Antonov An-2. Manual for Microsoft Flight Simulator

Antonov An-2 User Guide

INTRODUCTION

Welcome to the Antonov An-2 User Guide! ATSimulations, in cooperation with Microsoft

and Asobo, is happy to present the updated version of the Antonov An-2!

The An-2 is one of aviation’s most distinctive aircraft, both visually and in its place in

history. It was conceived and designed to meet a Soviet Ministry of Forestry request for a

utility aircraft. The result was one of the most widely-used airplanes in aviation history.

Due to its robust and highly-survivable design, adaptability, positive and responsive

control at slow speeds, power, and load carrying ability, it was adopted for more than

forty uses, from agriculture to military purposes. Over 18,000 An-2s were manufactured

over the course of its 45-year production run. The aircraft has operated in dozens of

countries for a broad spectrum of uses, from airline transport to military roles. Its ability

to fly low and slow, while maintaining full pilot control, helped earn it the status of aviation

legend.

This package comprises several An-2 iterations based on landing gear configuration:

wheels, skis, and floats. These virtual renditions replicate all of the An-2’s features in

exquisite detail, including exteriors and interiors

(with high-definition textures),

photorealistic and fully-functional cockpits, true-to-life audio, and realistic flight

dynamics. We worked closely with actual An-2 pilots in creating these renditions to

provide the most realistic experience for flight simulator users. Enjoy your An-2 cockpit

time!

We recommend that you invest time into learning about the An-2 and its unique

flight dynamics by reading this user guide before jumping into its cockpit and lifting into

the sky. Even if you are an experienced real-world pilot or an advanced Microsoft Flight

Simulator user, you’ll find certain concepts contained in this guide to be invaluable for

your An-2 experience.

The following sections provide information about operating the Antonov An-2,

historical facts about the airframe, flight configurations, a performance guide, and pre-

flight and post-flight checklists.

Have fun!

All base images Copyright the Microsoft Corporation except Public Domain images on Pages 6 and 7.

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Antonov An-2 User Guide

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

● Microsoft Flight Simulator 2020

● Available hard drive space: 3 GB

● Other: mouse, joystick, sound card, speakers/headphones, TrackIR

FEATURES

3D Models

● Accurate exterior and interior models created with 3D scan technology

● 4k textures with specular, bump, and reflection maps

● FPS friendly

Panel & Gauges

● All gauges are developed using 3D parts

● Realistic night lighting

Systems

● Fully simulated electrical system

● Partly simulated pneumatic system

● Realistic engine starting sequence

● Simulated window freezing and window heating system

Flight dynamics

● Flight dynamics were developed in close cooperation with experienced An-2 pilots

Sounds

● Engine sounds recorded from an actual An-2

● All switches, knobs and levers operate with realistic audio

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Antonov An-2 User Guide

HISTORY OF THE ANTONOV AN-2

The An-2 is a single-engine, multi-role, utility biplane developed by aerospace

engineer Oleg Antonov for agricultural and forestry purposes. It is notable for its short

take-off and landing

(STOL) capability, its versatility, ruggedness, and slow-speed

performance. Over 18,000 were manufactured over a record 45-year production run,

making it one of the most prolific of all aircraft in aviation history, and one of the most

influential. It has been used for myriad purposes, from crop dusting to military

applications. Users bestowed a number of nicknames to the An-2 over the decades,

including its most common, “Kukuruznik,” a Russian word meaning “related with corn,” a

fitting reference to its agricultural heritage͘ It also has been called “ nnushka,” (“ nnie”)͘

The NATO reporting name for the An-2 is “Colt͘”

THE AN-2: THE LEGEND’S BEGINNINGS

The An-2 traces its roots to the 1930s, when Soviet aerospace engineer Oleg

Antonov envisioned a tough, single-engine utility biplane that could serve a wide range of

civil needs. Years later, in 1946, the Soviet government gave Antonov his opportunity. The

Ministry of Forestry sought a replacement for the Polikarpov Po-2, an open-cockpit,

tandem two-seat biplane used as a general utility aircraft. The top-secret Soviet Research

and Design Bureau Number 153 (OKB-153), which would later become Antonov State

Enterprise, was established on May 31, 1946. Its first project was the biplane that Antonov

had conceptualized years earlier.

One of ntonov’s greatest influences during the engineering stage of his aircraft was

the wing design of the Fieseler Fi 156 Storch, a German military liaison airplane that was

renowned for its excellent STOL performance͘ ntonov sought to replicate the Storch’s

great slow-speed flying characteristics and its ability to operate out of austere,

unimproved airfields. The engineer’s merging of the myriad functional goals of his

prospect (including his original ideas), the guidelines set forth by the Ministry of Forestry,

and the performance of the Fi 156, would prove a great, and historically enduring, success.

ntonov’s design was an all-metal biplane comprising an enclosed cockpit and a

cabin that could accommodate 12 seats. The first prototype, designated SKh-1, was

on August 31, 1947. The test pilot reportedly remarked after landing that the aircraft

performed flawlessly and that his only criticism was that the seat was not adjusted

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Antonov An-2 User Guide

properly for his height. The second iteration of the aircraft used a Shvetsov Ash-62 9-

cylinder radial engine, bringing the payload capability up to 4,720 pounds from 2,870

pounds. Designated the An-2, ntonov’s aircraft was ready for serial production, which

was slated to take place in Kiev, Ukraine.

In late 1952 the Soviet government halted plans for production of the An-2 at the

Kiev factory to focus on building fuselage components for the Ilyushin Il-28 bomber. Since

the order was signed by Stalin, there would be no appeal. Six months later, however, Stalin

died. An-2 production restarted in Kiev, and by 1960, 5,000 units had rolled off the

assembly line. Production was continued later in Dolgoprudniy, Russian SFSR. The majority

of An-2 production took place at Poland’s WSK factory in the city of Mielec͘ More than

13,000 units were produced by the time full production ended in 1991. Limited production

continued until 2001, with four aircraft produced for Vietnam. China has also produced

the airframe under license, which it calls the Shijiazhuang Y-5. While some sources have

claimed that East Germany produced the An-2, the country only refurbished some aircraft.

In all, more than 18,000 An-2s were manufactured between the Soviet Union, Poland, and

China.

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Antonov An-2 User Guide

THE AN-2’S OPER TION L HISTORY

The An-2 was quickly adopted throughout the

Soviet Union and other Eastern Bloc countries as soon as

it started rolling off the assembly line in Kiev. It was

initially used for agricultural purposes, notably for crop

dusting. The aircraft was also used in its early operational

days for mineral prospecting.

The spectrum of use of the An-2 broadened each year after its introduction. It

helped hunters by providing information on animal and bird habitat. It was used

extensively for aerial photography to aid hydrologic and other physical science research

work. It was used as a small airliner, transporting people, cargo, and mail. It was used to

monitor oil pipelines and electricity networks, and it was used to transport materials for

highway and other infrastructure projects.

Twenty-six countries have procured An-2s for their air forces and civil organizations.

Due to the aircraft’s versatility - notably its modifiability - excellent handling at slow

speeds, power, and forgivingness, it has seen adaptation over the decades for more than

40 specific applications. Some special applications and modifications have included:

Sampling air quality, water bombing forest fires, air ambulances, crop dusting, lightly

armed combat variants for the insertion of paratroopers, and civilian parachuting. The

most common variant is the An-2T, a 12-seat passenger version that today is very popular

among civilian parachute clubs.

Oleg Antonov stated that the aircraft itself would be its best advocate. He said: “If

they make at least 50 An-2s then a bright future will be ensured for it͘” He was correct in

his prediction, as evidenced by the more than 18,000 produced.

Why did the An-2 become so popular? What is so special about the aircraft?

When asked, Oleg ntonov noted: “I think it is due to its flight parameters first of

all: short take-off and landing distances, simplicity of piloting and operation. This machine

is undemanding to the airfields͘” He further explained that the n-2’s success and ubiquity

was due to its versatility and adaptability; that its form, power, ruggedness, and flight

profile throughout such a broad range of speeds and conditions make it uniquely qualified

to modify into a wide range of specialized aircraft.

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Antonov An-2 User Guide

From an overarching design standpoint, the success of the Antonov derives from

simplicity and reliability. This includes ensuring that all aerodynamic control surfaces are

actuated with sufficiently powerful systems. The resilient and reliable operation of the

aircraft is a function of the wing design. The An-2 incorporates automatic leading-edge

slats and flaperons that provide aircraft stability during high angle-of-attack (AoA)

maneuvers. The wing design is such that it is virtually impossible to stall the An-2 while

under power with flaps extended. The An-2 is so inherently aerodynamically stable that

even without any pilot control input, the aircraft, while powered, will recover to a

horizontal flight profile, even when placed into a flat spin.

A note from the original pilot's handbook reads: "If the engine quits in instrument

conditions or at night, the pilot should pull the control column full aft and keep the wings

level. The leading-edge slats will snap out at about 64 km/h (40 mph), and when the

airplane slows to a forward speed of about 40 km/h (25 mph), the airplane will sink at

about a parachute descent rate until the aircraft hits the ground."

The An-2 indeed has no stall speed quoted in the operating handbook. Pilots of the

An-2 say one can fly the aircraft in full control at an airspeed of just 30 miles per hour. The

An-2’s low stall speed makes it possible for the aircraft to “fly backwards,” relative to the

ground (granted it is flying into a headwind of more than about 31 or 32 miles per hour).

COMBAT SERVICE

Although it was designed originally to provide aerial support for agriculture and

forestry, the An-2’s incredible versatility soon caught the attention of military

practitioners. The An-2 has seen military use for a number of mission sets, including

logistical support (as a freighter), information operations (dropping leaflets), as an ISR

(intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance) data collections platform, as a light

bomber and surface attack aircraft (including maritime torpedo use), and recently as an

unmanned combat air vehicle in the role of loitering munition.

The first verifiable military use of the An-2 occurred during the Hungarian Revolution

of 1956, when the aircraft was used to drop informational leaflets and also for ISR

gathering.

An-2s were used in the war in Indochina. DRV (Democratic Republic of Vietnam) Air

Force An-2s ferried equipment, personnel, weapons, and ammunition to its allies in the

civil war in Laos.

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Antonov An-2 User Guide

During the Vietnam War, the An-2 was modified to carry torpedoes and used as a

naval interdiction platform. Its slow speed proved advantageous, as aircraft dispatched to

intercept An-2s could not engage them due to their slow flight. The STOL capability of the

An-2 proved particularly beneficial, as it could operate out of small, unimproved airfields

hacked into the jungle.

In Cambodia in 1970, government forces used the An-2 to carry supplies to troops

during operations against guerrillas. In 1979, An-2s were used in Cambodia by the Kmer

Rouge for both logistical support and as forward air controllers.

During the Croatian War of Independence in 1991, An-2s initially used as crop

dusters were converted to drop improvised bombs and as supply ships.

During the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War in 2020, the Azerbaijanis converted old

An-2s into loitering munitions by fitting them with video cameras, remote controls, and

high explosives, then flying them into enemy positions and detonating the explosives.

THE AN-2 TODAY

Since the collapse of the Soviet Union and the Eastern European communist states,

most airlines in these areas have been withdrawing their An-2s from service, as some of

these aircraft are now over 40 years old and the production dwindled. Private operators

are still using the An-2, as their stability, capaciousness, and slow-flying ability make them

very popular, notably for skydiving.

While their high noise levels, increasing maintenance costs, high fuel consumption,

and unsophisticated nature (the pre-flight checks alone take between 30 and 40 minutes)

make them obsolete for commercial service in Europe today, the large number of aircraft

available has lowered their resale value (each can be purchased for as little as $30,000).

They are ideal for the developing world, where their ability to carry large loads into short

airstrips makes them advantageous to airlines on a budget. Many ex-Aeroflot An-2s work

as regional airliners in Africa, Central and South America, Cuba, and Southeast Asia.

North Korea has a number of the aircraft using wooden propellers and canvas wings

(the Y-5 version that was license-built in China). This construction gives them a reduced

radar cross-section, and therefore a limited degree of "stealth." In a war they could

possibly be used to parachute or deliver special operations troops behind enemy lines for

sabotage operations.

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Antonov An-2 User Guide

The An-2's ability, looks, flying characteristics, and status as one of the world's

largest single-engine biplanes, has increased the demand for the An-2 in the United States

and Western Europe. The airframe is prized by collectors of classic aircraft, making them

an increasingly common sight at airshows. However, nearly all western nations

(the USA, Canada, the United Kingdom, France, etc.) prohibit the use of the An-2

commercially, despite its obvious potential as a bush plane and parachute aircraft. This is

because the aircraft has not been certified by the relevant national aviation authorities,

limiting its use.

The An-2 remains recognized as outstanding in its class and has many admirers

throughout the world. As of 2007, more than 4,000 An-2s remain in operation. Many have

been flying for more than 40 years and remain in excellent condition.

2012, the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation announced the

initiation of the An-2 Deep Modernization Program, which includes the replacement of

engines and other critical operational equipment.

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Antonov An-2 User Guide

AN-2 SPECIFICATIONS

The An-2 is a single-engine, short take-off and landing (STOL), utility biplane designed

in the Soviet Union for agricultural and forestry use. The design comprises an all-metal,

stressed-skin monocoque fuselage, an empennage consisting of metal framing and fabric

covering, and metal-framed, fabric-covered wings (with the upper wing longer than the

lower wing). The An-2 is renowned for its exceptional slow-speed and short-field

performance. This is due primarily to the wings of the aircraft, notably the full-length,

leading-edge slats and aileron-flap actuation system. The An-2 took its maiden flight on

August 31, 1947 and over 18,000 have been produced.

Dimensions

Length

12, 7 m (40 ft 8 in)

Height

5, 35 m (13 ft 2 in)

Wing span

18, 2 m (59 ft 8 in)

Wing area

71, 52 m (769.8 sq ft)

Engine

Shvetsov ASh-62 9-cylinder radial engine (which was a development of the Wright R-

1820 Cyclone) 1000 hp, displacement 30 liters.

Fuel

Total tank capacity: 317 US galls (1200 litters)

Air speeds

Max speed

258 km/h (160 mph)

Cruising speed

190 km/h (120 mph)

Stall speed

50 km/h (30 mph)

Performance

Range

845 km (525 miles)

Service ceiling 4500 m (14,750 ft)

Rate of climb

3, 5 m/sec (700 ft/min)

Take-off distance

170-490 m (560-1600 ft)

Landing distance

425 m (1400 ft)

Weight

Empty weight 3300 kg (7300 lbs)

Max take-off

5500 kg (12000 lbs

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Antonov An-2 User Guide

PANELS AND CONTROLS

MAIN PANEL

1. Radio altimeter signal lamp

18. RPM indicator

2. Airspeed indicator

19. Chip detector signal lamp

3. Attitude indicator

20. Oil dilution signal lamp

4. Antifire system ready lamp

21. Left tank low fuel signal lamp

5. "Fire" signal lamp

22. Right tank low fuel signal lamp

6. Fire extinguisher button

23. Marker signal lamp

7. Starter circuit breaker

24. Cylinders heads temperature indicator

8. Magnetos knob

25. Radio altimeter indicator

9. Starter switch (Left click activates electric motor

26. Fuel meter indicator

to rotate flywheel. Right click - clutch flywheel

27. Carburetor temperature indicator

to engine)

28. Engine gauge (Fuel pressure, oil pressure and

10. Directional gyro

oil temperature indicators)

11. Ammeter

29. Cabin fresh air panel lever (Left)

12. Generator lamp

30. Cabin fresh air panel lever (Right)

13. Manifold pressure indicator

31. Up wing flaps circuit breaker

14. Altitude indicator

32. Flaps master circuit breaker

15. Vertical speed indicator

33. Low wing flaps circuit breaker

16. "Fast slave" button

34. Aileron trimmer circuit breaker

17. UGR compass

35. Elevator trimmer circuit breaker

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Antonov An-2 User Guide

36. Rudder trimmer circuit breaker

72. Air filter shutter lever

37. Comm radio circuit breaker

73. "Door open" signal lamp

38. GPS switch

74. COM radio

39. Intercom circuit breaker

75. Emergency flaps up switch

40. ADF circuit breaker

76. Flaps position indicator

41. Marker circuit breaker

77. Oil shutters position indicator

42. Radioaltimeter circuit breaker

78. "Altitude corrector" lever (Mixture)

43. Oil shutters circuit breaker

79. Flaps low button

44. Cowl flaps circuit breaker

80. Throttle lever

45. Antifire system circuit breaker

81. Propeller lever

46. Cabin light circuit breaker

82. Carburetor heat lever

47. Panel light circuit breaker

83. Fuel cut valve lever

48. Cockpit light circuit breaker

84. "Aileron trimmer in zero" signal lamp (+-2 deg.)

49. Pitot heat circuit breaker

85. "Elevator trimmer in zero" signal lamp (+-2 deg.)

50. UV lamps circuit breaker

86. "Rudder trimmer in zero" signal lamp (+-2 deg.)

51. Portable lamp circuit breaker (inoperable)

87. Rudder trimmer switch (left click - left, right click

52. Floor light circuit breaker (inoperable)

- right)

53. Ampervoltmeter

88. Rise flaps button

54. Power inverter switch (Left click - main. Right

89. Elevator trimmer switch (left click - low, right

click - aux)

click - up)

55. Aux power inverter signal lamp

90. Aileron trimmer switch (left click - left wing low,

56. Tail wheel lock signal lamp

right click - right wing low)

57. Tail wheel lock switch

91. Oil shutters switch

58. Left land light switch

92. Cowl flaps switch

59. Right land light switch

93. Lamp

60. Navigation lights switch

94. Window heat knob

61. Taxi light switch

95. Clock

62. Strobe lights switch

96. Attitude indicator

63. (inop) (Beacon light for airplane where it exist)

97. UGK-2 compass

64. Generator switch

98. Power inverter voltmeter

65. Battery switch

99. ADF control panel

66. Copilot's attitude indicator power switch

100. Airspeed indicator

67. Pilot's attitude indicator power switch

101. Outside temperature indicator

68. Fuel meters power switch

102. "Fast slave" button

69. Engine gauge power switch

103. UV lamps rheostats (inop)

70. Oil shutters and cowl flaps indicators power

104. ADF indicator

switch

105. Vertical speed indicator

71. Thermometers power switch

106.Altimeter indicator

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Antonov An-2 User Guide

LEFT CONSOLE

107.

Engine primer lever

121.

Antifire system check switch

108.

Oil dilution system switch

122.

Air pressure indicator

109.

Low fuel sound signal switch

123.

Pitot heat check button

110.

Pneumo valve knob

124.

Fuel meter switch (left click - only left tank,

111.

Fuel low sound switch

right click - only right tank)

112.

Right wiper switch

125.

Chip detector lamp check button

113.

Left wiper switch

126.

Fuel selector

114.

Wipers circuit breaker

127.

Cockpit signal lamp switch

115.

Left fan switch

128.

Fuel pump switch

116.

Center window heat circuit breaker

129.

Radio altimeter knob

117.

Left window heat circuit breaker

130.

Wheels brakes air pressure indicator

118.

Window heat master switch

131.

Wheels brakes lever

119.

Pitot heat check lamp

132.

Manual fuel pump lever

120.

Antifire system check switch

133.

Parking brake knob

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Antonov An-2 User Guide

ADF CONTROL PANEL

a1. Telefone\Telegraf switch (inop)

a2. Level of signal indicator

a3. ADF mode knob

a4. Antenna switch (inop)

a5. Volume (inop)

a6͘ “Near” channel KHz knob

a7͘ “Near” channel indication lamp

a8͘ “Near” channel frequency indicator

a9͘ “Near” channel hundreds KHz knob

a10͘ “Near” channel tens KHz knob

a11͘ “Far” channel KHz knob

a12͘ “Far” channel indication lamp

a813 “Far” channel frequency indicator

a14͘ “Far” channel hundreds KHz knob

a15͘ “Far” channel tens KHz knob

a16͘ “Near” - “Far” channels switch

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Antonov An-2 User Guide

ENGINE CONTROLS

Throttle Control

The throttle is the outboard lever which is mechanically connected to the carburetor

by a flexible push-pull type cable. The full forward position of the throttle is OPEN and the

full aft position is CLOSED.

Standard shortcuts:

Cut Throttle

[F1]

Decrease Throttle

[F2 or Num Pad 3]

Increase Throttle

[F3 or Num Pad 9]

Full Throttle

[F4]

Mixture Control (Altitude Corrector)

The mixture lever enables the pilot to regulate the fuel-air mixture to the engine to

obtain efficient engine operation and maximum fuel economy at cruise. The RICH position

is full backward, full forward is IDLE CUT-OFF, and manual leaning is accomplished by

placing the lever between the RICH and IDLE CUT-OFF positions. Actually the An-2’s pilots

use altitude corrector very rare, on some airplanes it was even sealed in FULL RICH

position.

Standard shortcuts:

Set Mixture to Idle Cut-off

[CTRL+SHIFT+F1]

Lean Mixture

[CTRL+SHIFT+F2]

Enrich Mixture

[CTRL+SHIFT+F3]

Set Mixture to Rich

[CTRL+SHIFT+F4]

Magneto

The engine magneto switch controls the dual magneto system.

There are four switch positions, designated counterclockwise as

follows: BOTH, L, R and OFF. The engine is started and operated with

the switch in the BOTH position. The L and R positions are for

confirmation purposes only.

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Antonov An-2 User Guide

Starter

The starter circuit breaker (7) provides power to the

starter control switch (9). Starter switch has three positions:

left

(left click)

- provides power to electric motor which

rotates the flywheel; neutral

(right click from the left,

automatically from the right) - power off; right (right click

from neutral) - activates clutch which connects flywheel to

the engine’s crankshaft.

FUEL CONTROLS

Fuel Supply System

Fuel is supplied to the engine from two equally-sized fuel tanks located in the upper

wing. From these tanks, fuel flows through a fuel selector valve, a manual fuel pump, a

boost pump, a fuel strainer, and an engine-driven fuel pump to the carburetor.

Fuel Quantity Indicator

A direct reading, electrically actuated fuel quantity

indicator is mounted in the main pilot’s panel (26)͘ Indicator

shows whole, left tank or right tank fuel quantity. The mode

is chosen by a three-position switch (124). Additionally, the

aircraft has a low fuel signal lamp for each of the two tanks

to indicate when fuel level is less than 50 liters (21 and 22).

Note: To use fuel quantity indicator, the battery and

circuit breaker (68) must be ON.

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Antonov An-2 User Guide

Fuel Selector Valve

A rotary type fuel-tank selector-valve handle is

incorporated in the fuel system. The fuel-tank

selector-valve handle, which controls the fuel selector

valve through mechanical linkage, has four positions:

LEFT TANK, RIGHT TANK, BOTH TANKS and FUEL OFF.

The RIGHT TANK, LEFT TANK and BOTH TANKS

positions allow fuel to flow from the appropriate

tank(s) to the engine. The FUEL OFF position seals

both tanks from the other components of the fuel

system and inhibits fuel from flowing beyond the

selector valve. The fuel selector rotates clockwise with

left click and anticlockwise with right click.

Fuel Boost Pumps

An-2 has two fuel pumps, manual and electric. The manual pump is operated by a

lever (132). The electric pump is controlled by an ON/OFF switch located on the right-

hand side of the instrument panel.

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Antonov An-2 User Guide

FLIGHT CONTROLS

Wing Flaps

Wing-flap buttons (79 and 88) control the flaps. To lower the flaps, use button on the

throttle lever side (79). To raise the flaps, use button on the lower left corner of the

pedestal.

Note: to operate flaps motors, battery and circuit breakers 31-33 must be ON.

Standard Shortcuts:

Retract Flaps (fully)

[F5]

Retract Flaps (in increments)

[F6]

Extend Flaps (in increments)

[F7]

Extend Flaps (fully)

[F8]

Wing Flap Indicator

The position of the flaps can be determined by looking at

the flaps position indicator (76). There are indication marks at 0,

15, 30, 45 and flaps can be selected at these settings or any

setting in between.

Note: to use flaps position indicator battery and circuit

breaker 70 must be ON.

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Antonov An-2 User Guide

Trim Tabs

An-2 has electrical controlled trim tabs for all three control axes. Each trim motor is

connected to a three-position control tumbler (87, 89, 90). To indicate neutral tabs

positions the airplane has control lamp for each axe (84, 85, 86).

Note: to operate trim motors battery and circuit breakers 34-36 must be ON.

Standard Shortcuts:

Elevator Trim Down

[Num Pad 7]

Elevator Trim Up

[Num Pad 1]

Aileron Trim Left Wing Low

[Num Pad 4]

Aileron Trim Left Wing Up

[Num Pad 6]

Rudder Trim Left

[Num Pad 0]

Rudder Trim Right

[Num Pad Enter]

WINDOW HEAT CONTROL

Flying in cold weather conditions

can cause window freezing. To counter

the visual obscuration this causes, use

window heat (tumblers 116-118) and

cabin ventilation knobs

(on the floor

between pilots). Window icing depends

on the temperature difference between

aircraft interior and exterior. To control

temperature inside the cockpit you use

the thermometer directly behind left-

side pilot head. Check the outside

temperature or set it up manually.

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Antonov An-2 User Guide

CHECKLISTS AND PERFORMANCE

Antonov An-2

PRE-START PROCEDURES AND CHECKS

Control lock

REMOVED & STOWED

Parking brake

SET

Log book, flight doc. & legal forms

On board

All switches

OFF

Magneto switch

OFF

Windows

CLEAN

Propeller

CLEAN

Engine cowling latches

ALL CLOSED & LOCKED

Oil cooler

CLEAN

Dust filter

Check position

Tires condition & pressure (40 PSI)

CHECK

Left & right wings

no defects, no gasoline leaks

Pitot cover

REMOVED

Navigation & landing lights glasses

CLEAN

Side fuselage

no cracks, no deformations

INTERIOR CHECK - NIGHT FLIGHTS

Battery

Interior/external lights

all ON - check for serviceability

BEFORE STARTING

Oil collector can

REMOVED & STOWED

Doorstep

REMOVED & STOWED

Emergency manhole

CLOSED & SECURED

Magneto

OFF

Flight controls

Freedom of movement

Air system charging valve

OPEN

Air pressure

CHECK > 30

Parking brake

SET

Brake pressure system

CHECK > 6

Bus voltage

24V

Battery switch

Fuel tank meter switch

Engine unit gages switch

Flap position & oil shutters indicators switch

Oil cooler shutters power switch

Anti-fire system power switch

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Antonov An-2 User Guide

Left & Right fuel gages

Oil coolers shutters & cowl flaps

Trim tabs

Neutral

Fuel selector valve

BOTH

Fire Extinguisher

CHECK

"Chip Monitoring" button

Press to test

STARTING ENGINE WHEN HOT

Propeller control

FORWARD (Low Pitch)

Mixture control

BACKWARD (Full Rich)

Fuel master valve

OPEN = FORWARD

Carburetor heater

OFF

Oil cooler shutter

CLOSED

Cowl flaps

CLOSED

Fuel pressure (with manual pump)

0.25

- 0.35

Primer pump to cylinders

6 injections

MAKE SURE PROP. AREA IS

CLEAR

Magneto switch

OFF

"Starting sequence" switch

Starter

ON - Until 8 ON AMPMETER - Then

toggle the switch to interconnect engine shaft

Magneto switch

BOTH 1+2

AFTER START

Fuel pressure with manual pump

0.25

- 0.35

Throttle (when engine runs smoothly)

700 - 800 RPM

Check oil pressure

Normal > 3

"Starting sequence" switch

OFF

Generator

A/C Converter

Primer pump lever

LOCKED

BEFORE TAXI

Pax & cargo doors

CLOSED & LOCKED

All necessary switches

Flaps upper & lower

Operative

Engine control lever positions

Correct

Indications of engine gages

Normal "All in the green"

Fuel quantity in each tank

CHECK

A/C Converter

Operative

Artificial horizon, course ind.

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Antonov An-2 User Guide

& gyro compass" switches

Gyro instruments

SLAVED

Navigation instruments

CHECKED & SET

Air pressure in pneumatic system

> 40

Wheel chocks

CHECK & REMOVED

Tail wheel

UNLOCKED

TAXI

Lights

As required

If snow or OAT (< 0°) pitot heat

keep mixture T° > 8° with carburetor heater

All necessary switches

Brakes

CHECK

In turns, gyro indications

CORRECT

BEFORE TAKE-OFF

Voltage & Load meter

CHECK

Navigation instruments & Com's

Confirm SET

Carburetor heater

OFF

Mixture

FULL RICH

Fuel selector valve

BOTH

Altimeters

SET

Gyro compass

SLAVED & SET TO RUNWAY HEADING

Set trim tabs:

Elevator

DOWN: If heavy for 10°; if not 3 - 5°

Rudder

RIGHT for 3°

Flaps

set for take-off (usually 15°)

Artificial horizon

CHECK normal indication

Engine gages

normal indications: "all in the green"

Cowl flaps & Oil cooler shutters

OPEN

Lights

AS REQUIRED

Take-off time

Recorded

Parking brake

Released

TAKE-OFF

1. Without flaps:

Engine parameters

9 / 2100

Speed up to

140 Km/h 75 Kts

1. With flaps (wind <20 Kts): reduces take off distance by 35%

If 15°: engine

9 / 2100

If 25°: engine

9 / 2100

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Antonov An-2 User Guide

If 30°: engine (max weight)

10.5 / 2200

Rotation speed

85 - 90 Km/h 48 Kts

Sped up to

120 Km/h 65 Kts

Flaps over 150 Ft

gradually drawn-in

Full drawing of flaps at

140 Km/h 75 Kts

CLIMB

Establish initially

9 / 2050 (9 / 2100 if urgent)

When altitude > 150 Ft

8.5 / 1850

Speed

140 - 150 Km/h

Oil T° < 70°

CHECK

CHT < 215°

CHECK

Lights

Considered

CRUISE

Oil T° 60° - 75°

CHECK

CHT: 120° - 215° (recommended: 150° - 215°)

CHECK

Oil Pressure 4 - 5

CHECK

Fuel Pressure 0.25 - 0.35

CHECK

Compressor pressure 45 - 50

CHECK

Voltages > 28.5 V & > 75 V

CHECK

Flaps

0°

DESCENT

Establish

5.2 / 1500 (= 180 Km/h 97 Kts)

Maximum speed for descent:

Quiet air

220 Km/h 119 Kts

Turbulent air

190 Km/h 102 Kts

Maintain

CHT > 120° & Oil T° > 50°

Carburetor heater if OAT < -15°

Fuel selector

BOTH

Parking break

CONFIRM OFF & PRESSURE IN BRAKES "0"

Air pressure > 40

CHECK

Flaps

AS REQURED

FINAL CHECK

Throttle

< 5

Propeller

FULL PITCH

Speed

< 140 Km/h 75 Kts

Flaps

CHOOSE SETTING (usually 15°)

Landing lights

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Antonov An-2 User Guide

Tail wheel locking

CONSIDERED

FINAL CHECK

Tail wheel

UNLOCKED

Landing lights

OFF

Taxi light

CONSIDERED

Pitot heat

OFF

Flaps

0°

Cowl flaps & Oil cooler shutters

OPEN

COOLING DOWN & SHUT DOWN

Avionics switches

OFF

Throttle

700 - 800 RPM

Cowl flaps & Oil cooler shutters

OPEN

Let CHT cool down

< 120°

Electrical switches & radios

OFF

For a few seconds: throttle

1700 RPM, then 800 RPM

Fuel master valve

CLOSED

Throttle

OFF

Cowl flaps & Oil cooler shutters if T° < 100

CLOSED

Air system charging valve

CLOSED

Controls & ailerons

LOCKED

Oil & Air system purges

DONE

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES: ENGINE FIRE

Fuel master valve

CLOSED

Fuel selector

CLOSED

Magnetos & Converter

OFF

Cowl flaps

CLOSED

"FIRE" Button

PRESSED

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