1. Оберіть вірний варіант (a, b, c, or d).

 

1. The creditors asked if the company … already … a financial statement for this year.

a) will…be made   b) has … made     c) had … made     d) had…been made

 

2. This suggestion is … of the three. I think we shouldn’t consider it seriously.

a) less clever         b) the cleverest      c) as clever           d) the least clever

 

3. Today’s fluctuation of prices … the commodity prices in Asia.

a) is to influence    b) is influenced     c) are to influence  d) are being influenced

 

4. New management ordered the policy of our company … without any delay.

a) to be changed                      b) having been changed

c) to have been changed          d) to be changing

 

5. I heard him … the fact that the liability of shareholders was limited.

a) stressed   b) to stress          c) to be stressed   d) stressing

 

6. The programme begun last year is expected … in 10 years.

a) to complete                         b) to have been completed

c) to be completed                            d) completing

 

7. … internal sources researches now turn their attention to sources outside the company.

a) Having been exhausted                  b) Having exhausted

c) to have exhausted                         d) Being exhausted

 

8. If she … skills of handling complaints, she would have worked for our company. Unfortunately she was fired.

a) had                   b) had had            c) has          d) would have

 

9. It looks like … one of the most important discoveries of the decade.

a) be           b) being                c) to be                 d) was

 

10. Not a day goes by without … having to solve countless problems.

a) our          b) ours                 c) us           d) we

 

11. You have to learn where to put money properly and in return…

a)     you get something you look forward to.

b)    you’re looking forward to getting from it.

c)     you see that the things haven't got forward an inch.

d)    you look forward to becoming bankrupt.

 

12. … is fair stable prices for the commodities.

a)     What needs

b)    Whether we need

c)     That we need

d)    What we need

 

13. By the time the younger generation reaches retirement age, … available to pay their pensions.

a)     there would be money not

b)    no money had been left

c)     there wasn’t any money

d)    there will be no money

 

14. … the robot will become a stronger candidate for a wider spectrum of blue-collar jobs.

a)     As labour costs continue to rise

b)    After the labour costs had skyrocketed,

c)     No sooner were the labour costs rising,

d)    As labour costs drop,

 

15. A leader can be made aware of situations in which failure is … they can be avoided.

a)     likely as soon as

b)    impossible in order

c)     likely so that

d)    probably

 

16. …, they still got the same salary.

a)     As much input they offered

b)    No matter how much input they offered

c)     That they offered much input

d)    Not only much input they offered

 

17. … a supply failure rather than price increases could be destructive.

a)     Not only Japan imports oil for its needs,

b)    Because Japan depends on imported oil for most of its energy needs,

c)     Provided Japan would consume imported oil,

d)    Due to imported oil,

 

18. The stronger a product habit is, …

a)     it is more difficult for a competitive product to break it.

b)    a competitive product can’t break it.

c)     the more difficult it is for a competitive product to break it.

d)    The more it is difficult for a competitive product to break it.

 

19. The best investment isn’t always … offers the greatest reward.

a)     the one that

b)    more than one

c)     it

d)    once it

 

20. … available can greatly simplify the job.

a)     Provided you had these devices

b)    With these devices becoming

c)     Yet because these devices

d)    Having these devices

 

21. A single advertisement may produce temporary results, but the cumulative effect of advertising is important in building a steady stream of customers.

a) changed                      b) combined         c) improved          d) provided

 

22. If advertising does not appear often enough, customers will tend to forget about a business.

a) customs officers         b) spectators         c) clients              d) audience

 

 23. If advertising is repeated often enough, most of the prospective customers will be reached.

a) perspective                 b) potential           c) prosperous       d) traditional

 

24. Permanent business success must be built upon honesty, understanding and fair practices.

a) temporary                   b) intermittent        c) stable               d) available

 

25. Products that people can do without, but that mean convenience and comfort, are often purchased only when the consumer is urged to buy them.

a) sold                           b) demanded         c) distributed        d) bought

 

26. Most of entrepreneurs prepare their business plans, legal documents intended to attract potential investors and raise funds.

a) mobilize                     b) rise                            c) increase            d) skyrocket

 

27. Bookkeepers deal with taxes and cashflow which reflect business transactions of a company, such as sales and purchases.

a) transact                      b) remember         c) supply              d) handle

 

28. Internal auditing is an independent, objective consulting activity designed to add value and improve an organization’s operations.

a) worsen                       b) evaluate            c) apply                d) make better      

 

29. A sole proprietorship is a business that is owned by an individual who is liable for all the debts of the firm.

a) informed                    b) responsible       c) known              d) required

 

30. What else makes the sole trader vulnerable is limited capital resources.

a) secure               b) insufficient                 c) unprotected      d) unconscious

 

2. Прочитайте текст. Визначте, чи є наступні речення вірними (True) чи ні (False) відповідно до тексту.

 

An Interesting Fact from the History of Marketing

Flexibility in marketing in the process of promotion of goods is a very important feature. The history proves it.

It was the failure of Henry Ford to compromise, to be flexible enough that almost brought his company’s downfall. Once his Model T was very popular on the car market in the USA. Every American wanted to have it.

Time changes things. There appeared General Motors. Marketing researches were carried out concerning likings of Americans at that time, introduction and promotion of General Motors cars. The price was set right. But the main thing was that the producer changed the product itself. They took into account the wants, needs and likings of consumers of that time. The fact is the consumer wanted a range of cars in many colours (including pink and violet).

In addition, they carried out a good advertising campaign. The result was that most Americans began to buy more and more General Motors cars, for all that the quality of Henry Ford’s cars remained very high. Just Americans no longer wanted the drab old Model T. They could afford in those years something newer, brighter in colours and more modern.

In short, Henry Ford broke (violated) one of the principles of Marketing Mix. He did not try to change the product in the face of competition from General Motors. From that time on Henry Ford lost his number one position, the position he has never managed to regain.

1. The story proves that Ford Corporation was flexible enough.

2. Once Model T was in good demand and sold well.

3. General Motors responded to its consumers’ wishes.

4. Americans liked drab colour of Henry Ford’s cars.

5. Henry Ford shouldn’t have broken the principles of Marketing Mix.

 

3. Прочитайте текст. Складіть анотацію до тексту (5-7 речень).

 

Mapping

Mapping is an exciting software solution that helps to improve the way people do any business. The pioneer of computer mapping was the company Maplnfo. It was founded in Troy, New York in 1986. Now the company has hundreds of employees and is the leading producer of computer mapping software. Maplnfo established ties and partnerships with Intergraph, Hewlett-Packard, Sun Microsystems and NPDC, a leading provider of statistical, demographic and market data.

Let’s consider users and spheres of application of computer mapping.

Demography is a growing area for computer mapping and for Maplnfo. Professionals are plotting population, age, income, birth, death data on computer mapping systems to analyse lifestyle trends.

Health Care institutions are using computer mapping widely. The aim is to get exact statistical data which enable to attract new patients; to know where to open new clinics; to study insurance claims from each segment of customers; to know where and how to open many consulting centres; to organise better retraining of doctors; to improve disease prevention system.

Sales and Marketing professionals take much advantage of computer mapping. They use such data for strategic and functional purposes. They want to know: location of sales territories; location of their offices, retail outlets, service bureaux, etc.; prospects for target marketing.

The law of most developed countries requires banks to report their lending activities. Computer mapping may be used to record loan applications. Banks are also using it to analyse their customer base and to determine locations for branch offices.

Generally speaking, computer mapping can be used almost in any sphere of economic life. Mapping applications co-ordinate routes to save time and money for transportation firms and companies. Municipalities use mapping system to plan for water, gas, sewer lines, recycling pick-up. Fire departments use it to pinpoint fire locations, to deploy fire trucks, etc. Police are constantly using mapping to analyse crime patterns.

Maplnfo is a general purpose desktop mapping tool for producing data maps from database and spreadsheet information and can perform the address-matching and spatial analysis functions characteristic of its more expensive and complex cousin - a Geographic Information System. In addition, Maplnfo incorporates several powerful features that make it a strong tool for telecommunications professionals to plan, operate, and maintain their networks.

Many marketing forecasts today are being formulated through a visual analysis of geographic density, demographics, customer usage, and new construction data. By layering this diverse information on electronic street maps with detailed views of outside plant facilities and central office locations, telcos are anticipating customer demands with unprecedented accuracy.

Maplnfo’s public relations staff is in constant touch with developers to identify stories suitable for coverage in computer, business, vertical industry and GIS publications. Often, the developer has an opportunity to write and submit an article for publication. Stories might highlight applications; innovative developments with desktop mapping technology; industry trends and direction; or the success of your business. Developers, their companies or their customers can gain further recognition for desktop mapping applications and services with reprints of published stories.

 

 

1 c

2 d

3. a

4. a

5. d

6. c

7. b

8. b

9. b

10. a

11. a

12. d

13. d

14. a

15. c

16. b

17. b

18. c

19. a

20. d

21. b

22. c

23. b

24. c

25. d

26. a

27. d

28. d

29. b

30. c

 

1. F

2. T

3. T

4. F

5. T