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Military reference books and manuals (2009-2023, Volume 5) - page 28

 

 

CRS-44
Citation
Description
6 U.S.C. § 612(a)(4)(A)
Requires the Administrator of FEMA to ensure
that states and high-risk urban areas that
receive grants administered by DHS conduct or
participate in exercises under section 648(b) of
the Post-Katrina Act of 2006 [6 U.S.C. §
748(b)].
6 U.S.C. § 753(a)(1)(B)
Requires the President to ensure that each
federal agency with responsibilities under the
National Response Plan has organizational
structures that are assigned, trained, and
exercised for the missions of the agency.
6 U.S.C. § 753(a)(3)
Requires the President to ensure that each
federal agency with responsibilities under the
National Response Plan develops, trains, and
exercises rosters of response personnel to be
deployed when the agency is called upon to
support a federal response.
6 U.S.C. § 913
Directs the Secretary of the Department in
which the Coast Guard is operating to require
each high risk facility to conduct live or
full-scale exercises described in 33 C.F.R. §
105.220(c) not less frequently than once every
2 years.
6 U.S.C. § 1137(c)(7)
Requires the Secretary of DHS to develop and
issue regulations for a public transportation
security training program, that will include,
among other things, live situational training
exercises regarding various threat conditions,
including tunnel evacuation procedures.
6 U.S.C. § 1167(c)(8)
Requires the Secretary of DHS to develop and
issue regulations for a railroad security training
program, that will include, among other things,
live situational training exercises regarding
various threat conditions, including tunnel
evacuation procedures.
6 U.S.C. § 1184(c)(8)
Requires the Secretary of DHS to develop and
issue regulations for an over-the-road bus
security training program, that will include,
among other things, live situational training
exercises regarding various threat conditions,
including tunnel evacuation procedures.
CRS-45
Citation
Description
49 U.S.C. § 44918(a)(2)(G)
Requires each air carrier providing scheduled
passenger air transportation to carry out a
training program for flight and cabin crew
members to prepare the crew members for
potential threat conditions, including
situational training exercises regarding various
threat conditions.
50 U.S.C. § 2315(a)(2)
Requires the Secretary of Homeland Security
to develop and carry out a program for testing
and improving the responses of federal, state,
and local agencies to emergencies involving
nuclear, radiological, biological, and chemical
weapons and related materials. The program
shall include exercises to be carried out in
accordance with sections 102(c) and 430(c)(1)
of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 [6
U.S.C. §§ 112(c), 238(c)(1)].
CRS-46
Appendix B. Acronym Glossary
Acronym
Term
AAR
After Action Report
APHS/CT
Assistant to the President for Homeland Security and
Counterterrorism
APNSA
Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs
ATF
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
CAP
Corrective Action Plan
CBRNE
Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear
Explosives
CEP
Chairman (Of the Joint Chiefs of Staff) Exercise
Program
CFR
Code of Federal Regulations
CJCS
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
CJCSI
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Instruction
CJCSM
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Manual
COOP
Continuity of Operations
CPX
Command Post Exercise
CRAF
Civil Reserve Air Fleet
CRS
Congressional Research Service
DHS
Department of Homeland Security
DNI
Director of National Intelligence
DOD
Department of Defense
DOJ
Department of Justice
DRG E&E Sub-PCC
White House Domestic Response Group, Exercise and
Evaluation Policy Coordinating Subcommittee
DSCA
Defense Support to Civil Authorities
EEG
Exercise Evaluation Guides
EOC
Emergency Operations Center (used generically)
ESC
Executive Steering Committee
CRS-47
Acronym
Term
ESF
Emergency support Function
FE
Functional Exercise
FE
Functional Exercise
FEMA
Federal Emergency Management Agency
FMCSA
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration
FOUO
For Official Use Only
FR
Federal Register
FSE
Full Scale Exercise
HHS
Department of Health and Human Services
HSC
Homeland Security Council
HSEEP method
Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program.
Exercise design, development, conduct, evaluation, and
improvement planning methodology.
HSGAC
Senate Committee on Homeland Security and
Governmental Affairs
HSGP
Homeland Security Grant Program
HSPD
Homeland Security Presidential Directive
IED
Improvised Explosive Device
IND
Improvised Nuclear Device
IP
Improvement Plan
J7
Joint Chiefs of Staff Operational Plans and Joint Force
Development directorate
JCS
Joint Chiefs of Staff
JEP
Joint Exercise Program
JFO
Joint Field Office
JLLIS
Joint Lessons Learned Program, DOD
JWFC
Joint Warfighting Center
LLIS
Lessons Learned Information Sharing,
MOU
Memorandum of Understanding
CRS-48
Acronym
Term
NCC
National Coordinating Center for Telecommunications
NCP
National Continuity Programs
NCR
National Capital Region
NCS
National Communications System
NEP
National Exercise Program
NEXS
National Exercise Schedule
NGB
National Guard Bureau, DOD
NGO
Nongovernmental Organization
NGO
Nongovernmental Organization
NIC
National Integration Center, FEMA
NIMS
National Incident Management System
NLE
National Level Exercise
NOC
National Operations Center
NORAD
North American Aerospace Defense Command
NPG
National Preparedness Guidelines
NPS
National Planning Scenarios
NRF
National Response Framework
NRP
National Response Plan (superseded by NRF)
NSC
National Security Council
NSPD
National Security Presidential Directive
OEM
Office of Emergency Management (used generically)
OGR
House of Representatives Committee on Oversight and
Government Reform
OMB
Office of Management and Budget
OSD
Office of the Secretary of Defense
PI
Pandemic Influenza
PLE
Principal Level Exercise
POC
Point of Contact
CRS-49
Acronym
Term
RDD
Radiological Dispersal Device
RDD
Radiological Dispersal Device
REP
Radiological Emergency Preparedness Exercise
TCL
Target Capabilities List
TOPOFF
Top Officials Exercises
TTX
Table Top Exercise
UASI
Urban Area Security Initiative
USAF
United States Air Force
USG
U.S. Government
USNORTHCOM
U.S. Northern Command
USTRANSCOM
U.S. Transportation Command
UTL
Universal Task List
WJTSC
World Wide Joint Training and Scheduling Conference
WMD
Weapon of Mass Destruction
Safe System of Work for Management of Marine Assurance
Page 1 of 20
Safe System of Work for:
Management of Marine Assurance
AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00123-2
Authority:
AzSPU Safety &
Custodian:
<< SPU Operations MA >>
Compliance Manager
and SPU Marine Authority
Scope:
<< AzSPU >>
Document
Administrator:
<< HSE MS Document Coordinator >>
15
07 October 2009
Issuing Dept:
<< CHSSE >>
Revision Date:
-
Control Tier:
<< 2 >>
Next Review
15 October 2010
Date:
Control Tier:
<<2>>
Revision Date: <<07 October 2009>>
Document Number: << AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00123-2>>
Print Date: 2/6/2011
PAPER COPIES ARE UNCONTROLLED. THIS COPY VALID ONLY AT THE TIME OF PRINTING. THE CONTROLLED
VERSION OF THIS DOCUMENT CAN BE FOUND AT http://docs.bpweb.bp.com/dkazSPU/component/hssesms
Safe System of Work for Management of Marine Assurance
Page 2 of 20
Table of Contents
1
PURPOSE & SCOPE
4
1.1 Purpose
4
1.1.1
SAFETY GOALS
4
1.1.2
EXPECTATIONS
4
1.2 Scope
4
2
DEFINITIONS
6
3
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
6
3.1 Legislation & Standards
6
3.2 Company Requirements
6
3.3 Stopping Unsafe Work
6
3.4 Deviations
6
4
AZSPU ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
7
4.1 Single Point of Accountability Marine (SPA Marine)
7
4.2 AzSPU Marine Authority Organisation
7
4.3 SPU Marine Authority (MA)
7
4.4 Operations Marine Authority (SMA)
8
4.5 Terminal Operations Marine Authority - Supsa (TMA)
8
4.6 Project Marine Authority (PMA)
8
4.7 Rig Audit Team
9
4.8 Marine Authority (MA)
9
4.9 Marine Discipline Experts
9
4.10 Marine Practitioners
10
5
MANAGEMENT OF MARINE ASSURANCE
10
5.1 GMS Application
10
5.1.1
BP SHIPPING
10
5.1.2
E&P………………………………………………………………………………….10
5.1.3
AZSPU
10
5.2 AzSPU Marine Management System
11
5.2.1
AZSPU SSOW FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF MARINE ACTIVITIES
11
5.2.2
MARINE HANDBOOK
11
5.2.3
MARINE OPERATIONS MANUAL
11
5.2.4
SUPSA TERMINAL RULES AND REGULATIONS
11
5.2.5
AZSPU MARINE SHAREPOINT SITE
11
5.3 Marine Planning
11
5.3.1
GENERAL
11
5.3.2
PLANNING MARINE ACTIVITIES
11
5.3.3
MARINE OPERATIONS AND MARINE REPRESENTATIVE
12
Control Tier:
<<2>>
Revision Date: <<07 October 2009>>
Document Number: << AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00123-2>>
Print Date: 2/6/2011
PAPER COPIES ARE UNCONTROLLED. THIS COPY VALID ONLY AT THE TIME OF PRINTING. THE CONTROLLED
VERSION OF THIS DOCUMENT CAN BE FOUND AT http://docs.bpweb.bp.com/dkazSPU/component/hssesms
Safe System of Work for Management of Marine Assurance
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5.3.4
PERMIT TO WORK PROCESS
12
5.3.5
INCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND REPORTING
13
5.4 Procurement, chartering and clearance of marine service providers and
vessels
13
5.4.1
SCOPE
13
5.4.2
PROCUREMENT, LEASING OR BAREBOAT CHARTERS
13
5.4.3
MARINE MANAGEMENT CONTRACTS
13
5.4.4
TIME AND VOYAGE CHARTERING VESSELS
13
5.4.5
MARINE ASSURANCE CONTRACTS
14
5.4.6
MARINE / OFFSHORE CONTRACTORS
14
5.5 Vessel Assessment process (Excluding Tanker shipments from Supsa)
14
5.5.1
OBJECT
14
5.5.2
SCOPE
14
5.5.3
PROCESSES AND PROCEDURES
14
5.5.4
VETTING ASSESSMENT
18
5.5.5
VETTING INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
18
5.5.6
RESPONSIBILITIES
18
5.5.7
PROJECT VESSEL CLEARANCE (SHORT TERM USE)
18
6
KEY DOCUMENTS/TOOLS/REFERENCES
18
Control Tier:
<<2>>
Revision Date: <<07 October 2009>>
Document Number: << AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00123-2>>
Print Date: 2/6/2011
PAPER COPIES ARE UNCONTROLLED. THIS COPY VALID ONLY AT THE TIME OF PRINTING. THE CONTROLLED
VERSION OF THIS DOCUMENT CAN BE FOUND AT http://docs.bpweb.bp.com/dkazSPU/component/hssesms
Safe System of Work for Management of Marine Assurance
Page 4 of 20
1 Purpose & Scope
The purpose of this document is to define how AzSPU meets and implements the
requirements of the Group Marine Standard and its subordinate practices. It is applicable
across all AzSPU sites and delivery teams.
1.1 Purpose
1.1.1 Safety Goals
The goal of this SSoW is to achieve no accidents, no harm to people and no damage to the
environment. To achieve this goal the SSoW complies with the following:
 BP Group Marine Standard and its subordinate practices
 Azerbaijan Strategic Performance Unit Safe Systems of Work
 BP HSE management system - getting HSE right
 Compliance with applicable industry standards and practices
 Compliance with applicable international and national marine legislation
1.1.2 Expectations
The expectations of the SSoW are to:
ƒ Comply fully with all applicable legal requirements.
ƒ Provide a secure and safe working environment.
ƒ Ensure that all employees, contractors and others are well informed, well trained,
engaged in and committed to the HSE improvement process.
ƒ Provide assurance that the safety processes in place are working effectively.
ƒ Maintain confidence in the integrity of BP operations.
ƒ Confirm that the management systems of contractors fully support BP‟s commitment
to HSE performance.
1.2 Scope
This SSoW applies to the Marine Assurance of all marine activities conducted by or behalf of
the AzSPU. It does not apply to non marine mission works and systems e.g. drilling
operations, diving operations, Project installation works, but it does apply to marine elements
of the works e.g. DP Ops, Anchor handling and hull integrity.
Marine Activity is defined as:-
 Procurement, Chartering or Contracting
 Selection, Inspection, Approval
 Operation
 Design, Construction, Commissioning, and Disposal
A. Of the following Marine Vessels/Units:-
1. Vessels involved in the carriage or towage of any cargo, hydrocarbon, non-
hydrocarbon, packaged, containerised, heavy lift or project whether between ports,
within ports on inland waterways or from ports to offshore locations.
Control Tier:
<<2>>
Revision Date: <<07 October 2009>>
Document Number: << AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00123-2>>
Print Date: 2/6/2011
PAPER COPIES ARE UNCONTROLLED. THIS COPY VALID ONLY AT THE TIME OF PRINTING. THE CONTROLLED
VERSION OF THIS DOCUMENT CAN BE FOUND AT http://docs.bpweb.bp.com/dkazSPU/component/hssesms
Safe System of Work for Management of Marine Assurance
Page 5 of 20
2. Vessels involved in the carriage, accommodation and transfer of personnel
3. Vessels used in the provision of construction, exploration and development services
but excluding the specific Mission Systems. (E.g., diving systems on diving vessels
would be excluded.)
B. And of the Marine Structure and Systems of a Floating Production System to
include:-
1. That structure involved in the maintenance of watertight integrity of the unit and
systems for the removal of water from compartments in a routine or emergency mode
2. That structure involved in the maintenance of the integrity of hydrocarbon storage
and those systems involved with the safe transfer of hydrocarbons within the unit and
to any off take vessel
3. Stability of the unit including those systems designed to manage stability in a routine
or emergency mode
4. Propulsion and dynamic position keeping systems
5. Associated systems or equipment contained within the hull of the unit or directly
attached to it from the point of view of their impact on items 1-4 (above), in the event
of a failure or fault condition in the systems or equipment
6. The integrated nature of Floating Production Systems makes the exact demarcation
of Marine Activity complex. Where a lack of clarity exists, it is the responsibility of the
Marine Authority (referred to herein as the “MA”) and the Engineering Authority of the
BP Operation involved to agree on design and assurance of items that interface or
interact between non-marine plant and Marine Systems.
C. Operation and equipment of the ship shore interface of marine terminals including
SBMs
The decision as to whether the Group Marine Standard applies to a BP Operation rests
solely with BP Shipping and not with the BP Operation. Where there is any doubt regarding
the applicability then a judgement should be called for from the GVP & CEO Shipping and
Aviation
Joint Ventures and Contractors
In the case of Joint Ventures (JV‟s) and contractors, the following shall apply:
1. Where BP is to acquire operational control of a new JV, the adoption of the Group
Marine Standard shall be mandatory and shall be reflected in the relevant
agreements
2. Where BP has operational control of an existing JV, BP shall adopt the Group Marine
Standard for that JV. Where BP does not have operational control of a JV, BP shall,
after an appropriate Risk Assessment, endeavour to ensure the operator adopts the
appropriate elements of the Group Marine Standard and shall seek to amend
relevant agreements immediately or upon renewal to reflect the Group Marine
Standard
3. Where BP relies on a contractor to perform work that would be subject to the Group
Marine Standard, if performed by BP employees, BP shall, after an appropriate Risk
Assessment, endeavour to ensure that the contractor adopts the Group Marine
Standard and shall seek to amend relevant contracts immediately or upon renewal to
reflect the Group Marine Standard
4. Where it is not possible or feasible to require a JV or contractor to adopt the Group
Marine Standard, or where a JV or contractor has agreed to adopt the Group Marine
Standard, in the period before any standard is adopted, BP shall seek to influence or
Control Tier:
<<2>>
Revision Date: <<07 October 2009>>
Document Number: << AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00123-2>>
Print Date: 2/6/2011
PAPER COPIES ARE UNCONTROLLED. THIS COPY VALID ONLY AT THE TIME OF PRINTING. THE CONTROLLED
VERSION OF THIS DOCUMENT CAN BE FOUND AT http://docs.bpweb.bp.com/dkazSPU/component/hssesms
Safe System of Work for Management of Marine Assurance
Page 6 of 20
persuade the JV or contractor to adopt a set of principles based on the Group Marine
Standard
5. Where cargo is co-freighted with another party, the majority of the cargo is owned by
that other party, and the other party is the contracting party, a risk assessment shall
be carried out to ensure that other party‟s standards are such that the risk to the BP
Group is small
2 Definitions
Refer to document AzSPU-HSSE-DOC-00021-2 HSE Definitions for definitions common to
this Procedure.
3 General Requirements
3.1 Legislation & Standards
This procedure complies with applicable national law. Applicable national law is national law
as amended by project specific agreements, e.g. the ACG Production Sharing Agreement
(PSA), and relevant International Conventions, if any, in force in Azerbaijan or Georgia, as
applicable.
In the absence of national legislation, or where national legislation is inconsistent with the
requirements of project specific agreements, BP Group Standards or applicable
requirements from UK or US legislation will be complied with.
Where requirements conflict, legal advice has been obtained and a defendable compliance
position adopted.
The standards and practices contained in this procedure are consistent with those
internationally recognized within the petroleum industry.
3.2 Company Requirements
It is a company requirement that all tasks are subjected to an assessment of risk to
demonstrate that risks have been reduced to as low a level as reasonably practicable
(ALARP). This can be achieved by complying with the Company‟s existing standards. Where
compliance with Company standards cannot reasonably be achieved, a formal level 2 Risk
Assessment will be undertaken to identify any additional controls and demonstrate that risks
remain as low as reasonably practicable. Whether by compliance with Company Standards
or through level 2 Risk Assessment, the Company‟s Golden Rules of Safety must be
complied with. Golden Rules are non-negotiable.
3.3 Stopping Unsafe Work
To stop the continuation of potentially unsafe work at the earliest possible stage, the Control
of Work (CoW) Policy and this procedure make it very clear that all personnel are obliged
and have the authority to “STOP” the work that they consider to be unsafe.
3.4 Deviations
This procedure is written in sufficient detail that it should be able to be applied consistently at
all sites / installations. There may still be the requirement for some local rules covering site /
Control Tier:
<<2>>
Revision Date: <<07 October 2009>>
Document Number: << AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00123-2>>
Print Date: 2/6/2011
PAPER COPIES ARE UNCONTROLLED. THIS COPY VALID ONLY AT THE TIME OF PRINTING. THE CONTROLLED
VERSION OF THIS DOCUMENT CAN BE FOUND AT http://docs.bpweb.bp.com/dkazSPU/component/hssesms
Safe System of Work for Management of Marine Assurance
Page 7 of 20
installation specific logistical/administrative arrangements and local variations in
responsibilities to reflect differences in organisational arrangements. These local rules
should not deviate from the core processes within this document. Any form of deviation from
this procedure, including but not limited to local rules, shall be requested and authorised in
accordance with SSOW, Procedure for Deviations (Doc. No: AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00011-2).
4 AzSPU Roles and Responsibilities
4.1 Single Point of Accountability Marine (SPA Marine)
The SPA Marine is a leadership team position with line accountability for the implementation
of GMS and through application of GMS, ensuring conformance with the Standard as well as
compliance with industry and local marine related regulations. This position is currently held
by VP HSSE and Technical.
4.2 AzSPU Marine Authority Organisation
Az Spu Marine Authority Organisation
AzSpu Marine Authority
Baku
Operations Marine Authority
Terminal Operations Marine Authority
Projects Marine Authority
Baku
Supsa
London
4.3
SPU Marine Authority (MA)
The SPU Marine Authority is accountable for ensuring processes and systems are in place
within the operating business for the identification and management of marine risk and are
the absolute authority in marine matters within the SPU. The SPU MA has delivery marine
authorities who administer delivery divisions on his behalf. In addition to the delivery marine
authorities there is an interface document with Specialist Technical Support - Rig Audit
Team to provide for the marine assurance of MODUs contracted to the SPU.
The SPU Marine Authority will lead all marine practitioners, whether employed directly by BP
or contracted to BP, that are engaged in marine activities in support of the SPU. They will
ensure that processes and systems exist for identifying and managing marine risk, manage
the controlled application of the Group Marine Standard and its subordinate practices (as
applicable). AzSPU Marine Authority will ensure that competent marine discipline experts
are available to address all risks associated with the marine activities of the SPU‟s offshore
production assets and that each marine practitioner has, and understands, the limits of their
accountabilities through the provision of competency profiles and delegated job descriptions.
Responsibilities extend to ensuring that the marine activities of the SPU comply with
industry, international and local regulation and legislation. They will liaise closely with a wide
range of internal and external stakeholders concerning vessel/unit suitability, movements
and operational requirements providing marine expertise and being the focal point for all
shipping operations including reviewing performance and improving operational procedures.
Control Tier:
<<2>>
Revision Date: <<07 October 2009>>
Document Number: << AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00123-2>>
Print Date: 2/6/2011
PAPER COPIES ARE UNCONTROLLED. THIS COPY VALID ONLY AT THE TIME OF PRINTING. THE CONTROLLED
VERSION OF THIS DOCUMENT CAN BE FOUND AT http://docs.bpweb.bp.com/dkazSPU/component/hssesms
Safe System of Work for Management of Marine Assurance
Page 8 of 20
4.4
Operations Marine Authority (SMA)
The Operations Marine Authority (Ops MA) is accountable to the SPU MA for leading all
marine practitioners that are engaged in marine activities in support of AzSPU offshore
operations. They will ensure that processes and systems exist for identifying and managing
marine risk. Manage the controlled application of the Group Marine Standard and
subordinate Practices (as applicable). As Operations Marine Authority they will ensure that
competent marine discipline experts are available to address all risks associated with the
marine activities of the SPU‟s offshore production assets and that each marine practitioner
has, and understands, the limits of their accountabilities through the provision of competency
profiles and delegated job descriptions. Responsibilities extend to ensuring that the offshore
operation activities of the SPU comply with industry, international and local regulation and
legislation. They will liaise closely with a wide range of internal and external stakeholders
concerning vessel/unit suitability, movements and operational requirements providing marine
expertise and being the focal point for all marine activities operations including reviewing
performance and improving operational procedures.
The Operations MA is responsible to the SPU Marine Authority and will liaise closely with the
SPU MA to ensure GMS integrity is maintained.
4.5
Terminal Operations Marine Authority - Supsa (TMA)
The Terminal Operations Marine Authority (Supsa) is accountable to the AzSPU MA for
leading all marine practioners that are engaged in marine activities in support of Supsa
Terminal Marine Operations. They will ensure that processes and systems exist for
identifying and managing marine risk. Manage the controlled application of the Group Marine
Standard and its subordinate marine practices (as applicable). As Terminal Operations
Marine Authority they will ensure that competent marine discipline experts are available to
address all risks associated with the marine activities of terminal operations and that each
marine practioner whether employed directly by BP or contracted to BP, that are engaged in
marine activities in support of Supsa Terminal Operations has, and understands, the limits of
their accountabilities through the provision of competency profiles and delegated job
descriptions. Responsibilities extend to ensuring that the terminal marine activities comply
with industry, international and local regulation and legislation. They will liaise closely with a
wide range of internal and external stakeholders concerning vessel/unit suitability,
movements and operational requirements providing marine expertise and being the focal
point for all marine activities including reviewing performance and improving operational
procedures.
The Terminal Operations MA is functionally responsible to the SPU Marine Authority and will
liaise closely with the SPU MA to ensure GMS integrity is maintained.
4.6
Project Marine Authority (PMA)
The Project Marine Authority is accountable to the AzSPU MA for leading all marine
practioners that are engaged in marine activities in support of Supsa Terminal Marine
Control Tier:
<<2>>
Revision Date: <<07 October 2009>>
Document Number: << AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00123-2>>
Print Date: 2/6/2011
PAPER COPIES ARE UNCONTROLLED. THIS COPY VALID ONLY AT THE TIME OF PRINTING. THE CONTROLLED
VERSION OF THIS DOCUMENT CAN BE FOUND AT http://docs.bpweb.bp.com/dkazSPU/component/hssesms
Safe System of Work for Management of Marine Assurance
Page 9 of 20
Operations. They will ensure that processes and systems exist for identifying and managing
marine risk. Manage the controlled application of the Group Marine Standard and its
subordinate marine practices (as applicable).The Project Marine Authority will lead all marine
practitioners, whether employed directly by BP or contracted to BP, that are engaged in
marine activities in support of the project. During the design and construction phases the
role will emphasize engineering and construction/commissioning aspects. During the
transition to the Installation stage, the primary focus will move toward operations. .
The Project Marine Authority will ensure that competent marine discipline experts are
available to address all risks associated with marine activities consistent with the stage of
project development and that each marine practitioner has, and understands, the limits of
their accountabilities through the provision of competency profiles and delegated job
descriptions. Responsibilities extend to ensuring that the marine activities of the project
comply with industry, international and local regulation and legislation. The Project Marine
Authority will liaise closely with a wide range of internal and external stakeholders
concerning the key marine project elements and provide marine knowledge and expertise to
the other stakeholders within the project. During the transition to Installation, the Project MA
will be expected to review performance and drive improvements in the procedures governing
the marine elements of the project.
The Project MA is functionally responsible to the SPU Marine Authority and will liaise closely
with the SPU MA to ensure GMS integrity is maintained. In particular, the SPU MA should
determine, in agreement with the Project Marine Authority, when, during the life of the
project, to introduce operational marine practitioners and when the Project Marine Authority‟s
roles and accountabilities should transition to Installation and subsequently terminate.
4.7 Rig Audit Team
The Rig Audit Team have been delegated the task of undertaking required GMS assurance
audits and inspections of SPU contracted MODU‟s by the SPU MA. Additionally the rig audit
team provides MODU mission expertise to the SPU MA and relevant delivery MA‟s. The
SPU MA remains accountable for review, appraisal and acceptance of the marine aspects of
MODU„s within the SPU and as such is the sole approving and accepting authority for these
aspects.
4.8 Marine Authority (MA)
Marine Authority is the term used throughout this document to identify the accountable
marine management person. It should be taken to mean the delivery section MA unless a
specific MA is stated. In general the SPU MA has delegated authorities to delivery section
MA‟s and they will be first point of contact for delivery issues however the SPU MA shall in
all cases be the over riding authority. Each delivery MA shall keep the SPU MA updated on
marine matters and issues for his delivery area and shall defer to the SPU MA where doubt,
concern, lack of clarity or disputes exists. Each MA is bound by the authorities set within
GMS and any further constraints imposed by the SPU MA. Each MA shall appoint a deputy
for periods of absence.
4.9 Marine Discipline Experts
Marine Discipline Experts provide expertise for / in support of the SPU at the request of the
SPU MA. They will ensure that processes and systems are followed for identifying and
managing marine risk in their area of expertise. They will ensure that all risks in their area of
Control Tier:
<<2>>
Revision Date: <<07 October 2009>>
Document Number: << AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00123-2>>
Print Date: 2/6/2011
PAPER COPIES ARE UNCONTROLLED. THIS COPY VALID ONLY AT THE TIME OF PRINTING. THE CONTROLLED
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expertise associated with the marine activities of the SPU‟s offshore production assets are
addressed and that individuals understand the limits of their accountabilities through
discussions with the SPU MA. Their responsibilities extend to ensuring that the marine
activities of the discipline comply with industry, international and local regulation and
legislation. They will liaise closely with a wide range of internal and external stakeholders
concerning vessel/unit suitability, movements and operational requirements providing marine
expertise and being the focal point for the discipline expertise.
4.10 Marine Practitioners
Marine Practitioners will ensure that processes and systems in conformance with the Group
Marine Standard are followed, this includes managing marine risks. Responsibilities extend
to ensuring that the marine activities of the Operation comply with industry, international and
local regulation and legislation. They will oversee vessel/unit suitability, movements and
operational activities by providing marine expertise and being the focal point for the marine
operations including reviewing performance and improving operational procedures.
5 Management of Marine Assurance
5.1 GMS Application
5.1.1 BP Shipping
BP Shipping is owner of the Group Marine Standard and is accountable for implementation
across the BP Group.
BP Shipping assures elements of the standard that have been delegated to Segments to
execute.
5.1.2 E&P
E&P are accountable for executing elements of the standard that have been delegated to the
segment by BP Shipping.
The Segment Marine Authorities are the link between the segment and BP Shipping.
The Segment Marine Authorities (SMA) appoints SPU / BU / Operations Marine Authorities
and is accountable for establishing GMS compliant systems within the segment businesses.
The E&P SMA may additionally define standards in excess of those mandated by the Group
Marine Standard.
5.1.3 AzSPU
AzSPU as part of E&P execute locally elements of GMS that have been delegated to the
segment. AzSpu has developed a local marine operating system that implements GMS
throughout the AzSpu
GMS applies at all AzSpu sites. Note: Ceyhan Terminal is not covered by GMS as this is
BOTAS operated facility.
Control Tier:
<<2>>
Revision Date: <<07 October 2009>>
Document Number: << AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00123-2>>
Print Date: 2/6/2011
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5.2 AzSPU Marine Management System
5.2.1 AzSPU SSoW for the Management of Marine Activities
Details how AzSPU manages marine activities in accordance with OMS requirements that
reflect Group Marine Standard
5.2.2 Marine Handbook
Details how the AzSPU marine organisation manages GMS works.
5.2.3 Marine Operations Manual
Details marine operational standards, processes and practices for ALL AzSPU marine
operations. It contains details of Azerbaijan offshore field installations.
5.2.4 Supsa Terminal Rules and Regulations
Details marine operational standards and practices specific to Supsa Marine Terminal
operations.
5.2.5 AzSPU Marine SharePoint Site
Provides electronic access to marine information, data and resources to customers and
stakeholders.
5.3 Marine Planning
5.3.1 General
All planning for marine operations or projects shall consider the involvement the SPU MA
throughout all stages of the planning process (Appraise, Select, Define & Execute). The SPU
MA is the head of Marine expertise within the SPU and as such is the overriding authority
within the SPU on marine matters.
Where required by element‟s 6 & 8, or 12 of the Group Marine Standard a Marine Assurance
Plan will be developed with stakeholders. The plan will detail the interfaces with BP
Shipping, other parties and the assurance processes.
Where interfaces with BP shipping are required these shall be managed through the Marine
Authority. The Marine authority will manage the interface with BP Shipping through the
Segment Marine Authority.
5.3.2 Planning Marine Activities
Work scopes and procedures must be clearly defined and reviewed by the delivery team and
MA before work can commence. They shall be written with due regard to BP expectations,
policies and practices.
The roles and responsibilities of all organizations and key personnel involved in the
emergency response, management and control of marine operation or marine project must
be clearly defined.
All activities including work scopes, generic and specific procedures must be subject to a
formal risk assessment process during the planning phase. The SPU MA is accountable for
Control Tier:
<<2>>
Revision Date: <<07 October 2009>>
Document Number: << AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00123-2>>
Print Date: 2/6/2011
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assigning personnel with relevant marine experience to provide marine input in to risk
assessment and for signing off marine risk. The process will identify any requirement to
change the work scope and procedures and/or any mitigating measures to be applied.
Where the operation is inside a BP ROW (Right of Way) or involves work within 500 m of a
BP asset the MA shall ensure the procedures are reviewed and approved by a competent
delegated marine authority or practitioner.
The process should involve all contractors with active involvement from all parties whose
acts or omissions could adversely affect the health and safety of persons engaged in the
project or could affect plant, equipment or the environment.
Any vessel proposed for use in the operation shall be approved and agreed by the AzSPU
MA prior to acceptance or commitment.
Marine related MOC (Management of Change - AzSPU-GEN-PRC-001-C7) shall require
approval from the AzSPU MA or his delegate.
Deviations from GMS requirements will normally require the raising of an exception or
variation request by the AzSPUL as per SSOW Deviations (AzSPU HSSE DOC 00011-2). In
matters related to vessel clearance and acceptance the MA has, within defined boundaries
set by BPS and Segment, deviation approval authority.
No marine operation can commence until authorised HSE and Emergency Response
bridging documents have been approved and issued. The HSE bridging document is the
interface between BP and other parties SMS‟s. It provides scope overview, operational detail
and outlines how the HSE requirements have been met. The Emergency response bridging
document defines accountabilities between parties and details emergency coordination
details and processes between the parties. The AzBU Crisis Management Department and
Incident Management Team must receive controlled copies of emergency response bridging
documents.
5.3.3 Marine Operations and Marine representative
The SPU Marine Operations Manual defines minimum marine standards that apply to marine
operations conducted by or on behalf of the SPU. The AzSpu may appoint a Marine
Representative to operations. The representative will be issued with ToR by the MA and will
verify compliance with agreed procedures and AzSpu Marine operations Manual
requirements. The Marine representative has the right of veto over the commencement or
continuation of marine operations that he considers are in breach of agreed standards or
procedures.
5.3.4 Permit to Work Process
In addition to the marine contractor or vessel permit to work system, when working inside
AzSPU controlled areas, the BP Permit to Work (PTW) (AzSPU HSSE DOC 00060-2)
system is to be employed where required by the AzSpu SSOW. Where the PTW is for
marine operations the Marine Representative will normally act as performing authority. The
Marine Representative will not act performing authority for non marine related mission
permits.
Control Tier:
<<2>>
Revision Date: <<07 October 2009>>
Document Number: << AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00123-2>>
Print Date: 2/6/2011
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5.3.5 Incident Investigation and Reporting
All marine accidents and incidents shall be reported to the MA as per AzSpu Incident
Investigation and Reporting procedure.
5.4 Procurement, chartering and clearance of marine service providers and vessels
5.4.1 Scope
This section applies to;
 All vessels used by or on behalf of the SPU. It covers all vessels including rigs,
pleasure craft, barges or other craft used or capable of being used as a marine
platform or means of transportation on or in water by or on behalf of the SPU. It does
not however normally apply to common carriers where the SPU is one of many
public customers for the service. (A common carrier is a business that transports
people, goods, or services and offers its services to the general public under license
or authority provided by a regulatory body. A common carrier holds itself out to
provide service to the general public without discrimination for the "public
convenience and necessity”. Common carriers typically transport persons or goods
according to defined and published routes, time schedules and rate tables).
 Marine service providers, including marine contractors, that provide marine
management, consultancy and or assurance services for or on behalf of the SPU
 Marine contractors and operators who operate or charter vessels for use by or on
behalf of the SPU
 Marine contractors who manage or operate AzSPU marine facilities.
This section does not apply to Bulk Hydrocarbon Shipping which is to be managed by BP
Shipping directly.
5.4.2 Procurement, leasing or Bareboat charters
No vessel can be procured, leased or bareboat chartered by the AzSpu without involving
BP Shipping in the process. (See 6.4 for Voyage and time charter vessels)
BP Shipping shall be involved in the all aspects of acquiring a vessel from appraise through
to execute. A marine assurance plan will be required for the process. The AzSPU MA shall
be involved at all stages and is the link between the AzSPU and BP Shipping.
5.4.3 Marine Management Contracts
No contract or commitment for the provision of marine management services may be
entered into unless the company nominated for the contract has been cleared and approved
by the AzSpu MA. Management contractors will as a minimum be required to have been
assessed by BP shipping and be registered on the offshore assurance database as
approved for the type of work being proposed.
5.4.4 Time and voyage chartering vessels
Time and voyage charters will normally be managed by the AzSPU without involving BP
Shipping. No contract or commitment to voyage or time charter a vessel on behalf of the
SPU may be entered into unless the vessel nominated for the contract has been cleared and
Control Tier:
<<2>>
Revision Date: <<07 October 2009>>
Document Number: << AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00123-2>>
Print Date: 2/6/2011
PAPER COPIES ARE UNCONTROLLED. THIS COPY VALID ONLY AT THE TIME OF PRINTING. THE CONTROLLED
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Safe System of Work for Management of Marine Assurance
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approved by the AzSpu MA. Details of vessel assessment and acceptance process are
detailed in section 7.
5.4.5 Marine Assurance Contracts
No contract or commitment for the provision of marine assurance services may be entered
into unless the company nominated for the contract has been cleared and approved by the
AzSpu MA. Management contractors will as a minimum be required to have been assessed
by BP shipping and be registered on the offshore assurance database as approved for the
type of assurance work being proposed.
5.4.6 Marine / Offshore Contractors
No contract or commitment with marine / offshore contractors may be entered into unless the
company nominated for the contract has been cleared and approved by the AzSpu MA.
Contractors will as a minimum be required to have been assessed by BP shipping and be
registered on the offshore assurance database as approved for the type of work being
proposed.
The contract shall require that any vessels used in the contract are cleared and approved by
the AzSPU MA. The contractor shall assume any risk should they engage a vessel prior to
obtaining AzSpu MA approval. The contractor / proposed contractors shall provide the MA
with sufficient notice to allow the MA to arrange an appropriate inspection if required. Details
of vessel assessment and acceptance process are detailed in section 7.
5.5
Vessel Assessment process (Excluding Tanker shipments from Supsa)
5.5.1 Object
The purpose of the Vessel Assessment Process is to detail the process and criteria used by
the Marine Authority (MA) to assess a vessel in determining suitability for use on SPU
business. The BP Group is committed to ensuring that all marine operations in which the BP
Group has an interest are carried out safely, with the minimum risk to people, the
environment and the BP Group.
5.5.2 Scope
This process shall be used to provide assurance in support of the SPU Projects and
Operations involved with exploration, development and production activities in the SPU. It
does not cover hydrocarbon shipping from Supsa Terminal which is covered by BP Shipping
Tanker Vetting System.
This process applies to AzSPU owned and chartered vessels, contractor supplied vessels
and vessels contracted through a third party that are used by or on behalf of SPU works.
5.5.3 Processes and Procedures
5.5.3.1 General
Vessel approval will be based on satisfactory vessel inspection reports and reviews by the
SPU Marine Authority (SPU MA) or designee, taking into consideration the following:
ƒ Owner and or operating (technical and safety) managers of the vessel
ƒ Standard and competency of the manning on board.
ƒ Safety management
ƒ Operations and integrity management
Control Tier:
<<2>>
Revision Date: <<07 October 2009>>
Document Number: << AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00123-2>>
Print Date: 2/6/2011
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ƒ Operational requirements
ƒ Standard and certification of hull, marine systems and equipment
The assessment will include, but will not be limited to, the age of the vessel, the owners or
managers, the classification society, the flag state authority, any special features of the
vessel and any industry based historical information such as, vessel inspection reports,
feedback reports, casualty data, repair history and owner assessments, as well as
assurance of compliance with all applicable local, national and international regulations,
industry guidelines and recognized standards.
All information resources must be carefully reviewed to ensure there are no issues or
behaviours that could impact the suitability of the vessel for BP Group business. Adverse
conditions should be followed up with the vessel‟s managers and cross-referenced to any
available Owner Assessment Reports.
Any outstanding issues should be highlighted to the Marine Authority (MA) or designee, and
relevant details recorded.
5.5.3.2 Frequency of Assessment
In the absence of any adverse conditions regarding the vessel, the frequency that vessels
are inspected and assessed will depend on the type of vessel, and will follow the validity
periods advised below. The Marine Authority (MA) or designee will apply the validity periods
in a practical manner, considering the Fleet Review Process.
ƒ Vessels: maximum 12 months validity.
On exception, a longer period may be deemed appropriate by the Marine Authority (MA).
Assessments may be based on either BP or International Marine Contractors Association
(IMCA) Common Marine Inspection Document (CMID) inspection reports.
5.5.3.3 Scope of Assessment
The scope of the Assessment will be determined by type and duration of charter. All
Dynamic Position (DP) vessels shall also have a DP Failure Mode Effects Analysis (FMEA).
In addition, DP Trials are required on an annual basis (within the previous 12 months).
5.5.3.3.1 Voyage Charter
Where a vessel is contracted for a single or multiple voyage(s), the approval process will
consist of the following:
1) A physical inspection (within the previous 12 months) of the vessel by a competent vessel
inspector to a recognized inspection protocol and any additional requirements to assure:
 Fitness for intended purpose
 Physical condition of the vessel and its equipment
 Compliance with international and national legislation
 Competence and safety awareness of crew
 Presence of a safety management system
2) Review of the inspection, previous experience of the manager and vessel by a competent
person e.g. Marine Authority (MA) or designee.
Control Tier:
<<2>>
Revision Date: <<07 October 2009>>
Document Number: << AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00123-2>>
Print Date: 2/6/2011
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5.5.3.3.2 Short Term Time Charter
Where a vessel is contracted for a short term time charter (up to six months), the approval
process will consist of the following:
1) A physical inspection of the vessel (within the previous 12 months) by a competent vessel
inspector to a recognized inspection protocol and any additional requirements to assure:
 Fitness for intended purpose
 Physical condition of the vessel and its equipment
 Compliance with international and national legislation
 Competence and safety awareness of crew
 Presence of a safety management system
2) Review of the inspection report, previous experience of the vessel manager and vessel by
a competent person e.g. Marine Authority (MA) or designee.
3) Review of the vessel‟s last dry dock or major repair records to ensure there are no
outstanding structural issues by a competent person e.g. Marine Authority (MA) or designee.
5.5.3.3.3 Time Charter
Where a vessel is contracted on a time charter time charter longer than six months, the
approval process will consist of the following:
1) A physical inspection of the vessel (within the previous 12 months) by a competent vessel
inspector to a recognized inspection protocol and any additional requirements to assure:
ƒ Fitness for intended purpose
ƒ Physical condition of the vessel and its equipment
ƒ Compliance with international and national legislation
ƒ Competence and safety awareness of crew
ƒ Presence of a safety management system
2) Review of the inspection report, previous experience of the vessel manager and vessel by
a competent person e.g. Marine Authority (MA) or designee.
3) Review of the vessel‟s last dry dock or major repair records to ensure there are no
outstanding structural issues by a competent person e.g. Marine Authority (MA) or designee.
4) A structural inspection and review of the vessel‟s structural records by a competent
structural engineer.
5) A formal audit of the vessel manager by a competent person to assess:
ƒ Management, superintendence and safety systems
ƒ Maintenance systems and practice
ƒ Emergency response capability
5.5.3.4 Owner or Operating (Technical and Safety) Managers
In compliance with the appropriate type of charter, the Owner or Operating Managers can be
assessed using either or both of the following:
Control Tier:
<<2>>
Revision Date: <<07 October 2009>>
Document Number: << AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00123-2>>
Print Date: 2/6/2011
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ƒ Fleet Review Process, which will give an overview assessment of the management
of the vessel and the effectiveness of the vessel owner or operating manager.
ƒ Owner Assessment Process that entails a visit to the offices of the Owner or
Operating Manager. The Owner Assessment will be based on a pre-set
questionnaire that allows a detailed review of the management policies and
procedures.
The Fleet Review and Owner Assessment Processes are described in more detail below.
These may be supplemented by owner or operating managers visiting BP premises to
provide information on their company activity.
5.5.3.5 Standard and Competency of the Manning on Board
The competence of vessel crews, particularly senior marine and engineering officers, can
have a significant impact on the safe operation of vessels, and poorly qualified and under-
trained staff can contribute substantially to marine incidents.
BP will only employ vessels where the certification and training of the vessel staff conform to
the International Convention on Standards of Training and Certification of Watch Keeping for
Seafarers (STCW ‟95) or comparable local regulations, or a published equivalent for the
vessel on which they are sailing.
Information regarding the standard and competency of the vessel staff can be obtained from
the following sources:
 CMID vessel inspection reports
 Owner assessment reports
5.5.3.6 Safety Management
All vessels being used by the SPU to which this Policy applies are required to comply with,
and be operated in accordance with, all applicable international and national safety
legislation, approved industry guidelines and any additional requirements set by the SPU MA
Information regarding the level of compliance towards safety standards on board the vessel
can be obtained from the following sources:
 CMID vessel inspection reports
 Owner Assessment reports
 Compliance with International Safety Management Code (ISM) - where applicable
 Incident Reports
 Industry Intelligence
5.5.3.7 Operations and Integrity Management
All vessels being used by AzSPU must be assessed to ensure they are being managed,
operated and maintained to acceptable standards, and that there are suitable management
systems in place to ensure safe, secure, healthy and environmentally sound performance.
Information regarding the operations and integrity management can be obtained from the
following sources:
 CMID vessel inspection reports
 Owner assessment reports
 Ratings review
 Casualty data
Control Tier:
<<2>>
Revision Date: <<07 October 2009>>
Document Number: << AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00123-2>>
Print Date: 2/6/2011
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 Feedback from prior operations
5.5.3.8 Operational Limitations (Operating Subjects)
The Marine Authority (MA) may require that specific limitations (called „Operating Subjects‟)
be applied to vessels depending on the operating location, hull design, special features or on
the operability of specific pieces of equipment that the vessel may have on board.
The Marine Authority (MA) may issue conditional “subjects” including but not limited to the
following special features:
 Dynamic Positioning (DP)
 Vessel type
 Legislation
5.5.3.9 Standard and Certification of Hull, Marine Systems and Equipment
All vessels being used by the AzSPU are required to comply with all applicable international
and national legislation and be registered with a recognized Flag Administration Authority
and Classification Society.
The Marine Authority (MA) may require specific additional assurances on the vessel‟s
structure depending on the age of the vessel. Vessels over 25 years of age shall complete
the following:
 Hull structural assessment
 Condition Assessment Program (CAP) - where applicable
5.5.4 Vetting Assessment
All relevant information available should be assessed so that a complete picture of the
vessel, its operating standards and the quality of its management systems can be analysed
and any risks to the BP Group identified prior to vessel use.
5.5.5 Vetting Information Management
The SPU has established a vessel database on the Marine Assurance Team website where
data containing a vessels vetting status can be obtained. Additionally vetting reports will
down loaded to the central offshore assurance database. The central offshore database is
by registered access only.
5.5.6 Responsibilities
The SPU Marine Authority (SPU MA) has been delegated the authority to implement the
Vetting Process and associated policies and procedures within the SPU by BP Shipping
Offshore Assurance Team.
5.5.7 Project vessel clearance (short term use)
See flow chart on next page.
6 Key Documents/Tools/References
This procedure shall, where appropriate, be used in conjunction with this suite of AzSPU
Procedures referenced below.
Control Tier:
<<2>>
Revision Date: <<07 October 2009>>
Document Number: << AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00123-2>>
Print Date: 2/6/2011
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Document Number
Title of Procedure
AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00011-2
Procedure for Deviations
AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00060-2
Procedure for Permit To Work
AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00063-2
Procedure for Task Risk Assessment
AzSPU-GEN-PRC-001-C7
AzSPU Management of Change Procedure
AzSPU-HSSE-DOC-00021-2
HSE Definitions
GRP-STD_04
Group Marine Standard
GRP STD 02
Group Standard for Control of Work
Revision/Review Log
Revision Date
Authority
Custodian
Revision Details
15 October 09
AzSPU Safety &
SPU Operations
Initial Issue
Compliance
MA - John
Manager - Y.
Mitchell
Zaytsev
and SPU Marine
Authority - Bill
Van Dipten
Control Tier:
<<2>>
Revision Date: <<07 October 2009>>
Document Number: << AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00123-2>>
Print Date: 2/6/2011
PAPER COPIES ARE UNCONTROLLED. THIS COPY VALID ONLY AT THE TIME OF PRINTING. THE CONTROLLED
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Safe System of Work for Management of Marine Assurance
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Vessel Requirement for Project
related works
NO
CMID (IMCA M149)
Is a positive CMID
carried out by BP
(IMCA M149) report
Contractor proposes vessel
approved inspection
for the specific
to Project for approval
companies on the
vessel done within
proposed vessel
the year available?
YES
Project submits CMID report to MA to
check historical backg1round of vessel
Project submits completed
CMID (IMCA M149) to MA
NO
Full Closure of
MA
observations
Project submits request to
Dispens
from completed
MA to issue dispensation
ation
CMID (IMCA
for open observation/s with
required
M149)?
suitable justification/s.
YES
YES
Accepted
by MA?
NO
Vessel accepted for use
Vessel NOT accepted for
use
Control Tier:
<<2>>
Revision Date: <<07 October 2009>>
Document Number: << AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00123-2>>
Print Date: 2/6/2011
PAPER COPIES ARE UNCONTROLLED. THIS COPY VALID ONLY AT THE TIME OF PRINTING. THE CONTROLLED
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Title: Fitness for Task and Health Surveillance
Doc No: AZSPU-HSSE-REC-00719-2
Management Programme - Scope and Frequency of
Page 1 of 25
Fitness for Task and Health Surveillance Assessments.
Dated: September, 2010
Originating Dept: HSE & Engineering
Scope and Frequency of Fitness for Task and Health Surveillance
Assessments.
1.
Fitness for task assessments
A.
Office-based Staff
Office - based employees (e.g. new administrative staff) need only be reviewed for
chronic health problems liable to be a cause of poor attendance. Normally, such
assessments do not require a rigorous examination.
Periodic health assessments for these staff are not required, unless recommended
otherwise following the initial assessment.
DSE users are entitled for a Middle Distance vision test once in two years. It could be
performed upon employee‟s request (through AzSPU Health Team) or if indicated.
N
Type of Examination
Pre-employment
1.
Fitness for Task Health Questionnaire (parts
1,2,3,4,7,8) filled in / reviewed / signed
2.
Task check list filled in / reviewed / signed
3.
Clinical Examination (+Mental state
examination)
4.
Urine test
5.
Vision Check
6.
Middle Distance Vision Test (DSE Users)
7.
Chest X-ray
8.
Drug test - 5 panel drug THC, COC, OPI,
AMP, PCP urine testing (Buprenorphine for
Georgia based staff)
Important Note: If office-based employees are expected to perform all or part of their
duties at sites, are involved in travel or may be exposed to other
occupational hazards that are not normally associated with routine
office work, their screening scope needs to reflect these additional
requirements (see Section 1.P and Section 1.D).
Title: Fitness for Task and Health Surveillance
Doc No: AZSPU-HSSE-REC-00719-2
Management Programme - Scope and Frequency of
Page 2 of 25
Fitness for Task and Health Surveillance Assessments.
Dated: September, 2010
Originating Dept: HSE & Engineering
B.
Security Guards
Pre-
Periodic
N
Type of Examination
employment
(2 yearly)
1.
Fitness for Task Health Questionnaire
(parts 1,2,3,4,7,8) filled in / reviewed /
signed
2.
Task check list filled in / reviewed / signed
3.
Clinical Examination (+Mental state
examination)
4.
Urine test
5.
Vision Check *
6.
Middle Distance Vision Test (for DSE
As required*
As required*
users)
7.
Audiometry
If indicated*
8.
Spirometry **
9.
ECG (if indicated, if a smoker or if over 40
years old)
10.
Chest X-ray
If clinically
indicated
11.
Full Blood Count and ESR
12.
Glucose
13.
Physical Fitness Test
14.
Drug test - 5 panel drug THC, COC, OPI,
AMP, PCP urine testing (Buprenorphine
for Georgia based staff)
15
Diphtheria / Tetanus
Risk based*
As needed*
16.
Rabies
Risk based*
As needed*
* Refer to the filled Task check list
** ERS 1993 Prediction values .Ref. Standardised Lung Function Testing. Report working
party “Standardization of Lung Function Tests”, Official Statement of the European
Respiratory Society & European Community for Coal and Steel (ECCS), Luxembourg.
European Respiratory Journal, Volume 6, Supplement 16, 1993 (1-100). ISBN 87-16-
15024-4
Title: Fitness for Task and Health Surveillance
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Fitness for Task and Health Surveillance Assessments.
Dated: September, 2010
Originating Dept: HSE & Engineering
C.
Drivers
The objective is to ensure that drivers are fit to undertake the duties required of them and
do not present a risk to themselves, their passengers, other road users or pedestrians.
National employees are the subject to comply with local statuary fitness for task
requirements.
Drivers are subject to more rigorous examination.
N
Type of Examination
Pre-
Periodic
employment
(2 yearly)
1.
Fitness for Task Health Questionnaire
(parts 1,2,3,4,7,8) filled in / reviewed
/ signed
2.
Task check list filled in / reviewed /
signed
3.
Clinical Examination (+Mental state
examination)
4.
Urine test
5.
Vision Check *
8.
Audiometry
If indicated*
9
Chest X-ray
If indicated
10.
ECG (if over 40 y.o, if a smoker or if
indicated)
11.
Full Blood Count and ESR
If indicated
12
Glucose
13.
Drug test - 5 panel drug THC, COC,
OPI, AMP, PCP urine testing
(Buprenorphine for Georgia based
staff)
14.
Rabies
Risk based*
*
Refer to the filled Task check list
Title: Fitness for Task and Health Surveillance
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Originating Dept: HSE & Engineering
D.
Offshore Workers, Pipeline and Terminal Operators, Other Operations and
Construction Employees
Health assessment of offshore workers and visitors, pipeline, terminal and marine base
operators, other operations and construction staff will be performed as per the OGUK
Medical Aspects of Fitness for Offshore Work: Guidance for Examining Physicians - Issue 6
National employees are the subject to comply with local statuary fitness for task
requirements.
Under a revised agreement between the UK, Norway and the Netherlands, a Certificate of
Fitness granted in any of theses countries should be equally acceptable in the others.
Typically, the examinations will include:
N
Type of Examination
Pre-employment
Periodic
(2 yearly)
1.
Fitness for Task Health
Questionnaire (parts 1,2,3,4,7,8)
filled in / reviewed / signed
2.
Task check list filled in / reviewed /
signed
3.
Clinical Examination (+Mental
state examination)
4.
Urine test
5
Vision Check*
8.
Spirometry***
9.
Audiometry
10.
Chest X-ray
If indicated
11
ECG (if over 40 y.o., if a smoker or
if indicated)
12.
Full Blood Count and ESR
13.
Glucose
14.
Drug test - 5 panel drug THC,
COC, OPI, AMP, PCP urine testing
(Buprenorphine for Georgia based
staff)
15.
Dental Assessment**
16.
Diphtheria / Tetanus
As needed
17.
Rabies
Risk based
18
Chester Step test
According to task
Title: Fitness for Task and Health Surveillance
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Originating Dept: HSE & Engineering
Refer to filled Task check list
**
Dental Assessment process is divided into 2 categories:
General Dental Assessment
Dental Clearance Certification
New hires will go via General Dental Assessment process and if significant
problem identified the time restricted fitness certificate will be issuing to give a
candidate time to manage dental health problems.
Pipeline and Terminal Operators, Other Operations and Construction Employees
will go via General Dental Assessment; no formal Dental Clearance Certification is
required. The Dental Assessment Form to be used.
Mandatory Dental Clearance Certification will be applying for all periodic fitness
assessment of those who are required to work offshore or travel offshore frequently
as per task check list. The certification to be provided by dentist.
*** ERS 1993 Prediction values .Ref. Standardized Lung Function Testing. Report
working party “Standardization of Lung Function Tests”, Official Statement of the
European Respiratory Society & European Community for Coal and Steel (ECCS),
Luxembourg. European Respiratory Journal, Volume 6, Supplement 16, 1993 (1-
100). ISBN 87-16-15024-4
Title: Fitness for Task and Health Surveillance
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Fitness for Task and Health Surveillance Assessments.
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Originating Dept: HSE & Engineering
E.
Food Handlers
Please refer to Health Assessment for Food Handlers for detailed information. General
aspects of food safety are outlined in AzSPU Food Safety Management Programme. Those
food handlers are working in Offshore Workers, Pipeline and Terminal Operators, Other
Operations and Construction sites have to undergo fitness assessments according Section
1.D in line with scope for Food handlers..
N
Type of Examination
Pre-employment
Periodic
(6 monthly)
1.
Questionnaire and Clinical form
filled in / reviewed / signed
2.
Clinical Examination and Mental
State & Skin Examination
3.
General Dental Assessment
4.
Vision check basic
5.
Chest X-ray
If indicated
6.
ECG (if over 40 y.o., if a smoker or
if indicated)
7.
Drug test - 5 panel drug THC,
As needed
COC, OPI, AMP, PCP urine testing
(Buprenorphine for Georgia based
staff)
8.
Urine analysis
9.
Stool microscopy and culture
10.
Medical swabs
As needed to comply with local legal
requirements
11.
Rabies
If at risk
12.
D/T, Hepatitis A; Typhoid; Polio
Title: Fitness for Task and Health Surveillance
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Dated: September, 2010
Originating Dept: HSE & Engineering
F.
Fire and Emergency Crew
Fire and Emergency Crews are represented by:
Fire and rescue team (FRT)
Emergency response team (ERT)
FRT is the processional team of fire and rescue specialists while ERT is the trained team
where some of whom will have a range of duties including fire fighting, assisting with a
controlled facility evacuation and casualty search and rescue during the installation
emergencies as an addition to their normal operations duties.
All Fire and Emergency Crew members will follow Emergency Response Team Medical
Standards requirements and the aerobic capacity VO2 maximum of 35mls/kg/min has
been determined as the minimum standard.
National employees are the subject to comply with local statuary fitness for task
requirements.
NFBA 1582 Standard on Medical Requirements for Fire Fighters and Information for Fire
Department Physicians will be applying for specific health conditions of professional FRT
members which are not covered by above standards.
All Fire and Emergency Crew members who are required to wear the BA sets shall
undergo annual respiratory fit testing.
Title: Fitness for Task and Health Surveillance
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Dated: September, 2010
Originating Dept: HSE & Engineering
G.
Respiratory Protective Equipment Users
All individuals who are required to wear respiratory protection equipment (RPE) are
subject to complete health assessment to make sure that they are medically and physically
capable.
There are two groups of self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) users:
Routine use (eg enclosed space entry)
Emergency use (eg fire fighting, rescue)
All SCBA users will follow Emergency Response Team Medical Standards requirements
where the aerobic capacity VO2 maximum of 35mls/kg/min has been determined as the
minimum standard.
All other RPE users will follow the scope described in Section 1.D
In addition to assessment of medical and physical fitness, all RPE users will undergo
quantitative RPE fit testing to ensure an effective mask/face seal can be achieved
according to
AzSPU Respiratory Protection Programme.
Note: Workers may use disposable dust masks for nuisance dust avoidance, in non-
hazardous atmospheres, without being fit tested.
Frequency of quantitative RPE fit testing:
Pre SCBA/respirator use.
Periodic: annually.
Following significant illness, injury likely to adversely affect fitness.
Title: Fitness for Task and Health Surveillance
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Originating Dept: HSE & Engineering
H.
Divers
These are to be performed by a certified medical provider only, according to the
international standard of fitness for diving works. See IMCA Medical Standards for
Diving at Work and also AzSPU Procedure for Diving and Subsea Operations.
I.
Health Professionals
All those with potential exposure to blood/body fluids must be offered Hepatitis B
immunisation Hepatitis B vaccination. TB status assessment (Heaf test) is required.
J.
First Aiders
All those with potential exposure to blood/body fluids must be offered Hepatitis B
immunization.
Country specific requirements may include additional immunizations/tests
K.
People assigned for work in high temperature environments
There are several conditions that should be assessed in relation to suitability for
performing high temperature work. These are:
Any pre-existing medical conditions which might affect a person's ability to cope with
heat stress e.g. heart and circulation disorders, lung diseases, epilepsy, diabetes, kidney
problems.
Any current medical treatment of relevance.
Any previous history of heat illness. This may indicate susceptibility and the need for
extra care.
Any history of alcohol or substance misuse - increases dehydration risk and some
recreational drugs can cause problems with body temperature regulation.
Any short term disorders/minor illnesses that would make working in hot conditions
inadvisable.
Baseline measurements of height, weight, pulse rate, blood pressure and temperature
should also be taken.
BMI (Body Mass Index) should be calculated for each individual, those with a body
mass index of >35 are at significantly increased risk of development of illness related
to high temperature work.
Age is also a significant risk factor; those who are over 50 years of age are at
significantly higher risk of developing heat-induced illnesses.
This is a complex area, it is therefore important that advice should be taken from the
Health Team prior to any decision to select a member of staff for high temperature
working or prior to any decision to exclude a member of staff from fulfilling duties as a
high temperature worker on medical fitness grounds.
See also OGP Health Aspects of Work in Extreme Climates.
Title: Fitness for Task and Health Surveillance
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Originating Dept: HSE & Engineering
L.
People assigned for work in cold temperature environments
Only appropriate health assessment will make it possible to identify certain
contraindications specific to work in extreme cold such as:
Cardio - vascular diseases see OGP Health Aspects of Work in Extreme Climates.
Raynauds syndrome (white finger construction of blood vessels due to the cold)
Cold induced asthma
Cold induced urticaria (itching)
Previous cold injury
Certain conditions may contra-indicate work in extreme cold, e.g. alcohol and drug abuse,
heavy smokers who may have respiratory problems, severely obese such as BMI (Body
Mass Index) 35, and the medically unfit.
All medications should be scrutinized as to their effects on physiological impact when
working in extreme cold. i.e.:
Medications which alter vigilance e.g. tranquillizers, sleeping pills, antidepressant
drugs, antihistamines
Medications which act on blood circulation e.g. medication for high blood pressure
and drugs which act on the heart
Medications and other substances which may increase the risk of hypothermia e.g.
alcohol.
M. Lone/Night /Shift Workers
Lone workers are at specific risk if they suffer from a pre-existing condition that could
render them unable to summon assistance should they get into difficulties. Depending on
the condition the individual may be at increased risk if there is a significant delay in
reaching hospital facilities if required.
There are several conditions that should be assessed in relation to suitability for lone work.
These are:
Heart disease
Dependence on drugs or alcohol
Chest problems or asthma
Epilepsy
Diabetes
History of stroke, fainting and unexplained loss of consciousness.
Communication problems.
See also AzSPU Fatigue Management Programme.
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Originating Dept: HSE & Engineering
N.
Cleaners /Housekeeping staff/ Manual Handlers/ Sewage Workers/ Pest
Control
General examination for cleaners should have emphasis on dermatological and respiratory
conditions.
Based on risk assessment Vaccination against Tetanus and other potential diseases can be
recommended. Vaccination against D/T, Hepatitis A, polio and typhoid are required for all
sewage and pest control workers. For pest control workers rabies vaccination should be
provided as well.
Some of these employees may need to be enrolled into appropriate Health Surveillance
Programmes.
Additional investigations may be required for employees to meet requirements of
particular jobs performed by them (refer to Section 1.D).
See also AzSPU Manual Handling Management Programme
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Originating Dept: HSE & Engineering
O.
Medical Assessments before International Assignment (pre-posting)
The scope of the assessments depends on the outcome of the risk assessment for the
proposed host location and an initial enquiry into the individual‟s previous health
experience. The visa requirements also should be taken into consideration and
documentation for visa purposes filled in accordingly.
The process is coordinating by HR International Mobility team and UK Health Team
Refer to the following supportive documents:
International Mobility Global Expat Flow Diagrams
Global Expatriate Health Clearance Process (Clinic Guidance Pack)
High and Low risk Countries Map
Global Expat Process Health Requirements
Employee Briefing Pack for Expatriation Process
Medical Fitness Requirements for Different Countries - CD ROM „Medical
Criteria - Fitness for Posting‟ can be obtained form AzSPU OH Team
Periodic Health Assessments during Posting
Expatriate BP Exploration Caspian Sea Ltd. employees will undergo periodical health assessment
according the task they are involved and highlighted in different sections of this document.
Expatriate BP Exploration Caspian Sea Ltd. employees and their resident dependants in
Azerbaijan are advised to undergo periodic medical assessments part of the Azerbaijan Republic
State Migration Service Annual Residence Permit process. See scope of medical assessment here.
Title: Fitness for Task and Health Surveillance
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Dated: September, 2010
Originating Dept: HSE & Engineering
P.
Business Travel Health Assessments
Employees who travel regularly overseas on Company business may be exposed to health
risks not normally encountered in their home country.
All business travellers are required to undergo regular health assessments to ensure that:
Any personal medical conditions can be accommodated during their travel
Their health has not been adversely effected by either the travel undertaken or the
environment at the locations visited
All business travelers should receive advice on preventative health measures and details
about the health services and emergency medical arrangements relevant to their likely
destinations ( See Global Clinic List ( May 2008))
See also:
Group Health Travel health website
High and Low risk Countries Map
Global Expat Process Health Requirements
Medical Fitness Requirements for Different Countries - CD ROM „Medical Criteria -
Fitness for Posting‟ can be obtained form AzSPU OH Team
Typical scope:
Periodic
N
Type of Examination
(2 yearly)
1.
Fitness for Task Health Questionnaire (parts
1-8) filled in / reviewed / signed
2.
Clinical Examination
3.
Urine analysis
4.
Immunisation review and update (depending
on the country of destination)
5.
Provide travel health advise based on
TRAVAX recommendations*
6.
Chest X-ray
If clinically
indicated
7.
Resting Electrocardiograph (ECG) if age over
If clinically
40 years or a smoker
indicated
* For high-risk countries consider need for malaria advice and chemoprophylaxis. If
required, supply three months of clinically appropriate anti-malaria tablets
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Originating Dept: HSE & Engineering
Q.
Teachers (The International School of Azerbaijan (TISA) staff)
TISA office - based teachers (e.g. administrative staff, teachers, assistants of teachers etc)
need be reviewed for chronic health problems liable to be a cause of poor attendance.
TISA based staff on other positions such as securities; kitchen and cleaning staff, etc
should pass medical assessment according to their scope of assessment as indicated in this
document.
Periodic health assessments for these staff are required according to Order N 13 of
Ministry of Health for Special working group.
DSE users are entitled for a Middle Distance vision test once in two years. It could be
performed upon employee‟s request (through AzSPU Health Team) or if indicated.
N
Type of Examination
Pre-employment
Periodic
(Annually)
1.
Fitness for Task Health Questionnaire (parts
1,2,3,4,7,8) filled in / reviewed / signed
2.
Task check list filled in / reviewed / signed
3.
Physical Examination
4.
Urine analysis
5.
Vision Check
7.
Chest X-ray
If indicated
8.
Drug test - 5 panel drug THC, COC, OPI,
_
AMP, PCP urine testing
9
Electrocardiography (if over 40 y.o., if a
smoker or if indicated)
10.
Blood test and swab on STD
As required to be
_
comply with local
legal requirements
11
Blood type
If required
12
Full Blood Count
If indicated
* Vaccination records for expatriate staff have to be reviewed and vaccination should be
updated accordingly
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Originating Dept: HSE & Engineering
2.
Health Surveillance Assessments
A.
Asbestos
In many countries work with asbestos is subject to specific regulations.
BP has a safe operating procedure covering work with asbestos.
Health Effects
Inhalation is the primary route of exposure to asbestos fibers. The most common changes
that asbestos exposure may cause, depending on the total dose received, are:
Plaques
Pleural thickening
Asbestosis
Lung cancer
Mesothelioma of the pleura and peritoneum
Asbestos related diseases are of insidious onset and generally appear many years after first
exposure.
Health Surveillance
If there is any exposure to asbestos health surveillance must be conducted according to
country specific regulatory requirement. Where no such requirement exists then Control of
Asbestos at Work Regulations 2002 prevails.
B.
Benzene
In some countries work with benzene is subject to specific regulations. A BP safe
operating procedure is in development.
Benzene can be absorbed into the body by:
Inhalation
Skin contact
Ingestion
Health Effects
The effects on health depend on the length and degree of exposure.
Long-term exposure to benzene can result in serious blood disorders.
Health Surveillance
Hygiene monitoring should provide information on potential exposure.
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Originating Dept: HSE & Engineering
If there is any potential for exposure to levels above 1 ppm, health surveillance must be
conducted according to country specific regulatory requirements. Where no such
requirement exists then OSHA regulations prevail.
C.
Cadmium
Cadmium is a well known toxic element. In some countries work with cadmium is subject
to specific regulations.
Health Effects
Inhalation is the primary route of exposure to cadmium compounds. Health effects may be
acute or chronic. The most common changes that cadmium exposure may cause,
depending on the total dose received, are:
Kidney disease
Lung disease (acute or chronic)
Lung and prostate cancer
Osteomalacia and osteoporosis
Chronic Cadmium related diseases are of insidious onset and develop after years of
exposure.
Health Surveillance
The effects on health depend on the length and degree of exposure. Long-term exposure
to cadmium can result in serious health disorders.
Hygiene monitoring should provide information on potential exposure.
Health Surveillance will be required for any employee where the risk assessment indicates
a significant risk. Health surveillance must be conducted according to country specific
regulatory requirements. Where no such requirement exists then OSHA regulations
prevail.
D.
Carcinogens
Some chemical substances have the potential to damage the DNA of the cells, which may
eventually lead to cancer. Such substances are known as carcinogens and may be present
in the work environment. Cancer of occupational origin is usually indistinguishable from
non-occupational cancer. Nevertheless, there are some characteristics to note.
It tend to appear earlier than spontaneous cancer of the same site
Exposure to the putative agent is repeated, but not necessarily continuous
The latent period is 10-40 years
The tumors are often multiple in a given organ
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Originating Dept: HSE & Engineering
Despite widely differing estimates of the proportion of all cancers caused by
occupation, the true figure probably lies in the range of 3 to 8%
Different substances have different target organs and conduct to different kind of cancer.
International Agency of Research on Cancer (IARC) searches for the evidence for
carcinogenicity of compounds and processes, where published data exist suggesting a
cancer effect.
The compound or chemical is then graded for evidence of carcinogenicity into one of four
categories:
Sufficient
Limited
Inadequate
Lacking
This information can be found in the MSDS provided along with the chemical.
Health Surveillance
Health Surveillance will be required for any employee where the risk assessment indicates
a significant risk of exposure to a carcinogenic substance. Some carcinogens are under
control of specific regulations (e.g. asbestos, benzene). In general carcinogenic substances
are under the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Regulations 2002 and
OSHA regulations.
E.
Hand Arm Vibration (HAV)
Energy can be transferred from a vibrating tool, equipment or work-piece to a worker‟s
hands and arms. In some countries, vibration at work is subject to specific regulations.
Health Effects
Regular, frequent, long-term exposure to HAV can lead to damage to the structure and
tissues of the hand and arms. This damage is what causes the condition known as Hand-
Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS).
The syndrome can be divided into vascular effects and sensory and neurological effects, as
a consequence of damage in blood vessels and nerves respectively, leading to the
following signs and symptoms:
Painful finger blanching attacks (Reynaud‟s phenomena)
Reduced sense of touch and temperature
Numbness and tingling
Stiff and painful joints
Reduced grip strength
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Originating Dept: HSE & Engineering
Reduced manual dexterity
Health effects may become permanent if the exposure is not well controlled. However, it
must be noted that similar signs and symptoms may be caused by conditions unrelated to
HAV and only a suitably qualified medical practitioner can make accurate diagnosis.
Management of the Affected Worker, including Fitness for Work
Any worker diagnosed as suffering from HAVS will need to receive advice about their
medical condition and the likelihood of disease progression with continued exposure from
the doctor. The advice will vary according to the severity of the disease. HAVS is
classified according to severity in stages using the Stockholm Workshop scales.
Continuing exposure may be acceptable in early cases. Diagnosis of new cases of HAVS
(Stage 1) shall result in appropriate steps being taken by the employer to review the risk
assessment and ensure that exposures are reduced to as low a level as is reasonably
practicable. If exposure is adequately controlled, it may be possible to prevent workers
with Stage 1 from progressing to HAVS Stage 2 before they reach retirement age. Health
surveillance monitoring for the individual may need to take place more frequently,
depending on the advice of the doctor, if there is concern about progression of the disease.
Even if the employee does not give consent for medical information to be disclosed to the
employer it is the responsibility of the doctor to advise the employer on whether the
worker is fit for work with exposure to HAV. A recommendation may need to be made on
safety grounds. For example, significant loss of grip strength might increase the risk of
accidental injury to the employee or their co-employees. In most cases, the main reason
for judging a worker to be unfit for work with HAV is to prevent further deterioration that
could cause disability.
If an employee is diagnosed as having HAVS Stage 2 (sensorineural or vascular) the aim
is to prevent HAVS Stage 3 developing because this is a more severe form of the disease
associated with significant loss of function and disability. At the onset of symptoms of
HAVS Stage 2, there shall be a reassessment of exposure conditions and close monitoring
of the individual for any progression of symptoms, especially functional impairment.
An older employee, close to retirement age, with no indication of recent rapid progression
of symptoms, and who fully understands the risks involved in ongoing exposures, may be
allowed to continue work with limited exposure under regular health surveillance.
If carpal tunnel syndrome is diagnosed, the worker may need to be removed from
exposure to vibration. Where a non-occupational condition is suspected, the employee
shall be referred to their general practitioner. Outcome of surgical decompression in carpal
tunnel syndrome can be less favorable in HAVS patients than in people with no history of
vibration exposure. Recommendations for return to work with exposure to vibration shall
be made on an individual basis and the employee shall be informed of the possible return
of symptoms with continued exposure.
When a recommendation is made by the doctor that an employee is no longer fit for
exposure to vibration, the employer has to decide on the appropriate action to take. Factors
such as the scope for further reductions in exposure and availability of other work with no
exposure to vibration may play a part in this decision-making process.
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Originating Dept: HSE & Engineering
Health Surveillance
Health Surveillance will be required for any employee where the risk assessment indicates
a significant risk. Health surveillance must be conducted according to country specific
regulatory requirements. In UK this means any employee who is exposed to HAV levels at
or above the daily action level of 2.5 m/s2 as stated in The Control of Vibration at Work
Regulations 2005, which will prevail where no specific regulatory requirements exists.
Tiered Approach to Health Surveillance
To identify employees with symptoms that require further investigation, while avoiding
unnecessary use of specialist resources, a tiered approach to health surveillance will be
used.
Tier 1 Initial or Baseline Assessment
New and existing personnel identified as having significant exposure to HAV risk
(likelihood of regular exposure above the EAV of 2.5m/s A(8) e.g. those who use „red‟
tools or undertake prolonged use of
„amber‟ tools, must be entered into the health
surveillance programme. An initial assessment will be carried out using a self-
administered questionnaire (refer to Paragraph 5). These persons must also be given the
necessary information and training to make them aware of the health risks and necessary
precautions. Employees with no symptoms suggestive of HAVS, or relevant medical
history, should be considered fit for work with exposure to HAV.
Tier 2 Annual (Screening) Questionnaire
This shall be carried out annually in the form of routine health surveillance for employees
who are at risk but have not exceeded the action value or reported any symptoms
suggestive of HAVS. The Tier 1 questionnaire can also be used to conduct this annual
screening.
HSE recommends that after 3 years of reporting no symptoms the worker shall be referred
for a consultation with a qualified professional to provide an opportunity to more fully
explore any possible symptoms that the individual may have experienced without
appreciating their full significance.
If symptoms appear for the first time or progress, workers should be encouraged to report
any symptoms and not to wait until the next time that screening is carried out.
Any reporting of symptoms triggers the need for further assessment (Tiers 3).
Tier 3 Assessment by a Qualified Person
This will be conducted by a nurse or doctor who has obtained the Faculty of Occupational
Medicine qualification in Health Surveillance for HAVS. They will administer the Tier 3
questionnaire. The clinical examination is targeted at vascular and neurological function in
the arm and hand. An assessment of grip strength and manual dexterity will be made using
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Originating Dept: HSE & Engineering
a dynamometer and the Purdue pegboard, or other means for manual dexterity.
Screening Questionnaire for workers using vibrating tools Tier1
Hand Arm Vibration Clinical Assessment Report Tier 3
AzSPU Hand-Arm Vibration Programme
F.
Ionizing Radiation
Radiation is energy that transmitted, emitted or absorbed on the form of particles or
waves. The effect of such radiation on living tissues is variable, but the ability of this
energy to ionize the target tissue distinguishes the two main sections of the
electromagnetic spectrum: ionizing radiation and non-ionizing.
Ionizing radiation is of two main types electromagnetic and particulate. The
electromagnetic group includes X -rays and gamma (γ) rays, and particulate includes
electrons (beta (β) particles), protons, neutrons and alpha (ά) particles.
Health Effects
Health effects of ionizing radiation can be divided into doses-dependant effects (known as
non-stochastic, i.e. effects for which there is a threshold level and thus a progression of
severity of effect with dose) and effects for which there is no threshold level of dose and
the effect occurs by chance (known as stochastic effects).
Non-stochastic health effects:
Acute radiation syndrome - gastro-intestinal, blood, central nervous system
Delayed - cataracts, dermatitis
Stochastic health effects:
Cancer
Genetic damage
Health Surveillance
Hygiene monitoring shall provide information on how potential exposure is managed.
Employees who are subject to medical surveillance under the HSE Ionizing Radiation
Regulations 1999 Regulation 24(1) to (7) must undergo health surveillance conducted by
doctors specifically appointed by the HSE Employment Medical Advisory Service.
Check with Tracerco if we need to conduct health surveillance
G.
Lead
Lead is a highly toxic substance, exposure to which can produce a wide range of adverse
health effects. Lead can enter the body from inhaling or ingesting dust and chemicals
containing lead. In some countries work with lead is subject to specific regulations.
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Health effects
Lead exposure can affect almost every system within the body including:
Brain
Blood
Kidneys
Cardiovascular system
Central nervous system
Reproductive system
Health surveillance
Health Surveillance will be required for any employee where the risk assessment indicates
a significant risk. Health surveillance must be conducted according to country specific
regulatory requirements. In UK work with lead is subject to the Control of Lead at Work
(CLAW) Regulations 2002, which will prevail where no specific regulatory requirements
exists.
H.
Mercury
The absorption and toxicity of mercury are largely a function of the form of mercury
involved and the rout of exposure. In some countries work with mercury is subject to
specific regulations.
Health Effects
Mercury is a heavy metal that causes diverse health effects depending on its presentation
in the environment as elemental form, inorganically as salts, or organically as organ-
mercury compounds. The three groups vary in effects due to differences in their
absorption and metabolism, and in the route of exposure among other factors.
Mercury and mercury compounds may be absorbed into the body by:
Inhalation
Skin contact
Ingestion
With sufficient exposure all mercury- based toxins cause damages in:
Nervous system
Lungs
Liver
Kidneys
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Originating Dept: HSE & Engineering
Gastrointestinal tract
Skin
Fetus and newborn
Health Surveillance
Hygiene monitoring shall be providing information on how potential exposure is managed.
If there is any possibility of people being exposed to mercury, then health surveillance
shall be conducted according to country specific regulatory requirements. Where no such
requirement exists then OSHA regulations prevail.
I.
Noise
Noise is a physical agent health hazard described as an unwanted sound. High noise
exposure can lead to hearing loss and other health conditions, and can be a factor to
workplace accidents. In some countries noise at work is subject to specific regulations.
Health Effects
Exposure to high levels of noise causes:
Hearing loss
Tinnitus
Cardiovascular impacts
Stress
Behavioural changes (irritability)
Health surveillance
Health Surveillance will be required for any employee where the risk assessment indicates
a significant risk. Health surveillance must be conducted according to country specific
regulatory requirements. In UK it exists The Health and Safety Executive Control of Noise
at Work Regulations (CoNAWR) 2005, which states that health surveillance, is required
for all employees frequently exposed above the upper exposure action values and for
individuals at greater or additional risk if exposed between the lower and upper exposure
action values.
Procedure for Audiometric Testing and Audiogram Interpretation
HSE Categorisation Scheme
Audiometry Questionnaire
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Originating Dept: HSE & Engineering
J.
Respiratory Irritants/Sensitizers
Inhalation is the primary route of exposure to pollutants (dust, gases and fumes) in the
work environment.
Many substances have the potential of causing disturbance directly to the respiratory
system or, utilizing it as a route of entry, to sensitize the immunologic system and
afterwards to trigger a localized or generalized response on its presence.
These kinds of substances are under the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health
(COSHH) Regulations 2002 and OSHA regulations.
Health effects
Main effects of respiratory irritants/sensitizers are:
Swelling of upper airways
Allergic rhinitis
Asthma
Chronic bronchitis
Acute lung disease
Chronic lung disease
Health Surveillance
Hygiene monitoring shall be providing information on how potential exposure is managed.
Health Surveillance will be required for any employee where the risk assessment indicates
a significant risk.
Health surveillance must be conducted according to country specific regulatory
requirements. Where no such requirement exists then OSHA regulations prevail.
Respiratory Surveillance Questionnaire
K.
Skin Irritants/Sensitizers
Skin is the secondary route of occupational exposure to health risks. Many agents
(chemical, physical or biological) have the potential of cause skin damages or disease.
Must of substances are under the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH)
Regulations 2002 and OSHA regulations.
Irritants
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Irritants are agents which produce lesions by direct action at the site of contact. Their
speed of action depends on their concentration and the length of time for which they are in
contact with the skin. Their effects are caused by chemical reaction with the skin (by
degreasing or dehydrating it, or by denaturing proteins in the skin). Frictional irritation of
skin points of contact with tools or work-pieces can produce trauma that leads to
dermatitis.
Sensitizers
Many substances do note have primary irritant effect. Instead, contact with them may
result in sensitizing of the skin that triggers an allergic response after new exposure to the
same substance. Allergic contact dermatitis can be acute or chronic.
Health effects
Chemical burns
Irritant contact dermatites
Allergic contact dermatites
Contact urticaria
Health Surveillance
Health Surveillance will be required for any employee where the risk assessment indicates
a significant risk.
Health surveillance must be conducted according to country specific regulatory
requirements. Most of substances and other skin irritants / sensitizers agents are under The
Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Regulations 2002 or OSHA
regulations.
Solvents
Organic solvents are a distinct group of substances characterized by their ability to
dissolve oils, fats, plastics, rubber and resins. Due to this property of solving fats, they are
easily taken up through the lungs or through the skin, reaching the bloodstream and being
distributed everywhere in the body.
Health effects
The health effects of these agents are dependant to a large extent on the route of exposure,
the chronicity of exposure and the severity of the exposure. Some effects are common to
all organic solvents but others are substance-specific.
With sufficient exposure, organic solvents cause damages in:
Nervous system (central and peripheral, including vision and hearing)
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Originating Dept: HSE & Engineering
Skin
Lungs
Liver
Kidneys
Blood
Heart
Health Surveillance
Hygiene monitoring shall be providing information on how potential exposure is managed.
Health Surveillance will be required for any employee where the risk assessment indicates
a significant risk.
Health surveillance must be conducted according to country specific regulatory
requirements. Where no such requirement exists then OSHA regulations prevail.
Skin Surveillance Questionnaire (Female)
Skin Surveillance Questionnaire (Male)
L.
Unknown potentially hazardous material
Thousands of substances and compounds are used every day in different work
environments and every year new chemicals are introduced as well. Many of them are not
well characterized and their effects and potential risks for human health are still unknown.
Wherever a substance or compound lacks of information regarding its potential to affect
human health or such information is not known. Such material should be managed as
potentially hazardous. All precautionary measures should be adopted when manipulating
these materials.
As stated above, health surveillance looks for early signs of work-related ill health in
employees exposed to certain health risks. However, health surveillance is appropriate
where the risk agent has a known health effect and there is a validated, reproducible and
measurable biological impact.
Regardless a health surveillance program is not in place for an specific risk, all sings or
symptoms potentially related with a substance or compound most be reported to the
appointed person (generally the COSHH coordinator) in order to assess the specific
situation.
Potential hazardous material is regulated by The Control of Substances Hazardous to
Health (COSHH) Regulations 2002 and OSHA regulations.
DOCUMENT OF INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND AND FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
IMMEDIATE
ATTENTION
SM/09/164
June 29, 2009
To:
Members of the Executive Board
From:
The Acting Secretary
Subject:
Switzerland—Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes—Fiscal
Transparency Module
Attached for the information of the Executive Directors is the fiscal transparency module of
the report on the observance of standards and codes for Switzerland.
It is expected that this report will be posted on the Fund’s external website after Monday,
July 6, 2009.
Questions may be referred to Mr. Allen, FAD (ext. 37091).
This document will shortly be posted on the extranet, a secure website for Executive
Directors and member country authorities.
Att:(1)
Other Distribution:
Department Heads
INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
SWITZERLAND
Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC)
Fiscal Transparency Module
Prepared by the Fiscal Affairs Department
Approved by Marek Belka and Sanjeev Gupta
June 25, 2009
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This report provides an assessment of fiscal transparency practices in Switzerland in relation to the requirements of
the IMF Code of Good Practices on Fiscal Transparency. It is limited to fiscal transparency at the central
government (confederation) level, which accounts for about a third of general government expenditures and
revenues. The report is based on discussions with the authorities and other organizations, the authorities’ response to
the IMF fiscal transparency questionnaire, and other sources of information. The IMF Manual on Fiscal
Transparency (2007) provides further explanation of the terms and concepts used in this report
Switzerland has made rapid improvements in the management of federal public finances in recent years and, in most
respects, its performance against the Code meets best international practice. The fiscal role of the executive and
legislative branches of government, and the legal framework for the management of federal public finances, are
clearly defined. The federal budget process is governed by a precise legal framework. A coherent medium-term
fiscal framework provides a clear context for budget decisions. The accuracy of macroeconomic forecasts compares
favorably with private sector counterparts. The legislative basis for taxation is complex given the multiplicity of
federal and cantonal codes in some cases, but transparent and well understood; and tax administration and taxpayers’
rights are clearly defined and efficiently delivered. Rules for public procurement, and the employment and ethical
behavior of civil servants, are clear and generally well observed.
There are some areas, however, where further measures could be considered, in consultation with parliament where
appropriate, to enhance fiscal transparency and the presentation and management of fiscal risks. These include:
improving the timeliness of fiscal information relating to general government (currently compiled with a time lag of
two years); strengthening the credibility of macroeconomic and fiscal forecasting by increasing the use and
disclosure of sensitivity analysis and deployment of alternative scenarios, and greater external validation; disclosing
additional information on the government’s debt management strategy, tax expenditures, and contingent liabilities;
establishing a coherent framework for presenting quasi-fiscal activities in public corporations, especially postal
services and railways in which there is a universal service obligation; and strengthening the transparency of the
social security system by separating the funds for old age pensions and disability. Finally, the government could
announce further steps to fully comply with international public sector accounting standards (IPSAS) of financial
reporting; clarify the functions of internal and external audit; and reinforce the independence of the Swiss Federal
Audit Office.
2
Contents
Page
Glossary
3
I.
Introduction
4
II.
Detailed Description of Practice
5
A.
Clarity of Roles and Responsibilities
5
B.
Open Budget Processes
14
C.
Public Availability of Information
23
D.
Assurances of Integrity
30
III.
IMF Staff Commentary
37
Tables
1.
Federal Government Ownership of Nonfinancial Corporations
8
2.
Revenue and Expenditure Forecasting Performance, 2007-07
30
Boxes
1.
Composition of General Government in Switzerland
5
2.
The SNB’s Support for UBS as a Quasi-Fiscal Activity
7
3.
Expenditure Assignment
10
4.
Revenue Assignment
11
5.
The Budget Preparation Process in Switzerland
15
6.
Budget Documentation
16
7.
The Debt Brake Rule in Switzerland
18
8.
Accrual Budgeting and Fiscal Policy—The Swiss Model
21
Appendixes
I.
Summary Assessment of Practices
43
II.
Public Availability of Information—A Summary
53
3
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
CG
Central Government
CoA
Chart of Accounts
EBF
Extra Budgetary Funds
FCA
Federal Customs Administration
FFA
Federal Finance Administration
FTA
Federal Tax Administration
GDP
Gross Domestic Product
INTOSAI
International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions
IPSAS
International Public Sector Accounting Standards
NAM
New Accounting Model
NFPCs
Nonfinancial Public Corporations
PPPs
Public-Private Partnerships
QFA
Quasi-Fiscal Activity
SDDS
Special Data Dissemination Standard
SFAO
Swiss Federal Audit Office
SNB
Swiss Federal Audit Office
SOE
State-Owned Enterprise
SPV
Special Purpose Vehicle
SSF
Social Security Funds
UBS
Union Bank of Switzerland
4
I.
INTRODUCTION1
1.
This report provides an assessment of the fiscal transparency practices of
Switzerland against the requirements of the IMF Code of Good Practices on Fiscal
Transparency (2007). The first part is a description of practices, prepared by IMF staff on
the basis of discussions with the authorities and their responses to the fiscal transparency
questionnaire, and drawing on other available information. The second part is an IMF staff
commentary on fiscal transparency in Switzerland. The two appendices summarize the staff’s
assessments, comment on the observance of good practices, and document the public
availability of information.
2.
This assessment focuses primarily on fiscal transparency at the central
government (confederation) level. Given the unique character of political economy and
fiscal federalism in Switzerland, and that less than a third of general government expenditure
or revenue is accounted for by the confederation, this does not give a complete picture.
Cantons are responsible for important areas of economic and social policy, and have a strong
influence on the composition and impact of public spending, and the overall stance of fiscal
policy. Further work would be needed to prepare a comprehensive assessment of fiscal
transparency and fiscal risk covering the whole of general government.
1 The IMF staff team visited Switzerland—Bern, Geneva, Winterthur, and Zürich—during January 16-29,
2009. It comprised Mr. Allen (head), Messrs. Khan and Schiller (all FAD), and Mr. Petrie (from FAD’s roster
of fiscal experts). In Bern, the mission met with the President of the Confederation and Minister of Finance
(Mr. Merz), and officials from the Federal Finance Administration (FFA); the State Secretariat for Economic
Affairs; the Federal Office of Transport; the Federal Office for Buildings and Logistics; the Federal Office of
Agriculture; the Federal Social Insurance Office; the Federal Department of Home Affairs; the Federal Tax
Administration (FTA); the Federal Customs Administration (FCA); and the Federal Statistics Office. It also
held meetings with the finance committees of the State Council and the National Council; the Swiss Federal
Audit Office (SFAO); the Fund for the Financing of Public Transport Infrastructure; the Swiss Railway
Company; Swiss Post; the Conference of the Directors of Finance of the Cantons; representatives of the cantons
of Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Geneva, and Solothurn; Transparency International Switzerland; Hocschule
Luzern; and Professor Dafflon. In Geneva, the mission met representatives of the Swiss Federal Social Security
Fund (SSF), and the Centrale de Compensation (CdC). In Winterthur, it met with Professor Andreas Bergmann.
Finally, in Zürich, the mission held meetings with the Swiss National Bank (SNB); Economiesuisse; Avenir
Suisse; Credit Suisse; and PWC. The mission would especially like to acknowledge the extensive support
provided by Mr. Zurbruegg, Ms. Huerzeler, Mr. Martinez, and other officials of the FFA.
5
II. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PRACTICE
A. Clarity of Roles and Responsibilities
Definition of government activities
3.
General government is defined consistently with Government Finance Statistics
(GFS) principles and is well covered in the budget process.
1.1.1
General government is defined in accordance with the principles of the Government Finance
Statistics Manual (GFSM 2001) and comprises four main sectors (Box 1): The federal
government comprises seven departments and related offices, the federal chancellery, and
four special funds. The special funds cover (i) railway projects; (ii) infrastructure;
(iii) technical universities; and (iv) the alcohol board. There are 26 cantonal governments.
The cantons are sovereign states with considerable autonomy. There are 2715 communes,
which likewise have considerable autonomy. The four social security institutions cover
(i) old age and survivors protection schemes; (ii) the disability protection scheme;
(iii) income compensation allowances in case of mandatory service and maternity; and
(iv) unemployment insurance. These schemes operate essentially on a pay-as-you-go basis.
Box 1. Composition of General Government in Switzerland
Expenditure as percent
Main Components
of GDP, 2006
Federal government: 7 departments and chancellery
10.9
of which:
4 extrabudgetary funds
0.8
State government:
26 cantons
14.7
Local government:
2715 communes
9.4
Social security:
4 social security institutions
10.4
Total (excluding double counting)
36.0
Government relationship with the central bank and public financial corporations
4.
The Central Bank of Switzerland—the Swiss National Bank—is operationally
independent, and has no fiscal role.
1.1.4
The Swiss National Bank (SNB)2 is an independent, publicly-owned corporation, whose
shares are owned by the public sector and private shareholders (companies and
2 Art. 99 of the Federal Constitution; the National Bank Act of October 3, 2003; the National Bank Ordinance
of March 18, 2004; and the Federal Act on Currency and Payment Instruments of May 1, 2000, provide the
legal framework for the SNB.
6
individuals).3A minimum shareholding for cantons is not defined. However, currently, the
public sector (cantons, cantonal banks, and other public institutions) holds 61.5 percent of the
shares. SNB’s financial instruments are stated in the balance sheet at fair value. All valuation
changes (gains and losses) are reported in the income statement. Dividends at a maximum
rate of 6 percent are paid to the shareholders; the SNBs’ remaining profits are distributed to
the cantons (two-thirds) and the federal government (one-third) under a 10-year agreement,
which is reviewed after 5 years.
The SNB provides banking services to the federal government to whom it charges a fee,
which by law must be on a full-cost recovery basis unless the activity contributes to the
conduct of monetary policy. The SNB’s executive board and staff coordinate closely with the
federal government on various aspects of economic policy—including macroeconomic
forecasting—and prepare monetary and balance of payments statistics and quarterly forecasts
of inflation. The SNB’s primary role is to conduct monetary policy so as to maintain price
stability, and to maintain stability in the financial system through its role as lender-of-the-last
resort. This mandate has been used by the SNB to explain its recent support for the Union
Bank of Switzerland (UBS), which represents a substantial quasi-fiscal activity (QFA)
(Box 2). The SNB is not allowed to provide loans to the federal government or to other levels
of government.
5.
Public ownership of financial institutions is limited at the federal level.
1.1.4
At the level of the confederation, there is no government ownership of financial corporations.
However, in response to the ongoing financial crisis, the federal government introduced a
major package of measures in October 2008 (including above described support for the UBS,
a new deposit insurance scheme, and the possibility of interbank guarantees). The support to
UBS―which is required by law to be fully disclosed in the financial statements of the
confederation―took the form of a mandatory convertible loan with the obligation to convert
unless sold to another investor within the next 30 months. This operation could lead to a
federal government participation of about 9 percent of the capital of UBS. The public sector
debt is expected to increase by 7 percent of GDP as a result of these support measures, thus
heightening the importance of a transparent presentation. SNB announced in March 2009, via
3 The SNB is governed by a supervisory council comprising 11 members, 6 of whom are appointed by the
federal government and 5 by the general meeting of shareholders. Its day-to-day operations are managed by an
executive board comprising 3 members and 3 alternates—with 6-year terms of office—nominated by the
council and approved by the federal government.
7
Box 2. The SNB’s Support for UBS as a Quasi-Fiscal Activity
The SNB has justified its recent support of UBS in relation to its role as lender-of-the-last resort. This
explanation rests on three considerations, namely: that UBS is a systemically important institution; could
provide sufficient collateral; and was solvent. On the last point, the SNB obtained advice from the Federal
Banking Commission that UBS was solvent, enabling it to provide emergency support. It did so by funding
90 percent of the purchase price of distressed assets to the value of US$60 billion.1 These assets were valued
by external assessors, and transferred to a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) under the SNB’s control. To
reduce the risks of not fully recovering the funds of the SPV, the SNB has set up several safeguards against
potential losses. UBS’ equity contribution to the stabilization fund, amounting to 10 percent of the assets
purchased, serves as the primary loss protection. In the case of a loss on the SNB loan, the SNB’s warrant for
100 million UBS shares serves as secondary loss protection.
This transaction should be classified as a QFA given the risk that the SNB may fail to recover all of its
investment. In this case, the profits of the SNB distributed to the federal government would be lower, with a
negative impact on the budget.
________________________
1/ On February 10, 2009, it was announced that the stabilization fund would acquire UBS assets for a lower
maximum amount than originally planned (approximately US$ 40 billion).
a press release and through its annual report,4 the financial situation of the SPV, and will
continue to report on a quarterly basis the SPV’s financial position and the effects on the
SNB’s balance sheet.
In addition to the financial support operations noted above, Swiss Post has a subsidiary,
PostFinance, which accepts deposits from the public and plays an important role in the
payments system. There are also banks in many cantons that are owned partially or fully by
the cantons, which typically guarantee all or at least part of their deposits.
Government relationship with nonfinancial public corporations (NFPCs)5
6.
The relationship between government and NFPCs is clear.
1.1.4
At the federal level, there are five large NFPCs with full government ownership, one large
NFPC with a majority government ownership, and several smaller NFPCs (Table 1). The
4 The SNB’s annual report (http://www.snb.ch/en/iabout/pub/annrep/id/pub_annrep_2008 ) incorporates two
chapters covering in detail the UBS transaction.
5 This report uses the term “corporation,” consistent with GFSM 2001; the Swiss government generally uses the
term “enterprise.”
8
Table 1. Switzerland: Federal Government Ownership
of Nonfinancial Corporations6
Ownership by
Total Government Equity
Institution
Government (percent)
(CHF million)
SBB
100
9048
Swisscom
52
2693
Swiss Post
100
2280
RUAG
100
774
Skyguide
100
285
SAPOMP
100
176
Other
51
Total
15307
large NFPCs are all governed by special laws and directives.7 These laws provide for
operational independence of the NFPCs, but require them to adhere to substantial strategic
directions given by the federal government.8 These objectives are embedded in performance
directives. The NFPCs report annually to the supervising federal department, and the
department then submits a report to the general assembly of the federation. These reports
cover the corporations’ financial results and nonfinancial performance in relation to the
strategic directives. The financial reports are audited by private audit firms and are made
available to the general public. Swisscom and Swiss Post have regularly reported profits in
recent years, which were either retained or transferred to the government.9 Swiss Railway
(SBB) is the only NFPC of the federation which benefits from substantial subsidies. Also, the
SBB, as well as Swiss Post, benefit from certain tax exemptions. In an effort to rationalize
the operations of NFPCs, in September 2006 the federal council published new principles on
the direction and control of public corporations and nonmarket nonprofit institutions, which
are still being reviewed by the federal assembly.10 At the cantonal and communal level, there
6 Information provided by the authorities (as of December 31, 2007).
7 For Swiss Post, for example, the Post Law of 1997 and the Post Organization Law of 1997, establishing the
Swiss Post and defining its organizational structure, as well as the Post Regulation of 1997, providing directives
for its operations, establish the legal framework.
8 For Swiss Post, for example, the Regulatory Office for the Post issued directives on December 7, 2004.
9 Swiss Post transferred dividends to the budget in 2007 for the first time, while Swisscom has transferred
dividends to the budget for several years.
10 The so-called corporate governance report of the federal council is available in the internet under
http://www.efd.admin.ch/dokumentation. This report distinguishes between four different tasks of government:
(i) preparation and implementation of government policies (ministerial tasks); (ii) provision of goods and
services under monopoly conditions; (iii) issuance and implementation of regulations; and (iv) provision of
goods and services under market conditions.
9
is extensive ownership of NFPCs in many sectors, including energy generation and
distribution, water, regional transportation, and insurance.
7.
Laws and processes governing government regulation of the private sector are
clear and open.
1.1.5
The Obligation Law (Obligationenrecht) provides the basic framework for Swiss nationals
and foreigners to do business in Switzerland. Other important laws are the commercial law
and the labor law. Legislation allows for the formation of several types of corporations and
prescribes rules for their governance. All cantons have special offices which are efficient in
steering potential investors through the relevant laws and regulations. All these laws and
regulations are established at the federal level, but their application and interpretation may
differ from canton to canton. Much of the authority to administer the funds and create
incentive programs has been devolved to the cantonal governments.
Fiscal management relationship among the branches of government
8.
The fiscal roles of the executive and legislative branches are clearly defined in
law.
1.1.2
The Federal Constitution and various laws clearly define the fiscal roles and responsibilities
of the executive and legislative branches of the government in managing federal public
finances. The executive branch is responsible for budget preparation and execution. Budgets
and final accounts have to be approved by parliament. At the federal level, parliament—the
united federal assembly―is made up of two equal chambers, the national council and the
council of states.11 The executive authority―the federal council―consists of seven
members, elected by a combined assembly of both chambers of parliament. The third branch,
the judiciary, belongs principally to the cantons, even when it comes to applying federal law.
The supreme court, however, is a federal institution.
Fiscal management relationships among different levels of government
9.
The responsibilities of different levels of government and the relationship
between them are complex, but clear and well understood.
1.1.3
Over many centuries, a model of federalism has evolved in Switzerland that is very complex
not only because of the complicated network of intergovernmental relations, but also because
of its interactions with a system of semi-direct democracy, including extensive use of
referenda. All cantons have their own constitution, executive, parliament, and judiciary. The
relationship between the cantons and their communes is defined by each canton. Cantons
11 The national council is elected on the basis of a system of proportional representation. The council of states
consists of 46 representatives of the cantons, 2 for each canton and 1 for each half-canton, irrespective of
population, geographic size, or economic/financial status.
10
generally have a supervisory role over communes on fiscal management issues, but there is
no such relationship between the federal government and cantons.
10.
Expenditure assignments are exclusive, shared, or common.
1.1.3
The fundamental principle in the distribution of expenditure assignments is subsidiarity,
namely that the task should be carried out at the lowest level of government for which it is
appropriate. There are exclusive and shared responsibilities (Box 3).12 This division of
responsibilities is not easily discernible from budget documents or financial accounts because
of the extensive network of transfers, subsidies, joint financing, and delegation of
competencies that has evolved over the years. The new system of financial equalization,
introduced in 2008, tries to address these problems (see below).
Box 3. Expenditure Assignments
Confederation: national defense; foreign affairs; national roads; old age and disability insurance;
accidental and occupational disease insurance; agriculture; SBB (federal railway); technical high schools;
and livestock breeding.
Shared responsibilities for confederation and cantons: health insurance; student assistance (only in
tertiary education); urban transportation; regional transportation; main roads; execution of penalties; official
measurements and standards; protection of historic monuments, the natural environment, and water supply;
protection against noise and flooding; and improvements in agriculture, forestry, wildlife, and fisheries.
Mainly by cantons: jurisdiction; police; education (all mandatory schools); health (including hospitals);
cantonal roads and regional traffic; area planning; forestry; sport; and cultural institutions of supraregional
importance.
Responsibilities shared among cantons: assistance for handicapped and elderly people (including
construction and operation of special homes); cantonal universities; specialized higher level education;
student assistance; public city transportation; airport traffic control; housing in mountainous regions; and
promotion of agriculture at the cantonal level.
Mainly by communes (can vary from one canton to the other): civil protection; primary schools; culture
and leisure; waste removal; clean water; and energy.
11.
Revenues are assigned to all three levels of government.
1.1.3
The Federal Constitution is explicit in separating taxing powers vertically (Box 4). Tax codes
and effective tax rates may vary significantly from canton to canton.
12 Reforme de la péréquation financière et de la répartition des taches entre la confederation et les cantons,
September 2007, www.nfa.ch.
11
Box 4. Revenue Assignments
Confederation: income tax; tax on net profits; withholding tax; military and civil service exemption tax;
value added tax; stamp duties; tobacco tax; beer tax; tax on distilled spirits; mineral oil tax; motor vehicle
tax; and customs duties.
Cantons: income tax; wealth taxes; poll tax or household tax; tax on net profits; tax on capital; inheritance
and gift taxes; capital gains tax; real estate tax; taxes on the transfer of immovable property; motor vehicle
taxes; entertainment taxes; dog taxes; stamp duties; and tax on hydraulic power stations.
Communes: income tax; wealth taxes; poll tax or household tax; tax on net profits; tax on capital;
inheritance and gift taxes; capital gains tax; real estate taxes; taxes on the transfer of immovable property;
trade tax; dog taxes; and entertainment taxes.
12.
There is a strong tendency to equalize differences in revenue and living
conditions through a system of financial equalization.
1.1.3
The financial equalization scheme is complex but well understood by experts and informed
citizens. A new equalization scheme was introduced in January 1, 2008. The main objectives
of the reform were two-fold: (i) the reallocation and clearer separation of tasks between the
federation and the cantons; and (ii) the introduction of a new system of equalization that
would better take into account the potential of the cantons to raise revenue, and the need to
equalize specific financial burdens arising from topography and the social-demographic
structure of the population.13The new system is based on two main pillars: (i) calculating a
resource index for each canton, and taking into account the personal income, business
income, and wealth of the canton’s citizens; and (ii) compensating two groups of cantons for
specific expenditure requirements: first, the cantons in the mountainous regions for the
higher costs involved in delivering public services to citizens; and second, the urban cantons
with a fiscally unfavorable population structure, such as a high share of unemployed, poor,
elderly, and foreign persons. In addition, there is a provision to compensate those cantons
that lose revenue under the new system; such support, however, will be phased out over time.
Under the new system, no earmarked grants are paid to cantons.
The legal and administrative framework for fiscal management
13.
The legal framework for the management of public finances is clear and
comprehensive.
1.2.1.
13 Criteria for determining the relative “financial strength” of cantons are the taxable income of individual
taxpayers, earnings from taxable assets of individual taxpayers, and the taxable profits of firms (per cantonal
inhabitant in each case).
12
The legal framework provides a sound base for efficient fiscal management. In particular,
Art. 100(5) of the Constitution stipulates that the federation may temporarily increase taxes
and duties, although its stabilization policies are principally rules-based (notably, the “debt
brake” rule). The cantons have similar provisions in their constitutions and typically also
have their own public finance laws and regulations; in addition, many cantons have fiscal
rules. For the legal framework on public finances at the federal level, see paragraph 21
below.
14.
All taxes, fees, and other charges are based in law; legislation is complex, but
well publicized.
1.2.2
While complex, tax laws are generally clear and easily available. Legislation is fragmented
but well publicized. Efforts have been made to bring greater harmonization to federal and
cantonal tax codes. The Federal Law on the Harmonization of Direct Cantonal and
Communal Taxes, which entered into force on January 1, 1993, constitutes a framework law.
It contains principles with regard to tax liability, the definitions of taxable units and
assessment periods, and procedures and enforcement. These provisions include
(i) standardized assessment periods for both individuals and legal entities; (ii) full taxation of
social welfare services and full deduction of premiums paid out; (iii) the taxation of families
and dependents; (iv) standardization of taxes deducted at source; and (v) tax relief for newly
incorporated companies. All cantons met the eight-year timetable (terminating on January 1,
2001) for aligning their tax legislation with the framework law.
As all three levels of government are empowered to levy taxes and there is tax competition
among both cantons and communes, taxpayers in similar economic situations may be subject
to different effective tax rates depending on where they reside. There is a significant volume
of tax expenditures at both the federal and cantonal level, and additional tax exemptions have
been introduced in recent years (see also paragraph 41).
Tax administration
15.
Tax administration is clearly defined and well coordinated with overall fiscal
management.
1.2.2
Excise duties, customs duties, and VAT are administered by the federation; personal and
company income taxes and wealth taxes are administered by the cantons. Various other taxes
are also collected by the cantons and communes. Both the Federal Tax Administration (FTA)
and Federal Customs Administration (FCA) are organizations within the federal Department
of Finance, with a large measure of independence on a day-to-day basis, but no constitutional
or legal autonomy (see also paragraph 61).
13
16.
Taxpayers’ legal rights are defined, and the appeals of tax or nontax obligations
are considered in a timely manner.
1.2.2
There are established and well respected procedures for the tax appeal process. In the first
instance, appeals by taxpayers against decisions taken by the tax and customs administrations
(federal or cantonal) regarding interpretation of the tax laws and codes are heard by the
administration itself who has a duty to ensure that the tax law is applied correctly. The
administration provides a ruling on the case which, if in favor of the authority, the taxpayer
may appeal to a court; the appeal procedures vary from tax to tax.14 For customs’ matters,
legal rights are defined in the Customs Law (Art. 116); appeals are considered in a timely
manner, and are made public.15 Unlike in some other countries, however, the rulings of the
tax administration are not made public. Taxpayers have the right to professional
representation in their dealings with the tax and customs administrations.
Public consultation
17.
The influence of the public on proposed laws, regulatory changes, and broader
policy changes is unusually high.
1.2.3
Reflecting the unique institutional character of the government system, the voter/citizen is
much closer to government policy decision making in Switzerland than in other countries.
With the signatures of 100,000 people, a so-called popular initiative can be launched and a
change of the Federal Constitution can be proposed. The people also have the right to
referenda if 50,000 signatures are collected within 100 days. The Public Hearing Process
(Vernehmlassungsverfahren) comprises expert-based discussions and a consultation
procedure whereby the government involves political parties, economic and social groups,
and international and national experts in the preparation of legislation.
Legal framework for liability and asset management
18.
There is a clear framework for managing federal debt.
1.2.5
The legal framework for federal debt management is contained in the Budget Law
(Arts. 60-62), and the Budget Regulations (Arts. 70-74). There is no special public debt law.
Debt management at the level of the federation is the responsibility of the treasury, a unit
14 In the case of the federal income tax, for example, the details are stated in the federal income tax law
(Bundesgesatz über die direkte Bundessteuer). According to the law, a taxpayer has the right to appeal before
the cantonal tax authority against a tax provision within 30 days (Art. 132). If the appeal is dismissed by the
cantonal tax authority, the taxpayer may appeal again within 30 days before the cantonal tax commission
(Steuerrekurskommission, Art. 140). Finally, the taxpayer may appeal before the Federal Supreme Court of
Switzerland (Bundesgericht, Art. 146).
15 http://www.ezv.admin.ch/dokumentation/00474/index.html?lang+de.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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