Military reference books and manuals (2009-2023, Volume 3)

ATTACHMENT B

Particular Tings to be Seized

I. Information to be disclosed by [EMAIL PROVIDER]

To the extent that the information described in Attachment A is within

the possession, custody, or control of [EMAIL PROVIDER], [EMAIL PRO-

VIDER] is required to disclose the following information to the government

for each account or identifier listed in Attachment A:

a. Te contents of all emails stored in the account, including copies of

emails sent from the account;

b. All records or other information regarding the identification of the

account, to include full name, physical address, telephone numbers and other

identifiers, records of session times and durations, the date on which the ac-

count was created, the length of service, the types of service utilized, the IP

address used to register the account, log-in IP addresses associated with session

times and dates, account status, alternative email addresses provided during

registration, methods of connecting, log files, and means and source of pay-

ment (including any credit or bank account number);

c. All records or other information stored by an individual using the

account, including address books, contact and buddy lists, pictures, and files;

d. All records pertaining to communications between [EMAIL PRO-

VIDER] and any person regarding the account, including contacts with sup-

port services and records of actions taken.

II. Information to be seized by the government

All information described above in Section I that constitutes fruits, evi-

dence and instrumentalities of violations of the statutes listed on the warrant

involving [SUSPECT] since [DATE], including, for each account or identifier

listed on Attachment A, information pertaining to the following matters:

a. [Insert specific descriptions of the electronic mail which your prob-

able cause supports seizure and copying of; examples: “the sale of illegal drugs”

“a threat to bomb a laboratory,” “communications between John and Mary,”

“preparatory steps taken in furtherance of the scheme”. Tailor the list to items

that would be helpful to the investigation.]

Appendix I

261

Appendix J

Sample Consent Form

for Computer Search

CONSENT TO SEARCH COMPUTER/ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT

_____________________________, have been asked to give my

consent to the search of my computer/electronic equipment. I have also been

informed of my right to refuse to consent to such a search.

I hereby authorize ________________________ and any other person(s)

designated by [insert Agency/Department] to conduct at any time a complete

search of:

¤ All computer/electronic equipment located at ___________________

_________________________. Tese persons are authorized by me to take

from the above location: any computer hardware and storage media, including

internal hard disk drive(s), floppy diskettes, compact disks, scanners, printers,

other computer/electronic hardware or software and related manuals; any

other electronic storage devices, including but not limited to, personal digital

assistants, cellular telephones, and electronic pagers; and any other media or

materials necessary to assist in accessing the stored electronic data.

¤ Te following electronic devices:

[Description of computers, data storage devices, cellular telephone, or

other devices (makes, models, and serial numbers, if available)]

I certify that I own, possess, control, and/or have a right of access to these

devices and all information found in them. I understand that any contraband

or evidence on these devices may be used against me in a court of law.

I relinquish any constitutional right to privacy in these electronic devices

and any information stored on them. I authorize [insert Agency/Department] to

make and keep a copy of any information stored on these devices. I understand

that any copy made by [insert Agency/Department] will become the property

263

of [insert Agency/Department] and that I will have no privacy or possessory

interest in the copy.

Tis written permission is given by me voluntarily. I have not been

threatened, placed under duress, or promised anything in exchange for my

consent. I have read this form; it has been read to me; and I understand it. I

understand the _____________ language and have been able to communicate

with the agents/officers.

I understand that I may withdraw my consent at any time. I may also ask

for a receipt for all things turned over.

Signed: ________________ Signature of Witnesses: _______________

Date and Time:__________ Date and Time:_______________

264

Searching and Seizing Computers

Table of Cases

Adams v. City of Battle Creek, 250 F.3d 980 (6th Cir. 2001)

180

Adams v. Sumner, 39 F.3d 933 (9th Cir. 1994)

177

Alderman v. United States, 394 U.S. 165 (1969)

184

Amati v. City of Woodstock, 176 F.3d 952 (7th Cir. 1999)

181

American Postal Workers Union, Columbus Area Local AFL-CIO v.

United States Postal Service, 871 F.2d 556 (6th Cir. 1989)

26, 48

Ameritech Corp. v. McCann, 403 F.3d 908 (7th Cir. 2005)

143

Amezquita v. Hernandez-Colon, 518 F.2d 8 (1st Cir. 1975)

187

Andersen Consulting LLP v. UOP, 991 F. Supp. 1041 (N.D. Ill. 1998)

120, 135

Anderson v. Creighton, 483 U.S. 635 (1987)

190

Andresen v. Maryland, 427 U.S. 463 (1976)

70, 81, 87, 113

Anonymous v. Anonymous, 558 F.2d 677 (2d Cir. 1977)

180

Arizona v. Gant, 129 S. Ct. 1710 (2009)

Bailey v. Bailey, 2008 WL 324156 (E.D. Mich. Feb. 6, 2008)

125

Bansal v. Russ, 513 F. Supp. 2d 264 (E.D. Pa. 2007)

125

Barnes v. State of Missouri, 960 F.2d 63 (8th Cir. 1992)

104

Becker v. Toca, 2008 WL 4443050 (E.D. La. Sept. 26, 2008)

119

Berger v. New York, 388 U.S. 41 (1967)

1, 7, 185

Berglund v. City of Maplewood, 173 F. Supp. 2d 935 (D. Minn. 2001)

104, 108

Berry v. Funk, 146 F.3d 1003 (D.C. Cir. 1998)

170, 186, 290

Biby v. Board of Regents, 419 F.3d 845 (8th Cir. 2005)

45, 149

Black v. United St`ates, 172 F.R.D. 511 (S.D. Fla. 1997)

110

Blair v. United States, 250 U.S. 273 (1919)

142

Blake v. Wright, 179 F.3d 1003 (6th Cir. 1999)

189

Bohach v. City of Reno, 932 F. Supp. 1232 (D. Nev. 1996)

49, 117, 166

Borninski v. Williamson, 2005 WL 1206872 (N.D. Tex. May 17, 2005)

171

Boyd v. United States, 116 U.S. 616 (1886)

101

Briggs v. Am. Air Filter Co., 630 F.2d 414 (5th Cir. 1980)

179

Brigham City v. Stuart, 547 U.S. 398 (2006)

28, 90

Brinegar v. United States, 338 U.S. 160 (1949)

Brown v. Texas, 163 S.W.3d 818 (Tex. App. 2005)

200

Brown v. Waddell, 50 F.3d 285 (4th Cir. 1995)

123, 152

Bubis v. United States, 384 F.2d 643 (9th Cir. 1967)

174

Burns v. Reed, 500 U.S. 478 (1991)

190

California v. Greenwood, 486 U.S. 35 (1988)

Camara v. Municipal Court, 387 U.S. 523 (1967)

Cardinal Health 414, Inc. v. Adams, 482 F. Supp. 2d 967 (M.D. Tenn. 2008)

125

265

Carpa v. Smith, 2000 WL 189678 (9th Cir. Feb. 15, 2000)

107

Chandler v. United States Army, 125 F.3d 1296 (9th Cir. 1997)

7, 186

Chimel v. California, 395 U.S. 752 (1969)

Colorado v. Bertine, 479 U.S. 367 (1987)

Commonwealth v. Hinds, 768 N.E.2d 1067 (Mass. 2002)

Coolidge v. New Hampshire, 403 U.S. 443 (1971)

Couch v. United States, 409 U.S. 322 (1973)

Crawford v. Washington, 541 U.S. 36 (2004)

196, 200

Crowley v. CyberSource Corp., 166 F. Supp. 2d 1263 (N.D. Cal. 2001)

118

Cupp v. Murphy, 412 U.S. 291 (1973)

Dalia v. United States, 441 U.S. 238 (1979)

Davis v. Gracey, 111 F.3d 1472 (10th Cir. 1997)

70, 75, 97, 104, 108, 112

Davis v. Zirkelbach, 149 F.3d 614 (7th Cir. 1998)

190

Deal v. Spears, 980 F.2d 1153 (8th Cir. 1992)

170, 180

DeMaine v. Samuels, 2000 WL 1658586 (D. Conn. Sept. 25, 2000)

49, 54

DeMassa v. Nunez, 747 F.2d 1283 (9th Cir. 1984)

111

DePugh v. Sutton, 917 F. Supp. 690 (W.D. Mo. 1996)

104, 108

Doe v. United States, 805 F. Supp. 1513 (D. Haw. 1992)

206

Donovan v. Lone Steer, Inc., 464 U.S. 408 (1984)

145

Dyer v. Northwest Airlines Corp., 334 F. Supp. 2d 1196 (D.N.D. 2004)

118

Ex Parte Jackson, 96 U.S. (6 Otto) 727 (1877)

Ex Parte United States, 287 U.S. 241 (1932)

Fajardo v. State, 859 N.E. 2d 1201 (Ind. 2007)

206

Flagg v. City of Detroit, 252 F.R.D. 346 (E.D. Mich. 2008)

120

Florida v. Jimeno, 500 U.S. 248 (1991)

Florida v. Wells, 495 U.S. 1 (1990)

Floyd v. United States, 860 F.2d 999 (10th Cir. 1988)

Fraser v. Nationwide Mut. Ins. Co., 135 F. Supp. 2d 623

(E.D. Pa. 2001)

124

Fraser v. Nationwide Mut. Ins. Co., 352 F.3d 107

(3d Cir. 2003)

117, 124, 166

Freedman v. America Online, Inc., 325 F. Supp. 2d 638

(E.D. Va. 2004)

117

Freedman v. American Online, Inc., 303 F. Supp. 2d 121

(D. Conn. 2004)

148

Freedom Calls Found. v. Bukstel, 2006 WL 845509

(E.D.N.Y. 2006)

177

Freeman v. DirecTV, Inc., 457 F.3d 1001 (9th Cir. 2006)

148

FTC v. Netscape Commc’ns Corp., 196 F.R.D. 559

(N.D. Cal. 2000)

129

266

Searching and Seizing Computers

Georgia v. Randolph, 547 U.S. 103 (2006)

22, 28

Glazner v. Glazner, 347 F.3d 1212 (11th Cir. 2003)

180

Gossmeyer v. McDonald, 128 F.3d 481, 492 (7th Cir. 1997)

Gregoire v. Biddle, 177 F.2d 579 (2d Cir. 1949)

188

Griffin v. Wisconsin, 483 U.S. 868 (1987)

Griggs-Ryan v. Smith, 904 F.2d 112 (1st Cir. 1990)

170

Guest v. Leis, 255 F.3d 325 (6th Cir. 2001)

5, 8, 35, 77, 104, 106, 145

Haag v. United States, 485 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2007)

191

Hall v. EarthLink Network, Inc., 396 F.3d 500 (2d Cir. 2005)

181

Hallinan v. Mitchell, 418 F. Supp. 1056 (N.D. Cal. 1976)

181

Harlow v. Fitzgerald, 457 U.S. 800 (1982)

190

Heggy v. Heggy, 944 F.2d 1537 (10th Cir. 1991)

189

Hepting v. AT&T Corp., 439 F. Supp. 2d 974 (N.D. Cal. 2006)

190

Herring v. United States, 129 S. Ct. 695, 702 (2009)

Hessel v. O’Hearn, 977 F.2d 299 (7th Cir. 1992)

Hill v. MCI WorldCom Commc’ns, Inc., 120 F. Supp. 2d 1194

(S.D. Iowa 2000)

122

Hoffa v. United States, 385 U.S. 293 (1966)

8, 144

Horton v. California, 496 U.S. 128 (1990)

34, 91

Hudson v. Michigan, 547 U.S. 586 (2006)

80, 95

Hughes v. United States, 953 F.2d 531 (9th Cir. 1992)

195

Hurtado v. United States, 410 U.S. 578 (1973)

142

Ideal Aerosmith, Inc. v. Acutronic USA, Inc., 2007 WL 4394447

(E.D. Pa. 2007)

177

Illinois v. Andreas, 463 U.S. 765 (1983)

Illinois v. Gates, 462 U.S. 213 (1983)

Illinois v. Krull, 480 U.S. 340 (1987)

147

Illinois v. Lafayette, 462 U.S. 640 (1983)

Illinois v. McArthur, 531 U.S. 326 (2001)

12, 28

Illinois v. Rodriguez, 497 U.S. 177 (1990)

1, 21, 23

In re Application of United States, 2007 WL 3036849 (S. D. Tex. 2007)

156

In re Application of United States, 2008 WL 5082506 (E.D.N.Y. 2008)

160

In re Application of United States, 349 F.3d 1132 (9th Cir. 2003)

118, 163

In re Application of United States, 396 F. Supp. 2d 294 (E.D.N.Y. 2005)

153, 160

In re Application of United States, 396 F. Supp. 2d 45, 49 (D. Mass. 2005)

155

In re Application of United States, 405 F. Supp. 2d 435, 449 (S.D.N.Y. 2005)

159

In re Application of United States, 416 F. Supp. 2d 13 (D.D.C. 2006)

153, 155, 164

In re Application of United States, 416 F. Supp. 2d 390 (D. Md. 2006)

160

In re Application of United States, 433 F. Supp. 2d 804 (S.D. Tex. 2006)

160

In re Application of United States, 441 F. Supp. 2d 816 (S.D. Tex. 2006)

156

In re Application of United States, 460 F. Supp. 2d 448 (S.D.N.Y. 2006)

160

Table of Cases

267

In re Application of United States, 509 F. Supp. 76 (D. Mass. 2007)

117, 122

In re Application of United States, 846 F. Supp. 1555 (M.D. Fla. 1994)

155, 158

In re Doubleclick Inc. Privacy Litigation, 154 F. Supp. 2d 497

(S.D.N.Y. 2001)

118, 124

In re F.P., 878 A.2d 91 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2005)

198

In re Grand Jury Investigation Concerning Solid State Devices, 130 F.3d 853

(9th Cir. 1997)

70, 73, 98

In re Grand Jury Proceedings, 827 F.2d 301 (8th Cir. 1987)

In re Grand Jury Subpoenas, 454 F.3d 511 (6th Cir. 2006)

110

In re Grand Jury, 111 F.3d 1066 (3d Cir. 1997)

186

In re Homestore.com, Inc. Securities Lit., 347 F. Supp. 2d 769 (C.D. Cal. 2004)

203

In re Jetblue Airways Corp. Privacy Litigation, 379 F. Supp. 2d 299

(E.D.N.Y. 2005)

118

In re Pharmatrak, Inc. Privacy Litigation, 329 F.3d 9 (1st Cir. 2003)

153, 166, 170

In re Search of 3817 W. West End, 321 F. Supp. 2d 953 (N.D. Ill. 2004)

In re Search of 5444 Westheimer Road, 2006 WL 1881370

(S.D. Tex. Jul. 6, 2006)

In re Search of Kitty’s East, 905 F.2d 1367 (10th Cir. 1990)

In re Search of Law Office, 341 F.3d 404 (5th Cir. 2003)

In re Search of Yahoo, Inc., 2007 WL 1539971 (D. Ariz. May 21, 2007)

134

In re Search Warrant Executed February 1, 1995, 1995 WL 406276

(S.D.N.Y. Jul. 7, 1995)

In re Search Warrant, 153 F.R.D. 55 (S.D.N.Y. 1994)

111

In Re Search Warrant, 2005 WL 3844032 (M.D. Fla. 2006)

134

In re Searches of Semtex Indus. Corp., 876 F. Supp. 426 (E.D.N.Y. 1995)

In the Matter of Search Warrant for K-Sports Imports, Inc., 163 F.R.D. 594

(C.D. Cal. 1995)

100

J.L. Foti Constr. Co. v. Donovan, 786 F.2d 714 (6th Cir. 1986)

Jacobson v. Rose, 592 F.2d 515 (9th Cir. 1978)

189

James v. Newspaper Agency Corp., 591 F.2d 579 (10th Cir. 1979)

180

Jessup-Morgan v. America Online, Inc., 20 F. Supp. 2d 1105 (E.D. Mich. 1998)

122

Johnson v. United States, 971 F. Supp. 862 (D.N.J. 1997)

100

Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347 (1967)

2, 5

Kaufman v. Nest Seekers, LLC, 2006 WL 2807177 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 26, 2006)

117

Kempf v. Kempf, 868 F.2d 970 (8th Cir. 1989)

180

Kilgore v. Mitchell, 623 F.2d 631 (9th Cir. 1980)

189

Konop v. Hawaiian Airlines, Inc., 302 F.3d 868 (9th Cir. 2002)

164, 166

Kyllo v. United States, 533 U.S. 27 (2001)

2, 14, 268

Lambert v. Polk County, 723 F. Supp. 128 (S.D. Iowa 1989)

108

Laughner v. State, 769 N.E. 2d 1147 (Ind. Ct. App. 2002)

206

268

Searching and Seizing Computers

Leventhal v. Knapek, 266 F.3d 64 (2d Cir. 2001)

50, 55

Lexington Ins. Co. v. W. Penn. Hosp., 423 F.3d 318 (3d Cir. 2005)

191

Lonegan v. Hasty, 436 F. Supp. 2d 419 (E.D.N.Y. 2006)

189

Lorraine v. Markel American Ins. Co., 241 F.R.D. 534 (D. Md. 2007)

198

Mancusi v. DeForte, 392 U.S. 364 (1968)

Manno v. Christie, 2008 WL 4058016 (D.N.J. Aug. 22, 2008)

Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643 (1961)

187

Marron v. United States, 275 U.S. 192 (1927)

Mason v. Pulliam, 557 F.2d 426 (5th Cir. 1977)

McClelland v. McGrath, 31 F. Supp. 2d 616 (N.D. Ill. 1998)

174, 190

McGann v. Northeast Illinois Regional Commuter R.R. Corp., 8 F.3d 1174

(7th Cir. 1993)

Melendez-Diaz v. Massachusetts, 129 S.Ct. 2527, 2532 (2009)

196, 200

Mincey v. Arizona, 437 U.S. 385 (1978)

Mink v. Suthers, 482 F.3d 1244 (10th Cir. 2007)

103

Muick v. Glenayre Electronics, 280 F.3d 741 (7th Cir. 2002)

Narducci v. Village of Bellwood, 444 F. Supp. 2d 924 (N.D. Ill. 2006)

National Treasury Employees Union v. Von Raab, 489 U.S. 656 (1989)

New Jersey v. T.L.O., 469 U.S. 325 (1985)

Newfield v. Ryan, 91 F.2d 700 (5th Cir. 1937)

146

Novak v. Tucows, Inc., 2007 WL 922306 (E.D.N.Y. Mar. 26, 2007)

205

O’Connor v. Ortega, 480 U.S. 709 (1987)

2, 26, 42, 45, 51, 56, 268, 279, 283

Obron Atlantic Corp. v. Barr, 990 F.2d 861 (6th Cir. 1993)

169

Oklahoma Press Publ’g Co. v. Walling, 327 U.S. 186 (1946)

145

Oliver v. United States, 466 U.S. 170 (1984)

Organizacion JD Ltda. v. United States Dep’t of Justice, 124 F.3d 354

(2d Cir. 1997)

128

Ortega v. O’Connor, 146 F.3d 1149 (9th Cir. 1998)

Payton v. New York, 445 U.S. 573, 589-90 (1980)

People v. Emerson, 766 N.Y.S.2d 482, 488 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. 2003)

Potter v. Havlicek, 2007 WL 539534 (S.D. Ohio Feb. 14, 2007)

165

Powell v. Tordoff, 911 F. Supp. 1184 (N.D. Iowa 1995)

108

Pritchard v. Pritchard, 732 F.2d 372 (4th Cir. 1984)

180

Quon v. Arch Wireless Operating Co., 529 F.3d 892

(9th Cir. 2008)

9, 26, 50, 117, 120, 145

Table of Cases

269

Rakas v. Illinois, 439 U.S. 128 (1978)

2, 187, 209

Ramsden v. United States, 2 F.3d 322 (9th Cir. 1993)

Roberts v. Americable Int’l, Inc., 883 F. Supp. 499 (E.D. Cal. 1995)

169

Ross v. Hinton, 740 F. Supp. 451 (S.D. Ohio 1990)

Rossi v. Town of Pelham, 35 F. Supp. 2d. 58 (D.N.H. 1997)

46, 53

S.H.A.R.K. v. Metro Parks Serving Summit County, 499 F.3d 553

(6th Cir. 2007)

104, 106

Samson v. California, 547 U.S. 843 (2006)

Schneckloth v. Bustamonte, 412 U.S. 218 (1973)

Schowengerdt v. United States, 944 F.2d 483 (9th Cir. 1991)

Schwimmer v. United States, 232 F.2d 855 (8th Cir. 1956)

146

SEC v. Jerry T. O’Brien, Inc., 467 U.S. 735 (1984)

8, 146

Security and Law Enforcement Employees, Dist. Council 82 v. Carey,

737 F.2d 187 (2d Cir. 1984)

See v. City of Seattle, 387 U.S. 541 (1967)

146

Sega Enterprises Ltd. v. MAPHIA, 948 F. Supp. 923 (N.D. Cal. 1996)

118

Segura v. United States, 468 U.S. 796 (1984)

Sheppard v. Beerman, 18 F.3d 147 (2d Cir. 1994)

Shields v. Burge, 874 F.2d 1201 (7th Cir. 1989)

Simpson v. Simpson, 490 F.2d 803 (5th Cir. 1974)

180

Skinner v. Railway Labor Executives’ Ass’n, 489 U.S. 602 (1989)

12, 45

Smith v. Maryland, 442 U.S. 735 (1979)

8, 144, 187

Snow v. DirecTV, Inc., 2005 WL 1226158 (M.D. Fla. May 9, 2005)

124

Snow v. DirecTV, Inc., 450 F.3d 1314 (11th Cir. 2006)

182

South Dakota v. Opperman, 428 U.S. 364 (1976)

St. Luke’s Cataract and Laser Institute v. Sanderson, 2006 WL 1320242

(M.D. Fla. May 12, 2006)

205

Standard Drywall, Inc. v. United States, 668 F.2d 156 (2d Cir. 1982)

State v. One (1) Pioneer CD-ROM Changer, 891 P.2d 600 (Okla. App. 1994)

108

State Wide Photocopy, Corp. v. Tokai Fin. Servs., Inc., 909 F. Supp. 137

(S.D.N.Y. 1995)

118

Steve Jackson Games, Inc. v. Secret Service, 816 F. Supp. 432

(W.D. Tex. 1993)

103, 106, 112, 119

Steve Jackson Games, Inc. v. United States Secret Service, 36 F.3d 457

(5th Cir. 1994)

123, 165, 184

Tapley v. Collins, 211 F.3d 1210 (11th Cir. 2000)

189

Telewizja Polska USA, Inc. v. Echostar Satellite Corp., 2004 WL 2367740

(N.D. Ill. Oct. 15, 2004)

204

Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1 (1968)

21, 131

Teofel v. Farey-Jones, 359 F.3d 1066 (9th Cir. 2004)

123, 138

Tomas v. Pearl, 998 F.2d 447 (7th Cir. 1993)

168

270

Searching and Seizing Computers

Tornton v. United States, 541 U.S. 615 (2004)

Trulock v. Freeh, 275 F.3d 391 (4th Cir. 2001)

3, 20, 22

United States Telecom Ass’n v. FCC, 227 F.3d 450 (D.C. Cir. 2000)

152, 156

United States v. Abbell, 963 F. Supp. 1178 (S.D. Fla. 1997)

75, 111

United States v. Adjani, 452 F.3d 1140 (9th Cir. 2006)

36, 68, 70, 73, 79

United States v. Albert, 195 F. Supp. 2d 267 (D. Mass. 2002)

United States v. Allen, 106 F.3d 695 (6th Cir. 1997)

United States v. Allen, 234 F.3d 1278, 2000 WL 1160830

(9th Cir. Aug. 11, 2000)

206

United States v. Allen, 53 M.J. 402 (C.A.A.F. 2000)

122

United States v. Al-Marri, 230 F. Supp. 2d 535 (S.D.N.Y. 2002)

3, 17

United States v. Amen, 831 F.2d 373 (2d Cir. 1987)

170

United States v. Anderson, 2007 WL 1121319 (N.D. Ind. Apr. 16, 2007)

11, 24

United States v. Andreas, 216 F.3d 645 (7th Cir. 2000)

169

United States v. Andrus, 483 F.3d 711 (10th Cir. 2007)

3, 22, 24, 87

United States v. Angevine, 281 F.3d 1130 (10th Cir. 2002)

49, 171

United States v. Arnold, 523 F.3d 941 (9th Cir. 2008)

United States v. Auler, 539 F.2d 642 (7th Cir. 1976)

173

United States v. Bach, 310 F.3d 1063 (8th Cir. 2002)

134

United States v. Bailey, 272 F. Supp. 2d 822 (D. Neb. 2003)

United States v. Barr, 605 F. Supp. 114 (S.D.N.Y. 1985)

146

United States v. Barrows, 481 F.3d 1246 (10th Cir. 2007)

5, 47

United States v. Barry, 853 F.2d 1479 (8th Cir. 1988)

United States v. Barth, 26 F. Supp. 2d 929 (W.D. Tex. 1998)

12, 24

United States v. Beckett, 544 F. Supp. 2d 1346 (S.D. Fla. 2008)

United States v. Bellomo, 176 F.3d 580 (2d Cir. 1999)

193

United States v. Bennett, 363 F.3d 947 (9th Cir. 2004)

205

United States v. Berkos, 543 F.3d 392 (7th Cir. 2008)

134

United States v. Bermudez, 2006 WL 3197181 (S.D. Ind. June 30, 2006)

United States v. Beusch, 596 F.2d 871 (9th Cir. 1979)

United States v. Bilanzich, 771 F.2d 292 (7th Cir. 1985)

United States v. Birrell, 269 F. Supp. 716 (S.D.N.Y. 1967)

United States v. Blackburn, 992 F.2d 666 (7th Cir. 1993)

194

United States v. Blas, 1990 WL 265179 (E.D. Wis. Dec. 4, 1990)

United States v. Block, 590 F.2d 535 (4th Cir. 1978)

23, 24

United States v. Blok, 188 F.2d 1019 (D.C. Cir. 1951)

United States v. Bonallo, 858 F.2d 1427 (9th Cir. 1988)

202

United States v. Briscoe, 896 F.2d 1476 (7th Cir. 1990)

191, 195, 200

United States v. Brookes, 2005 WL 1940124 (D.V.I. Jun. 16, 2005)

United States v. Brooks, 427 F.3d 1246 (10th Cir. 2005)

19, 79, 81, 89

United States v. Brunette, 76 F. Supp. 2d 30 (D. Me. 1999)

82, 94

United States v. Bryant, 1995 WL 555700 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 18, 1995)

100

United States v. Buckner, 407 F. Supp. 2d 777 (W.D. Va. 2006)

United States v. Buckner, 473 F.3d 551 (4th Cir. 2007)

3, 15

Table of Cases

271

United States v. Buettner-Janusch, 646 F.2d 759 (2d Cir. 1981)

United States v. Buitrago Pelaez, 961 F. Supp. 64 (S.D.N.Y. 1997)

United States v. Bunkers, 521 F.2d 1217 (9th Cir. 1975)

United States v. Burke, 517 F.2d 377 (2d Cir. 1975)

United States v. Burnette, 698 F.2d 1038 (1983)

United States v. Burns, 2008 WL 4542990 (N.D. Ill. Apr. 29, 2008)

United States v. Burt, 495 F.3d 733 (7th Cir. 2007)

195

United States v. Butler, 151 F. Supp. 2d 82 (D. Me. 2001

United States v. Camacho, 368 F.3d 1182 (9th Cir. 2004)

United States v. Campagnuolo, 592 F.2d 852 (5th Cir. 1979)

170

United States v. Campos, 221 F.3d 1143 (10th Cir. 2000)

United States v. Carey, 172 F.3d 1268 (10th Cir. 1999)

5, 17, 35, 72, 89

United States v. Caron, 2004 WL 438685 (D. Me. Mar. 9, 2004)

United States v. Carter, 549 F. Supp. 2d 1257 (D. Nev. 2008)

United States v. Cartier, 543 F.3d 442 (8th Cir. 2008)

United States v. Cassiere, 4 F.3d 1006 (1st Cir. 1993)

169

United States v. Castro, 596 F.2d 674 (5th Cir. 1979)

United States v. Catabran, 836 F.2d 453 (9th Cir. 1988)

195, 201, 207

United States v. Caymen, 404 F.3d 1196 (9th Cir. 2005)

United States v. Cestnik, 36 F.3d 904 (10th Cir. 1994)

195

United States v. Chadwick, 433 U.S. 1 (1977)

United States v. Chan, 830 F. Supp. 531 (N.D. Cal. 1993)

3, 32

United States v. Charbonneau, 979 F. Supp. 1177 (S.D. Ohio 1997)

United States v. Conley, 531 F.3d 56 (1st Cir. 2008)

171

United States v. Coreas, 419 F.3d 151 (2d Cir. 2005)

United States v. Cote, 2005 WL 1323343 (N.D. Ill. May 26, 2005)

United States v. Councilman, 418 F.3d 67 (1st Cir. 2005)

166, 174

United States v. Cox, 190 F. Supp. 2d 330 (N.D.N.Y. 2002)

United States v. Crabtree, 565 F.3d 887 (4th Cir. 2009)

186

United States v. Craig, 573 F.2d 455 (7th Cir. 1977)

169

United States v. Curry, 2008 WL 219966 (D. Me. Jan. 23, 2008)

United States v. David, 756 F. Supp. 1385 (D. Nev. 1991)

5, 28

United States v. Davis, 1 F.3d 1014 (10th Cir. 1993)

172

United States v. Denman, 100 F.3d 399 (5th Cir. 1996)

United States v. Dennis, 2007 WL 3400500 (E.D. Ky. Nov. 13, 2007)

United States v. Dioguardi, 428 F.2d 1033 (2d Cir. 1970)

201

United States v. Dionisio, 410 U.S. 1 (1973)

145

United States v. Doan, 2007 WL 2247657 (7th Cir. Aug. 6, 2007)

United States v. Doe, 61 F.3d 107 (1st Cir. 1995)

United States v. Donnes, 947 F.2d 1430 (10th Cir. 1991)

United States v. Duran, 957 F.2d 499 (7th Cir. 1992)

United States v. Durham, 1998 WL 684241 (D. Kan. Sept. 11, 1998)

United States v. East Side Ophthalmology, 1996 WL 384891

(S.D.N.Y. Jul. 9, 1996)

United States v. Edwards, 415 U.S. 800 (1974)

United States v. Ellis, 460 F.3d 920 (7th Cir. 2006)

196

272

Searching and Seizing Computers

United States v. Ellis, 547 F.2d 863 (5th Cir. 1977)

United States v. Evanson, 2007 WL 4299191 (D. Utah Dec. 5, 2007)

United States v. Ewain, 88 F.3d 689 (9th Cir. 1996)

United States v. Falso, 544 F.3d 110 (2d Cir. 2008)

United States v. Ferguson, 508 F. Supp. 2d 7 (D.D.C. 2007)

147

United States v. Finley, 477 F.3d 250 (5th Cir. 2007)

United States v. Flanders, 468 F.3d 269 (5th Cir. 2006)

United States v. Fleet Management Ltd., 521 F. Supp. 2d 436 (E.D. Pa. 2007)

United States v. Flores, 122 F. Supp. 2d 491 (S.D.N.Y. 2000)

United States v. Flores-Montano, 541 U.S. 149 (2004)

United States v. Ford, 184 F.3d 566 (6th Cir. 1999)

United States v. Ford, 553 F.2d 146 (D.C. Cir. 1977)

185

United States v. Forrester, 512 F.3d 500 (9th Cir. 2008)

9, 145, 152, 184, 187

United States v. Foster, 100 F.3d 846 (10th Cir. 1996)

United States v. Frechette, 2008 WL 4287818 (W.D. Mich. Sept. 17, 2008)

United States v. Freeman, 524 F.2d 337 (7th Cir. 1975)

174

United States v. Fregoso, 60 F.3d 1314 (8th Cir. 1995)

9, 155, 184

United States v. Froman, 355 F.3d 882 (5th Cir. 2004)

United States v. Fujii, 301 F.3d 535 (7th Cir. 2002)

191, 195

United States v. Fumo, 2007 WL 3232112 (E.D. Pa. Oct. 30, 2007)

82, 88

United States v. Gagliardi, 506 F.3d 140 (2d Cir. 2007)

197, 199, 203

United States v. Galante, 1995 WL 507249 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 25, 1995)

United States v. Gargiso, 456 F.2d 584 (2d Cir. 1972)

United States v. Gawrysiak, 972 F. Supp. 853 (D.N.J. 1997)

72, 97

United States v. Giannetta, 909 F.2d 571 (1st Cir. 1990)

United States v. Giberson, 527 F.3d 882 (9th Cir. 2008)

64, 72, 74, 77, 81

United States v. Gines-Perez, 214 F. Supp. 2d 205 (D.P.R. 2002)

United States v. Giordano, 416 U.S. 505 (1974)

183, 185

United States v. Glasser, 773 F.2d 1553 (11th Cir. 1985)

202

United States v. Gomez-Soto, 723 F.2d 649 (9th Cir. 1984)

United States v. Goree, 2002 WL 31050979 (6th Cir. Sept. 12, 2002)

United States v. Gorrell, 360 F. Supp. 2d 48 (D.D.C. 2004)

United States v. Gorshkov, 2001 WL 1024026 (W.D. Wash. May 23, 2001)

6, 29

United States v. Gourde, 440 F.3d 1065 (9th Cir. 2006)

United States v. Grant, 218 F.3d 72 (1st Cir. 2000)

United States v. Grant, 434 F. Supp. 2d 735 (D. Neb. 2006)

United States v. Gray, 78 F. Supp. 2d 524 (E.D. Va. 1999)

United States v. Greiner, 2007 WL 2261642 (9th Cir. 2007)

171

United States v. Grimes, 244 F.3d 375 (5th Cir. 2001)

United States v. Grimmett, 2004 WL 3171788 (D. Kan. Aug. 10, 2004)

United States v. Grimmett, 439 F.3d 1263 (10th Cir. 2006)

36, 77, 89

United States v. Grosenheider, 200 F.3d 321 (5th Cir. 2000)

United States v. Grubbs, 547 U.S. 90 (2006)

70, 81, 83

United States v. Hagarty, 388 F.2d 713 (7th Cir. 1968)

United States v. Hall, 142 F.3d 988 (7th Cir. 1998)

United States v. Hambrick, 55 F. Supp. 2d 504 (W.D. Va. 1999)

147

Table of Cases

273

United States v. Hamilton, 413 F.3d 1138 (10th Cir. 2005)

192

United States v. Hammond, 286 F.3d 189 (4th Cir. 2002)

182

United States v. Hampe, 2007 WL 1192365 (D. Me. Apr. 18, 2007)

United States v. Hanson, 2007 WL 4287716 (D. Me. Dec. 5, 2007)

United States v. Hargus, 128 F.3d 1358 (10th Cir. 1997)

United States v. Harpel, 493 F.2d 346 (10th Cir. 1974)

180

United States v. Harvey, 540 F.2d 1345 (8th Cir. 1976)

173

United States v. Hay, 231 F.3d 630 (9th Cir. 2000)

69, 77, 88

United States v. Heckenkamp, 482 F.3d 1142 (9th Cir. 2007)

United States v. Heldt, 668 F.2d 1238 (D.C. Cir. 1982)

United States v. Henson, 848 F.2d 1374 (6th Cir. 1988)

71, 97

United States v. Hernandez, 183 F.2d 468 (D.P.R. 2002)

United States v. Herndon, 501 F.3d 683 (6th Cir. 2007)

34, 40

United States v. Herring, 993 F.2d 784 (11th Cir. 1993)

164

United States v. Hibble, 2006 WL 2620349 (D. Ariz. Sept. 11, 2006)

United States v. Hill, 19 F.3d 984 (5th Cir. 1994)

United States v. Hill, 322 F. Supp. 2d 1081 (C.D. Cal. 2004)

United States v. Hill, 459 F.3d 966 (9th Cir. 2016)

76, 78, 81, 97

United States v. Horn, 187 F.3d 781 (8th Cir. 1999)

63, 69

United States v. Horowitz, 806 F.2d 1222 (4th Cir. 1986)

United States v. Hudspeth, 518 F.3d 954 (8th Cir. 2008)

United States v. Huitt, 2007 WL 2355782 (D. Idaho Aug. 17, 2007)

United States v. Hunter, 13 F. Supp. 2d 574 (D. Vt. 1998)

73, 97, 106, 110

United States v. Ickes, 393 F.3d 501 (4th Cir. 2005)

United States v. Irving, 2003 WL 22127913 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 15, 2003)

United States v. Irving, 452 F.3d 110 (2d Cir. 2006)

39, 69

United States v. Jackson, 208 F.3d 633 (7th Cir. 2000)

204

United States v. Jackson, 488 F. Supp. 2d 866 (D. Neb. 2007)

201, 206

United States v. Jacobsen, 466 U.S. 109 (1984)

1, 10, 20

United States v. James, 353 F.3d 606 (8th Cir. 2003)

United States v. Jarrett, 338 F.3d 339 (4th Cir. 2003)

United States v. Jenkins, 46 F.3d 447 (5th Cir. 1995)

United States v. Johnson, 846 F.2d 279 (5th Cir. 1988)

United States v. Jones, 364 F. Supp. 2d 1303 (D. Utah 2005)

184

United States v. Jones, 451 F. Supp. 2d 71 (D.D.C. 2006)

166

United States v. Kahan, 350 F. Supp. 784 (S.D.N.Y. 1972)

United States v. Kassimu, 2006 WL 1880335 (5th Cir. Jul. 7, 2006)

199

United States v. Kearns, 2006 WL 2668544 (N.D. Ga. Feb. 21, 2006)

United States v. Kelley, 482 F.3d 1047 (9th Cir. 2007)

United States v. Kennedy, 81 F. Supp. 2d 1103 (D. Kan. 2000)

11, 131, 147

United States v. Khanani, 502 F.3d 1281 (11th Cir. 2007)

68, 82, 88, 96

United States v. Khorozian, 333 F.3d 498 (3d Cir. 2003)

192, 94

United States v. King, 509 F.3d 1338 (11th Cir. 2007)

5, 47

United States v. King, 55 F.3d 1193 (6th Cir. 1995)

United States v. Knights, 534 U.S. 112 (2001)

United States v. Kow, 58 F.3d 423 (9th Cir. 1995)

274

Searching and Seizing Computers

United States v. Lacy, 119 F.3d 742 (9th Cir. 1997)

69, 71, 75

United States v. Ladd, 885 F.2d 954 (1st Cir. 1989)

198

United States v. Lam Muk Chiu, 522 F.2d 330 (2d Cir. 1975)

United States v. Lamb, 945 F. Supp. 441 (N.D.N.Y. 1996)

70, 76, 98

United States v. Lambert, 771 F.2d 83 (6th Cir. 1985)

United States v. Lanoue, 71 F.3d 966 (1st Cir. 1995)

170

United States v. Larson, 66 M.J. 212 (2008)

United States v. Lasalle, 2007 WL 1390820 (D. Haw. May 9, 2007)

United States v. Latham, 2007 WL 4563459 (D. Nev. Dec. 18, 2007)

United States v. Lattimore, 87 F.3d 647 (4th Cir. 1996)

United States v. Lavin, 1992 WL 373486 (S.D.N.Y. Nov. 30, 1992)

United States v. Le, 173 F.3d 1258 (10th Cir. 1999)

United States v. Leary, 846 F.2d 592 (10th Cir. 1988)

United States v. Lemmons, 282 F.3d 920 (7th Cir. 2002)

United States v. Lewis, 406 F.3d 11 (1st Cir. 2005)

182

United States v. Lewis, 902 F.2d 1176 (5th Cir. 1990)

191

United States v. Licata, 761 F.2d 537 (9th Cir. 1985)

United States v. Lifshitz, 369 F.3d 173 (2d Cir. 2004)

United States v. Linarez-Delgado, 259 Fed. Appx. 506 (3d Cir. 2007)

United States v. Linn, 880 F.2d 209 (9th Cir. 1989)

201

United States v. Liu, 239 F.3d 138 (2d Cir. 2000)

United States v. Logan, 250 F.3d 350 (6th Cir. 2001)

United States v. London, 66 F.3d 1227 (1st Cir. 1995)

United States v. Long, 425 F.3d 482 (7th Cir. 2005)

19, 89

United States v. Long, 524 F.2d 660 (9th Cir. 1975)

United States v. Long, 64 M.J. 57 (C.A.A.F. 2006)

United States v. Longo, 70 F. Supp. 2d 225 (W.D.N.Y. 1999)

United States v. Lynch, 908 F. Supp. 284 (D.V.I. 1995)

3, 32

United States v. Lyons, 706 F.2d 321 (D.C. Cir. 1983)

United States v. Lyons, 992 F.2d 1029 (10th Cir. 1993)

United States v. Malbrough, 922 F.2d 458 (8th Cir. 1990)

United States v. Mancini, 8 F.3d 104 (1st Cir. 1993)

United States v. Marshall, 348 F.3d 281 (1st Cir. 2003)

United States v. Martin, 157 F.3d 46 (2d Cir. 1998)

United States v. Martin, 426 F.3d 68 (2d Cir. 2005)

United States v. Martinez-Zayas, 857 F.2d 122 (3d Cir. 1988)

United States v. Matias, 836 F.2d 744 (2d Cir. 1988)

United States v. Matlock, 415 U.S. 164 (1974)

16, 19, 146, 210

United States v. Maxwell, 45 M.J. 406 (C.A.A.F. 1996)

United States v. McAllister, 18 F.3d 1412 (7th Cir. 1994)

United States v. McLaren, 957 F. Supp. 215 (M.D. Fla. 1997)

174

United States v. Megahed, 2009 WL 722481 (M.D. Fla. Mar. 18, 2009)

United States v. Meienberg, 263 F.3d 1177 (10th Cir. 2001)

197

United States v. Mendoza, 421 F.3d 663 (8th Cir. 2005)

United States v. Mercado-Nava, 486 F. Supp. 2d 1271 (D. Kan. 2007)

32, 166

United States v. Meriwether, 917 F.2d 955 (6th Cir. 1990)

8, 104

Table of Cases

275

United States v. Milian-Rodriguez, 759 F.2d 1558 (11th Cir. 1985)

United States v. Miller, 152 F.3d 813 (8th Cir. 1998)

United States v. Miller, 425 U.S. 435 (1976)

8, 144

United States v. Miller, 688 F.2d 652 (9th Cir. 1982)

United States v. Molinaro, 877 F.2d 1341 (7th Cir. 1989)

United States v. Momoh, 427 F.3d 137 (1st Cir. 2005)

United States v. Monroe, 52 M.J. 326 (C.A.A.F. 2000)

United States v. Montoya de Hernandez, 473 U.S. 531 (1985)

United States v. Moon, 513 F.3d 527 (6th Cir. 2008)

207

United States v. Moore, 188 F.3d 516, 1999 WL 650568

(9th Cir. Aug. 25, 1999)

100

United States v. Moore, 923 F.2d 910 (1st Cir. 1991)

195, 198, 201

United States v. Morales-Ortiz, 376 F. Supp. 2d 1131 (D.N.M. 2004)

United States v. Morgan, 435 F.3d 660 (6th Cir. 2006)

United States v. Morton Salt Co., 338 U.S. 632 (1950)

128

United States v. Most, 876 F.2d 191 (D.C. Cir. 1989)

10, 43

United States v. Mullins, 992 F.2d 1472 (9th Cir. 1993)

117, 172

United States v. Murdock, 63 F.3d 1391 (6th Cir. 1995)

186

United States v. Murphy, 506 F.2d 529 (9th Cir. 1974)

21, 45

United States v. Mutschelknaus, 564 F. Supp. 2d 1072 (D.N.D. 2008)

86, 92

United States v. Neill, 952 F. Supp. 834 (D.D.C. 1997)

110

United States v. New York Tel. Co., 434 U.S. 159 (1977)

84, 92, 177

United States v. Newsom, 402 F.3d 780 (7th Cir. 2005)

United States v. O’Razvi, 1998 WL 405048 (S.D.N.Y. July 17, 1998)

United States v. Ochs, 595 F.2d 1247 (2d. Cir. 1979)

United States v. Ogden, 2008 WL 2247074 (W.D. Tenn. May 28, 2008)

United States v. Oriakhi, 57 F.3d 1290 (4th Cir. 1995)

United States v. Ortiz, 84 F.3d 977 (7th Cir. 1996)

29, 32

United States v. Otero, 563 F.3d 1127 (10th Cir. 2009)

United States v. Paige, 136 F.3d 1012 (5th Cir. 1998)

United States v. Palmer, 536 F.2d 1278 (9th Cir. 1976)

145

United States v. Parada, 289 F. Supp. 2d 1291 (D. Kan. 2003)

United States v. Park, 2007 WL 1521573 (N.D. Cal. May 23, 2007)

United States v. Paull, 551 F.3d 516 (6th Cir. 2009)

United States v. Payton, ___ F.3d ___, 2009 WL 2151348 (9th Cir. July 21, 2009)

65, 81

United States v. Pena, 143 F.3d 1363 (10th Cir. 1998)

United States v. Perez, 484 F.3d 735 (5th Cir. 2007)

United States v. Perrine, 518 F.3d 1196 (10th Cir. 2008)

9, 131, 145, 147

United States v. Pervaz, 118 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 1997)

12, 173, 175

United States v. Place, 462 U.S. 696 (1983)

United States v. Plavcak, 411 F.3d 655 (6th Cir. 2005)

United States v. Pontefract, 2008 WL 4461850 (W.D. La. Oct. 1, 2008)

United States v. Potts, 559 F. Supp. 2d 1162 (D. Kan. 2008)

United States v. Poulsen, 41 F.3d 1330 (9th Cir. 1994)

United States v. Premises Known as 608 Taylor Ave., 584 F.2d 1297 (3d Cir. 1978)

United States v. Presler, 610 F.2d 1206 (4th Cir. 1979)

276

Searching and Seizing Computers

United States v. Radcliff, 331 F.3d 1153 (10th Cir. 2003)

185

United States v. Ramirez, 112 F.3d 849 (7th Cir. 1997)

United States v. Ramirez, 523 U.S. 65 (1998)

United States v. Raney, 342 F.3d 551 (7th Cir. 2003)

United States v. Reed, 935 F.2d 641 (4th Cir. 1991)

United States v. Reyes, 798 F.2d 380 (10th Cir. 1986)

64, 74

United States v. Reyes, 922 F. Supp. 818 (S.D.N.Y. 1996)

3, 17, 30, 32, 147, 166

United States v. Riccardi, 405 F.3d 852 (10th Cir. 2005)

69, 72

United States v. Riley, 906 F.2d 841 (2d Cir. 1990)

United States v. Rith, 164 F.3d 1323 (10th Cir. 1999)

United States v. Roberts, 86 F. Supp. 2d 678 (S.D. Tex. 2000)

United States v. Robinson, 414 U.S. 218 (1973)

United States v. Rodriguez, 968 F.2d 130 (2d Cir. 1992)

United States v. Rodriguez, 995 F.2d 776 (7th Cir. 1993)

United States v. Rogers, 521 F.3d 5 (1st Cir. 2008)

United States v. Romero-Garcia, 991 F. Supp. 1223 (D. Or. 1997)

United States v. Romm, 455 F.3d 990 (9th Cir. 2006)

United States v. Ropp, 347 F. Supp. 2d 831 (C.D. Cal. 2004)

164

United States v. Ross, 456 U.S. 798 (1982)

2, 3, 64, 81, 91

United States v. Ross, 713 F.2d 389 (8th Cir. 1983)

177

United States v. Rude, 88 F.3d 1538 (9th Cir. 1996)

United States v. Runyan, 275 F.3d 449 (5th Cir. 2001)

4, 11, 35

United States v. Russo, 480 F.2d 1228 (6th Cir. 1973)

207

United States v. Safavian, 435 F. Supp. 2d 36 (D.D.C. 2006)

195, 199, 202, 204

United States v. Salcido, 506 F.3d 729 (9th Cir. 2007)

197

United States v. Salgado, 250 F.3d 438 (6th Cir. 2001)

198, 201

United States v. Sanders, 749 F.2d 195 (5th Cir. 1984)

195, 207

United States v. Santarelli, 778 F.2d 609 (11th Cir. 1985)

United States v. Saputski, 496 F.2d 140 (9th Cir. 1974)

200

United States v. Savage, 564 F.2d 728 (5th Cir. 1977)

176

United States v. Scarfo, 180 F. Supp. 2d 572 (D.N.J. 2001)

United States v. Schandl, 947 F.2d 462 (11th Cir. 1991)

United States v. Scharfman, 448 F.2d 1352 (2d Cir. 1971)

United States v. Schwimmer, 692 F. Supp. 119 (E.D.N.Y. 1988)

United States v. Scott-Emuakpor, 2000 WL 288443 (W.D. Mich. Jan. 25, 2000)

United States v. Seidlitz, 589 F.2d 152 (4th Cir. 1978)

172, 187

United States v. Sherr, 400 F. Supp. 2d 843 (D. Md. 2005)

147

United States v. Shields, 458 F.3d 269 (3d Cir. 2006)

United States v. Siddiqui, 235 F.3d 1318 (11th Cir. 2000)

199, 204

United States v. Simons, 206 F.3d 392 (4th Cir. 2000)

26, 48, 53, 171

United States v. Simpson, 152 F.3d 1241 (10th Cir. 1998)

198, 203

United States v. Sissler, 1991 WL 239000 (W.D. Mich. Jan. 25, 1991)

United States v. Skeddle, 989 F. Supp. 890 (N.D. Ohio 1997)

110

United States v. Slanina, 283 F.3d 670 (5th Cir. 2002)

4, 35, 50, 53

United States v. Slocum, 708 F.2d 587 (11th Cir. 1983)

United States v. Smith, 155 F.3d 1051 (9th Cir. 1998)

147

Table of Cases

277

United States v. Smith, 27 F. Supp. 2d 1111 (C.D. Ill. 1998)

20, 23

United States v. Smith, 383 F.3d 700 (8th Cir. 2004)

United States v. Smith, 973 F.2d 603 (8th Cir. 1992)

195

United States v. Smythe, 84 F.3d 1240 (10th Cir. 1996)

United States v. Souza, 223 F.3d 1197 (10th Cir. 2000)

United States v. Standefer, 2007 WL 2301760 (S.D. Cal. Aug. 8, 2007)

119

United States v. Steiger, 318 F.3d 1039 (11th Cir. 2003)

14, 118, 147, 166, 184

United States v. Stierhoff, 477 F. Supp. 2d 423 (D.R.I. 2007)

4, 35, 78

United States v. Stowe, 1996 WL 467238 (N.D. Ill. Aug. 15, 1996)

100

United States v. Stults, 2007 WL 4284721 (D. Neb. Dec. 3, 2007)

United States v. Suarez, 906 F.2d 977 (4th Cir. 1990)

184

United States v. Syphers, 426 F.3d 461 (1st Cir. 2005)

86, 93

United States v. Taketa, 923 F.2d 665 (9th Cir. 1991)

United States v. Tamura, 694 F.2d 591 (9th Cir. 1982)

77, 89

United States v. Tank, 200 F.3d 627 (9th Cir. 2000)

201, 204

United States v. Terry, 522 F.3d 645 (6th Cir. 2008)

United States v. Tomas, 114 F.3d 403 (3d Cir. 1997)

United States v. Tompson, 936 F.2d 1249 (11th Cir. 1991)

184, 187

United States v. Torn, 375 F.3d 679 (8th Cir. 2004)

United States v. Tin Yat Chin, 371 F.3d 31 (2d Cir. 2004)

198

United States v. Torres, 751 F.2d 875 (7th Cir. 1984)

7, 163, 187

United States v. Tousant, 619 F.2d 810 (9th Cir. 1980)

169

United States v. Triumph Capital Group, Inc., 211 F.R.D. 31

(D. Conn. 2002)

87, 92, 96

United States v. Trost, 152 F.3d 715 (7th Cir. 1998)

United States v. Trowbridge, 2007 WL 4226385 (N.D. Tex. Nov. 29, 2007)

United States v. Tucker, 305 F.3d 1193 (10th Cir. 2002)

United States v. Turner, 169 F.3d 84 (1st Cir. 1999)

United States v. Turner, 28 F.3d 981 (9th Cir. 1994)

United States v. Twenty-Two Tousand, Two Hundred Eighty Seven Dollars

($22,287.00), U.S. Currency, 709 F.2d 442 (6th Cir. 1983)

United States v. Tzakis, 736 F.2d 867 (2d Cir. 1984)

170

United States v. Upham, 168 F.3d 532 (1st Cir. 1999)

70, 71, 77, 82, 89, 98

United States v. Valdez, 2008 WL 360548 (E.D. Wis. Feb. 8, 2008)

United States v. Van Dreel, 155 F.3d 902 (7th Cir. 1998)

United States v. Van Poyck, 77 F.3d 285 (9th Cir. 1996)

182

United States v. Vanness, 342 F.3d 1093 (10th Cir. 2003)

148

United States v. Ventresca, 380 U.S. 102 (1965)

United States v. Verdin-Garcia, 516 F.3d 884 (10th Cir. 2008)

171

United States v. Verdugo-Urquidez, 494 U.S. 259 (1990)

United States v. Vest, 813 F.2d 477, 481 (1st Cir. 1987)

186

United States v. Vilar, 2007 WL 1075041 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 4, 2007)

72, 78, 86

United States v. Villanueva, 32 F. Supp. 2d 635 (S.D.N.Y. 1998)

173

United States v. Villarreal, 963 F.2d 770 (5th Cir. 1992)

United States v. W. R. Grace, 526 F.3d 499 (9th Cir. 2008)

United States v. Wagers, 452 F.3d 534 (6th Cir. 2006)

278

Searching and Seizing Computers

United States v. Walker, 20 F. Supp. 2d 971 (S.D.W.Va. 1998)

United States v. Wall, 2008 WL 5381412 (S.D. Fla. Dec. 22, 2008)

29, 33, 37

United States v. Walser, 275 F.3d 981 (10th Cir. 2001)

4, 5, 36, 90

United States v. Walters, 558 F. Supp. 726 (D. Md. 1980)

United States v. Warshak, 2007 WL 4410237 (S.D. Ohio Dec. 13, 2007)

148

United States v. Washington, 498 F.3d 225 (4th Cir. 2007)

192, 196

United States v. Watts, 519 U.S. 148 (1997)

170

United States v. Watzman, 486 F.3d 1004 (7th Cir. 2007)

United States v. Wayne, 903 F.2d 1188 (8th Cir. 1990)

United States v. Whitaker, 127 F.3d 595 (7th Cir. 1997)

198

United States v. Whitfield, 939 F.2d 1071 (D.C. Cir. 1991)

United States v. Wilder, 526 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2008)

United States v. Williams, 124 F.3d 411 (3d Cir. 1997)

184

United States v. Wong, 334 F.3d 831 (9th Cir. 2003)

United States v. Word, 806 F.2d 658 (6th Cir. 1986)

United States v. Workman, 80 F.3d 688 (2d Cir. 1996)

170

United States v. Wurie, 2009 WL 1176946 (D. Mass. 2009)

United States v. Young, 2006 WL 1302667 (N.D.W.Va. May 9, 2006)

United States v. Young, 350 F.3d 1302 (11th Cir. 2003)

6, 25, 145

United States v. Young, 877 F.2d 1099 (1st Cir. 1989)

United States v. Yuknavich, 419 F.3d 1302 (11th Cir. 2005)

United States v. Ziegler, 456 F.3d 1138 (9th Cir. 2006)

United States v. Ziegler, 474 F.3d 1184 (9th Cir. 2007)

26, 44

United States v. Zimmerman, 277 F.3d 426 (3d Cir. 2002)

Vaughn v. Baldwin, 950 F.2d 331 (6th Cir. 1991)

Vega-Rodriguez v. Puerto Rico Tel. Co., 110 F.3d 174 (1st Cir. 1997)

Victaulic Co. v. Tieman, 499 F.3d 227 (3d Cir. 2007)

204

Walter v. United States, 447 U.S. 649 (1980)

Warden v. Hayden, 387 U.S. 294, 309 (1967)

100

Warshak v. United States, 532 F.3d 521 (6th Cir. 2008)

147

Wasson v. Sonoma County Junior College Dist., 4 F. Supp. 2d 893 (N.D. Cal. 1997)

Watkins v. L. M. Berry & Co., 704 F.2d 577 (11th Cir. 1983)

170

Whren v. United States, 517 U.S. 806 (1996)

Wiley v. Department of Justice, 328 F.3d 1346 (Fed. Cir. 2003)

Williams v. Philadelphia Housing Auth., 826 F. Supp. 952 (E.D. Pa. 1993)

Williams v. Poulos, 11 F.3d 271 (1st Cir. 1993)

189

Wilson v. Moreau, 440 F. Supp. 2d 81 (D.R.I. 2006)

5, 9, 145

Wilson v. United States, 221 U.S. 361 (1911)

145

Ybarra v. Illinois, 444 U.S. 85 (1979)

Yu v. United States, 1997 WL 423070 (S.D.N.Y. Jul. 29, 1997)

Table of Cases

279

Index

Aggrieved person 184

cell-site/Cell tower

Information 159

Articulable facts

Electronic surveillance in

REP and third-party possession 9

communications networks 151

Pen/trap statute and cell-site

Records or other information pertaining

information 160

to a subscriber or customer 122

Section 2703(d) order 130

Use of specialized technology to obtain

Authentication 197

information 15

Authentication of computer stored

Cellular telephone

records 198

Consent 18

Authentication of records created by a

Definition of a pen register and trap and

computer process 200

trace device 154

Common challenges to authenticity 204

Electronic surveillance in

Authority to consent

communications networks 151

Consent 15

Exigent circumstances 29

Constitutional considerations 147

“Intercept” 166

Private-sector workplace searches 44

Inventory searches 37

Public-sector workplace searches 45

Pen/trap statute and cell-site

information 159

Provider exception 173

BANNERS

Providers of ECS vs. RCS 117

Bannering and consent 171

Records or other information pertaining

Public-sector workplace searches 45

to a subscriber 122

Best evidence rule 205

REP in computer as storage devices 3

border search 38

Search incident to a lawful arrest 32

Business records

Use of specialized technology to obtain

Authentication of records created by a

information 15

computer process 200

“Wire communication” 163

Constitutional considerations 144

Child pornography

Information seizures 72

Application of the PPA to computer

Hearsay 191

searches and seizures 105

Hearsay records 195

Authorship 202

Non-hearsay records 194

Border searches 39

Change of focus and need for new

warrants 90

cable Act 141

Constitutional considerations 147

Working with network providers 139

Devising a search strategy 61

Caller ID

Electronic surveillance in communications

Pen/trap statute 153

networks 151

Hardware seizures 70

281

Inadvertently obtained criminal evidence

Confrontation Clause 196

exception 182

Hearsay 192

Include facts establishing prob. cause 63

Non-hearsay records 194

Non-hearsay records 193

Consent 15

PC established through an IP address 65

Analysis using forensic software 89

PC established through online account

Compelled disclosure under the SCA 128

information 67

Consent in public-sector workplace 55

Permissible time period for examining

Consent of a party to a communication

seized media 93

168

Plain view 34

Constitutional considerations 146

Private Searches 11

Extension telephone exemption 180

Probation and Parole 41

General principles 2

REP in computer as storage devices 4

International issues 56

REP in public workplaces 48

Pen/trap orders: application, issuance,

Scope of consent 18

service, and reporting 158

Staleness 68

Private-sector workplace searches 44

Search must be justified at inception 54

Public-sector workplace searches 4

Tird-party consent 21

REP in public workplaces 50

CHIP

“Reasonable” workplace searches under

Application of the PPA to computer

O’Connor v. Ortega 54

searches 109

Special case: workplace searches 42

Definition of pen register and trap and

Voluntary disclosure 136

trace device 154

Custodian

“Electronic communications” 165

Pen/trap orders: application, issuance,

Pen/trap order: application, issuing, and

service, and reporting 156

reporting 156

Hearsay records 195

Pen/trap statute and cell-site information

161

Provider exception 175

Discovery

Special case: workplace searches 42

Constitutional considerations 145

Clean hands 186

REP in public workplaces 49

Subpoena 129

Clergy 109

Doctor

Closed containers

Include facts establishing prob. cause 64

Public-sector workplace searches 45

Privileged documents 109

REP in computer as storage devices 3

REP and third-party possession 6

Documentary materials

Scope of consent 17

Application of the PPA to computer

searches 106

Commercial storage 10

Privileged documents 109

Compelled disclosure 127

Terms of the Privacy Protection Act 103

Constitutional considerations 144

Stored Communications Act 116

Suppression 148

282

Searching and Seizing Computers

Foreign

Electronic communication

“Electronic communication” 163

service 117

International issues 56

Classifying types of information held by

Multiple warrants in network searches 84

service providers 120

“Wire communication” 162

Communication service providers: the

SCA 112

Header

Compelled disclosure under the SCA 127

Content vs. addressing information 152

Extension telephone exception 179

Definition of pen register and trap and

Pen/trap orders: application, issuance,

trace device 154

service, and reporting 155

Hearsay 192

Inadvertently obtained criminal evidence

Hearsay records 194

exception 182

Hearsay vs. non-hearsay computer records

Provider exception 173

193

Stored Communication Act 116

Non-hearsay records 194

Voluntary disclosure 135

Hearsay 191

Electronic Communications

Authentication of records created by a

Privacy Act 115

computer process 200

Electronic storage 122

Confrontation clause 196

2703(d) order with prior notice to the

subscriber or customer 132

Classifying types of information held by

Implied consent 26

service providers 121

Bannering and consent 171

Communications service providers: the

Consent of party to communication 170

SCA 112

Interception 165

Illustration of the SCA’s classifications in

See generally Chapter 4.D

the email context 125

“Clean hands” exception in the Sixth

“Intercept” 166

Circuit 189

“Remote computing service” 119

Interception authorized by a Title III

Search warrant 133

order 183

Stored Communications Act 116

No statutory suppression for interception

Subpoena with prior notice to the

of electronic communication 184

subscriber or customer 129

Suppression following interception with a

Electronic surveillance

defective Title III order 186

See generally Chapter 4

Internal affairs

Encryption

“Reasonable” workplace searches under

Exigent circumstances 28

O’Connor v. Ortega 53

Establishing the necessity for imaging and

Search must be work-related 54

off-site examination 76

International ISSUES 56

General principles 19

Internet Protocol (ip)

Exigent circumstances 27

addresses 65

Search incident to a lawful arrest 32

Classifying types of information held by

service providers 121

Constitutional considerations 145

Flagrant disregard 96

Index

283

Constitutional suppression remedies 187

to a customer or subscriber 122

Content vs. addressing information 151

Section 2703(d) order 130

Definition of pen register and trap and

trace device 154

Devising a search strategy 61

Multiple warrants 84

Non-hearsay records 193

Pen/trap orders: application, issuance,

service, and reporting 155

Non-content record

REP and third-party possession 9

Content vs. addressing information 151

Definition of pen register and trap and

Internet Relay Chat 202

trace device 154

Inventory search 37

Search warrant 133

Stored Communication Act 116

Pen/trap orders: application, issuance,

Joint access

service, and reporting 155

Constitutional considerations 146

Pen/trap statute and cell-site information

General principles 20

159

REP in private-sector workplaces 43

Records or other information pertaining

to a subscriber 122

Voluntary disclosure 136

Knock-and-announce 95

Off-site searches 97

Laptop

Border searches 38

Office space

Information seizures 74

REP in private-sector workplaces 43

Motion for return of property 99

Search must be work-related 53

REP in Computers as Storage Devices 5

Omnibus Crime Control and

Scope of Consent 19

Safe Streets Act

Search incident to a lawful arrest 33

REP and Tird-Party Possession 7

Log

Electronic Surveillance in

Authentication of computer-stored records

Communications Networks 151

199

Open fields

Basic subscriber and session information

General principles 2

listed 121

Overbroad

Classifying types of information held by

Information seizures 73

service providers 121

Searching among commingled records 88

Common challenges to authenticity 202

Devising a search strategy 61

Establish the necessity for imaging and

off-site examination 76

Hearsay records 194

Hearsay vs. non-hearsay computer records

192

Non-hearsay records 193

Records or other information pertaining

284

Searching and Seizing Computers

Stored Communications Act 115

Packet

Content vs. addressing information 151

Content vs. addressing information 152

Plain view 34

Pen/trap orders: application, issuance,

Change of focus & need for new warrant

service, and reporting 157

Pager

REP in Computer as Storage Devices 3

Constitutional considerations 145

Pornography

Contents and “electronic storage” 123

Military reference books and manuals (2009-2023, Volume 3) - page 36