0) 1224 222132592527

Fax: +44 (0) 1224 827095212641

Mobile: +44 (0) 7764 836669

Home: +44(0) 1224 732908

E-mail: graham.wales@matthey.com

SECONDARY CONTACT:

Bill Good at the above address

John Lambley, Paul Warren and Andrew Smith

Tracerco

PO BOX 1

G Building

Billingham

Cleveland

United Kingdom

TS23 1LB

Tel: +44(0) 01642 522350 / 375500

Fax: +44(0) 01642 522991

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Radiation Generators adioactive

Sources Management Procedure

Dated: SeptemberOctober, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

3 CONDITIONS FOR WORK WITH IONISING RADIATION

3.1 Work with Ionising Radiation

The following work with ionising radiation may be carried out on BP

sites/installations:

 The use of installed nucleonic gauges

 Accumulation and disposal of naturally occurring radioactive material

 Work with equipment contaminated with naturally occurring radioactive

material

 Use of radiography sources

 Use of sealed and unsealed radioactive sources for process investigation and

measurement

 Use of well logging sources

 The use of casing depth markers

 Use and storage of instrument test sources

 Use and storage of smoke detectors incorporating radioactive sources.

3.2 General Conditions for Work with Ionising Radiation

Any use of sources of ionising radiation must be justified and measures must be

taken to ensure radiation doses are as low as reasonably practicable. In general this

can be achieved by following basic rules when working with sealed sources and

radiation generators:

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Sources Management Procedure

Dated: SeptemberOctober, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

Most importantly, radioactive sources must never be handled directly:

 Use appropriate shielding to reduce the intensity of the radiation.

 Maximize the distance between radiation sources and personnel.

 Minimize the time spent in the vicinity of radiation sources.

The risks associated with unsealed radioactive material can be minimized by:

 Keeping the material contained within vessels or pipe work

 Observing good standards of hygiene and housekeeping

 Carrying out operations in such a way that material does not become

airborne.

3.3 Risk Assessment

Supervisors will ensure that a suitable and sufficient written risk assessment is

carried out prior to any new applications involving the use of ionising radiation. Risk

Assessment is required in order to identify the measures to restrict the exposure of

employees, contractors or members of the public to ionising radiation. Generic Risk

Assessments for nucleonics and NORM have been provided by the RPA.

The RPS should be consulted if there is any doubt about the requirement for, or the

content of, a risk assessment.

Changes in work activities may result in the requirement for a review of the

assessment.

3.4 Designated Areas

To assist in managing the work with ionising radiation, the RPS will decide if the area

should be designated as a Supervised Area or Controlled Area. Dose criteria for

Designation of Areas are given in the following Tables 11 and 22 (reference to

National Radiological Protection Board’s

“Training in Radiological Protection”

Manual, hereafter called NRPB Tracerco Training manual fro Radiation Protection

section

3, Manual and

“Work with Ionising Radiation;

“Ionising Radiations

Regulations 1999” ACOP and Guidance):

Table 1 Dose Criteria for Designation of Areas

Annual Dose Criteria (greater than)

PART OF BODY

CONTROLLED AREAS

SUPERVISED AREAS

Whole body

6 mSv

1 mSv

Lens of eye

45 mSv

15 mSv

Skin and extremities

150 mSv

50 mSv

Table 2 Annual Dose Limits

CATEGORIES OF

PART OF BODY

DOSE LIMITS

PERSONNEL

Effective Dose

20 mSv (annual)

Employees* of 18 years of

Equivalent Dose - Lens of Eye

150 mSv (annual)

age or above

Equivalent Dose - Skin

500 mSv (annual)

Equivalent Dose - Extremities

500 mSv (annual)

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Sources Management Procedure

Dated: SeptemberOctober, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

Effective Dose

6 mSv (annual)

Trainees aged under 18

Equivalent Dose - Lens of Eye

50 mSv (annual)

years

Equivalent Dose - Skin

150 mSv (annual)

Equivalent Dose - Extremities

150 mSv (annual)

Women of reproductive

Without prejudice to Limits for

13 mSv in any

capacity

both Categories above,

consecutive period of 3

Equivalent Dose for the

months (for abdomen)

abdomen, averaged

Other Persons**

Effective Dose

1 mSv

Notes:

Employee* - is a competent person, certified and authorised to work with radioactive

sources.

Other Persons** - other than Employee or Trainee, including any person aged under

16 years.

3.5 Controlled Areas

Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

Sealed Sources

Formatted

An area will be designated as a controlled area when one or more of the following is

applicable

 i) A prior risk assessment indicates that the person is likely to exceed 3/10 of

Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

any dose limit (whole body 6 mSv/y: single organ 150 mSv/y)

 ii) The instantaneous radiation dose rate is greater than 7.5 Sv/h

Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

 iii) A control measure is put in place to ensure the dose to an individual does

Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

not exceed 1 mSv/y

Note1 If the dose rate is less than 7.5Sv/h the risk assessment will still need to

prove that

6 mS/y will not be exceeded otherwise a controlled area will be

designated.

Note 2 The closing of a shutter mechanism is seen as a control measure. Therefore

the first person into a vessel with nucleonics attached will do so under controlled area

conditions. He will carry out radiation dose rate measurements, proving the shutter is

closed and then de-designate the area. If NORM is present the area will remain a

controlled area.

Unsealed Material

Formatted

An area will be designated as a controlled area when one or more of the following is

applicable

 A prior risk assessment indicates that the person is likely to exceed 3/10 of

Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

any dose limit (whole body 6 mSv/y: single organ 150 mSv/y)

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Dated: SeptemberOctober, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

 A control measure is put in place to ensure the dose to an individual does not

Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

exceed 1 mSv/y.

Note1 Any vessel containing NORM will be designated a Controlled area due to the

potential activities and volumes of material.

Note2 Any major containment break will be done under controlled area conditions,

due to the potential activities and volumes of material

Note3 Small containment breaks may, following the risk assessment, be carried out

under Supervised area conditions

Note4 The wearing of respiratory protection could be seen as a control measure

unless the RPS is confident that the risk assessment shows the wearing of RPE is

not to reduce the possible dose below 1 mSv/y.

All Controlled areas must be barriered and a suitable number of notices placed at the

barrier displaying the Trefoil symbol, the legend “Radiation Controlled Area” the

nature of the radiation i.e. Gamma radiography and the hazard - External.

3.53.6 Supervised Areas

Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

Formatted

Sealed and Unsealed material

Formatted

A Supervised area will be designated, following a risk assessment,

 where any person is likely to exceed 1/10 of any dose limit. (Whole body 1

Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

mSv/y : single organ 50 mSv/y)

 where an area is required to be kept under supervision for purposes of

contamination or possible increased radiation dose rates.

Supervised areas do not require being barriered but must have a suitable

number of warning signs to delineate the area. The signs must display the

Trefoil symbol, the legend “Radiation Supervised Area” the nature of radiation

i.e. NORM and the hazard - Internal.

Note: There is no acceptable level of contamination. Any contamination must

be removed as soon as possible after it is detected.

An area in which employees or visitors can, due to any practice, be exposed to

ionising radiation will be classified as a Supervised Area. Members of the public will

generally be excluded from supervised areas and employees and visitors should only

enter supervised areas if necessary. According to NRPB Manual the Supervised

Area is one whether either:

Conditions need to be kept under review to determine whether it should be

Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

designated as a controlled area; or

The exposure of persons is likely to exceed the criteria in Tables 1 and 2.

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Radiation Generators adioactive

Sources Management Procedure

Dated: SeptemberOctober, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

A sign displaying the trefoil symbol and the legend “radiation supervised area” the

type of radiation i.e. gamma, beta, LSA / norm etc and the hazard i.e. internal or

external, will be located at suitable points to demarcate the supervised area.

The conditions inside supervised areas will be kept under review to ensure doses are

as low as reasonably achievable.

3.6Controlled Areas

Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

Any area in which any individual can, due to any practice, receive an annual radiation

dose greater than 6 millisieverts will be classified as a Controlled Area. Operationally,

an area in which the instantaneous dose rate exceeds 7.5 microsieverts per hour will

be classified as a controlled area. According to NRPB Manual the Controlled Area is

one where:

Persons are required to follow a specified system of work designed to restrict

Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

radiation exposures or reduce the risk of radiation accidents; or

The exposure of persons is likely to exceed the criteria in Tables 1 and 2.

For a person to enter a Controlled Area he must be either:

A classified employee

Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

An outside worker (i.e. a classified employee of another Company); or

A non-classified person who enters in accordance with suitable written

arrangements that ensure that:

oFor an employee, the dose received is less than that which require

Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

designation as a classified person; or

oFor other persons, the dose limits (i.e. those specified for “other persons” in

Table 2) are not exceeded.

Members of the public are not allowed to enter controlled areas.

The RPA can be consulted about the best methods of restricting access to controlled

areas. In all cases the boundary of the controlled area will be clearly marked and

suitable warning notices displaying the trefoil symbol and the legend

“radiation

controlled area” the nature of the radiation (gamma, beta, LSA / Norm etc) and the

nature of the hazard i.e. internal or external, will be located at suitable points around

the designated area.

The purpose of the written system of work for non-classified workers is to ensure the

radiation dose they receive in any calendar year does not exceed 6 millisieverts. An

example of a written system of work is shown in Appendix 2.

If the area has been designated due to the presence of contamination, then everyone

entering the area must wear appropriate protective clothing and facilities must be

available to allow people leaving the area to be monitored and washed and to

dispose of contaminated clothing.

The RPS will carry out regular inspections of designated areas to ensure the local

rules are being fully complied with.

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Radiation Generators adioactive

Sources Management Procedure

Dated: SeptemberOctober, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

3.7Undesignated Areas

Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

Circumstances may arise where external dose rates are greater than normal

background but less than 2.5 Sv/h. In these cases, the following conditions will

apply:

Personnel will not remain longer than necessary in these areas.

Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

Basic PPE, including gloves, will be worn if contamination is present.

Note: There is no acceptable level of contamination. Any contamination must

be removed as soon as possible after it is detected.

These conditions are summarized in the Diagram 1 below:

Diagram 1 Procedure for Designated, Supervised and Controlled Areas

Is Dose Rate greater

YES

Stop Work

than 30Sv/hour?

Contact HSE Dept.

Seek Advice from RPA

Measure Dose Rate and Surface Contamination Levels and Designate Area as

appropriate:

Less than 2.5Sv/hour

2.5-7.5Sv/hour and

>7.5Sv/hour

and free of

low volumes and

or high volumes or

contamination

activity of

contamination

UNDESIGNATED

SUPERVISED

CONTROLLED

AREA

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Sources Management Procedure

Dated: SeptemberOctober, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

4 LOCAL RULES FOR WORK WITH IONISING RADIATION

4.1 Storing Radioactive Sources

Storage When Not in Use

Formatted

When not in use, radioactive sources must be stored in an appropriate container

locked in a secure store. The following conditions apply to the storage of radioactive

sources:

 The store must be used exclusively for this purpose.

 The store should be in a low occupancy area away from accommodation and

not near explosives.

 The store must not restrict access to the emergency services.

 A sign marked with a trefoil and the word

“RADIOACTIVE” must be

prominently displayed at all access points.

 Regular surveys must be carried out to ensure the external radiation dose

rate is below 7.5 Sv/h.

 The RPS must maintain a full and up-to-date register for all sources held in

the store.

 All movements of sources must be logged in and out of the store by the RPS.

 All packages containing radioactive substances must be suitably labelled.

Source Security

Formatted

The keys for stores containing radioactive material will be kept under the control of

the RPS.

Source Accountancy

Formatted

The RPS will keep an up to date record of all radioactive sources on the installation.

The quantity and location of all radioactive sources will be recorded as follows:

INSTALLED SOURCES

Once per calendar month

(i.e. nucleonic gauges)

MOBILE SOURCES

Once per day

(e.g. radiography sources)

(Unless in storage when Once per week)

Contractors bringing radioactive material onto BP sites/installations will carry out

checks according to this frequency.

4.2 Outside Contractors Using Sealed Sources

Before contractors bring radioactive sources or radiation generators onto BP facilities

the following information must be exchanged:

 A detailed description of the work to be done

 An estimate of the total radiation dose likely to arise

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Sources Management Procedure

Dated: SeptemberOctober, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

 The arrangements that will be in place to restrict exposure

 The name of the contractor’s representative who will be responsible for the

work

 Arrangements in place for receipt, storage and transport of the radioactive

source

 Details of the contingency plan that will be invoked in the event of an incident.

Where considered appropriate, the RPS will liase with the RPA over any aspects of

the work to be done.

Details relating to the source(s) must be supplied to the Site Manager/OIM, RPS and

the sponsoring department representative, at least 24 hours before the despatch to

the installation.

These shall include:

 Isotope name

 Source strength at a particular date

 Source identification number

 Container number

 Transport index

 Transport category

 Name of Radiation Protection Supervisor

 Appropriate transport details, e.g. date, ETD, ETA including Contractors.

Sources must not be left on the site/installation premises unless prior agreement has

been reached with the Site Manager/OIM.

4.3 Radiography

The following instructions must be adhered to in conjunction with all previously

mentioned responsibilities and instructions:

 All work involving the use of a radioactive source or radiation generator shall

only be undertaken in accordance with detailed procedures agreed with the

installation RPS under the Permit to Work System.

 The contractor shall be responsible for preparing procedures, agreed with the

RPA, which shall include:

o Arrangements for excluding non-classified personnel from the work

site

o A detailed description of the work to be done

o A description of agreed pre-exposure and exposure warnings

o Detailed contingency plans for dealing with any emergency likely to

arise in the course of the work and actions to be taken in the event of

a site/installation alarm.

 Descriptions of individual operations must be specific to the work to be

undertaken.

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Title: RManagement of

Doc No: UNIF-HSE-PRO-205-C1

Formatted

Radioactive Materials and

Rev No: 01

Page 17 of 38

Radiation Generators adioactive

Sources Management Procedure

Dated: SeptemberOctober, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

 At least two contractor’s personnel will be present while radiography is

undertaken. Both will be classified workers and one will be the nominated

RPS.

 The contractor shall be responsible for supplying a minimum of two radiation

dose rate monitors and for checking that these monitors are functioning

correctly. A valid certificate of test must be available for each instrument.

 The contractor shall be responsible for ensuring that all equipment required in

the case of an emergency is available as agreed with the RPA. The

emergency equipment will include 2 bags of lead shot, remote handling tongs,

a hacksaw or wire cutters, barriers and warning lamps, an audible radiation

monitor, emergency pot and suitable hand tools.

 The contractor will be responsible for maintaining appropriate records and for

supplying copies of these to the installation RPS on request.

 Where appropriate, sealed radioactive sources shall have a current certificate

of test for leakage of radioactive material and sources should be re-tested

within 24 months of the date of the last test. This requirement does not apply

to sources that are replaced within 24 months period because of decay (e.g.

Iridium 192 sources with 74 day half life).

 These are three conditions upon which the Site Manager/OIM and RPS must

be informed immediately:

o A sealed source or container is damaged, lost or mislaid.

o The immediate container or the bonding of a sealed source is broken.

o The radiation level from the immediate container or the bonding of a

sealed source increases significantly above its previous level.

4.4

Radioactive Sources Used in Well Logging Operations

In addition to the instructions detailed above the following instructions must be

adhered to:

 All work involving the use of radioactive sources shall only be undertaken in

accordance with detailed procedures agreed with the RPS under the Permit

to Work System.

 The contractor shall be responsible for preparing procedures, agreed with the

RPA, which shall include:

o Arrangements for excluding non-classified personnel from the work

site

o A detailed description of the work to be done

o Detailed contingency plans for dealing with any emergency likely to

arise in the course of the work and actions to be taken in the event of

an installation alarm.

 The contractor’s local rules should specify any more stringent requirements

and identify specified controlled areas when logging tools are in use.

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Title: RManagement of

Doc No: UNIF-HSE-PRO-205-C1

Formatted

Radioactive Materials and

Rev No: 01

Page 18 of 38

Radiation Generators adioactive

Sources Management Procedure

Dated: SeptemberOctober, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

 If a neutron source or generator is being used, the contractor must make a

neutron detector available.

 Only the contractor’s RPS or other classified persons are allowed to transport

the source to the rig floor.

 The rig floor must be cleared of all non-essential personnel until the source

has been loaded into the tool by the contractor’s RPS.

 After the tool has been loaded personnel may re-enter the rig floor.

 When the log has been completed the rig floor must be cleared prior to the

tool being pulled clear of the riser and the source being unloaded.

 On completion of the operation, the source must be returned and logged back

into the radioactive source store.

4.5 Use of Other Mobile Sources

Specialist contractors may use mobile radioactive sources for purposes such as non-

invasive process investigations. The following conditions will apply to the use of

these sources:

 All work involving the use of a radioactive source shall only be undertaken in

accordance with detailed procedures agreed with the RPS under the Permit

to Work System.

 The contractor shall be responsible for preparing procedures, agreed with the

RPA, which shall include:

o Arrangements for excluding non-classified personnel from the

work site

o A detailed description of the work to be done

o Detailed contingency plans for dealing with any emergency likely to

arise in the course of the work and actions to be taken in the event of

an installation alarm.

 Descriptions of individual operations must be specific to the work to be

undertaken.

 The contractor shall be responsible for supplying appropriate radiation dose

rate monitors and for checking that these monitors are functioning correctly. A

valid certificate of test must be available for each instrument.

 The contractor shall be responsible for ensuring that all equipment required in

the case of an emergency is available as agreed with the RPA.

 The contractor will be responsible for maintaining appropriate records and for

supplying copies of these to the installation RPS on request.

 Where appropriate, sealed radioactive sources shall have a current certificate

of test for leakage of radioactive material and sources should be re-tested

within 24 months of the date of the last test. This requirement does not apply

to sources that are replaced within 24 months period because of decay (e.g.

Iridium 192 sources with 74 day half life).

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Title: RManagement of

Doc No: UNIF-HSE-PRO-205-C1

Formatted

Radioactive Materials and

Rev No: 01

Page 19 of 38

Radiation Generators adioactive

Sources Management Procedure

Dated: SeptemberOctober, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

 These are three conditions upon which the Facilities and RPS must be

informed immediately:

o A sealed source or container is damaged, lost or mislaid.

o The immediate container or the bonding of a sealed source is broken.

o The radiation level from the immediate container or the bonding of a

sealed source increases significantly above its previous level.

4.6 Use of Installed Sealed Radioactive Sources in Nucleonic Interface

Gauges

Radioactive sources may be installed at various locations for level and interface

detection and density measurement. These sources emit penetrating gamma rays

and are housed in lead containers. The gauges are designed, manufactured and

installed to standards that ensure any risks associated with their use are insignificant.

Specific safety information on each of the gauges is contained in the hand over

documentation supplied at the time of installation.

Accounting for Sealed Sources

Formatted

The installation RPS is responsible for maintaining an up to date record of all sealed

sources on the installation. This record must contain the following information:

 Name of isotope

 Serial number of each source (or other unique identification mark)

 Date of receipt

 Activity of source at date of receipt

 Current location of each source

 Date and manner of disposal (when appropriate).

Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

This record must be updated every time the source is moved to a new location or, for

installed sources once per calendar month and, for mobile sources once per day (if in

storage once per week will suffice).

Copies of these records must be maintained for two years, or longer if required by

the certificate of registration.

Leakage Tests

Formatted

Sealed sources must be tested for leakage at least once in every

24 months.

Normally this will be carried out by the RPA during the annual audit. Normally this will

be carried out by the RPA during the annual audit. The site/installation RPS must

retain copies of the test results for two years from the date of test.

Routine Checks

Formatted

Once each calendar month, the site/installation RPS will carry out basic checks to

ensure the continued radiological safety of the installed gauges. These checks will

include:

 Measure radiation dose rate and check it does not exceed 7.5 Sv/h at

accessible points.

 Check the source container is securely bolted to the mounting brackets.

 Ensure all warning notices are in place and are legible.

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Title: RManagement of

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Formatted

Radioactive Materials and

Rev No: 01

Page 20 of 38

Radiation Generators adioactive

Sources Management Procedure

Dated: SeptemberOctober, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

 Check the source is secured in the container with a padlock.

 Check that the state of the shutter mechanism is clear and that the shutter

has not been padlocked in the “OPEN” position.

General Precautions for Work in Vessels on Which Nucleonic Interface Gauges are

installed

Warning notices must be displayed on all man ways on vessels on which nucleonic

gauges are installed. Sources must be withdrawn and shutters locked in the “SHUT”

position before man ways are opened. The installation RPS will confirm this has been

done before anyone is permitted to enter the vessel.

Precautions for Vessels Incorporating Nucleonic Interface Gauges

Formatted

During normal operations, the source is retained in a dip pipe inside the vessel. The

fluids inside the vessel provide adequate shielding. If the liquid level inside the vessel

falls it is possible that radiation dose rates outside the vessel will increase. In this

event, the sources must be withdrawn into their shielded container and the shutter

must be locked in the “SHUT” position. The RPS will retain the key and will ensure

that the source is not exposed until the fluid level has increased to the normal level.

For operational reasons it may, exceptionally, be necessary to operate the gauge

with the source exposed above the liquid level. In these circumstances the RPS must

measure the radiation dose rate outside the vessel and designate the area as

appropriate. As a rule of thumb, if the source is to be exposed for more than one hour

the source will be retracted into the housing.

Source Removal

Formatted

Under no circumstances may a radioactive source be removed from its shielded

container. If it is necessary to remove the container from the vessel, either

temporarily or permanently, the RPS must ensure by measurement that the source is

shielded within the container and that the shutter mechanism is padlocked in the

“SHUT” position. The container may then be moved to an appropriate storage

location.

4.7 Contingency Plans for Incidents Involving Sealed Radioactive

Sources

The hazards associated with any job involving the use of sealed sources must be

assessed before the work begins and precautions implemented to minimise risks. In

the unlikely event of an incident, which could result in the conditions for a controlled

area applying or any person being overexposed to ionising radiation, the following

actions must be taken.

Loss of or Damage to Shielding

Formatted

The following actions must be taken in event of loss or damage to shielding:

 The person discovering the damage will evacuate the immediate area and

warn others to do the same.

 Contact the Site Manager/OIM, Control Room and the RPS.

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Title: RManagement of

Doc No: UNIF-HSE-PRO-205-C1

Formatted

Radioactive Materials and

Rev No: 01

Page 21 of 38

Radiation Generators adioactive

Sources Management Procedure

Dated: SeptemberOctober, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

 The RPS will attend the scene and ensure all personnel have withdrawn to a

safe area i.e. dose rate less than 7.5 Sv/h.

 Erect barriers to prevent access bearing in mind that access may need to be

restricted on the levels above and below the incident.

 Prepare a recovery plan with the aim of ensuring that no individual involved in

the recovery receives a radiation dose greater than 1 millisievert.

Advice can be obtained from the Radiation Protection Adviser on how radiation

doses can be restricted. In general:

 Keep as far from the unshielded source as possible.

 Make use of available shielding materials (lead sheet etc.).

 Limit the amount of time spent in the area.

 Never handle the unshielded source directly.

 In the case of fire, no attempt should be made to withdraw the sources into

their housings or to close shutters if this involves personnel entering

hazardous areas.

 In the event of a significant emergency that threatens the lives of personnel or

the continuing integrity of the installation, the potential presence of radioactive

sources should not be regarded as sufficient reason to prevent entry of any

incident team to the affected area.

 When the situation has been made safe the RPA will make assessments of

the radiation doses received by those involved in the incident and advise on

notifications to be made to regulatory authorities.

Loss of a Radioactive Source

Formatted

In the event that a sealed source is lost or otherwise unaccounted for the RPS shall

immediately notify the Site Manager/OIM and the RPA. The RPS shall initiate a

search of all likely areas using available dose rate meters. When the source is found

the RPS shall implement a retrieval plan incorporating information from the RPA on

dose limitation and, if necessary, temporary source storage.

All packages leaving the installation/site must be surveyed using a radiation dose

rate meter until the source is found.

If the source cannot be readily found, the RPS shall prepare a detailed report of the

incident and hand over responsibility for further action to the Site Manager/OIM. The

RPA will advise on statutory notifications that must be made to regulatory bodies.

Sources Owned and Used by Third Parties

Formatted

If the radioactive source belongs to a contracting company, the contractor’s RPS will

immediately implement the appropriate contingency plan. The RPS and other

personnel will provide any assistance necessary to make the situation safe.

4.8 Removal of Equipment Contaminated with Naturally Occurring

Radioactive Material

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Radioactive Materials and

Rev No: 01

Page 22 of 38

Radiation Generators adioactive

Sources Management Procedure

Dated: SeptemberOctober, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

The removal of equipment including pumps, meters, spool pieces etc. that are

suspected, either by measurement or location, of being contaminated must be done

as follows:

 Written authorisation must be obtained from the area authority before work

can proceed.

 Persons carrying out the work must use the recommended protective

equipment and a suitable floor covering must be used to limit the spread of

contamination.

 When containment has been breached, contamination measurements must

be made and the area will be designated as Controlled, Supervised or

released as free for normal work.

 Any contaminated item removed from the area must be securely capped at all

open ends using blank flanges, end caps or by wrapping with heavy-duty

polythene and the ends labelled with LSA / NORM tape..

 Equipment that requires maintenance in a workshop must be decontaminated

to background level if the work could result in radioactive material becoming

airborne.

 Prior to equipment being released from the installation for refurbishment,

disposal or movement it must be cleaned to background level or sent to an

authorised decontamination facility.

 Any tools or equipment used must be monitored for contamination at the end

of the operation. If contaminated they should be washed until background

levels are achieved.

 The work area should be kept as free from contamination as possible.

Measurements of contamination in the area should be made at regular

intervals. Following completion of the work the area should be monitored

using a contamination monitor and monitoring records should be kept.

4.9 Entry into Vessels Contaminated with Naturally Occurring

Radioactive Material

Specialist contractors who carry out this work shall be responsible for preparing

procedures, agreed with the RPA, which shall include:

o Arrangements for excluding non-classified personnel from controlled

areas

o A detailed description of the work to be done

o Detailed contingency plans for dealing with any emergency likely to

arise in the course of the work and actions to be taken in the event of

an installation alarm.

Clearance

Formatted

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Radioactive Materials and

Rev No: 01

Page 23 of 38

Radiation Generators adioactive

Sources Management Procedure

Dated: SeptemberOctober, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

Written permission (Permit To Work System) is required for opening up or for entry

into vessels, etc. The clearance must give consideration to the use of air tools that

will cause a volume of air to be discharged inside the vessel and hence affect

extraction flows.

Protective Equipment and General Safety

Formatted

All persons entering the vessel must wear suitable impervious overalls, boots and

gloves.

If any dust (or spray containing dust) is likely to arise from the cleaning operation,

breathing apparatus must be worn. Any inhalation of radioactive dust is to be

avoided.

Ideally, surfaces should be kept damp to prevent the production of dust and its

dispersal into the atmosphere. If the only practical last resort is sand-blasting,

burning, grinding or similar to complete a particular task the RPS should, in

consultation with the RPA, assess the best method for radiation protection on a case

by case basis.

Preparatory Work Prior to Vessel Entry

Formatted

Pre-Entry precautions include the following:

 A polythene or PVC tent should be erected where required around the vessel

entry point to create a decontamination area. The structure should be such

that any contamination, which is released during entry and cleaning

operations can be contained. The tent should be of sufficient size to allow

capping, cleaning or containment operations to be carried out on

contaminated items. Washing facilities in the form of a water supply,

detergent and scrubbing brush should be provided within the tented area, as

well as storage facilities for personal protective clothing and receptacles for

contaminated clothing.

 The tented area shall be designated as necessary. Only classified workers

and personnel working under the written system of work are allowed into a

Controlled Area. A control point must be set up at the entrance of any

controlled area.

 Prior to opening any vessel, rigorous attempts must be made to flush away or

remove as much debris, sludge and scale as possible by jet washing, water

washing or steam injections, etc.

 All monitoring for contamination should be carried out under the general

supervision of an RPS.

 Any tools or equipment used must be monitored for contamination at the end

of the operation. If contaminated, they should be washed until background

levels are achieved. If this is not possible, they should be sealed in strong

plastic bags marked “Radioactive” and retained for future similar use or sent

for decontamination in accordance with local regulations.

 The work area should be kept as free from contamination as possible.

Measurements of contamination in the area should be made at regular

intervals.

 Following completion of work the area should be monitored using a

contamination monitor. Records of monitoring must be kept.

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Radioactive Materials and

Rev No: 01

Page 24 of 38

Radiation Generators adioactive

Sources Management Procedure

Dated: SeptemberOctober, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

Disposal of Radioactive Material

Formatted

All loose material with an activity greater than background as measured with a

suitable contamination monitor must be disposed of as required by local regulations.

Records of the date of disposal of such waste including its weight and specific activity

should be retained by the RPS in a clear and legible form. Representative samples of

material disposed of must be sent for radiochemical analysis in order to assess the

total activity of the material.

Handling Contaminated Items

Formatted

Any item removed from the decontamination area must be securely capped at all

open ends using blank flanges, protective end caps, or by wrapping with heavy duty

polythene to prevent the spread of contamination during subsequent handling.

Similarly, drums of scale removed during the cleaning operation must be securely

fastened to prevent dispersal of radioactive materials. The outside surfaces of the

drums should be washed to reduce the contamination level on the surface as far as

possible.

Items of contaminated equipment if they should be returned to the vessel should be

capped or plastic wrapped to prevent the spread of contamination prior to their

refitting.

Access to Vessel After Decontamination

Formatted

Once decontaminated to background, radiological restrictions can be removed, good

hygiene practices should still be applied.

4.10

Contingency Plans for Incidents Involving Naturally Occurring

Radioactive Material

Ensuring the material is contained within vessels or pipe work can normally control

the hazards associated with radioactive material. When this is not possible operation,

which could lead to the material becoming airborne or released in an uncontrolled

manner should, as far as is practicable, be avoided.

In the unlikely event of an incident involving naturally occurring radioactive material,

the following actions must be taken.

Spill of Radioactive Material in an Uncontrolled Area

Formatted

In event of spill of radioactive material in an Uncontrolled Area the following actions

must be taken:

 The person who discovers the incident must evacuate the area and warn

others to do the same.

 Notify the Site Manager/OIM, Control Room and the RPS.

 The RPS will attend the scene and establish barriers around the incident.

Personnel who may have been contaminated as a result of the incident will be

monitored for contamination. Remove any contaminated clothing and seal it in

a plastic bag. Any contamination on the skin should be washed away taking

care to ensure material is not ingested.

The controlled version of this document can be found at: http://baku.bpweb.bp.com/dep/hse/safe/

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Formatted

Radioactive Materials and

Rev No: 01

Page 25 of 38

Radiation Generators adioactive

Sources Management Procedure

Dated: SeptemberOctober, 2004

Originating Dept: HSE

 The material shall then be collected and disposed of under the direction of the

RPS.

4.11 Transport of Radioactive Material

Radioactive material must be transported in appropriate containers packaged and

labelled in accordance with appropriate national and international legislation. The

following specific conditions apply to the transport of radioactive material to and from

the site/installation:

 The Site Manager/OIM must be notified at least

24 hours before a

radioactive source is transported to the site/installation.

 The supplier of the radioactive material must ensure he has an RPS on

the installation to receive the material. The supplier’s RPS shall liase with

the site/installation RPS regarding the storage arrangements for the

material.

 In exceptional circumstances it may not be possible for the supplier’s RPS

to be present on the installation/site when the material is received. The

Site Manager/OIM may allow the material to be received provided the

supplier has provided detailed written instructions regarding how the

material should be handled.

 The site/installation RPS will inspect packages or containers containing

radioactive material and ensure they are correctly labelled and provide

adequate shielding. If packages are incorrectly labelled or if dose rates

are greater than 7.5 Sv/h, they will be placed in a barriered area until

dealt with by the supplier.

 The owner of the radioactive material will be responsible for ensuring the

transport of radioactive material from the facility complies with all

legislative requirements. Radioactive material must be packed inside the

appropriate, labelled containers.

Transport of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material

Formatted

Samples of naturally occurring radioactive material or equipment contaminated with

naturally occurring radioactive material are transported as “Excepted Packages”. The

following conditions will apply:

 The material must be suitably contained so that it cannot escape from the

package during transport.

 The RPS must confirm that the dose rate at the surface of the package

does not exceed 5 Sv/h.

 The package must be free of surface contamination.

Note: loose scale other than samples must not be transported onshore.

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Military reference books and manuals (2009-2023, Volume 6) - page 11